Webina r
18 March 2015
Renewable Energy in the
Manufacturing Sector: The Next
Frontier
RE for Productive Uses in Africa
Linus Mofor
Africa n Clima te Policy Centre
UNECA, Addis Aba ba , Ethiopia
Outline
• About the UN Economic Commission for Africa
(UNECA)
• Current uses of renewables for productive
applications in Africa; some sectoral examples
• Opportunities going forward – the African
structural transformation agenda
• Conclusion – key messages
About UNECA
• The only UN institution mandated to operate at the
regional and subregional levels to harness resources
and bring them to bear on Africa's priorities
• Champions the African structural transformation and
green growth agenda
• Various divisions, including Special Initiatives (SID)
• SID:
 ACPC – Hub for demand-led knowledge generation
on climate change in Africa
 AMDC, NTI, GENR
RE for Productive Uses in Africa
Current Use of RE for Productive Applica tions in Africa
•
6 Mtoe (252 PJ) in agricultural sector
•
22 (924 PJ) Mtoe in services sector – mainly telecoms
Source: IEA Africa Energy Outlook 2014
Cement
Cement
134,811 ktonnes cement (2009)
Energy Requirements
Dry processing: 2.93 – 4.6 GJ/tonne clinker
Wet processing: 5.86 – 6.28 GJ/tonne clinker
Technology mix in Africa: 67% dry processing; 24% wet
processing; 9% semi-dry processing with average heat
requirement of 3.82 GJ/tonne
Renewable energy use Up to 40% of coal and HFO consumption can be substituted
and substitution
with waste biomass and dedicated biomass
potential
50% or more of the electricity used can be substituted by
renewable electrification in large-scale, grid- connected
installations that ensure reliability of supply.
Aluminium
Production
1,876 ktonnes (2009)
Energy Requirements
Electricity: 13.5 – 17 MWh/tonne Al
Natural gas or fuel oil: 2.5 MJ/kg Al
E.g. South Africa and Nigeria use coal-based and gas-based
power
Cameroon uses hydropower
Renewable energy use
More than 50% of the electricity requirements of aluminium
and substitution potential smelting in Africa is already met with large-scale hydropower.
Potential for small-scale, off-grid renewable electrification for
non-process electricity in fossil-based smelters in South Africa
Appreciable volumes of biomass would need to be sourced
and transported to the smelter as a replacement fuel for
furnaces
Sugar
Production
99,074 ktonne sugar cane (2009)
Energy Requirements
0.5 – 0.87 GJ/tonne
Renewable energy use • Bagasse use can be optimised in co-generation facilities to
and substitution
meet 100% of energy demand and provide export
potential
electricity
• Solar thermal technologies for air and boiler water preheating or steam generation could potentially be applied to
this sector
• Small-scale, off-grid renewable electrification may be
applied in this sector and represents a substitution
potential
Bagasse co-generation plant in Kenya
Other examples in Mauritius, Swaziland, Uganda, etc
RE in Industry
Opportunities Going Forwa rd in Africa
African Structural Transformation Agenda
•
New dynamic for structural transformation and green
growth in Africa – greening Africa’s industrialisation
•
Offers huge opportunities for RE use in industry
•
How to best use Africa’s biomass resources for this?
•
But:
 Energy efficiency in industry must be addressed
 Need increased awareness of opportunities and business
cases
 Above all, need policies and incentives to mainstream
low-carbon energy systems in the industrialisation
agenda
 Best opportunities in agro processing and mining
Across the agro processing sector huge potential for
energy from residues in unutilised
Conclusion
Key Messages
•
Large potential across Africa for renewable energy to
substitute for fossil-based energy in productive sectors
such as agro-processing, as well as heavy energy-use
sectors, such as mining, cement and aluminium
production
•
However, estimating the potential for renewable energy
substitution is not only industry-specific, but also highly
site-specific, requiring knowledge of the energy
requirements as well as the availability of renewable
resources at each particular industrial location
•
Heavy industries, such as aluminium and cement production,
are better suited to grid-connected renewables
•
Hydropower or large biomass facilities preferable for heavy
and continuous power demand from large industries to avoid
resource and power-output variability
•
Governments need to provide the right framework to
accelerate the transition to use of renewable power in the
heavy industries - some of which are currently benefitting
from heavily susidised conventional electricity
• Although the supply of energy from the grid in many
African countries is already dominated by hydropower,
smaller-scale generation facilities show great potential to
produce local, off-grid renewable energy supply for
productive uses, especially in the agricultural sector
• The potential of the agro processing and forestry sectors is
highly under-utilised
• The African structural transformation and green growth
agenda provides substantial opportunities in the agro and
mining sectors
• This needs strong policy support and promotion of best
practices
Tha nk you
www.uneca.org
[email protected]