Harri Liukku Vaasa Energy week 03/2014
Demand Response in Buildings and
Homes
© ABB Group
March 24, 2015 | Slide 1
Smart Grid
Integration of renewables
efficient long
distance
transmission
increasing grid capacity
and stability
balance load to
supply
§ spinning reserve
§ energy storage
balance load to supply
§ demand response
balance load to
supply
§ spinning reserve
§ energy storage
remote monitoring and control
of wind farms
remote monitoring and
control of solar farms
A Smart Grid is an evolved grid system that manages electricity demand in a sustainable, reliable and economic
manner, built on advanced infrastructure and tuned to facilitate the integration of all involved.
A Smart Grid utilizes bidirectional digital communications to balance power production and actual power
consumption, thus enhancing the efficiency and reliability of the entire power supply.
Smard Grid Architecture Model
BACnet, KNX, Lon, Modbus,
M-bus, Profibus etc
CIM – model The Common Information Model (CIM) describes the electrical characteristics of the electrical network’s
individual components as well as their relation to each other. CIM simplifies the exchange of information by defining a
common language at the interface between the participating applications and systems.
© ABB Group
March 24, 2015 | Slide 3
Background of CIM-model
© ABB Group
March 24, 2015 | Slide 4
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CIM consists of SOAP, IEC 61968-100 and IEC 61968-9
(Meter Reading and Control)
§
Defined in the SGEM by the Kalasatama technical
consortium (ABB, Fingrid, Helen, HSV, Mitox)
Demand Response
© ABB Group
March 24, 2015 | Slide 5
§
In future smart grids enable two-way data transfer between
distribution network and customer.
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Demand response has the potential to increase the overall
efficiency of the power system. Generation and network
infrastructure have to be planned according to the
maximum power demand. Shifting consumption away from
peak hours could, therefore, help reduce the need for
network and generation investments.
§
Participating customers could benefit from lower electricity
bills if they adjust their electricity consumption in response
to the time-varying rates or incentive payments. The need
to increase the sustainability of the power system has
increased the emphasis on demand response.
§
Shifting consumption from peak to off-peak hours may
reduce the environmental impacts of electricity use
because the peak demand is often supplied with fossil
fuels.
Demand Response at Residential
houses
Demand Response at Residential Houses
§
What kind of benefits DR could give to the end user?
§
Lower electricity bill at time-varying rates ( avoid peak hours)
§
Local power production means less purchase energy
§
§
Reducing Peak loads enables smaller grid connection less
costly
§
§
© ABB Group
March 24, 2015 | Slide 7
Use of renewable energy, solar, wind, energy storage,
biofuel, small chp, heatpumps
Electrical vehicle charging needs smart control
Power based distribution tariffs gives incentives also to DSO
(demand response tools)
§
Demand response needs also a chance of consumers behavior
§
A real time information as feedback is needed
Load shifting example at a residential house
§Loads
are shifted to
a period of cheaper
electricity price via a
delayed start
§In
Finland possible
controllable load for
electrical heating,
water boiler control
> 1000 MW
AMR meter vs.
HEMS
§
© ABB Group
March 24, 2015 | Slide 8
Smart Grid example at a residential house
Energy Management System
§Without smart
§Single
household
with 4 occupants
§Annual
consumption
25000 kWh
§Electricity
price
profile and weather
are known in advance
§Same
energy
consumption in both
cases
§Electricity
cost is
reduced by almost
20% by shifting
several loads such as
water heater,
washing machine,
etc. to the period of
lowest electricity price
© ABB Group
March 24,
2015 | Slide
9
EMS function
§With
smart EMS function
First Smart Grid- solution with a use of CIM-model at
Kalasatama apartments
95 flats + 48 Electrical Vehicle load station.
ABB:n solution
Advanced data collection and data exchange platform
for apartment and building automation data.
Interface to service providers via CIM-data model .
KNX-automation at apartments
§©
ABB Group
§March
24, 2015 | Slide 10
Ø
18 controllable loads, home away-switch and hot/cold
water consumption measurements.
Ø
Measured and controlled vehicle outlets
Ø
Wiring accessories and Näpsä-electricity cabinets
Example of an apartment automation solution
§
§
§
§
IP-Gateway
§
Two way control possibility to data
management
§
Energy monitoring
§
Home away-control switch
15 control circuit 16A with energy measurement
§
6 lighting groups
§
8 Controllable electrical loads
© ABB Group
March 24, 2015 | Slide 11
Washing machines
§
Owen
§
Heater
§
Socket outles
Heating and ventilation control
§
Room thermostat/room
§
Valve control/room
§
Ventilation control
Time switch 2 channels
§
§
§
Normal/decreased temperature of living room
and bedroom thermostat
Panel board with IT-cabin
ABB Oy, Harri Liukku 16.9.2013
Demand Response in the Buildings
Demand Response at Buildings
§
What kind of benefits DR could give in commercial buildings?
§
Controllable loads could be used as a ( avoid peak hours and
peak loads)
§
Local power production means less purchase energy
§
§
§
Reduces grid connection costs and fees
§
nZEB- Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
§
LEED points
§
Continuous measurement of power consumption
Maximse the potential of Demand repsonse the bulding
automation shall be connected
§
§
© ABB Group
March 24, 2015 | Slide 13
Use of renewable energy solar, wind, energy storage
Different DR control structures needed -> DR types
A real time information is needed and contract Management
Smart Building in Smart Grid
Remote access
-
Supervisory control of network
Electricity network controls
Event log and Alarm handling
Solar system monitor
EV charging system
Measurement and Trends
Stand-by supply and UPS
systems alarms
Reports and anysis
HVAC connection
GPS timestamp
GSM Alarms
VPN Firewall
Network (Ring)
IP Router
UPS systems
Solar systems
Eletrical Veshicles
§Dimming
Field level
§FFT
10
§FCU
§Beam
§VAV
§Switching
§Chiller
§TP
Main panelboard 0,4kV
LV Circuit Breakers
Network Analysers
Energy measurement
/ TP
Transformer, 20/0,4kV
Controls and Alarms
§MS
System level
Information level
Management
SCADA -Station
-
GSM alarms
§RTC
§Blind
§Presence
Detection
§Dali
§SMI
HVAC production
& Generating
Regulation & control
© ABB Group
March 24, 2015 | Slide 14
Lights & blinds &
room orientated
temperature control
© ABB Group
March 24, 2015 | Slide 15