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Color Fundamentals
For Dentistry
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What is Color?
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Physiology of Color Perception
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Physiology of Color Perception
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Active or Additive Color
Frequency of Light is transmitted
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Passive or Subtractive Color
Frequencies of light absorbed except
reflected color
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Practical Aspects
•PFM Crowns use subtractive
stains-often too high in value
•All-Porcelain Crowns use additive
color and subtractive color
•Inexperienced labs too low in
value-can raise value w cements
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Munsell System
•Hue
•Chroma
•Value
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Hue
Wavelength of Dominant Hue
700 nm
400 nm
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Chroma
Saturation of Dominant Hue
Low Chroma
High Chroma
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Value
Reflectivity or Grayness of the Hue
Low Value
High Value
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Value
Black and White View
Low Value
High Value
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Similar Values
Color View
Different Hues
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Similar Values
Black & White View
Chroma Removed
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Hue
Wavelength of Dominant Hue
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Chroma
Intensity of Dominant Hue
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Value
Brightness or Amount of Gray
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Practical Aspects
•Most important aspect is value
•Match value of adjacent teeth
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RGB Color
•Transmitted Color
•Used by television monitors
•Cone receptors in eyes
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RGB Color
White Television Screen
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RGB White=All Hues
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CMYK Color
•Reflected Color
•Used by printers
•Film color negatives
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CMYK Black=All Hues
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LAB Color
•“L”=Black
•“A”=Green-Red
•“B”=Blue-Yellow
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LAB Color-”L”
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LAB Color-”A”
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LAB Color-”B”
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Practical Aspects
•Use VITA 3-D Shade System
•Select Value First, Chroma
Second, Then Hue
•Use multiple light sources
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Metamerism
• Colors appear different when viewed with
varying light sources
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Metamerism
VITA Shade Guides-Camera Flash
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Metamerism
VITA Shade Guides-Outside Clouds
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Metamerism
VITA Shade Guides-Fluorescent Lights
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Metamerism
VITA Shade Guides-Incandescent Lights
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Metamerism
Different Lighting-Similar Values
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Metamerism
Hue Removed Similar Values
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Practical Aspects
•Use multiple light sources
•Ideally use 5500 Kelvin light
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Complimentary Colors
To neutralize hue add comp color
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Complimentary Colors
Result is decreased chroma, diminished
value
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Complimentary Colors
Cyan-Red
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Complimentary Colors
Yellow-Purple
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Complimentary Colors
Magenta-Green
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Practical Aspects
•If tooth too yellow add purple
(complimentary color)
•Result is changed hue, decreased
value
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