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CREATING WEALTH AND PROSPERITY THROUGH
BUSINESS-ORIENTED AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL
RESOURCES EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
YAOUNDÉ, CAMEROON 2014
A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
ii
CREATING WEALTH AND PROSPERITY THROUGH
BUSINESS-ORIENTED AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES
EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
YAOUNDÉ, CAMEROON
August, 2014
iii
A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
CORRECT CITATION: ANAFE 2014. Creating Wealth and Prosperity through BusinessOriented Agriculture and Natural Resources Education.
A synthesis of the Fourth ANAFE Symposium held in Yaoundé, Cameroon 25-27 August 2014.
ANAFE, Nairobi Kenya.
© Copyright reserved. Any quotation and/or reference from this document must be
appropriately acknowledged as per the above citation.
This document has been financed by the Swedish International Development Cooperation
Agency (Sida). Sida does not necessarily share the views expressed in this material.
Responsibility rests with the author.
Photos © ANAFE, cover photo © ICRAF and additional photos by Prof. August Temu
iv
CONTENTS
PREFACE2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS4
ACRONYMS5
YAOUNDÉ RESOLUTIONS ON AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
AND RESEARCH
6
SYMPOSIUM SYNTHESIS
10
Education Reforms
11
Youth, Women and Agriculture
14
Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
16
Reforms in Research and Innovation 18
Delivering on Agriculture through CAADP
19
Farmers’ Risks and Vulnerability 21
Food and Nutritional Security
23
Forestry, Land Management and Risk Prevention
26
Keynote Addresses Presented
29
Papers Presented
30
Poster Competition
33
Exhibitions34
List of Participants
35
1
A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
PREFACE
The Symposium organized every four years by the African Network for
Agriculture, Agroforestry and Natural Resources Education (ANAFE) offers
opportunities for lecturers, researchers, scientists and students to exchange
their research outputs reinforce old partnerships and build new ones.
The 2014 Symposium held in Yaoundé, Cameroon coincided with
ANAFE’s 20th Anniversary. It was supported by the Swedish International
Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) through the ANAFE programme
of Strengthening Africa’s Strategic Agricultural Capacity for Impact
on Development (SASACID). The programme linking University with
Business and Research in Agricultural Innovations (UniBRAIN) led by
the Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA) also supported the
Symposium. Both SASACID and UniBRAIN seek to address the linkage
between Tertiary Agricultural and Natural Resources Education (TANRE) in
sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) more effectively to community and businesses.
The Symposium brought together over 130 participants from education and
research institutes, Pan African agricultural organizations such as the New
Partnership for African Development (NEPAD), FARA and from international
research and development organizations like the World Agroforestry Centre
(ICRAF), the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO)
and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). For the first time in
ANAFE symposium history, the private sector was strongly represented by
the Pan African Agribusiness Consortium (PanAAC) and all six Universities,
Business and Research in Agricultural Innovation (UniBRAIN) consortia
that also exhibited their products. The Symposium Declaration, endorsed
by all participants, is a powerful sensitization and lobbying tool that will
be used by ANAFE and all interested member institutions and partners to
rally for more support to education and research that is meaningful to local
populations.
The Symposium resolutions captured in this document have important
messages to various stakeholders, including educators, researchers, the
private sector, policy makers and local communities. If all play their requisite
roles as indicated, we will achieve more relevant and useful education in
2
agriculture, agroforestry and natural resources management. A key role for
ANAFE in the coming four years will focus on sharing and following up
on these resolutions through supportive projects and programmes with its
partners. It is my hope that at the next Symposium in 2018, substantive
progress would have been achieved on each resolution.
The Symposium synthesis report is a valuable record of our work. It
inspires us to strengthen coordination and collaboration with like-minded
organizations in a transformative approach that will make agricultural
education more popular, relevant, effective and efficiently delivered to
produce the entrepreneurs Africa needs. It is a ‘must read’ for stakeholders
in this field.
Dr. (Mrs.) Aissetou Dramé Yayé
Executive Secretary, ANAFE
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A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I wish to thank the sponsors; namely, Sida, FARA and ICRAF, and all the
institutions and organizations that participated and made this a great event.
The participation of vice chancellors, principals and deans was highly
appreciated and I express my sincere thanks to all of them.
This event would not have been successfully without the strong support
of the University of Dschang. I sincerely thank the Vice Chancellor of
the University of Dschang, Prof. Anaclet Fomethe, the head of the local
organizing team and Dr. Marie Louise Avana for all the time, energy
and money invested in this. The dinner offered by the Vice Chancellor of
Dschang to celebrate ANAFE’s 20th Anniversary was indeed a wonderful
occasion that was much appreciated by all participants. Thanks again to
Prof. Anaclet Fomethe.
Let me also take this opportunity to thank Dr. Zacharie Tchoundjeu, ICRAF
West and Central Africa Regional Coordinator, who handled the logistics
with great professionalism. Dr. Tchoundjeu and his team deserve our thanks
and gratitude. Last but not least, I wish to express my profound gratitude,
to Prof. August Temu, the immediate former Deputy Director General of
ICRAF and former Executive Secretary of ANAFE, who not only facilitated
the scientific component of the Symposium, but also developed this report.
Special thanks go to the Board of ANAFE led by the outgoing Chair, Prof.
John Saka, the Vice Chancellor of the University of Malawi, who has
presided over the impressive growth of ANAFE over the past 7 years.
To all scientists, lecturers, graduates, students, Northern partners, UniBRAIN
consortia and other partners, I say thank you and see you again at the next
Symposium.
Dr. (Mrs.) Aissetou Dramé Yayé,
Executive Secretary, ANAFE
4
ACRONYMS
ABCF
African Biosciences Challenge Fund
ANAFE
African Network for Agriculture, Agroforestry and Natural
Resources Education
BecA
Biosciences eastern and central Africa
CAADP
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme
CBO
Community-Based Organization
CIFOR
Center for International Forest Research
MRV
Monitoring, Reporting and Verification
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FARA
Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa
ICRAF
International Centre for Research in Agroforestry or World
Agroforestry Centre
IUFRO
International Union of Forest Research Organizations
NEPAD-AUC
New Partnership for Africa’s Development-African Union
Commission
NGO
Non-Governmental Organization
NTFP
Non-Timber Forest Product
PanAAC
Pan African Agribusiness and Agroindustry Consortium
REDD+
Reduced Emissions through Forest Deforestation and Degradation
RIFFEAC
Réseau des Institutions de Formation Forestière et Environnementale d’Afrique centrale
Sida
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
TFP
Total Factor Productivity
UniBRAIN
Universities, Business and Research in Agricultural Innovation
5
A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
YAOUNDÉ RESOLUTIONS ON AGRICULTURAL
EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
The Fourth ANAFE Symposium held in Yaoundé from 25th to 27th August
2014 attracted 138 participants from 20 countries representing 44
institutions teaching agriculture and natural resources management and
other stakeholder organizations including those in education, research,
development policy and the private sector. The Symposium attracted, among
others, vice chancellors, deans of faculties, college principals, lecturers and
students. The theme was “Agribusiness Development and Managing Risk
and Uncertainty in African Agriculture”. There were two sub-themes:
i. Agribusiness and risk management education: Curricula, policy reforms
and best practices
ii.Ecosystem sustainability and climate change: Institutionalizing
Agribusiness
In his opening remarks, the Cameroon Minister for Higher Education
(represented by the Rector of the University of Dschang) emphasized the
role of education and research in solving the agricultural development
challenges in Africa. The Symposium programme enabled a rich exchange
of knowledge, experience and new ideas regarding agribusiness, forestry,
agroforestry and natural resources management education and research.
Participants brainstormed on strategies for improving the content and quality
delivery of education, with special focus on strengthening the roles of the
ANAFE network, and its members, governments, the private sector and
partner organizations. Harvesting ideas from the rich papers and posters
presented and the ensuing discussions, the following action-oriented
recommendations were agreed to by all participants as key declarations for
sensitization and lobbying:
Recognizing the importance of Agriculture and natural resources
management on the development of African countries;
Aware of the role of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development
Programme (CAADP) and its implementation framework, and particularly
6
anchored on the NEPAD/FARA-led Science Agenda for Africa where human
and institutional capacity are emphasized;
Noting that African countries are already investing in agricultural and
natural resources management education and research; and the need for
them to secure good returns on this investment;
Conscious of the impacts of climate change and other environmental risks
on agriculture and natural resources productivity;
Cognizant of the role of education and research in human development and
ecosystem sustainability;
Recognizing that graduates of current agriculture and natural resources
education are inadequately prepared to develop and manage enterprises;
Convinced that major transformations are needed in tertiary agriculture
and natural resources education and research especially in strengthening
enterprise development; and
Excited by evident benefits of enhanced networking and collaboration
through ANAFE:
Therefore:
Participants of the Fourth ANAFE Symposium resolved as follows:1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
For African governments and policy/decision makers, to:
Institute policies and actions that will transform the image of
agriculture from that of poverty and deprivation to the fitting image
of driver of social and economic development.
Allocate more resources for education and research in agriculture
and secure increased human and institutional capacity at the
vocational and technical training levels.
Step up support for farmers and farmer organizations to function
effectively and efficiently especially to engage in agribusiness for
their own prosperity.
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A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.
3.1
3.2
4.
4.1
4.2
For colleges and universities teaching agriculture, forestry and
natural resources management, to:
Transform teaching and learning content and processes towards
generating new enterprises that respond to current demands. This
includes institutional reforms.
Facilitate the retraining of educators to adapt to current trends and
encourage the development of locally-relevant learning resources.
Establish strong links with the private sector, farmers and other
stakeholders to enable better and effective practicum for students.
Emphasize capacity for analysis and innovation. Pay special
attention to the empowerment of youth and women with knowledge
and skills to develop and manage enterprises.
For the private sector, to:
Enhance engagement with agriculture and natural resources
education and research institutions to strengthen enterprise
development, through practicum, internship, thesis research etc.
Assist the youth in the development and operationalization of
profitable enterprises along the whole value chain.
For development organizations and partners, to:
Collaborate with ANAFE in building capacity and sharing agriculture
and natural resources knowledge and lessons of experience.
Invest in technical cooperation with ANAFE in programmes that
reach colleges, universities, the youth, women and a wide range of
stakeholders.
5.
For farmers and farmer organizations, to:
5.1
Articulate the local needs for capacity building and research priorities.
5.2
Self-organize and federate so as to be able to make informed
choices in the adoption of innovations and especially to capture
the full benefits of agribusiness.
5.3
Share local knowledge wisely primarily for the betterment of
local livelihoods and the environment. Promote farmer-to-farmer
learning.
8
5.4
Collaborate with educators and researchers to support relevant
studies and facilitate solutions to local problems.
6.
6.1
For students and the youth, to:
Participate in and influence the development of greater interest
in agriculture and natural resource education to meet future
aspirations and prosperity.
Self-organize and federate to improve the voice and capacity to
advance the interest of students and the youth.
Engage with the private sector to learn more on entrepreneurship and profitability.
6.2
6.3
7.
7.1
7.2 7.3 7.4 8.
8.1
For researchers, to:
Support the development and testing of viable models for business
in agriculture and national resources with focus on enterprises
development at different scales.
Undertake user-focused research and popularize/influence
the transformation of relevant research findings into profitable
enterprises.
Undertake cross-sectoral and multi-disciplinary research and
development for improved food security, nutrition and wealth.
Step up usable research and ensure thorough reviews to avoid
repeating studies already undertaken.
For other organizations and the African diaspora, to:
Liaise with ANAFE that provides special links to African institutions
of learning, research and development in agriculture and natural
resources and take advantage of this to forge links and collaboration
with ANAFE and other education and research networks and
organizations in Africa.
UNANIMOUSLY APPROVED BY ALL PARTICIPANTS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE
SYMPOSIUM ON 27TH AUGUST 2014, AND ENDORSED BY THE BOARD OF
ANAFE ON 28TH AUGUST 2014.
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A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
SYMPOSIUM SYNTHESIS
On many fronts in
agriculture and natural
resources education,
ANAFE speaks for Africa.
Professor Anaclet Fomethe,
Rector of the University of
Dschang, Cameroon
Opening Session
The inaugural ceremony was graced by a speech from the Minister for
Higher Education in Cameroon, Honourable Prof. Jacques Fame Ndongo
read on his behalf by the Rector of the University of Dschang, Prof. Anaclet
Fomethe. The Honourable Minister positioned Cameroon well in terms of
the government’s commitment to effective agriculture and natural resources
education, and thanked ANAFE for choosing to host the Symposium in
Yaoundé, jointly with the University of Dschang. Referring to Cameroon’s
ambition to become a ‘’tiger’’ economy by 2035, the minister underlined the
important roles of the youth in building the agriculture and natural resource
sectors. Prior to the opening speech, various dignitaries, including the ANAFE
Board Chair Prof. John Saka and Executive Secretary Dr. (Mrs.) Aissetou
Dramé Yayé expounded on the Symposium objectives and themes. They
also thanked the Government of Cameroon and especially the University of
Dschang for the support and dedication in organizing and materializing the
Symposium. Special congratulatory messages on ANAFE’s 20th anniversary
celebrations were presented by representatives from NEPAD, FARA, ICRAF
and IUFRO in recognition of ANAFE’s noble work. Glowing tribute was
paid to ANAFE’s work in building capacity and in networking on education
in Africa. Going down the annals of history, ANAFE was characterized as
a prime African-owned and African-managed network of universities on
the continent. The minister hoped that the declared objectives and outputs
of the Symposium would be achieved and invited participants to enjoy
Yaoundé, the “city of seven hills” and the tourist attractions of Cameroon.
10
As agriculture and natural
resources education expands
in Africa, engaging with the
private sector is needed to
improve business education
and practice and ultimately
benefit our people.
Dr. (Mrs) Aissetou Dramé Yayé,
Executive Secretary of ANAFE
ANAFE and IUFRO are natural
partners in forestry: We have
to build on the Africa Forest
Congress of 2012.
Prof. Dr. Habil Piotr PaschalisJakubowicz of Poland, presenting
the special message from the
President and Vice President of
IUFRO
Education Reforms
Africa’s food security is threatened primarily by natural resource constraints,
inadequate production capacity, natural and anthropogenic risks, high postharvest losses and unstable social and political environments exacerbated
by macroeconomic imbalances in global trade. However, Africa has the
potential to overcome all these odds if we develop and deploy the needed
human and institutional capacity, coupled with good governance. Africa’s
land resources are adequate and, on per capita basis, exceed those of China
and India as elaborated in Table 1. In principle, therefore, Africa should be
able to feed itself and produce surplus food for export.
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A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
Table 1: Africa’s land resources
Parameters
Africa
China
India
Population (Millions)
1,032
1,347
1,210
Land area (Million Sq. Kms.)
30.22
9.60
2.97
Desert area (Million Sq. Kms)
4.73
0.22
0.22
Net potentially productive area (Million Sq. Kms)
25.49
9.38
2.75
Productive land area per capita (ha)
2.5
0.70
0.23
Agriculture education and research were initiated by our fore-parents and
passed on through generations. All over the world, the crops currently
grown and livestock reared were bred and developed by farmers. Formal
agriculture education and research are recent mechanisms to accumulate
and share knowledge. For Africa, this has not worked well partly because
our own knowledge has barely made it to current literature. This partly
explains the observed mismatch between the agriculture learned in school
and the actual practices of farmers.
Currently, formal education is designed and delivered to produce planners
and advisers primarily focused on production. Graduates are poorly
equipped to undertake, develop or manage enterprises so they lack the
business approach to agriculture and natural resources management. In
recent years, many countries in Africa have tended to promote professional
training (degree level) at the expense of technical training. This is a huge
disaster for farmers because it denies them access to knowledge and practical
support in the adoption of agricultural innovations, as university graduates
rarely have direct access to farmers. The number of extension workers has
been declining for years thanks to policies adopted to weaken extension
capacity with the assumption that NGOs and the private sector would fill in
the void, which did not happen. Thus, failure to produce enough vocational
and technical personnel reduces the impact of education and research.
12
Stable agribusiness must take into consideration environmental aspects. We
need to address the ecological conditions so that we can have the ecosystem
growing – which is the essence of a green economy. Although the concept
of monetizing ecological services is still nascent, we need to incorporate
this in all agricultural planning and management. Thus, education and
research in agriculture and natural resources management need major
reforms, especially to:
• Help our educators to become good farmers, so some retraining
is essential;
• Train entrepreneurial farmers rather than bureaucrats;
• Massively expand vocational and technical training;
• Invest in promoting local knowledge and crops;
• Stimulate local and regional markets to absorb production; and
• Incorporate sustainable management of ecological services on
agricultural landscapes.
Further to these actions, research and foresight studies are needed to guide
Africa on how best to reduce the number of smallholder farmers especially
through expansion of agro-processing and marketing. This transformation
will build on the ambition to open up agribusiness opportunities for the
youth. It is not realistic to continue with 70-80% of the population as
farmers. A strategic direction in this respect will enable better deployment
of the youth in agricultural link industries.
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A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
This Symposium comes at the
right time and in the right
place. Quality and relevance
of education in agriculture
and natural resources are
crucial for sustenance of life
and the environment.
Prof. John Saka, Vice Chancellor
of the University of Malawi and
Chair of the Board of ANAFE
Youth, Women and Agriculture
One of the most exciting debates at the Symposium was about the future of
the youth and women in agriculture. Tracer studies undertaken in Ghana,
Kenya, Uganda and Zambia and surveys conducted in Côte d’Ivoire
provided solid data to anchor the discussions. The findings showed that
youth interest in agriculture was diminished due to:
•
•
•
•
The social perception that farming is a low-class job;
Perceived risks in the production aspects of agriculture;
Low probability of making profits and raising living standards;
Confinement to the rural environment where modern amenities are
lacking;
• Their parents’ bad experience with farming (drudgery) and their strong
opinion that their children are better off doing something else;
• Lack of access to substantial land resources for serious production;
and
• The fact that in formal schools, agricultural activities are used as
punishment for misbehaving students.
The aforementioned points apply to all youths (men and women)
irrespective of their levels of education. For those trained in agriculture, the
findings show that the majority (72% and above) preferred employment in
government and corporate/private bodies. Less than 10% of them ventured
into entrepreneurial agriculture. Less than 50% of them believe that they
received the right type and quality of training, and they especially criticized
practical exposures, seminars, class discussions and experimenting.
14
Employers had their own view on graduates of agriculture. They posited
that graduates had little or no skills in problem solving, a reflection that
their training involved memorization of facts, limited hands-on experience
and limited exposure to the real problems on the ground. Employers need
specialized graduates in the various sectors of agriculture. They also demand
capacity for soft skills, innovation, entrepreneurship, risk assessment and
competitiveness. This, they believe, would reduce the need for the on-job
training they are compelled to do.
Participants were of the view that the interest of the youth and women
would be better served through the following actions:
• Formulating policies and incentives that elevate the status of
agriculture;
• Increasing the presence and availability of modern technologies
in rural settings;
• Supporting youths and women through on-the-job training and
mentoring;
• Assisting the youth to form and manage their own social and
business groups;
• Establishing access to rural credit facilities;
• Establishing links with the private sector to support women and
the youth through internships and;
• Strengthening rural agro-industries.
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A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
The general consensus is that there is a sense of urgency to take up these tasks
because without them Africa’s future food production will be compromised
as the average age of farmers is rising quite fast and in some countries it is
above 50 years. This is, in itself, a food security risk.
Food is big business but who
makes the money? With 80%
of the population working at
the bottom of the value chain
where the most risky chain
links lie, we cannot expect
them to prosper
Prof. August B. Temu, Executive
Director, Capacity Development
Resources, Tanzania
Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
Discussions on this topic were underpinned by research activities carried
out in Cameroon, Kenya, Togo and Côte d’Ivoire. It was quite clear that
there is poor distinction between the effects of climate change and those
of periodic climate variation. There was no empirical data to demonstrate
the effect of climate change. In any case, when we bundle together the
effects of climate change and climate variation, it is vivid that farmers are
experiencing greater challenges in the production of food, fuel and fibre.
This was captured through farmer perception studies especially using their
recollections on the rates of decline in annual crop production. There were
also references to declining biodiversity and shifts in seasons.
Perhaps the most interesting aspects of this discussion were the methods
used by farmers to adapt to climate change/variation effects. Farmers in
Kenya responded by growing traditional drought-tolerant crops including
Sorghum bicolor, Cajanus cajan, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna radiata, Dolichos
iablab and Manihot esculentum. Interestingly, the age of the farmer had
a significant influence on planting drought-tolerant crops, with elderly
farmers being more likely to plant them. Education level also had a
significant influence on planting drought-tolerant crops; with higher level
of education, one is more likely to plant drought-tolerant crops!
16
Other adaptation measures included charcoal burning for cash income,
joining CBOs for jobs and other opportunities, harvesting sand for sale to
builders, rain-water harvesting for irrigation, apiculture (honey production),
hunting, and sometimes migration to other areas. Most of these adaptation
measures are autonomous and they fundamentally changed livelihood
strategies. It is obvious that some strategies have serious ecological and
social impacts.
Environmental education and knowledge are important in choosing
adaptation strategies. The main constraints to devising adaptation strategies
are lack of finances and skills and inadequate information on climate
change.
In the long term, the adaptation measures mapped out constitute huge
environmental risks if they are not monitored and technically supported.
In areas where REDD+ projects were being implemented, it was clear that
many farmers did not know what carbon was (as a product) and they felt
unclear on what exactly they would gain from planting and retaining trees
on their farms, outside the usual products they are used to. Challenges
related to the complexity of allometric equations for the estimation of
carbon and the whole process of Measurement, Reporting and Verification
(MRV) also exist.
The following actions were agreed to as key to addressing climate change:
• Establish an early warning system on the weather and the onset of
pests and diseases;
• Actively promote water harvesting and efficient irrigation systems;
• Support local drought- and flood-resistant crops development;
• Develop and apply proper techniques and processes for alternative
income-generating activities such as sand harvesting to ensure
protection of the environment and future farming;
• Expand agricultural extension/advisory content to include
concrete actions to address climate change/variation adaptation
and mitigation strategies.
There are no simple fixes for climate change. With so little empirical data,
it is hard to be definitive on the right actions and results. Nonetheless, the
environmental costs of leaving farmers to carry out their own adaptation
measures independently are very high.
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A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
Reforms in Research and Innovation
If Africa is to succeed, we
must agree that the right
place for the hand hoe is the
museum; and if our science
does not deliver, posterity will
hold us responsible.
We must use CAADP to take
Africa out of the woods.
ANAFE is a strong partner to
progress education and human
capacity development.
Dr. Yemi Akinbamijo, Executive
Director, FARA
One certain thing about Africa is the uncertainty of its agriculture. This is
driven, in part, by the enormous diversity of conditions and the impacts of
climate change or climate variation. This has placed Africa on the begging
trajectory for decades! However, things don’t have to be this way. Africa
can and must build its own granary and this begins with every home. The
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)
provides a fitting framework for the development and application of science
to transform Africa’s farming. The question is: How best can Africa capture
the opportunities it has to drive serious institutional reforms and technical
(biological) innovations to achieve greater productivity and profitability?
Africa’s food import bill currently stands at US dollars 50 billion and is
likely to keep rising if nothing is done to change its course. Agricultural
science has a huge potential, but it cannot be realized unless there is
a substantive increase in our investment in research and innovation.
Currently, the capacity for agricultural research is so low that our global
visibility of scientific and technological innovations in agriculture is at best
diminutive. At the same time, we have an ambition to double the Total
Factor Productivity (TFP) of Africa by 2025. This is a daring ambition. There
is no doubt that major transformations are needed at country and local
levels to achieve the desired ambition. The needed changes are, inter alia:
18
• Improve coordination of efforts by national research institutes,
universities and the private sector to form holistic and strategic
programmes that address the real problems of agriculture;
• Eliminate diversion of attention by research-supporting institutions,
which tend to choose their own agenda for African researchers to
implement;
• Focus on assisting farmers to advance further on what they are
already good at in addition to adopting new innovations;
• Attract more investment in research by demonstrating that it
works! All too often we tend to push a single crop and far too
narrow concepts that do not work well in the integrated systems
used by our farmers;
• Pay attention to conservation that boosts ecological functionality
of farming systems;
• Undertake foresight studies to identify the future research
trajectory for Africa; and
• Intensify collaboration among research stakeholders especially in
countries that have just emerged from food insecurity.
One major key to the transformation of agriculture is systematic reduction
or elimination of the large number of risks associated with the whole value
chain. Research into this area must be given the highest priority. Another
key aspect is that of mining natural capital. Continuous cropping without
fertilization exhausts naturally-supplied nutrients from soils. Agroforestry
innovations are able to restore soil fertility. Fundamental in this is the need
to retain and sustainably manage ecological functionality for the sustenance
of ecological products and services.
Delivering on Agriculture through CAADP
Africa’s agricultural resources are not adequately tapped largely because
short-term planning to meet immediate needs has preoccupied policy and
decision making for long-term needs. CAADP seeks to achieve 6% sustained
economic growth. Its Pillar IV seeks to underline the primacy of science,
innovation and capacity as key elements for productivity and prosperity.
Even as we enter the second decade with CAADP, universities and other
training institutions have not been given adequate attention.
19
A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
At the continental level, there seems to be all the good signs of vision
and political commitment. However, funding of specific activities within
countries receives much less support than expected and, therefore, the
desired impacts of CAADP are yet to be realized. There is need to move
beyond commitment to action. Sub-regional and regional networks like
ANAFE have a very important role to play in enabling institutions to take
action and share their experiences.
Human capacity development
must be placed at the apex
of our priorities. In this
respect, ANAFE’s work is well
anchored in CAADP to help in
the creation of a critical mass
of leaders in agriculture and
natural resources in Africa.
Prof. Aggrey Ambali, Science
Adviser and Head of NEPAD
Science, Technology and
Innovation Hub (NSTIH)
At the regional scale, initiatives such as BeCA and Bio-innovate are at the
nexus of agriculture, industry and the environment. BeCA has the African
Biosciences Challenge Fund (ABCF) that gives research fellowships to create
a community of practice for researchers handling diverse issues. Notably,
these programmes receive the bulk of support from sources external to
Africa, and it is not clear how much buying in or influence Africa has on the
research agenda. This has repercussions on the adoptability of innovations
generated in these programmes.
The Science, Technology and Innovation (STISA 2024) defines the science
agenda and Human Development Policy for Africa. STISA is a tool to help
the African Union achieve Vision 2063. However, there are some gaps
in the implementation of CAADP. Some key disciplines such as forestry,
agroforestry, fisheries and natural resources management receive very little
attention. There are many examples of trees, tree products and services that
could be used to enrich agricultural production and contribute immensely
to food security and agribusiness.
20
For example, the fruit of Allanblackia stuhlmanii has high content of stearic
acid (52-58%) and oleic acid (39-45%). These stable components make
it possible for the fat extracted from the fruit to remain solid at room
temperature. The demand for this fat is in the hundreds of thousands of
tons, but Africa is only able to provide 200 tons! Recent advances in science
by ICRAF have shown that the tree can be propagated vegetatively to start
producing at the age of only 6 years. There are many similarly developed
tree and shrub species with the potential to produce fruits, nuts, spices,
pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, fodder and fuelwood. These seem to
be ignored in all planning for agriculture. Just like the diminishing cultivation
of traditional crops, these represent lost opportunities for Africa to bring out
its best heritage.
To redress the situation, the following actions are needed:
• Elevate the roles of useful trees and shrubs and encourage
integrated agricultural systems;
• Initiate and support research and training on tree domestication
into agriculture and especially horticulture. There is need to
recognize that forestry is not just about timber.
• Cultivate a culture of planning and managing agriculture
collaboratively with link sectors especially forestry, agroforestry,
water, energy, wildlife, beekeeping and the environment.
Farmers’ Risks and Vulnerability
Studies undertaken in Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, Niger and Senegal underpin
the analysis and suggestions in this section. An analysis of risks along the
agricultural value chain shows clearly that the highest risks are borne at
the production and harvesting stages. The risks then diminish progressively
all through the rest of the stages. This has very important implications
for Africa because it means that the highest risks are borne by the least
educated/trained and least-facilitated communities who already suffer
from countless problems such as poverty, poor access to credit, weak
supporting infrastructure and vulnerability to diseases due to the poor living
environment.
21
A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
Besides, rural communities endure huge risks by handling agrochemicals
they know so little about thereby risking poisoning as well diseases such
as cancer due to long-term and/or inappropriate exposure to dangerous
agrochemicals or other poisonous or health-risking substances (e.g.
Uranium, Zinc and Mercury in Niger). Participants shared examples where
for a single crop of capsicum, farmers had up to 14 different chemicals to
select from. Some farmers mixed the chemicals and applied up to three
times the recommended dosage. It is, therefore, absurd to imagine that
these are the people to take on production—the heaviest burden in solving
food insecurity problems. Even when production can be raised, experience
has shown that due to poor product management facilities and processes
and weak transport infrastructure, food losses of up to 40% are experienced
in rural settings (e.g. the Senegal case on loss of tomatoes). Further, due to
unfavourable rural-urban terms of trade, food insecurity is more prevalent in
rural and peri-urban areas. Big cities seem to enjoy considerably better food
security (e.g. In Côte d’Ivoire).
Weaknesses in policies and policy implementation underline the failure
of agriculture in Africa. While most developed countries subsidize their
farmers and support them with knowledge, African countries seem to simply
endorse donor recommendations to do exactly the opposite. Farmers are
sometimes buying expired or infected seeds as well as expired and hazardous
agrochemicals and incurring huge losses. Yet they have traditional solutions
that are not supported by local institutions or government.
Many of the problems facing farmers can be solved locally. For example,
there is clear evidence that capacity for risk management rises with
education and training, especially in relation to management of credit
facilities, agrochemical uses, post-harvest management and overall access
to information. This was quite clear in Kenya. Thus, better training of farmers
is one of the essential steps to be taken. Further actions required include:
• Enacting policies that ensure that greater support and subsidies
are provided to farmers;
• Establishing strong cooperatives that federate farmers’ voices and
enhance their negotiation capacity;
22
• Building granaries in all villages to ensure good post-harvest
management;
• Cottage industrialization to shorten the value chains and put
more money in the hands of farmers;
• Supporting the use of traditional technologies and crops that are
more resilient; and
• Managing standards to ensure full protection of rural communities
from dangerous substances.
It is time we considered smallholder farmers as private entrepreneurs who
must make profit, not just subsist. If each small farmer just makes a small
profit every year, whole nations would leap forward in food security.
Food and Nutritional Security
For Africa, food and nutritional security is still a big challenge. The overall
productivity per unit area of land is far too low compared to the global
average. Additionally, the consumption of foods that provide minerals
and vitamins, especially fruits and vegetables, is far too low to meet the
minimum requirements. The need for better management of Africa’s food
was highlighted in several presentations. The major challenges to scientists
are:
• Providing fitting germplasm for the different ecosystems and
production ecologies;
• Developing supporting mechanisms that enable farmers to
manage the production systems more effectively;
• Advising policy makers on how best to formulate favourable
policies that ensure that useful indigenous crops are not lost as
we adopt new varieties of crops;
• Developing effective strategies for cutting post-harvest food losses;
• Ensuring that silos are developed and properly managed at all
levels from individual households to the national and regional
levels; and
23
A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
• Controlling trade and markets to ensure that Africa’s prime foods
are used primarily to fix the needs of Africa.
We need a Pan-African food
management system that
works for Africa. What can
we do without food?
Dr. Mousa Seck, Board Chair
of the Pan African Agribusiness
Consortium (PanAAC)
The pros and cons of agricultural biotechnology were an interesting area
of debate. There are differing opinions among African academics and
researchers on the place of biotechnology, especially genetically-modified
foods. Experts working on biotechnology have the strong view that it can
provide solutions to Africa’s food security challenges. However, only three
countries in Africa have fully embraced GM food (Egypt, Kenya and South
Africa). The debate on how this has helped continues. Experts on biosciences
from BeCA are undertaking research that may resolve the situation.
To achieve the African vision
on food security, we must
embrace biotechnology
for improved productivity.
Collaboration between
universities, industry and
policy makers is vital.
Dr. Julius Ecuru, Scientist, BioInnovate, BeCA-ILRI.
24
The concept of diversifying food sources was covered through a paper on
the domestication of tree crops in agroforestry systems. Participants were
treated to rich science and practice in Cameroon and neighbouring countries
where ICRAF is leading domestication of Dacryoides edulis (Safou), Irvingia
gabonensis (bush mango) and Allanblackia stuhlmanii through vegetative
propagation. The scientists have managed to produce fruits within 5 to 8
years of growing the trees. The nutritional content of these fruits surpasses
many of the commonly marketed fruits globally. Already, there is global
interest in the fruits of Allanblackia, thanks to its high quality oil, which
enables it to remain solid at room temperature. Despite the opportunities
provided to develop new crops like these, there are policy and investment
challenges that need to be overcome to enable full-scale adoption and
growing of these tree crops. Africa has many more unexplored tree crops
and more research is needed to bring them out.
Tree crops provide critical safety
nets for farmers especially under
the current climate change
risks. Rapid development of tree
product businesses is a priority
for Africa; to make best use of
our rich biodiversity.
Dr. Zacharie Tchoundjeu, ICRAF
Director, West and Central Africa
Africa has a huge variety of
tree and shrub products that
can contribute much more to
food, fibre and fuel supplies.
Researchers and educators must
find appropriate technologies
to enable local communities to
generate business on them.
Dr. Ndoye Ousseynou, FAO
Regional Coordinator, Cameroon
25
A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
Forestry, Land Management and Risk Prevention
Our forests and woodlands are crucial resources for supporting livelihoods
and the environment. They also help to preserve biodiversity and may hold
the crucial genes we need for future development of food and medicine.
Without forests, clean water, air and the environment would be only a
dream.
Research undertaken in Cameroon, Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Senegal,
South Africa and Uganda helped in reaching the analysis and synthesis in
this section. The central theme was sustainable land management in the
context of food security. All too often, it is assumed that food primacy
implies that whatever land is available should be committed to produce
food. This is the general perspective of agronomists who see forests and
woodlands as ‘reserve areas’ for agriculture. On the opposing side, there
are foresters and environmental experts who believe that farming creates
a lot of damage to the environment and should be put under some form of
control. Seeking a balance for sustainable land management is dicey as we
have to deal with different communities, government structures, policies
and pressure groups.
26
In Congo, a study was done to compare three different tools to determine
their effectiveness in promoting sustainable forest management. The tools,
which were Protected Areas, Biodiversity Hotspots and Forest Certification
were not satisfactory although Forest Certification showed a slightly positive
trend. One key observation was that the tools are foreign and poorly
understood, so the risks of misinterpretation are high. Further, they did not
effectively engage with and consider local traditions. The tools should be
adapted to take cognisance of local needs.
From the scientific standpoint, there should be no contradiction between
food production and sustainable land management. Natural ecosystems
have clearly demonstrated this. The challenge arises from the introduction
of intensive artificial systems that lack diversity and, therefore, skew the
ecology of an area to a single crop production year-on-year. Then, the
natural ecological system is suppressed. Work in Senegal showed that
the majority (52%) of land management actors are poorly educated on
sustainable systems. While the situation was slightly better in Ethiopia and
Tanzania, the trends in land degradation were more or less the same. The
adoption of high-yielding crop varieties in Ghana and Senegal were not
accompanied by any conservation measures. Such practices exacerbate the
effects of climate change.
On the margins of Kakamega forest and Mt. Elgon in Kenya, 11 species of
invasive plants were introduced by farmers. The invasive species compete
with crops as well as forest trees and shrubs, threatening both food security
and the environment, most especially water resources. In Ghana, it was
observed that riverine forests passing through farmlands had over 30%
invasive species arising from farming activities. This had an impact on the
quality and volume of water in the river.
In forest areas close to human habitation, a good balance between farming
and forestry can produce excellent results as was observed in North West
Cameroon where blue duikers and bushbucks were flourishing and adding
to the local diet.
27
A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
Contradictions in the overall management of land can only lead to
disasters. The following actions are essential to overcome conflicts and land
degradation:
• Establishing regional collaboration to fight against undesirable
invasive species;
• Enhancing collaboration between government ministries and
institutions responsible for agriculture, forestry, the environment
and wildlife management;
• Establishing mechanisms for guaranteeing the involvement of
local people in developing conservation tools;
• Encouraging joint management of natural resources, epecially
forests, water and wildlife;
• Enhancing the good practices of forest communities (for example,
the Pygmies); and
• Encouraging agroforestry and reforestation of land by local
communities.
The bottom line is good will. There must be greater integration and
collaboration across different land use sectors if the planet Earth is to be
rescued from destruction.
28
Keynote Addresses Presented
1. Education reforms in agriculture: Are we on the right path? Prof.
August B. Temu, Executive Director, Capacity Development Resources,
Tanzania
2. Linking agricultural research with education and the private sector. Dr.
Yemi Akinbamijo, Executive Director, FARA
3. Reinforcing business approaches to tertiary agricultural education: Dr.
Aissétou Dramé Yayé, Executive Secretary of ANAFE
4. Sustaining forests: The role of forestry education: Prof. Dr. Habil Piotr
Paschalis-Jakubowicz, IUFRO representative
5. Agricultural science and technology: Achieving the African vision: Dr.
Julius Ecuru, Bio-Innovate, BeCA-ILRI
6. Marketing of agroforestry products: The example of Allanblackia
in Cameroon: Dr. Zac Tchoundjeu, Regional Director for West and
Central Africa of ICRAF
7. NEPAD’s vision for agricultural science and technology in Africa: Prof.
Aggrey Ambali, Director of S&T, NEPAD, South Africa
8. Non-timber forest products and their marketing in Africa: Ndoye
Ousseynou (FAOSFC): FAO Cameroon
9. The private sector and its role in African development: Dr. Moussa
Seck, Chair of the PanAAC Board
29
A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
Papers Presented
30
The captive audience enjoyed many exiting presentations
and discussions (Inset: Dr. Ouattara-Soro Fatou (left) from
Côte D’Ivoire and Lynette Achieng from Kenya.
Ms. Tsabong R. Rabiatou, a
PhD student from Cameroon
presenting a paper during
the Symposium.
1.
Effective training for reducing the risk of adverse intersectoral drift of agriculture graduates in Africa
Anderson Kipkoech (Kenya)
2.
A Study on why Zimbabwe College of Forestry (ZCF)/
Forest Industries Training Centre (FITC) graduates are
not taking up forestry businesses after graduating
Ms. Joyce Gombe
(Zimbabwe)
3.
Analyse de l'incorporation de l'agrobusiness dans
les programmes de l'enseignement supérieur et de la
recherche
Ouattara-Soro Fatou
Scherazade (Côte d’Ivoire)
4.
Youth involvement in agribusiness: Hope for Africa’s
food security
Lynette Achieng, Evergreen
Agriculture
5.
Assessing farmers’ perceptions about climate change:
A descriptive approach
Dr. Denis Opiyo (Kenya)
6.
Assessing vulnerability to climate change and
variability among small-scale farmers in Wote
Division, Makueni County, Kenya
Pius Mwenda (Kenya)
7.
Dynamique de la biodiversité ligneuse et des stocks
de carbone dans les systèmes agroforestiers à base de
cacaoyers au Centre Cameroun: cas de Ngomedzap
Tayo Gamo Kevin
(Cameroon)
8.
Climate change adaptation strategies by small-scale
farmers in Yatta District, Kenya
Dr. Benson Mburu (Kenya)
9.
Managing risks and uncertainties in agriculture:
The role of plant genetic resources of neglected and
underutilized crop species in Africa
Dr. Nyadanu (Ghana)
10. Evaluation de la menace de la biodiversité pour
promouvoir l'agrobusiness des plantes medicinales
au Togo
Koudouvo, K. Togo)
11. Agriculture multi étagée et la réduction de la
vulnérabilité des petites exploitations agricoles aux
changements climatiques
Sidiki Dembélé (Mali)
12. Contribution de Canarium schweinfurthii aux
services ecosystemiques des agroforets caféières des
Bamboutou (Oueast Cameroon)
Mélanie Rosine (Cameroon)
13. Stratégie de lutte ecologique durable pour la
protection post-recolte des denrees alimentaires
stockees, par l'utilisation de biopesticides en milieu
paysan, dans la region de Bouafle en Côte d’Ivoire
Dr. Johnson Felicia (Côte
d’Ivoire)
14. Factors influencing rice yield variability: A case for
Ahero irrigation scheme in Kenya
Samuel Onyango Omondi
(Kenya)
15. Risque de contamination des eaux par les éléments
traces métalliques dans la zone aurifère de
Komabangou—Tillaberi Niger
Abdourahamane Tankari
Dan Badjo (Niger)
16. Contribution à l'étude des technologies de
conservation et de valorization de la tomate par
séchage dans la Vallée du Fleuve
Seynabou DIACK (Senegal)
17. The UniBRAIN model
Alex Ariho and Pia Chuzu,
FARA
18. Entrepreneurship education in agricultural BSc.
degree programmes: Case HAMK
Eija Laitinen (Finland)
19. Valorisation des micro chaînes de valeur:
minimization des coûts et maximization des profits
Adamou dit Kimba Saley
Aboubakar (Niger)
20. ANAFE work on linking tertiary agricultural education
and research with the private sector
James Aucha (Kenya)
21. Does adoption of sustainable land management
enhance food security in the midst of climate shocks
exposed to African farmers? Insights from a baseline
survey
Abayomi Samuel (South
Africa)
22. Invasive plants of the Kakamega and Mt. Elgon forest
ecosystem in Kenya and Uganda: An increasing
environmental risk
Dr. John Obiri (Kenya)
23. Conservation status of the blue Duiker and Bushbuck
in the MBI Crater Games Reserve, North West Region
of Cameroon
Fotang Chefor (Cameroon)
24. Contribution à la mise en place d'un modéle de
sylviculture communautaire: cas du réseau des
Gestionnaires des Forêts Communautaires de la
Boumba et Ngoko
Mawanba Aristide
(Cameroon)
25. Problématique de la conservation des forêts du bassin
du Congo: quand le jeu des mots ne suffit plus
Tsabong R Rabiatou
(Cameroon)
26. Comparative analysis of woody species composition
of riparian forests in farmland and forest reserve:
Implications for sustainable agriculture in the
savannas of Ghana
Dr. Victor Rex Barne (Ghana)
31
A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
32
27. Insertion de légumineuses: Socle de développement
de systèmes de production innovants d'intégration
agriculture-élevage en zone subhumide du Mali
Dr Coulibaly Drissa (Mali)
28. Agroforesterie pour une intégration efficiente de
l'agriculture et l'élevage en vue d’une réduction de
l'exposition aux risques et incertitudes
Sidiki Dembele (Mali)
29. Employee factors rather than customer factors drive
corporate strategies for agribusiness investment in
Uganda
Samuel Kalimunjaye
(Uganda)
30. Analysis of the socio-economic factors affecting the
utilization of rainwater harvesting technology in
Kajiado County, Kenya
Mngoli M. (Kenya)
31. Contractualisation et gestion des risques: cas de la
chaîne de valeur du mais industriel dans la région de
Kaolack au Sénégal
Idrissa Wade (Senegal)
32. Non-timber forest products governance: Case
of Prunus africana in the North West Region of
Cameroon
Anoncho Valentine Fru
(Cameroon)
33. La fixation des sols dunaires dégradés est un
instrument de gestion de risques climatiques dans le
Sud-est du Niger
Dr. Adamou Didier TIDJANI
(Niger)
34. Flore colonisatrice de vitellaria paradoxa et Vitex
doniana dans les hautes savanes guineennes
Fawa, G. Mapongmetsem
P.M. (Cameroon)
35. Land use/cover change and environmental
degradation in Nkambe Highlands of Cameroon
Njini Loveline and Julius
Tata (Cameroon)
36. Use of indigenous knowledge and ICTs in managing
risks and uncertainties on agriculture in Kajiado
County, Kenya
Manei N. (Kenya)
37. Réduction des risques des petits éleveurs par la
mise au point de rations d'embouche incorporant
des especes exotiques de ligneux fourragers et
d'herbacees
Drisssa Coulibaly (Mali)
38. Étude de l'état phytosanitaire des parcelles de manioc
(Manihot esculenta Crantz, Euphorbiaceae) cultive en
cultivé en Côte d’Ivoire
Engueran Konan Djaha,
Arthur Affery (Côte d’Ivoire)
39. Analyse de rentabilite de la production de semence
cerealiere (mil/sorgho) au niveau des producteurs et
son impact dans les exploitations familiales: cas de la
zone de Mbour, au Sénégal
Seye Boubacar (Senegal)
40. Price risks in the cocoa sector of Cameroon
Lawong Kinenla Edith
(Cameroon)
Posters Displayed and Presented
The poster sessions were exciting.
Below is a list of posters displayed
at the Symposium.
1.
The best choice of fertilizer for maize (Zea
mays) and climbing beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)
rotation for rich, mean and poor farmers in
South Kivu, DRC
Janvier Bashagaluke Bigabwe
(DRC)
2.
A comparative study of physicochemical
characteristics of the Artemisia annua antimalarial plant from the grass-field regions of
Cameroon and from Luxembourg
Rosine D.K. Chougou (Cameroon)
3.
Domestication potential of the Afrostyrax
lepidophyllus: Seed viability and rooting ability
of cuttings in non-mist propagators
Tchiofo Lontsi (Cameroon)
4.
In vivo antisalmonellal activity of aqueous
extract of Euphorbia prostrate Aiton
(Euphorbiaceae) and its toxicological evaluation
Donald S. Tala (Cameroon)
5.
Évaluation de variétés de riz pour la résistance à
quelques contraintes biotiques majeures et pour
leurs performances agronomiques
Alphonse Bouet Nadre, A. Gbedie
(Cameroon)
Poster Competition
Following a competition on the quality and presentation of posters, the
following persons were the winners.
1. Tchinmegni Felenou; International Bilingual Academy, Yaoundé,
Cameroon
2. Marybem Chiatoh, University of Dschang, Cameroon
3. Yogom Tientcheu Boniface, University of Dschang, Cameroon
Below is a photograph of the Committee that assessed the posters for
the winners. The Chair of the Committee was Dr. Sebastian Chakeredza,
Deputy Executive Secretary of ANAFE (extreme left), assisted by Dr. Marie
Avana, Vice Chair of the ANAFE Board (extreme right).
33
A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
Exhibitions
1. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) – Tree products, product processing
and producer organizations (Contact: Julius Atia [email protected] )
2. The University of Douala, Institute of Halieutic Science (Contact: Prof.
Tchoumbougnang ([email protected])
3. Central African Network for Forestry and Environmental Education
(RIFFEAC) (Contact: [email protected])
4. Allanblackia Women Group (Contact: Julius Atia or [email protected]
5. UniBRAIN – various tree products processed by local entrepreneurs
34
List of Participants
No. Name
Institution
Position
Country
1
Prof. John Saka
University of Malawi
Vice Chancellor
Malawi
2
Dr. Aissetou Yaye
ANAFE
Executive Secretary
Kenya
3
Prof. Stanley Makuza
Chinhoyi University of
Technology
Executive Dean
Zimbabwe
4
Prof. August Temu
Capacity Development
Resources
Executive Director
Kenya
5
Prof. Yemi Akinbamijo
FARA
Executive Director
Ghana
6
Prof. Aggrey Ambali
NEPAD
Head
South Africa
7
Prof. Brice Sinsin
University of Abomey Calavi
Rector
Benin
8
Prof. James Kung'u
Kenyatta University
Dean, School of
Environmental Studies
Kenya
9
Prof. Chistine A. Onyango
Taita Taveta University
College
Deputy Principal
Kenya
10
Prof. Florence Fonteh
Universite De Dschang
Head, Center for Distance
Education
Cameroon
11
Dr. Zacharie Tchoundjeu
ICRAF
West and Central Africa
Regional Coordinator,
Cameroon
12
Prof. Paul Essetchi
Université Félix HouphouëtBoigny
Dean
Cote d'Ivoire
13
Dr. Ndoye Ousseynou
FAO
Regional Coordinator
Cameroon
14
Prof. Peter Kisinyo
Rongo University College
School of Agriculture, Natural Kenya
Resource & Environmental
Studies
15
Moussa Seck
Pan AAC
President
Senegal
16
Dr. Sall Saidou Nourou
Université Gaston Berger Saint-Louis du Sénégal
Assistant Professor
Sénégal
17
Dr. Koffi Koudouvo
Universite De Lome
Biologist
Togo
18
Dr.Marie Louise Avana
Universite De Dschang
Senior Lecturer
Cameroon
19
Dr. George Tumwesigye
Pan AAC
Business Mentor
Uganda
20
Mutundu Julius Kioko
Sorghum Value Chain
Development Consortium
CEO
Kenya
21
Dr. Nacro Hassan Bismarck
Centre Regional
AGRHYMET/CILSS
Chef du Department
Niger
22
Dr. Idrissa Wade
Ensa - Université de Thiès
Lecturer
Sénégal
23
Dr. Abayomi Samuel
Oyekale
North West University
Lecturer
South Africa
24
Ms. Lucy Ngare
Kenyatta University
Lecturer
Kenya
25
Mr.Janvier Bashagaluke
Catholic University
Lecturer
DRC
26
Dr. Benson Mburu
Kenyatta University
Lecturer
Kenya
27
Dr. Nyadanu Daniel
Kwame Nkrumah University
of Science and Technology
Lecturer
Ghana
35
A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
36
28
Mvondo Ze Antoine
FASA
Dean
Cameroon
29
Anaclet Fomethe
Vice Chancellor
University of Dschang
Cameroon
30
Mr. Rick Williams
AIMS
Consultant
USA
31
Dr. Mipro Hien
Universite Polytechnique
de Bobo
Seniour Lecturer
Burkina
Faso
32
Dr.John Obiri
Masinde Muliro University of
Science and Technology
Senior Lecturer
Kenya
33
Mr. Alex Ariho
FARA
Unibrain Facility Coordinator
Ghana
34
Pia Chuzu
FARA
Programme Officer Unibrain
Ghana
35
Dr. Ecuru Julius
Beca ILRI Hub
Consultant
Kenya
36
Prof. Kone Daouda
Université Félix HouphouëtBoigny
SASACID Project
Coordinator
Côte d’Ivoire
37
Prof. Famanta
Mahamoudou
IPR/IFRA
Director General
Mali
38
Alain Souza
INSAB
Director General
Gabon
39
Dr. Kouakou Tiecoura
Université Félix HouphouëtBoigny
Lecturer
Cote d'Ivoire
40
Dr. Abdourahamane Tankari Faculté D'Agronomie De
Dan-Badjo
Niamey
Lecturer
Niger
41
Pr.Piotr PaschalisJakubowicz
Warsaw University of Life
Sciences
Head of Department
Poland
42
Prof. Mathias Fonteh
Universite De Dschang
Head of Department
Cameroon
43
Dr. Anderson Kipkoech
University of Eldoret
Lecturer
Kenya
44
Mr. Josephat Kaijage
CURAD
Incubatee
Uganda
45
Mr. Denis Seninde
CURAD
Incubatee
Uganda
46
Grace Okai
CCLEAr - ABI
Incubatee
Ghana
47
Mlle Dao P. Celine
Ingenieun Socio-economiste
Burkina
Faso
48
Dr. Victor Rex Barnes
Kwame Nkrumah University
of Science and Technology
Lecturer / Postgraduate
Coordinator
Ghana
49
Dr. Amoukou Ibrahim
Universite Abdou Moumoni
Lecturer
Niger
50
Dr. Felicia Johnson
Université Félix HouphouëtBoigny
lecturer
Cote d'Ivoire
51
Dr. Ouattara-Soro Fatou
Scherazade
Université Félix HouphouëtBoigny
Lecturer
Cote d'Ivoire
52
Dr. Coulibaly Drissa
IPR/IFRA
Lecturer
Mali
53
Apollo Segawa
CURAD
Managing Director
Uganda
54
Mr. Adamou dit Kimba S.
Aboubakar
Sahel Bio-Production
Master
Niger
55
Eshun Aba Esther
CCLEAr - ABI
Operations Manager
Ghana
56
Mr. James Aucha
ANAFE
Programme Officer
Kenya
57
Dr. Sebastian Chakeredza
ANAFE
Deputy Executive Secretary
Kenya
58
Dr. Murat Sartas
Wageningen UniversityKnowledge, Technology and
Innovation
Researcher
Sweden
59
Alfred Ochola
ANAFE
Communication Officer
Kenya
60
Prof. Daniel Abwa Vrepdtic
Uyi
Université de Yaoundé I
Vice Rector
Cameroon
61
Dr. Nobah Céline Sidonie
Koco
Ecole Normale Superieure
Lecturer
Côte d’Ivoire
62
Dr. Siaka Kone
Lecturer
Côte d’Ivoire
63
Fosso Lionel
Universite De Dschang
Lecturer
Cameroon
64
Somda Irenee
Université Polytechnique
de Bobo
Lecturer
Burkina
Faso
65
Dr. Eija Laitinen
Hamk University of Applied
Sciences
Finland
66
Mr. Samuel Kalimunjaye
Uganda Christian University
Lecturer
Uganda
67
Dr. Bell Jean Marcial
CRESA
68
Dr. Gabriel Dembele
IPR/IFRA
Mali
69
Renaat Van Rompaey
Wageningen International
Experts Wix
Consultant
Netherlands
70
Ebenezer Asaah
ICRAF
Country Representative
71
Longo Lucas
Ministere de l'Agriculture et
du Development Rural
DEFACC - Yaounde
Cameroon
72
Loga Leonard Justin
College Regional
D'Agriculture Bambili
Director
Cameroon
73
Prof. Zambou Ngoufack
Francois
Universite De Dschang
Lecturer
Cameroon
74
Tarla Divine
Universite De Dschang
Lecturer
Cameroon
75
Efole Ewoukem Thomas
Universite De Dschang
Lecturer
Cameroon
76
Prof. Foudjet Erick
Universite De Dschang
Lecturer
Cameroon
77
Prof. Nguelefack
Telesphore
Universite De Dschang
Head of Department
Cameroon
78
Tchiofo Rodine
Universite De Dschang
Assistant Lecturer
Cameroon
79
Ngameni Emmanuel
Universite De Dschang
Dean
Cameroon
80
Prof. Tchamba Martin
Universite De Dschang
Country Leader
Cameroon
81
Dr Djimeli Alexandre
Universite De Dschang
lecturer
Cameroon
82
Kamgaing Theophile
Universite De Dschang
Lecturer
Cameroon
83
Prof Womeni Hilaire
Universite De Dschang
Senior Lecturer
Cameroon
84
Dr. Wansi Sylvie
Universite De Dschang
Lecturer
Cameroon
85
Tayo Gano
Universite De Dschang
Lecturer
Cameroon
86
Mr Tenonfo Maurice
Universite De Dschang
Lecturer
Cameroon
87
Dr Tchoumbongnang
Université de Douala
Representative of the
Director ISH
Cameroon
88
Rosine Desiree Chougouo
Kengne
Université des Montagnes
Director (Education and
Research)
Cameroon
89
Ms. Edith Soup
ICRAF
Regional HR Administrator
Cameroon
90
Dr. Denis Opiyo Olila
University of Nairobi
Student
Kenya
91
Mr. Pius Mwenda
Kenyatta University
Student
Kenya
92
Dr. Samuel Onyango
Omondi
University of Nairobi
Student
Kenya
37
A SYNTHESIS OF THE FOURTH ANAFE SYMPOSIUM
38
93
Mr. Blessing Dete
Zimbabwe College of
Forestry
Student
Zimbabwe
94
Fotang Chefor
Universite De Dschang
Student
Cameroon
95
Onyango Lynette Achieng
ICRAF
Student
Kenya
96
Akesse Ettien Narcice
Université Félix HouphouëtBoigny
Student
Cote d'Ivoire
97
Tsafack Borice
Universite De Dschang
Student
Cameroon
98
Silatsa Tedou Francis Brice
Universite De Dschang
Student
Cameroon
99
Gbedie Nadre Audrey
Université Félix HouphouëtBoigny
Student
Côte d’Ivoire
100 Dr. Affery Arthur Martin
Université Félix HouphouëtBoigny
Student
Côte d’Ivoire
101 Mr. SEYE Boubacar.
Université Gaston Berger Saint-Louis du Sénégal
Student
Sénégal
102 Ms. DIACK Seynbou.
Université Gaston Berger Saint-Louis du Sénégal
Student
Sénégal
103 Tsewoue Mélanie Rosine
Universite De Dschang
Student
Cameroon
104 Njoupouo Poumie Irene
Universite De Dschang
Cameroon
105 Mawamba Dongmo Aristide
Universite De Dschang
Student
Cameroon
106 Nouboudem Sandrine
Christiane
Universite De Dschang
Student
Cameroon
107 Guemdjo Tekam Maryvonne Universite De Dschang
Student
Cameroon
108 Ngoumtsop Victor Herman
Universite De Dschang
Student
Cameroon
109 Edith Keguep
ICRAF
Office Assistant
Cameroon
110 Julius Atia Iseli
ICRAF
Communication
Cameroon
111 Festus Shu
ICRAF
Cameroon
112 Olu Ttibi
ICRAF
Cameroon
113 Josephine Oyoo
ANAFE
Accounts Officer
Kenya
114 Nzeugan Raoul
University of Dschang
Student
Cameroon
115 Nouboudem Sandrine
Christiane
University of Dschang
Student
Cameroon
116 Yogom Tientcheu
University of Dschang
Student
Cameroon
117 Tchiofo Lontsi
University of Dschang
Lecturer
Cameroon
118 Donald Tala
University of Dschang
Phd Student
Cameroon
119 Anoncho Valentine
University of Dschang
Phd Student
Cameroon
120 Akitio Tsape
University of Dschang
Phd Student
Cameroon
121 Tsabong Ribouem Rabiatou
University of Dschang
Phd Student
Cameroon
122 Mme Abamda Mare Joel
Universite De Dschang
Secretary - Yaounde CRESA
Cameroon
39
African Network for Agriculture, Agroforestry
and Natural Resources Education Secretariat
P.O Box 30677-00 100, Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: +254 20 7224135, 7224000 (operator)
or via USA +1 650 8336645
Fax: +254 20 7224001 or via USA +1 650 8336646
Email: [email protected]
www.anafe-africa.org