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Visiting Lecture: Challenges for Rotavirus Vaccine & Rv3 Rotavirus Vaccine Program
by Duncan Steele, PhD - Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation & Prof. Julie Bines - Murdoch Childrens
Research Institute
Special Guests:
Lyou-Fu Ma - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Julia Christine Bosh - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Megan Elizabeth Carey - Bill and Melinda Gates foundation
Jane Standish - MCRI
1. dr. Abu Tholib, PhD: Is there any explanation for cross protection between P4 and P8 and do you have
any data with rotavirus strain that have strongest cross protection?
Duncan Steele:
Monovalent Rotarix (G1P8) shows protection against G1 and P8 which related to the vaccine component,
yet it also shows protections against P4, that have no relation to vaccine. The protection is completely
heterotrophic. We do not have any evidence which strain is stronger cross protection than to the other
2. dr. Meineni Sitaresmi, PhD, SpAK
Why is the vaccine efficacy in developing countries different with the efficacy in developed country?
Duncan Steele:
Challenges for Rotavirus vaccine & Rv3 Rotavirus Vaccine Program
Apparently many factors become the reason, such as malnutrition and other infection that impair immune
response and breast milk and maternal antibodies that lower viral titre and many others. The important
question is: can we improve that? There might be limitation of the vaccine, but one effective way to improve
vaccine efficacy is to have strong immunization programs.
3. Prof dr. Yati Soenarto,PhD SpAK
Since the rotavirus vaccine had been introduced until now, data shows there is decreasing incidence of
diarrhea hospitalization
Duncan Steele:
Globally, there are 6-7% decreasing incidence of diarrhea mortality and we think, the link is on
economic and infrastructure improvement.
4. Keithan, a medical student on Pediatric Rotation: Is Rv3 a new vaccine, or is it already provided in
Australia? Is the new vaccine will cost high? Will the new vaccine produce herd immunity?
Prof. Julie Bines:
It is a new vaccine that developed by collaboration of Biopharma, MCRI and UGM
Duncan Steele:
With healthy vaccine market, will create competitive vaccine.
About herd immunity: on its early used, polio vaccine had not been known to have herd immunity, In
recent years, live attenuated oral polio vaccine known to have herd immunity. It is possible that oral
rotavirus have herd immunity
5. Dr. dr. Hera Nirwati, M.Kes
There are two different rotavirus vaccine (monovalent Rotarix vaccine and pentavalen Rotateq
vaccine). How the two different vaccine that contain different protein antigens could have similar
effect?
Duncan Steele :
Do they work in the same way, we are not sure.
In five countries in Africa, the strains of rotavirus are diverse, but the population in those countries are
similar. May be, that what effect it. I do not believe it is the strain, may be the condition of the
population make the vaccine have similar effect.
6. dr. Jarrir At Thobari, PhD: How the Gates foundation assess vaccine program, what are their interest, is
it scientific or humanity? And how do we get sponsors for researches?
Duncan Steele:
What drove Bill and Melinda Gates is in 1997, they read article about the vaccine and illness. How many
children died because of something that they do not yet understood. I do not want to put words in
their mouth but they have the feeling of wanting to give back and Bill likes innovation and technologies
to drive public health impact. Melinda and bill gates foundation supports global health, global
development and US collage. To gain the funding opportunity the project has to have strategy, and
have innovated questions that trigger.
Lyou-Fu Ma (BMGF): for more information you can take a look at the website and submit your project.
7. Prof dr. Yati Soenarto PhD,SpAK : how about the sustainability of the vaccine program? And we
interested to hear more about herd immunity. Is there any chance that the herd immunity will
decrease as well?
Duncan Steele:
The own country is responsible for the sustainability of vaccine research and programs, there should be
national ownship.