PHYA2 EXTENDED WRITING_Q - Mathematics and Physics Chella
PHYA2 EXTENDED WRITING_Q 98 minutes 95 marks Page 1 of 17 Q1. (a) In an experiment, a narrow beam of white light from a filament lamp is directed at normal incidence at a diffraction grating. Complete the diagram in the figure below to show the light beams transmitted by the grating, showing the zero-order beam and the first-order beams. (3) (b) Light from a star is passed through the grating. Explain how the appearance of the first-order beam can be used to deduce one piece of information about the gases that make up the outer layers of the star. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (2) (c) In an experiment, a laser is used with a diffraction grating of known number of lines per mm to measure the wavelength of the laser light. (i) Draw a labelled diagram of a suitable arrangement to carry out this experiment. (2) Page 2 of 17 (ii) Describe the necessary procedure in order to obtain an accurate and reliable value for the wavelength of the laser light. Your answer should include details of all the measurements and necessary calculations. The quality of your written communication will be assessed in your answer. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... (6) (Total 13 marks) Q2. (a) State Hooke’s law. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... (2) Page 3 of 17 (b) A student is asked to measure the mass of a rock sample using a steel spring, standard masses and a metre rule. She measured the unstretched length of the spring and then set up the arrangement shown in the diagram below. (i) Describe how you would use this arrangement to measure the mass of the rock sample. State the measurements you would make and explain how you would use the measurements to find the mass of the rock sample. The quality of your written communication will be assessed in this question. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. (6) Page 4 of 17 (ii) State and explain one modification you could make to the arrangement in the diagram above to make it more stable. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. (2) (Total 10 marks) Q3. A scientist is going to use a double-slit arrangement to carry out measurements in order to determine the wavelength of light from a laser. Page 5 of 17 (a) The scientist has a double slit of known separation. Describe the measurements that need to be taken and explain how they are used to find the wavelength of the light. Discuss any necessary safety precautions and how you would arrange the apparatus to improve accuracy. The quality of your written communication will be assessed in this question. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... (6) (b) In 1802 Thomas Young used candle light to observe the interference pattern from two narrow slits acting as coherent light sources. Explain what is meant by coherent light sources. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... (2) Page 6 of 17 (c) Sketch and label on the diagram below the arrangement that Young would have used to obtain his interference pattern. (2) (d) State two differences in the appearance of the pattern obtained with a laser and that produced by a white light source such as a candle. Difference 1 .................................................................................................. ...................................................................................................................... Difference 2 .................................................................................................. ....................................................................................................................... (2) (e) Explain how the wave theory of light accounts for the areas on the screen where the intensity is a minimum. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... (2) (Total 14 marks) Page 7 of 17 Q4. A student investigated how the extension of a rubber cord varied with the force used to extend it. She measured the extension for successive increases of the force and then for successive decreases. The diagram below shows a graph of her results. (a) (i) Give a reason why the graph shows the rubber cord does not obey Hooke’s law. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. (1) (ii) Give a reason why the graph shows the rubber cord does not exhibit plastic behaviour. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. (1) (iii) What physical quantity is represented by the area shaded on the graph between the loading curve and the extension axis? ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. (1) Page 8 of 17 (b) Describe, with the aid of a diagram, the procedure and the measurements you would make to carry out this investigation. The quality of your written answer will be assessed in this question. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... (6) (Total 9 marks) Page 9 of 17 Q5. (a) Describe how to obtain, accurately by experiment, the data to determine the Young modulus of a metal wire. A space is provided for a labelled diagram. The quality of your written answer will be assessed in this question. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... (6) Page 10 of 17 (b) The diagram below is a plot of some results from an experiment in which a metal wire was stretched. (i) Draw a best-fit line using the data points. (1) (ii) Use your line to find the Young modulus of the metal, stating an appropriate unit. answer = ...................................... (4) (c) After reaching a strain of 7.7 × 10–3, the wire is to be unloaded. On the diagram above, sketch the line you would expect to obtain for this. (1) (Total 12 marks) Page 11 of 17 Q6. Discuss the formation of stationary waves on a string or rope. Your account should include: • a labelled diagram of a stationary wave • the conditions necessary for stationary waves to form • a definition of the terms node and antinode • an explanation of how nodes and antinodes form. The quality of written communication will be assessed in your answer. (Total 6 marks) Q7. The figure below shows apparatus that can be used to investigate energy changes. The trolley and the mass are joined by an inextensible string. In an experiment to investigate energy changes, the trolley is initially held at rest, and is then released so that the mass falls vertically to the ground. You may be awarded marks for the quality of written communication in your answer. (a) (i) State the energy changes of the falling mass. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. (ii) Describe the energy changes that take place in this system. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. (4) Page 12 of 17 (b) State what measurements would need to be made to investigate the conservation of energy. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... (2) (c) Describe how the measurements in part (b) would be used to investigate the conservation of energy. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... (4) (Total 10 marks) Q8. (a) State the principle of moments. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... (3) Page 13 of 17 (b) (i) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus you would use to verify the principle of moments. (ii) Describe the procedure that would be used and state what measurements are taken. You may be awarded marks for the quality of written communication in your answer. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. (iii) Explain how the results would be used to verify the principle of moments. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. (7) (Total 10 marks) Page 14 of 17 Q9. The diagram represents an experiment that can be used to investigate stopping distances for a moving trolley. The trolley is placed on the raised section of the track. When released it moves down the track and then travels along the horizontal section before colliding with the block. The trolley and block join and move together after the collision. The distance they move is measured. (a) State the main energy changes taking place (i) as the trolley descends, ............................................................................................................. (ii) after the collision, as the trolley and block move together. ............................................................................................................. (2) (b) Describe how the speed of the trolley, just before it collides with the block may be measured experimentally. You may be awarded marks for the quality of written communication in your answer. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... (3) (c) State and explain how the speed of the trolley, prior to impact could be varied. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... (2) (Total 7 marks) Page 15 of 17 Q10. In an experiment to measure the power output of a motor, the motor is used to lift a metal block vertically at constant speed. You may be awarded marks for the quality of written communication in your answers. (a) Describe an experiment to check whether the speed of the rising mass is constant. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... (2) (b) Explain how the output power of the motor is calculated, stating what measurements need to be made. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... (2) (Total 4 marks) Page 16 of 17 Page 17 of 17
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