Managing Fear
Peter Leeson
Q:PIT Ltd
Managing Fear
Can fear be a constructive tool?
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Culture of fear…
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…in all matters…
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…including business.
Goal: 15% increased efficiency
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑅𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑒
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑠
Yearly reviews, bonuses and promotions
are based on whether your organization
has met its goals
If goals are not met, your departmental
budget will be cut
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The Commonality of Fear
• We nearly all suffer of fear of something
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–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Flying
Falling
Closed spaces
Open spaces
Spiders
Being buried alive
Unemployment
Ageing
Solitude
Loss
Death
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Why is Fear Important?
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The Psychology of Fear
Hadephobia
Nosophobia
Xylophobia
Ailurophobia
Xenophobia
Atychiphobia
Ablutophobia
Heliophobia
Agrizoophobia
Dentophobia
Cibophobia Acrophobia
Friggatriskaidekaphobia
Amychophobia
Algophobia
Agyrophobia
Xanthophobia
Halitophobia
Haphephobia Astraphobia Philophobia
Disposophobia
Agraphobia
Agoraphobia Homophobia Anthophobia Pogonophobia Androphobia Trypophobia
Ergophobia Triskaidekaphobia Oikophobia Gerontophobia Ergasiophobia Achluophobia
Aichmophobia Traumatophobia Uranophobia Aquaphobia Arachnophobia Chaetophobia
Ombrophobia Thanatophobia Trypanophobia Phobophobia Autophobia Spectrophobia
Ornithophobia
Gymnophobia Nomophobia Pyrophobia Stygiophobia Barophobia
Tetraphobia Scopophobia Thalassophobia Automatonophobia Aviophobia Erotophobia
Glossophobia Taphophobia Cyberphobia Decidophobia Osmophobia Genophobia
Technophobia
Sesquipedalophobia
Dysmorphophobia
Emetophobia
Tokophobia
Chiroptophobia Radiophobia Kainotophobia Phonophobia Thermophobia Sociophobia
Chemophobia Gerascophobia Frigophobia Globophobia Somniphobia Papaphobia
Ophthalmophobia Turophobia Anthropophobia Chronophobia Panphobia Omphalophobia
Musophobia Obesophobia Hylophobia Chromophobia Pediophobia Melissophobia
Hoplophobia
Claustrophobia
Kakorrhaphiophobia
Pharmacophobia Cleithrophobia
Myrmecophobia Neophobia Nyctophobia Phagophobia Nosocomephobia Coulrophobia
Gynophobia Mysophobia Koumpounophobia Necrophobia Lipophobia Gelotophobia
Hypnophobia Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia Hemophobia Gamophobia Ichthyophobia
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The Psychology of Fear
Hadephobia
Nosophobia
Xylophobia
Ailurophobia
Xenophobia
Atychiphobia
Ablutophobia
Heliophobia
Agrizoophobia
Dentophobia
Cibophobia Acrophobia
Friggatriskaidekaphobia
Amychophobia
Algophobia
Agyrophobia
Xanthophobia
Halitophobia
Haphephobia Astraphobia Philophobia
Disposophobia
Agraphobia
Agoraphobia Homophobia Anthophobia Pogonophobia Androphobia Trypophobia
Ergophobia Triskaidekaphobia Oikophobia Gerontophobia Ergasiophobia Achluophobia
Aichmophobia Traumatophobia Uranophobia Aquaphobia Arachnophobia Chaetophobia
Ombrophobia Thanatophobia Trypanophobia Phobophobia Autophobia Spectrophobia
Ornithophobia
Gymnophobia Nomophobia Pyrophobia Stygiophobia Barophobia
Tetraphobia Scopophobia Thalassophobia Automatonophobia Aviophobia Erotophobia
Glossophobia Taphophobia Cyberphobia Decidophobia Osmophobia Genophobia
Technophobia Sesquipedalophobia Dysmorphophobia
Emetophobia
Tokophobia
Chiroptophobia Radiophobia Kainotophobia Phonophobia Thermophobia Sociophobia
Chemophobia Gerascophobia Frigophobia Globophobia Somniphobia Papaphobia
Ophthalmophobia Turophobia Anthropophobia Chronophobia Panphobia Omphalophobia
Musophobia Obesophobia Hylophobia Chromophobia Pediophobia Melissophobia
Hoplophobia
Claustrophobia
Kakorrhaphiophobia
Pharmacophobia Cleithrophobia
Myrmecophobia Neophobia Nyctophobia Phagophobia Nosocomephobia Coulrophobia
Gynophobia Mysophobia Koumpounophobia Necrophobia Lipophobia Gelotophobia
Hypnophobia Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia Hemophobia Gamophobia Ichthyophobia
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The Psychology of Fear
Hadephobia
Nosophobia
Xylophobia
Ailurophobia Xenophobia Atychiphobia
Ablutophobia
Heliophobia
Agrizoophobia
Dentophobia
Cibophobia Acrophobia
Friggatriskaidekaphobia
Amychophobia
Algophobia
Agyrophobia
Xanthophobia
Halitophobia
Haphephobia Astraphobia Philophobia
Disposophobia
Agraphobia
Agoraphobia Homophobia Anthophobia Pogonophobia Androphobia Trypophobia
Ergophobia Triskaidekaphobia Oikophobia Gerontophobia Ergasiophobia Achluophobia
Aichmophobia Traumatophobia Uranophobia Aquaphobia Arachnophobia Chaetophobia
Ombrophobia Thanatophobia Trypanophobia Phobophobia Autophobia Spectrophobia
Ornithophobia
Gymnophobia Nomophobia Pyrophobia Stygiophobia Barophobia
Tetraphobia Scopophobia Thalassophobia Automatonophobia Aviophobia Erotophobia
Glossophobia Taphophobia Cyberphobia Decidophobia Osmophobia Genophobia
Technophobia
Sesquipedalophobia
Dysmorphophobia
Emetophobia
Tokophobia
Chiroptophobia Radiophobia Kainotophobia Phonophobia Thermophobia Sociophobia
Chemophobia Gerascophobia Frigophobia Globophobia Somniphobia Papaphobia
Ophthalmophobia Turophobia Anthropophobia Chronophobia Panphobia Omphalophobia
Musophobia Obesophobia Hylophobia Chromophobia Pediophobia Melissophobia
Hoplophobia
Claustrophobia
Kakorrhaphiophobia
Pharmacophobia Cleithrophobia
Myrmecophobia Neophobia Nyctophobia Phagophobia Nosocomephobia Coulrophobia
Gynophobia Mysophobia Koumpounophobia Necrophobia Lipophobia Gelotophobia
Hypnophobia Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia Hemophobia Gamophobia Ichthyophobia
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The Psychology of Fear
Hadephobia
Nosophobia
Xylophobia
Ailurophobia
Xenophobia Atychiphobia
Ablutophobia
Heliophobia
Agrizoophobia
Dentophobia
Cibophobia Acrophobia
Friggatriskaidekaphobia
Amychophobia
Algophobia
Agyrophobia
Xanthophobia
Halitophobia
Haphephobia Astraphobia Philophobia
Disposophobia
Agraphobia
Agoraphobia Homophobia Anthophobia Pogonophobia Androphobia Trypophobia
Ergophobia Triskaidekaphobia Oikophobia Gerontophobia Ergasiophobia Achluophobia
Aichmophobia Traumatophobia Uranophobia Aquaphobia Arachnophobia Chaetophobia
Ombrophobia Thanatophobia Trypanophobia Phobophobia Autophobia Spectrophobia
Ornithophobia
Gymnophobia Nomophobia Pyrophobia Stygiophobia Barophobia
Tetraphobia Scopophobia Thalassophobia Automatonophobia Aviophobia Erotophobia
Glossophobia Taphophobia Cyberphobia Decidophobia Osmophobia Genophobia
Dysmorphophobia
Emetophobia
Tokophobia
Technophobia Sesquipedalophobia
Chiroptophobia Radiophobia Kainotophobia Phonophobia Thermophobia Sociophobia
Chemophobia Gerascophobia Frigophobia Globophobia Somniphobia Papaphobia
Ophthalmophobia Turophobia Anthropophobia Chronophobia Panphobia Omphalophobia
Musophobia Obesophobia Hylophobia Chromophobia Pediophobia Melissophobia
Hoplophobia
Claustrophobia Kakorrhaphiophobia Pharmacophobia Cleithrophobia
Myrmecophobia Neophobia Nyctophobia Phagophobia Nosocomephobia Coulrophobia
Gynophobia Mysophobia Koumpounophobia Necrophobia Lipophobia Gelotophobia
Hypnophobia Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia Hemophobia Gamophobia Ichthyophobia
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Types of Fear
• Unknown
– Technology
– Change
• Own limits
– Discovery
– Control
• Cartoon animals
• Memories
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Treating Fear
• Fear can be a paralysing force; blocking progress
• Fear has nearly always been seen as negative
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Meet Dr. W. Edwards Deming
• Often quoted
• Rarely read
First published 1982
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14 Points for
Effective Management
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11a.
11b.
Create constancy of purpose
Adopt the new philosophy
Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality
End the practice of awarding business on the basis of price only
Improve constantly and forever the system
Institute training on the job
Institute leadership
Drive out fear so that everyone may work effectively
Break down barriers between departments
Eliminate slogans, exhortations and targets for the work force
Eliminate work standards and quotas – substitute leadership
Eliminate management by objective, numbers, numerical goals – substitute
leadership
12a. Remove barriers that rob the worker of his right to pride of workmanship
12b. Remove barriers that rob people in management of their right to pride of
workmanship
13. Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement
14. Put everybody in the company to work to accomplish the transformation
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Studies of Fear
• Two main areas:
– The origin of fear
• Childhood trauma
• Evolutionary remnants
• Lack of understanding
– Overcoming fear
• Psychology
• Hypnosis
• Medication
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Medically Overcoming Fear?
D-cycloserine (DCS) slots into part of the MNDA receptors
in the brain – which modulate the neurones’ ability to
adjust their signalling to in response to events
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More Precisely…
• The MNDA tunes the firing of neurons, which is
one of the key ways for the brain to store
memories
• At very low doses, DCS boosts that process,
improving our ability to learn
• This strengthens the response to traditional
therapy for fears and phobia
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Overcoming Fear
• Education
– If you understand the life, motivation and appetites
of spiders, you will not be afraid of them
– If you understand the principles of avionics and
aerodynamics, you will be less afraid of flying
– If you understand why the process is necessary and
that it is not just bureaucracy, you are more likely to
accept it
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Overcoming Fear
• Support
– Try to understand why people are afraid of the
change, of the new technology – talk to them but
(more importantly) listen to them
– Stand by them and show how it helps and supports
– Take time
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So, Fear is Bad?
• Can fear be completely eliminated?
• Should fear be eliminated?
• Should such a powerful force be eliminated?
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Should a force this powerful be stopped,
or can we use it?
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A Practical Example
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Steve Jobs and…
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Steve Jobs and Music
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Steve Jobs and Phones
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Steve Jobs and Computers
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Managing Fear
• Fear is a powerful force
• Imagine what you could do if…
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Using Fear
• Fear is a powerful force and needs to be
understood and used
• Without fear, we would never have built houses
• Without fear, Alan Turing would never have had
the funding to build the Colossus computer
• Without fear, no progress would have been
possible
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Fundamentals of Success
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Strong leadership
Sense of urgency
Vision of success
Communication
Empowerment
Regular improvements
Consolidating gains
Encouraging change
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Sense of Urgency?
• “Help others see the need for change and they
will be convinced of the importance of acting
immediately”
(KotterInternational.com)
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The Three Organizations: P, F and I
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The Three Organizations
• P: Private company, developing electronic
components and firmware. CMMI for software
aspects only – approximately 20 people
concerned
• F: Government revenue agency for a Western
European nation – software department,
approximately 100 people
• I: Near-shore software development firm in
Central Europe – approximately 150 people
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The Commonalities
• All three organizations believe themselves to be
a solid CMMI® Maturity Level 2, aiming for ML3
• All three organizations “failed” their first class C
appraisal, showing them to be ML1
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The Opening Question
• Why are you doing this?
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The External Investment / Cost
• P: one Class-C appraisal
• I: two Class-A appraisals, approximately 12
hours of training and workshops over 2 years
• F: one full time process consultant for a period
of 3 years, 3 Class-C appraisals
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The Fears:? F
• Employment
– Job guarantee
– Good pension
– Promotion based on years service
• Client Base
– They have no choice where to pay their taxes
• Decision Making
– Political and hierarchical – don’t get noticed
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The Fears: P
• Management
– Patriarchal and authoritarian structure
– Do not take criticism lightly
• Customer base
– Good electronics
– Specialized and experienced with little competition
• Employment
– Few local possibilities
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The Fears: I
• Client base
– They come to us rather than locally because we are
cheaper, they will be happy to go somewhere even
cheaper
• Employment
– Dynamic IT area with a lot of small organizations and
employment opportunities for the best
• Management
– Remote
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The Outcomes
• F: No change
• P: Middle management decided not to
communicate negative results; demoralization
of staff who were asked to express their opinion
• I: You heard it, if you were here this morning
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Business Effective Fear
• Fear is an vital response to physical and
emotional danger
• It allows defence and action
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The Positive Use of Fear
• There are a number of fears which will benefit
your work and your company
• Use them wisely
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Global Market
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Progress
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New Ways of Working
Illustration from CMMI Institute
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Service Level Continuity
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The Expensive Error
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Rising Costs
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Cheap Labour
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Manage your Fears
• “Men are not afraid of things, but of
how they view them”
• Epictetus (Ἐπίκτητος; AD c. 55-13)
• “If you are pained by external things, it is not
they that disturb you, but your own judgement
of them. And it is in your power
to wipe out that judgement now.”
• Emperor Marcus Aurelius (AD 121-180)
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Conclusion?
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Q&A
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Contact Information
• Peter Leeson
– Q:PIT Ltd
PO Box 6066
Milton Keynes
MK1 9BH
United Kingdom
– Tel: +44 (0)20 8433 4120
– Mobile/Cell: +44 (0)773 998 98 67
– E Mail: [email protected]
– Skype: qpitpjl
– Internet: http://www.qpit.net
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