K. Yegoryan SENTENCE PATTERNS ALL ABOUT SENTENCE: MY BEST WORKSHEET Sentence is a group of words that form a complete thought (meaning). The two heroes of the Sentence are: Subject and Verb Fragment is an incomplete sentence lacking subject, verb, or both. We start a sentence with Capital Letter and end it with (.) Period Run-On Sentences are two or more sentences that “run on each other” because of lack of punctuation and conjunction. Sentences can be: (TYPES OF SENTENCES) 1. DECLARATIVE (Statements) EX: The students are going to a field trip. 2. INTERROGATIVE (questions) EX: Are you coming? What is it? It’s amazing, isn’t it? 3. IMPERATIVE (orders and requests) EX: Open the door. Open the door please. 4. EXCLAMATORY (emotions and feelings) EX: Oh, what a day! 1 K. Yegoryan Based on their STRUCTURE Sentences can be: 1. SIMPLE These sentences have one complete though. Simple sentences can have more than one subject and verb and are not necessary short. EX: Tom, Sam, and Anna are dancing and singing. 2. COMPLEX These sentences have two or more thoughts (clauses) where one is a Dependent s and one is an Independent sentence. Complex Sentences are formed with Subordinating Conjunctions EX: When Tome came home, Anna was sleeping. Some examples of Subordinating Conjunctions (SC) are: When After Before Although Since If Because While Until As * Punctuation with SC: Never a , before SC SC Dependent , Independent but Independent (no comma) SC Dependent 3. COMPOUND These sentences have two or more thought where ALL are Independent Sentences and are formed with Coordinating Conjunctions. EX: Tom was watching TV, and Anna was washing the dishes. 2 K. Yegoryan The Coordinating Conjunctions (CC) are: For And Nor But Or Yet So • Punctuation with CC Always a , before CC. Independent + , CC + Independent 4. COMPLEX COMPOUND These sentences have three and more thoughts at least 1 Dependent and 2 Independent Sentences/ clauses and are formed with Subordinating and coordinating conjunctions. EX: When Macy’s bought Robinson’s May, the management cut the workforce by 15% , and Anna became unemployed The WORD ORDER in the English Sentence is: Subject + Verb + Object There are 5 main Sentence Patterns 1. SUBJECT + VERB (Intransitive Verb) or SUBJECT + VERB (Intransitive Verb) + ADVERBIAL WORD/ PHRASE EX: The birds fly. The birds fly high in the sky. 2. SUBJECT + VERB (Transitive Verb) + DIRRECT OBJECT or SUBJECT + VERB (Transitive Verb) + DIRRECT OBJECT+ ADVERBIAL WORD/ PHRASE 3 K. Yegoryan EX: I bought a book. The little girl saw a butterfly on the flower. 3. SUBJECT + VERB (Transitive Verb) INDIRRECT OBJECT + DIRRECT OBJECT EX: I wrote him a letter. The teacher assigned them a project. 4. SUBJECT + VERB (Linking Verb) + SUBJECT COMPLEMENT EX: She is beautiful. He seems smart. 5. SUBJECT + VERB (Transitive Verb) + DIRRECT OBJECT + OBJECT COMPLEMENT EX: The jury found him guilty. The company elected Tom the president. Glossary of Terms Adjective – a word that modifies a noun, is used before the noun or after a Linking Verb and forms Subject Complement. ( A nice girl, The girl is nice) Adverbial word/phrase – functions as an adverb and modifies verb, adjective, or other adverb. It answers to questions “How?” “When?” and “Where?” (He is smiling happily. She is a very nice woman. He loves her very much. Yesterday, they went home.) Transitive Verb: an action verb that needs an object to transit its action. It canNOT be used without Direct Object. (I opened the door) 4 K. Yegoryan Intransitive verb – an action verb that CAN be used with no complement. (The birds fly. The sun shines). Linking verb – a verb that requires a subject complement to be complete. Linking verbs are followed by adjective or a noun. (She is nice. He is a doctor.) Linking Verbs are: be (am, is, are, was, were), appear, seem, look, feel, become, grow, etc. Direct Object – a noun/pronoun following a transitive verb; it names the receiver of the verb’s action. It answers to the question “Whom?” and “What?” (I saw her. She bought a book) Indirect object – a noun/pronoun always used only when there is a Direct Object and stands before Direct Object. It names the recipient of the direct object. (I wrote him a letter. She teaches us English) Subject complement –the noun or adjective (word or phrase) that follows a linking verb; it renames or describes the subject. (He seems smart. She is my aunt). Object complement – an adjective or noun (word or phrase), participial, infinitive, that completes the idea of the verb and modifies or renames the direct object. It is always used with Direct Object. (They appointed Tom Chairman. The jury found him guilty. We saw him injured. The captain’s death made the soldiers to surrender). 5