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2015
OSLO
Storage
New
Protection Options
NFPA 13, 2016 edition,
and Beyond
Michael Billstroem
Director of International Technical Services
© 2015 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
2
R 2013 Edition
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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o
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
2013 Edition
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Commodity Classification
Based on makeup of individual storage unit
using definitions provided.
OR
“. . . [s]pecific test data of commodity
classification by a national recognized
testing agency . . . .”
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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Commodity Classification Test
NT FIRE 049
• Tre försök med tre olika
vattentätheter.
• Fyra pallar med gods i varje försök.
• Brandeffekten mäts.
Ett exempel: Plastlådor av HDPE
2013 Edition
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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NFPA 13
2016 Edition
Issue Date: 5/26/2015
(or 8/20/2015 if someone files an appeal)
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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New Protection Options
NFPA 13 (2016 edition)
1. K25 ESFR & Vertical Barriers
2. K8+ In-Rack & Horizontal Barriers
Beyond
3. K25 Extended Coverage In-Rack &
Horizontal Barriers
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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1.
K25 ESFR & Vertical Barriers
• Protection of Expanded Group A Plastics in
Rack Storage
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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Fire Protection Research Foundation
Project Team
Sponsors
Technical Panel
IKEA
Ken Linder, Swiss Re
Viking Sprinkler
Rich Pehrson, Rep. IFMA
Reliable Sprinkler
Jason Huczek, SwRI
Tyco Fire and Building Products
John Denhardt, Strickland Fire Protection
XL Insurance
Steve Wolin
Property Insurance Research
Group
Matt Klaus, NFPA Staff Liaison
Procter & Gamble
Target
Aon Insurance
Project Contractor
Underwriters Laboratories
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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Approach
Ceiling Only Sprinkler Protection
Large Orifice, Intermediate Temperature Sprinklers
Vertical Barriers
8ft(2,4m) Aisles
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
Model N25
K25.2
ESFR
16
NFPA 13
Chapter 21
Alternative Sprinkler System Designs for Storage
Requires series of large scale fire tests
• High clear/low clear
• Ignition location relative to sprinklers
Number of sprinklers used in the design must based
on the worst-case result obtained in the full-scale
fire test series increased by a minimum of 50%
• Minimum of 12 sprinklers for standard coverage
• 768 sf (71,3m2) minimum operating area
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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NFPA 13
Chapter 21
Criteria (Section A21.2)
Number of operated sprinklers
No sustained combustion at the outer edges of
the target arrays
No sustained combustion at the far end of the
main test array
No sprinklers should operate at the outer edges
of the installed sprinkler system
1000°F (538°C) maximum 1 minute average
steel temperature measured above the fire
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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Test Program
Test A
Storage Arrangement
Nom. Storage Height
Vertical Barriers
Material
Horizontal distance
Transverse Flue Spaces
Aisle Width
Sprinkler
Ignition Location
Test C
Double Row Rack
20 ft (6,0m)
Ceiling Height
Commodity
Test B
35 ft (10,7m)
30 ft (9,1m)
40 ft (12,2m)
Polystyrene Meat Trays on Hardwood Pallets
Metal
~16 ft (4,9m)
Metal
~16 ft (4,9m)
3/8 inch Plywood
~16 ft (4,9m)
Blocked
Open
Open
8 ft (2,4m)
ESFR K25.2 Intermediate Temperature at 60 psi (4,1bar)
Between 2 Sprinklers
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
Under 1 Sprinkler
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Test A: Setup
High Clearance
Ignited Between 2
Sprinklers
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Test A: Damage
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Results Summary
Nom. Storage Height (ft)
Transverse Flue Spaces
Ignition Location
Test A
Test B
Test C
20 (6,0m)
35 (10,7m)
30 (9,1m)
Blocked
Open
Open
Between 2 Sprinklers
Under 1 Sprinkler
No. of Sprinklers Operated
First – Last (min:sec)
6
0:44 – 3:21
7
0:48 – 2:28
7
0:47 – 1:28
Max. 1 minute avg. steel
temperature (°F)
117 (47,2C)
134 (56,7C)
127 (52,8C)
Ignition of Target
Extent of Fire Travel on
Main Array
None
1 bay beyond
barrier
1 pallet position
beyond barrier
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
1 pallet position
beyond barrier
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NFPA 13 Criteria
Storage Arrangement
Single-, Double-, and Multiple-row racks
Max. 40 ft (12,2m) ceiling
Max. 35 ft (10,7m) storage
Min. 8 ft (2,4m) aisles
Exposed expanded Group A plastic
commodity
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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NFPA 13 Criteria
Sprinkler System
K25.2 Intermediate Temperature
ESFR sprinklers
Ceiling only
Hydraulic Design Criteria
12 sprinklers at 60 psi(4,1 bar)
Approx. 2,350 gpm(8,896 lpm) raw
sprinkler water demand
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
Model N25
K25.2
ESFR
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NFPA 13 Criteria
Vertical Barriers
3/8-inch (10mm) plywood, 3/8-inch particle board,
22 gauge metal (0,7mm), or equivalent
Max. 16-1/2 ft ( 5,0m) between barriers
Max.124 sf (11,5m2)of storage between barriers and
aisles
Extend through longitudinal flue space
Commodity may extend nominally 4 inches (0,1m)
past barrier into aisle
Barrier must extended from max. of 4 inches (0,1m)
above floor to top of storage
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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2.
K8+ In-Rack & Horizontal Barriers
Alternative protection to supplement overhead
sprinkler system
Permitted for Group A plastics and Class I-IV
commodity
Similar to:
FM Global Scheme 8-9A
NFPA 13 (2013) Section 17.1.5.7 for solid
shelves
Prior combustible liquids tests
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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Horizontal Barriers
3/8-inch (10mm) plywood or 22 gauge (0,7mm)
metal
Cover flue spaces
3-inch (0,08m) max. gap permitted at uprights
3-inch (0,08m) max. gap permitted at rack
members, pipe drops, etc.
Vertical spacing
Open frame: 12 ft (3,6m) max.
Solid shelving: every level
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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Hydraulic Design
Calculation
Not balanced with overhead system
60 gpm (227lpm) per in-rack sprinkler
Single row racks: 6 in-rack sprinklers
Double/Multiple row racks: 8 in-rack
sprinklers
Hose demand: 500 gpm
Water supply duration: 2 hours
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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In-Rack Sprinklers
K8.0 or larger
Quick-response
Ceiling or in-rack
Model GL112
K11.2
Pendent & Upright
Spray Sprinklers
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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Single Row Racks
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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Double Row Racks
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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Multiple Row Racks
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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K25 EC In-Rack & Horizontal
Barriers
3.
New concept for in-rack sprinkler protection
Supported by full-scale fire testing at UL
Not in NFPA 13
Patent Pending
N-RACK-ECTM
Extended Coverage In-Rack Sprinkler System
Model N252 EC
K25.2
Extended Coverage
CMDA\CMSA Sprinkler
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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Conventional vs. N-RACK-ECTM
Conventional In-Rack Sprinkler
N-RACK-ECTM
30 spr vs. 2 spr
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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The Sprinkler
Conventional In-Rack
N-RACK-ECTM
K8 or K11.2 Standard Coverage
K25.2 Extended Coverage
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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N-RACK-ECTM Tests
Exposed Expanded Group A plastics
Cartoned Unexpanded Group A plastics
Combustible Liquids
Lithium Ion Batteries
Aerosols
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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Exposed Expanded Group A plastics
Double-Row Racks
Horizontal
barriers at 20 ft
(6,0m) intervals
for EEP
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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C-C 2,5m
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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Rack Storage of
Exposed Expanded Group A Plastics
Ceiling Height = 40 ft (12,2m)
Storage Height = 35 ft (10,7m)
3/8-inch Plywood Horizontal Barrier at 20 ft (6,0m)
Ceiling Sprinklers
K-16.8 ESFR @ 50 psi (3,4bar)
In-Rack Sprinklers
212° F (100C) K-25.2 EC Pendent @ 30 psi (2,0bar)
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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Damage
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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Results
Extent of fire spread: 1 bay from ignition
Ignition of target: No
1-min avg. Steel Temp: 102°F (38,9C)
Ceiling sprinklers operated: 1
In-Rack sprinklers operated: 2
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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Applications
Protection for high hazard commodities
Existing buildings with increase in hazard
classification
Buildings taller than 48 ft (14,6m)
Areas with limited water supplies
Water savings
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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The Future of Storage
80’/120’
60’/90’
40’/60’
20’/30’
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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Summary
New options to protect Exposed Expanded
Group A plastics
Option
Sprinkler
Barriers
(Interval)
Max. Ceiling
Height
In-Rack
Sprinklers
Water
Demand
1
K25 ESFR
Vertical
(16-1/2 ft)
(5,0m)
40 ft
(12,2m)
N/A
2,350+ gpm
(8,896lpm)
2
K8+ QR
Horizontal
(12 ft)
(3,7m)
Unlimited
Repeat
protection
Yes
~5 per level per
bay in a DRR
480+ gpm
(1,817lpm)
3
Reliabe
N252 EC
K25.2
Horizontal
(20 ft)
(6,0m)
Unlimited
Repeat
protection
Yes
1 per level per
bay in a DRR
420+ gpm
(1,590lpm)
© 2014 Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
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Storage
Outline
Why is storage different?
Definitions
Commodities
Michael Billstroem
Director of International Technical Services
The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.
Why is Storage Different?
Codes & Standards
 NFPA 13 2013 edition
• Chapter 12 General Requirements for Storage
• Chapter 13 Miscellaneous and Storage < 12’-0”
• Chapter 14 Class I-IV Palletized, Solid Piled, Bin
Box and Shelf Storage
• Chapter 15 Plastic & Rubber Storage Palletized,
Solid Piled, Bin Box and Shelf Storage
• Chapter 16 Class I-IV Storage on Racks
• Chapter 17 Plastic & Rubber Storage on Racks
• Chapter 18 Rubber Tire Storage
• Chapter 19 Roll Paper Storage
• Chapter 20 Special Storage Designs
• Chapter 21 Alternative Sprinkler system Design
Definitions
 Available Height for Storage
• The maximum height at which
commodities can be stored
above the floor and still
maintain the necessary
clearance from structural
members and the required
clearance below sprinklers.
 Cartoned
• Storage consisting of
corrugated cardboard or
paperboard fully enclosing the
commodity
Definitions
 Compact Storage
• Storage arranged as part
of a compact storage
module on shelves not
exceeding 36” in depth, no
more than 30” between
shelves vertically with no
internal vertical flues
 Carton Records Storage
• A Class III commodity
consisting predominantly
of paper records in
cardboard cartons
Definitions
 Compact Storage
Module
• A type of shelving unit
whereby the units move
to allow for storage to
be pushed together
creating storage with
no flues or minimal
flues. Modules can be
manual or electric
Definitions
 Encapsulation
• A method of packaging consisting of a plastic sheet
completely enclosing the sides and top of a pallet
load containing a combustible commodity.
Combustible commodities individually wrapped and
stored exposed in a pallet load are encapsulated.
Totally noncombustible commodities on wood pallets
enclosed by plastic sheet are not considered
encapsulated.
Banding (wrapping the sides only) is not considered
encapsulation.
Holes or voids greater than 50% on the top are not
encapsulated
Does not apply to plastic enclosed packages inside a
large, non-plastic enclosed container.
Definitions
 Encapsulated
Definitions
 Non Encapsulated
Definitions
 Expanded Plastics
(Foamed or Cellular)
• Plastics in which the
density is reduced by
the presence of
numerous small
cavities (cells),
interconnecting or not,
dispersed throughout
their mass
Definitions
 Exposed Plastics
• Plastics not in packaging or
coverings that absorb water
or appreciably retard the
burning hazard of the
commodity. (Paper wrapped or
encapsulated, or both, should
be considered exposed).
 Free Flowing Plastics
• Plastics that fall out of their
containers during a fire, fill
flue spaces and create a
smothering effect on the fire.
(Powder, pellets, flakes or
random-packed small objects)
Standard Commodities for Testing
Class 2
Cartoned
Unexp.
Group A
Class 3
Cartoned
Expanded
Group A
Class 4
Exposed
Expanded
Group A
Classifications based on NFPA 13
Images © 2013 UL LLC. All rights reserved.
Used with permission.
Definitions
 High Piled Storage
• Solid-piled, palletized, rack storage, bin
box, and shelf storage in excess of 12 feet
in height.
 Miscellaneous Storage
• Storage that does not exceed 12 feet and is
incidental to another occupancy group.
 Storage shall not constitute more than 10
percent of the building area or 4000 ft² of
sprinklered area whichever is greater.
 Storage shall not exceed 1000 ft² per pile
 Each pile shall be separated by 25 feet from
other piles
Definitions
 Pallets
• Conventional Pallet – a material handling
aid designed to support a unit load with
openings to provide access for material
handling devices.
• Plastic Pallet – Any portion consisting of
plastic
• Reinforced Plastic Pallet – A plastic pallet
incorporating a secondary reinforcing
material (such as steel or fiberglass) within
the pallet.
• Slave Pallet – A special pallet captive to a
material handling system.
• Wood Pallet – A pallet constructed entirely
of wood with metal fasteners.
Definitions
 Pallets
Definitions
 Closed Array
• Storage arrangement where air
movement in the pile is restricted
because of 6 in. or less vertical
flues.
 Open Array
• Storage arrangement where air
movement in the pile is enhanced
because of 6 in. or larger vertical
flues.
 Bin Box Storage
• Storage in a five-sided wood, metal,
or cardboard boxes with open face
on the aisles.
Definitions
 Shelf Storage
• Storage on structures up to and including 30
in. deep and separated by aisles at least 30 in.
wide.
 Back to Back Shelf Storage
• Two solid or perforated shelves up to 30 in. in
depth, not exceeding a total depth of 60 in.,
separated by a longitudinal vertical barrier
such as plywood, particleboard, sheet metal,
or equivalent, with a maximum 0.25 in.
diameter penetrations and no longitudinal flue
space and a maximum storage height of 15 ft.
 Solid-Piled Storage
• Storage of commodities stacked on each other
with no pallets or aides. Piles can be stable or
unstable.
Definitions
 Rack
• Any combination of
vertical, horizontal,
and diagonal structural
members that support
stored materials or
commodities.
 Single Row Rack
• Racks that have no
longitudinal flue space
and that have a depth
up to 6 ft. in width with
aisles of at least 3.5 ft.
between loads on
racks.
Definitions
 Double Row Rack
• Racks less than or equal to 12 ft. in depth or single row
racks placed back to back not exceeding 12 ft.
Definitions
 Multiple Row
Racks
• Racks greater
than 12 ft. in
depth or
single or
double row
racks
separated by
aisles less
than 3.5 ft.
wide having
an overall
width greater
than 12 ft.
Definitions
Flow Through Rack
Portable Rack
Definitions
 Open Rack
•
Racks without shelving or with shelves in racks that are fixed in
place with shelves having a solid surface and a shelf equal to or
less than 20 ft² or with shelves having wire mesh, slatted surface,
or other material with openings representing the horizontal area of
rack members and where the flue spaces are maintained.
Definitions
 Solid Shelving
•
Fixed in place, slatted, wire mesh, or other type of shelves located
within racks. The area is defined by an aisle or flue space on all
four sides. Solid shelves having an area equal to or less than 20 ft²
shall be defined as open racks. Shelves of wire mesh, slats, or
other materials more than 50% open shall be defined as open
racks.
Definitions
 Longitudinal Flue
Space
• The space between
rows of storage
perpendicular to the
direction of loading
with a width not
exceeding 24 in.
between storage.
 Transverse Flue
Space
• The space between
rows of storage
parallel to the
direction of loading.
Definitions
 Horizontal Barrier
• A solid barrier in the horizontal position
covering the entire rack, including all flue
spaces at certain height increments to
prevent vertical fire spread.
 Bulkhead
• A vertical barrier across the rack.
 Roof Height
• The distance between the floor and the
underside of the roof deck within the
storage area.
Definitions
 Laced Tire
Storage
• Tires stored
where the
sides of the
tires overlap,
creating a
woven or laced
appearance.
Definitions
 Pyramid Tire Storage
• On-floor storage in which
tires are formed into a
pyramid for stability
 On Side Tire Storage
• Tires stored horizontally
or flat.
 On-Tread Tire Storage
• Tires stored vertically or
on their treads.
Definitions
Typical Open Portable Rack
Definitions
Typical Palletized Portable Rack
Definitions
 Roll Paper Storage
•
Closed Array
•
Open Array
•
Standard Array
 A vertical storage
arrangement in which the
distances between
columns in both directions
are short (not more than 2
in. in one direction and 1
in. in the other).
 A vertical storage
arrangement in which the
distance between columns
in both directions is
lengthy.
 A vertical storage
arrangement in which the
distance between columns
in one direction is short (1
in. or less) and is in
excess of 2 in. in the other
direction.
Commodity Classification
 Seven types of commodities
• Class I (FM – Glass jars in compartmented
cardboard cartons)
• Class II (FM – Metal lined double tri-wall
cartons)
• Class III (FM – Paper cups in
compartmented cartons)
• Class IV (FM – Polystyrene and paper cups
in compartmented cardboard cartons)
• Group A Plastics (FM – Polystyrene cups in
compartmented cardboard cartons)
• Group B Plastics (Same as Class IV)
• Group C Plastics (Same as Class III)
Commodity Classification
 Class I
• Defined as a noncombustible product
that meets one of the
following criteria.
1) Placed directly on
wood pallets
2) Placed in single-layer
corrugated cartons,
with or without
single-thickness
cardboard dividers,
with or without
pallets
3) Shrink-wrapped or
paper-wrapped as a
unit load with or
without pallets.
Commodity Classification
 Examples of Class I Commodities
• Alcoholic Beverages (up to 20% alcohol) in
metal, glass or ceramic
• Appliances (stoves, refrigerators) not
packaged with no appreciable plastic trim
• Bottles/Jars (plastic less than 5 gal filled
with noncombustible liquid)
• Frozen foods (nonwax nonplastic
packaging)
• Paints (friction top cans, water-based
[latex])
• Poultry Products (frozen with nonwax
nonplastic containers)
Commodity Classification
 Class II
• Defined as a noncombustible product
that is in slatted
wooden crates, solid
wood boxes,
multiple-layered
corrugated cartons,
or equivalent
combustible
packaging material,
with or without
pallets.
Commodity Classification
 Examples of Class II Commodities
• Alcoholic Beverages (up to 20% alcohol) in
wooden containers
• Appliances (stoves, refrigerators) in
corrugated cartons with no appreciable plastic
trim
• Baked Goods (cookies, cakes and pies) frozen
and in plastic coated package
• Frozen foods (waxed paper containers,
cartoned)
• Plastic Containers (Noncombustible liquids in
larger than 5 gal containers)
• Poultry Products (frozen on paper or plastic
trays)
• Wood Products in solid piles
Commodity Classification
 Class III
• Defined as a product
fashioned from wood,
paper, natural fibers
(cloth or leather), or
Group C plastics with
or without cartons,
boxes, or crates and
with or without
pallets.
• Allowed to have a
limited amount of
Group A or B plastics
(5 percent by weight
or volume or less)
Commodity Classification
 Examples of Class III Commodities
• Aerosols (Level I) (shaving cream)
• Baked Goods (cookies, cakes packaged in
cartons)
• Charcoal (bagged)
• Frozen Foods (on plastic trays)
• Grains (packaged in cartons)
• Paper products (Books, magazines,
stationery, cartoned tissue products)
• Textiles except rayon and nylon (natural
fibers)
• Wood furniture (no plastic coverings or
foam plastic cushioning)
Commodity Classification
 Class IV
• Defined as a product or
Class I, II, or III product,
with or without pallets,
that meets one of the
following criteria:
1)
2)
3)
Constructed partially or
totally of Group B
plastics
Consists of free-flowing
Group A plastic materials
Contains within itself or
its packaging an
appreciable amount of
Group A plastics
 5 percent to 15 percent
by weight or
 5 percent to 25 percent
by volume
Commodity Classification
 Examples of Class IV Commodities
• Ammunition (small arms or shotgun ammo
packaged in cartons)
• Bottles/Jars (empty cartoned PET)
• Liquor (100 proof in glass or plastic bottles
cartoned)
• Paints in friction top cans, cartoned
• Pharmaceuticals (pills or powders in
plastic bottles cartoned)
• Vinyl floor tiles in cartons
Commodity Classification
 Group A Plastics
• Acrylic
• Butyl rubber
• Natural rubber
(expanded)
• PET (thermoplastic
polyester)
• Polyethylene
• Polypropylene
• Polystyrene
• Polyurethane
Commodity Classification
 Examples of Group A Plastics
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Batteries (truck or larger)
Candles packaged & Cartoned
Diapers (Disposable plastic & uncartoned)
Wood furniture with foam plastic
cushioning
Mattresses (foam)
Milk (in plastic crates)
Paper products (Tissue products,
uncartoned and plastic wrapped)
Stuffed toys (Foam or synthetic)
Vinyl floor coverings (rolls)
Commodity Classification
 Examples of Group B Plastics
• Nylon
• Silicone rubber
• Natural rubber (not expanded)
 Examples of Group C Plastics
• PVC (Rigid or lightly plasticized – such as
PVC pipe & fittings)
Commodity Classification
 Mixed Commodities
• Use the highest classified commodity and
storage arrangement except as follows:
Allowed up to 10 pallet loads per 40,000 ft²
Higher hazard commodity randomly
dispersed with no adjacent loads in any
direction – including diagonally
If ceiling protection is Class I or II, only 5
pallet loads of Class IV or Group A allowed
• Where higher hazard commodity is
confined to a designated area and
protected as such, lower hazard protection
can be used for lower commodity class
Commodity Classification
 Plastic Pallets (Polypropylene or high density
polyethylene)
• All commodity classification rules assume that wooden or
steel pallets are used.
• Unreinforced plastic pallets may be used but classification
must be increased (1) class
 Group A Plastics are not required to be increased.
 Pallets shall be marked with a permanent symbol indicating they
are unreinforced otherwise classified as reinforced
• Reinforced plastic pallets may be used but classification
must be increased (2) classes.
 Group A Plastics are not required to be increased.
 Class IV commodities need to be increased (1) class.
• Commodity class increases not required if pallets have been
tested and listed to be equal to or less flammable than wood
pallets
• Plastic pallets can be used without increase if K-16.8 or
larger ceiling sprinklers are utilized
• Other plastic materials need to be listed or incur a (2) class
upgrade
[email protected]
Questions
All references to air supply in
NFPA 13 now also include:
“or nitrogen”.
The Days of the Air Compressor
are Numbered
Studies show: A piping system filled with nitrogen will
have a life expectancy 12-13 times that of being filled
with air!
South-Tek Systems: Corrosion Inhibiting,
Nitrogen Generators