1. No category

Investigation and Evaluation of High-Rise
Buildings – Passive house
A comparison of ECO Silver House in
Different Climates
Dr. Mohsen Soleimani-Mohseni, Umeå University
Energy Week Meeting, 19th March 2015, Finland, Wasa
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Umeå University
Applied Physics and Electronics (TFE)
Undergraduate (50% of turnover, 720HST)
- Master of Science (5 year programs)
- Energy Technology
- Interaction and Design
Bachelor Programs (3 year programs)
- Civil Engineering
- Electronics and Computer Engineering
- Energy Engineering
- Mechanical Engineering
- Media Technology
Master program
- Robotics and Control
Research (50% of turnover, 30 PhD-students)
- Energy Technology and Thermal Process
Chemistry
- Energy Efficiency with a focus on buildings
- Automatic Control and Robotics
- Signal processing with a focus on media
technology
- Applied Electronics with specialization in
- Embedded Systems
- Signal processing with emphasis on interface
Research in energy efficiency
with a focus on buildings
Energy efficiency and
performance of buildings
Research Staff
Ingrid Allard, PhD- student
Staffan Andersson, Senior Lecturer
Christian Brembilla, PhD- student
Åke Fransson, Senior Lecturer
Gireesh Nair, Senior Lecturer
Anders Ohlsson, Assistant Professor
Thomas Olofsson, Professor
Mohsen Soleimani-Mohseni, Senior Lecturer
Bin Yang, Assistant Professor
Jimmy Vesterberg, PhD- student
Anders Åstrand, Senior Lecturer
Ronny Östin, Senior Lecturer
On going research projects, spring 2015
-
Strategic funding for research in energy efficiency
-
Sustainable Ålidhem (PhD-student + Senior researchers)
Sustainable Buildings in the High North (PhD-student + Senior researchers)
New method for measuring heat loss from buildings
Multi disciplinary investigation, Test bed Umeå
Energy Efficient High Rise Buildings
Nordic Built project
SIRen
Network for sustainable construction in cold climate
Indoor air quality survey and measurements
-
Professor, Assistant Professor, PhD-student
Other research collaborations
Högskolan Dalarna, Research School, Reesbe
Umeå School of Architecture
Mid-Sweden University
Outline
Introduction
Background of the project
Purposes and objectives
ECO Silver House
PHPP och IDA ICE
Passive house
European passive house standard
Local rules
Input data
Results
Other high-rise passive buildings in Europe
Attitude towards living in high-rise buildings
Conclusions
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Introduction
The Project EE-HIGHRISE has started in order to
contribute to EU:s climate goals
Buildings stand for 40 % of the worlds total energy use
Passive buildings have up to 80 % lower energy use than
conventional buildings
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Objectives of EE-HIGHRISE
EE-HIGHRISE goals (some)
ECO Silver House
Construction the modell
Follow up measurements
Dissemination of knowledge, competence and
experience about energy-efficient buildings
Co-operation between Slovenia, Sweden, Austria, Great
Britain, Italy och Croatia
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Objectives of EE-HIGHRISE,
cont.
"The overall objective of the project is to demonstrate and
validate new technologies, new concepts and new
systems used in the project EE-HIGH RISE, to test and
evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of
innovative energy solutions in ECO Silver House"
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Main objective of WP 5
"The objective of this WP is to develop EU EE high rise
cost effective building model with high market deployment
possibilities. The models will be developed for
architectural EE and RES design, HVAC system and
control system. Regional specific models will be adapted
to different scenarios for Mediterranean and Central
Europe"
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Task 5.1 and related DOW in WP 5
Task 5.1:
Architectural energy efficient model (Task leader:
AKROPOLA, partners involved: all partners)
DOW 5.1:
Architectural energy efficient model: - Incorporation of all
knowledge acquired under EE-HIGHRISE project into a
high quality high rise building model design - Preparation of
architectural design guidelines (location, architectural
solutions) - Architectural energy efficient interactive model
in BIM [month 36]
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Task 5.2 and related DOW in WP 5
Task 5.2:
HVAC system model (Task leader: REMTY, partners
involved: all partners)
DOW 5.2:
HVAC system model: - HVAC system model for different
climate conditions and energy sources – Basis for development
of an effective system for manipulating smaller amounts of energy Preparation of data for a database webpage to architects and design
engineers - Assessment of all possible alternative energy sources for
heating, hot sanitary water and electricity, considering different climate
areas and locations of the building [month 36]
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Task 5.3 and related DOW in WP 5
Task 5.3:
Control system model (Task leader: ROBOTINA, partners
involved: all partners)
DOW 5.3:
Functional specifications for multilingual version of GUI:
National and international standardization and achieving
local certificates - Multilingual version of operation system
for GUI, that should enable fast and simple adjustments for
other countries. It should also cover different scripts [month
36]
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Task 5.3 and related DOW in WP 5
DOW 5.4:
Functional specifications for special modules: - Special
modules to cover the specific tasks regarding control of
standardized elements such as ventilation system, cooling
and heating system in connection with open windows
sensors, room/apartment occupation, weather report and
modules to cover specific user’s needs: elderly,
handicapped, children.[month 30]
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Task 5.4 and related DOW in WP 5
Task 5.4:
Regional specific models (Mediterranean, Central
European and Scandinavian high rise model) (Task leader:
UMEA, partners involved: all partners)
DOW 5.5:
Climate specific models: Adaptation to the region’s variety
regulations, building types, climate zones and cultures of
the different countries [month 36]
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
More about task 5.4 and DOW 5.5
Simulations
Investigate about passive compliance in different countries
Examining insulation thicknesses in different countries
Comparing the results in PHPP and IDA ICE
Literature survey
Investigate similar projects in Europe
Investigating the acceptability of living in high-rise buildings
in different parts of Europe
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Limitations
Six countries in Europe, PHPP
Slovenia, Ljubljana
Sweden, Stockholm
Austria, Wien
Great Britain, London
Italy, Rom
Croatia, Buzet
Two countries in Europe, IDA ICE
Slovenia, Ljubljana
Sweden, Stockholm
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
ECO Silver House
In central of Ljubljana, Slovenia
17 floors
128 flats
12 870 m² heated area
Heated with disrict heating
Cooling with el
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
ECO Silver House
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
ECO Silver House
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
PHPP
Developed by ”Passivhaus Institute” in Germany
Used to certify passive buildings
Excelbased program
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
IDA ICE
The program estimates the thermal indoor climate and the
building's total energy use
It is possible to import drawings from different CAD
programs
It is possible to divide the building into different zones to
ensure energy flows between these
Climate data is built into the program
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Passive house
Developed in Germany in the early 90s
The Passive House standard is achieved by maximizing
energy gains while energy losses are minimized
Good insulation
Low U-values of windows and walls
Reducing air leakage through the building envelope
Heat recovery ventilation and DHW
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
European passive-house standard
Annual heating demanda
[kWh/m2]
Annual cooling demand
[kWh/m2]
Power demand - heating
[W/m2]
Power demand - cooling
[W/m²]
Primary energyb [kWh/m2·år]
120
Overheating frequency [%]
10
15
15 + 0,3·DDH
10
10
a Space heating demand + domestic hot water use
b Space heating demand + domestic hot water use + electricity use + auxiliary electricity use
City
Slovenia
Sweden
Austria
UK
Italy
Croatia
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
DDH
3,33
0
0
0
13,33
6,67
Annual cooling demand
16
15
15
15
19
17
Other major criterion to achieve the European passive house standard are as follows:
The U-values of the windows should be ≤ 0.8 W/(m²·K), and the solar energy
transmittance of the windows, g, must exceed 50 %
The efficiency of the heat exchanger has to be at least 75 %
The air tightness at pressure test of +/-50 Pa cannot be over 0.6 h-1
The frequency of overheating can only be 10 % during the year, overheating is when
the temperature exceeds 25 °C
The thermal envelope has to have an U-value below 0.15 W/(m²·K)
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
ECO Silver House
Exterior wall
Mainly consists of brick and concrete. The material
of the insulation is mineral wool and has a thickness
ranging from 100-200 mm.
Average U-value of the wall:0,172 [W/ m2·K]
U-value of insulation: 0.036 [W/ m2·K]
Area: 4716 m2
Roof/Ceiling
Mainly consists of brick and concrete. The material
of the insulation is mineral wool and has a thickness
ranging from 140-300 mm.
0,139 [W/ m2·K]
Area:1976
Windows
3 layer glazing.
Ventilation
Heat recovery system placed inside the thermal
Envelope. No self-ventilation to save energy.
0.89 [W/ m2·K]
Area: 3152 m2
Efficiency of 83 %
Heating
Heated by district heating
Primary energy factor 1.1
Cooling
Cooled by electric heat pump.
Primary energy factor 2.5
Hot water
Heated by district heating, a heat exchanger is recycling
the used hot water for heating the building.
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Local rules
Sweden
FEBY, BBR
Great Britain
Approved documents, European passive house standard
Austria
Klima:Aktiv
Italy
Minergie, CasaClima, European passive house standard
Croatia
European passive house standard
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Input data for PHPP
Dimensioned
indoor
temperature [°C]
Household
electricity use
[kWh/m2a]
Domestic hot
water use
Number of
occupants in the
building
[persons]
Ventilation rate
Ventilation flow
DHW
El
Primary energy factors
Type of heating/cooling source
Climate data
Internal heat
gains [W/m2]
a
Europe
20a
Swedenb
20
22
30
25 [l/p·day] a
25 [kWh/m2, year]
368
368
30
[m3/(person·h)] a
2.1 a
0.35 [l/(m2·s)]
2.1
are standard values in PHPP when planning a passive house in Europe.
values from Sveby and BBR.
b Recommended
PEF,
electricitya
[kWh/kWh]
Slovenia
2.5 (20)
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Sweden
1.5 (24)
Austria
2.62 (25)
United Kingdom
3.07 (26)
Italy
2.37 (27)
Croatia
3.0 (28)
IDA ICE
Data from PHPP
Drawings of the ECO Silver House were available
Simplification made in the construction of the model
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Modell i IDA ICE
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Results from PHPP
Annual
heating
demand
[kWh/m2]
Power
demand
Heating
[W/m2]
Annual
cooling
demand
[kWh/m2]
Power
demand
cooling
[W/m2]
Primary
energy
[kWh/(m2·år)]
Ljubljana
Stockholm
Vienna
(centrum)
London
Rome
Buzet
European
passive house
requirement
19
28
18
13
1
12
15
13
16
13
8
5
11
10
2
1
3
0
18
7
15 + factor for
dehumidification
7
6
8
3
7
7
10
101 (DH)
98 (DH)
111 (DH)
111 (DH)
90 (DH)
113 (DH)
151 (El)
172 (El)
170 (El)
170 (El)
112 (El)
170 (El)
120 (Gas)
120 (Gas) 91 (Gas)
102 (Gas) 109 (Gas)
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
114 (Gas)
120
Results from PHPP
60
kWh/m2
50
40
30
20
10
Sweden
Slovenia
Annual heating demand
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Austria
UK
Italy
Buzet
Catanzaro
Milano
Rome
London
Sutton
Carlisle
Vienna
Dornbirn
Linz
Ljubljana
Lund
Stockholm
Kiruna
0
Croatia
European Passive House requirement
Results from PHPP
20
15
10
5
Sweden
Slovenia
Austria
UK
Heating load
European Passive House requirement
Swedish Passive House requirement
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Italy
Buzet
Catanzaro
Milano
Rome
London
Sutton
Carlisle
Vienna
Dornbirn
Linz
Ljubljana
Lund
Stockholm
0
Kiruna
W/m2
Power – demand heating
25
Croatia
Sweden Slovenia Austria
Annual cooling demand
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
UK
Italy
Buzet
Catanzaro
Milano
Rome
London
Sutton
Carlisle
Vienna
Dornbirn
Linz
Ljubljana
Lund
Stockholm
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Kiruna
kWh/m2
Results from PHPP
Croatia
European Passive House requirement
W/m2
Results from PHPP
12
10
6
4
2
Sweden Slovenia
Cooling load
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Austria
UK
Italy
Buzet
Catanzaro
Milano
Rome
London
Sutton
Carlisle
Vienna
Dornbirn
Linz
Ljubljana
Lund
Stockholm
0
Kiruna
Power – demand cooling
8
Croatia
European Passive House requirement
Results from PHPP
250
200
150
100
50
Austria
3
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
2,5
UK
2
1,5
1,1
Italy
1
Buzet
Catanzaro
Milano
Rome
London
Sutton
Carlisle
Vienna
Linz
Dornbirn
0
Croatia
Requirement (kWh/m2,year)
Summary of results
Ljubljana
Kiruna
Stockholm
Lund
Linz
Dornbirn
Vienna
Carlisle
Sutton
London
Rome
Milano
Catanzaro
Buzet
Annual
heating
demand
[kWh/m²]
19
53
28
24
21
21
18
17
16
12
1
14
0
12
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
û
û
û
û
û
û
û
û
û
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
Heating load
[W/m²]
13
û
23
û
û
16
û
13
û
12
ü
10
û
13
ü
10
10
ü
8
ü
ü
5
ü
9
ü
5
û
11
Annual
cooling
demand
[kWh/m²]
2
0
1
0
1
1
3
0
0
0
18
6
18
7
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
û
ü
Cooling
load [W/m²]
7 ü
2 ü
6 ü
3 ü
8 ü
7 ü
8 ü
0 ü
2 ü
3 ü
7 ü
7 ü
9 ü
7 ü
Primary
energy
[kWh/m²]
105
118
97
93
Fulfilling the
European Passive
House Requirement?
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
To meet Passive House criteria, some countries must reduce insulation
while other countries need to increase insulation and/or install more
efficient heat recovery
One example of such measures are:
Wien
Heat recovery with 91 % efficiency
or
Adding 10 cm insulation on every external wall
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Comparisons between the results
from PHPP och IDA ICE
Stockholm, Stockholm, IDA Ljubljana, PHPP
PHPP ICE
Ljubljana, IDA
ICE
Annual heating demand
[kWh/m2]
28
28
19
18
Annual cooling demand
[kWh/m2]
1
9
2
8
133
160
105
105
Primary Energy [kWh/(m2)]
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Seglet – Karlstad, Sweden
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
RHW.2 – Wien, Austria
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Renovated passive house
Freiburg,Tyskland
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Acceptance of living in highrisebuildings
In north and vest Europe: more skeptical
In south and east: more usual to live in Highrisebuildings
In central Europe: Development of constructing
more highrise buildings
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Discussion
Reason for difference between PHPP och IDA
ICE
Shading of windows
Ratio of windows and exterior wall area
Improvement of the model is required
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Conclusions
Passive House requirements are achieved when ECO
Silver House is placed in the
London
Rome
Buzet
Passive House requirements are not met when the ECO
Silver House is placed in the
Stockholm
Vienna
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Conclusions
Possible to achieve passive house requirements in
Vienna
Not profitable to place the building in Sweden
Possible to reduce the insulation thickness in some
countries
The difference between the PHPP and IDA ICE is small
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme
Thank you!
The project is financially supported
by the European Commission
through the FP7 Programme