1. No category

Ship to Shore Connector (SSC)
Design Development/Evolution
Joint SNAME SD-5 and
International Hydrofoil Society
7 May 2015
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
1
SSC Program Description
Need: Landing Craft, Air Cushion
(LCAC) functional replacement
Platform: Air Cushion Vehicle; same
footprint as LCAC Service Life
Extension Program (SLEP)
Mission: Land surface assault
elements in support of Operational
Maneuver from the Sea (OMFTS),
at over-the-horizon (OTH)
distances, while operating from
amphibious ships and mobile
landing platforms
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
2
SSC Program Requirements
•  LCAC craft inventory (including SLEP) begins to degrade
below the Required Operational Capability/Projected
Operational Environment (ROC/POE) requirement
beginning in 2015
•  Formal requirements provided in Capabilities
Development Document (CDD) with Key Performance
Parameters (KPPs) approved by Joint Requirements
Oversight Counsel (JROC) 10 June 2010
•  Quantity: 73 SSC
−  1 Test & Training (T&T) craft
−  72 Fleet operational craft
•  SSC received the Milestone B Acquisition Decision
Memorandum approval on 5 July 2012
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
3
LCAC/SSC Operational Employment
•  LCACs/SSCs transport weapons systems, equipment, cargo, and
personnel of the assault element of the Marine Air/Ground Task
Force from well deck equipped amphibious ships or the Mobile
Landing Platform (MLP) to shore
•  Ships launch LCAC/SSC at distances over the horizon (25 nm or
greater offshore) to prevent early detection of the landing force
•  Synchronized arrival of the equipment embarked on LCAC/SSC is
essential to support the initial assault force
•  Rapid return to the amphibious ships and MLPs to pick up
additional equipment is necessary to support the buildup of
combat power ashore
•  SSC will be able to operate in NATO Sea State 3 (significant
wave height of 4.1 ft), reach a high speed exceeding 40 knots,
transport payloads of approximately 74 short tons, and operate
over-the-beach clearing obstacles up to 4 feet
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
4
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SSC Concept of Operations (CONOPS)
NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND
!\AV. Ampfllblous Assault VehicJe
Ale - Aircraft
AAG· Amphibious Ready Group
ATF - Amphibious Task Force
JLOTS - Joint Logistics Over the Shore
LCAC - Landing Craft Air Cushion
LeO - lesser Contil'lgency Operations
MLP - Mobile Landing Platform
MSC - Military Sealift Command
NEO - Non·Combatant Evacuation
Operations
O M FTS - Operational Maneuve r From
The Sea
SlEP - Service Ufe E~tensloo Program
sse - Ship to Shore Connector
sse
During LCD,
will provide transport services during humanitarian
assistance, NED , among others
Cross Deck of equipment and personnel occurs at sea prior to
conducting offensive operations utilizing
supporting logistic
operations between MSC shipping and shore
sse
Movement through the littorals and between platforms while communicating
with the ARG or ATF , other ship to shore vessels and forces ashore
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
5
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-
JVAtI!iEA
-
LCAC/SSC Transition (PB15)
NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS CO MMAND
r-------------------~
Assumes craft are retired 10 I
:
,
90
yrs after being SLEP'd
L---------------r
:
----
,---------------------~----------------------------------------------------------_.
FY 20
FY27
80
73 craft =
70
sse requirement
,-------'------- - - - - - - --1------------ - - -~ - - - - - - t - - - - - - - -
I
I
I
I
I
I
60
50
40
30
20
10
sse Service Ute
30 years
o
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
SSC COD Requirement: 73 Craft
(1 Test & Training Craft; 72 Operational Craft)
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
6
Evolution of LCAC to SSC
1970s
1980s
M60 Tank
in USMC service
JEFF A / JEFF B
•  Prototypes leading to
LCAC
1990s
2000s
2010s
M1A1 Tank
in USMC service
LCAC
•  Initial Craft Delivered
December 1984
•  Designed for 20-year service
life
•  Capable of carrying a 60-ton
payload at speeds over 40
knots
•  91 LCAC fabricated
LCAC (SLEP)
•  +10 years service life
•  47 out of 72 LCAC
SLEPs delivered to date
All Have Similar Footprint To Fit in Well Decks
SSC
•  1st Production craft to be delivered FY17
•  Designed for 30 Year Service Life
(without SLEP)
•  74 Short Ton payload & OTH assault
from 25 nautical miles
Improvements:
•  Increased reliability & availability
•  Pilot/Co-pilot cockpit
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
7
SSC Key Dates
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Initial Capabilities Document (ICD) signed: 18 October 2006
Analysis of Alternatives (AoA): 28 November 2007
Set Based Design (SBD) complete: 26 September 2008
Program Support Review (PSR): 10 February 2009
Preliminary Design Review (PDR): 26 March 2009
Milestone A Acquisition Decision Memorandum: 21 May 2009
Contract Design Review (CDR): 01 June 2010
Capability Development Document (CDD) approved by JROC: 10 June 2010
Early Operational Assessment (EOA): 01 November 2010
DD&C RFP release: 20 May 2011
Preliminary Design Review (PDR): 22 June 2011
Program Support Review (PSR): 10 August 2011
Focused Gate 5 to ASN(RD&A): 12 September 2011
Final Cost Review Board: 15 September 2011
Service Cost Position (SCP) memo NCCA: 16 September 2011
Overarching Integrated Product Team (OIPT): 24 January 2012
Final Independent Cost Estimate (ICE) from CAPE: 19 June 2012
Milestone B DAB: 27 June 2012
Milestone B Acquisition Decision Memorandum: 05 July 2012
DD&C Contract Award: 06 July 2012
Integrated Baseline Review (IBR): 03-07 June 2013
Planned Delivery of Test & Training Craft (LCAC 100): 28 February 2017
Planned IOC: 24 August 2020
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
8
Design Overview
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
9
LCAC/SSC Comparison
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Length, Overall: 27.98 m (91.8 ft)
Beam, Overall: 14.5 m (47.8 ft)
Buoyancy Box Depth: 1.27 m (50 in)
Design Load: 54.43MT
Hull Material: 5456 Aluminum
Engines: 4 – Vericor ETF40B at 3955 SHP
each
Power Generation: 2 – 60 kVA APUs
Electrical Distribution: 400Hz
Lift Fans: 4 – 63” diameter
Propellers: 2 – 11.75’ diameter
Shrouds: Aluminum
Gearboxes: 8 – Single input, single output
Bow Thrusters: 2 – Belt driven hood
Shafts: Steel
Flight Crew: 3
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Length, Overall: 27.98 m (91.8 ft)
Beam, Overall: 14.71 m (48.25 ft)
Buoyancy Box Depth: 1.42 m (56 in)
Design Load: 67.13 MT
Hull Material: 5083 Aluminum
Engines: 4 – Rolls Royce MT7 at 5300 SHP each
Power Generation (common electrical end): 2)150
kVA craft service generators; 2)85kVA APUs
Electrical Distribution: 60Hz
Lift Fans: 2 – 69” diameter
Propellers: 2 – 11.75’ diameter
Shrouds: Composite
Gearboxes: 2 – Dual input, dual output
Bow Thrusters: 2 – Gear driven modified hood
Shafts: Composite
Integrated Flight Control with Pilot/Co-pilot
controls
Flight Crew: 2
10
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
Evolution of LCAC to SSC
Designed for 30 Year Service Life (w/o SLEP)
Capable of carrying a 74 Short Ton payload
86 nm w/o refueling (at 35+ knots)
IMPROVEMENTS:
Increased reliability and availability
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
11
SSC Craft Design
•  Government/Navy-led Preliminary and Contract Design;
Industry Detail Design
•  Addresses Fleet’s top 25 LCAC high maintenance drivers,
thereby reducing maintenance and operational costs, and
increasing craft availability
•  Leverages LCAC Service Life Extension Program (SLEP)
improvements
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
12
SSC Design Drivers
!  Geometric Constraints
–  Operate from LPD 17, LSD 41, LSD 49, and LHD 1 wells
–  Sets length and beam same as LCAC
!  Carry 74ST payload in 4.1ft Significant Wave
Height (SWH) and 100o F for 86nm
–  Sets required engine power
!  Use available engines
!  CDD - Reliability, Availability, Maintainability
–  LCAC top 25 issues
!  CDD - Total Ownership Cost
Changes driven by increased payload and improved reliability and maintainability
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
13
SSC Improvements Over LCAC
•  Pilot/Co-pilot reconfigured command module
•  Increased range and payload
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More efficient propulsion train
More powerful engines
Increased fuel efficiency
Advanced skirt
•  Greater resistance to corrosion
•  More corrosion-resistant alloy used in construction
•  All internal spaces painted with high-solids, corrosion-resistant
paints
•  Increased use of composites
•  Reduced maintenance and operational costs
•  Increased Reliability, Availability & Maintainability (RAM)
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
14
SSC Design Improvements
More lift + Lower Fuel Consumption + Less Maintenance
Simpler & More Efficient Drive Train/
One Gearbox per Side
(Fewer unique parts, less maintenance, higher reliability,
all parallel axis, fewer efficiency losses, reduced training)
Composites
Main Engine Geared Electrical Generators +
APU & 60Hz Distribution Bus
(Reduced weight and maintenance, corrosion
(More fuel efficient and cost effective 60 Hz
resistance for propulsors, lift fan shrouds, components, commonality with Navy ship electrical
bow thrusters, propulsion shafting)
systems)
Gear Driven Bow
Thrusters
(Increased reliability)
More Powerful Engines w/ Greater
Fuel Efficiency & Digital FADEC
(Increased power for heavier SSC payloads,
lower specific fuel consumption, more reliable
FADEC)
Sustained speed>40 kts
NATO Sea State 3 @ 100degF
w/74 ST load
Pilot/Co-Pilot Dual Controls
(Smaller flight crew + new C4N suite)
APU - Auxiliary Power Unit
C4N - Command, Control, Communication ,Computers Nav
FADEC – Full Authority Digital Engine Control
Interoperability
Operate from LPD 17, LSD 41/49, LHD/
LHA wells and MLP
Length same as LCAC
Aluminum Alloy (5083)
(Better corrosion resistance
& immersion grade wet deck coating system)
Advanced Skirt
(Reduced weight, drag & fuel consumption)
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
15
Machinery Design Improvements
LCAC
SSC
12 x Steel Shaft Segments
8 x Gearboxes
2 x 60 kVA APUs
4 x 3955hp GTEs
4-Blade Props
4 x 63in dia Lift Fans
400 Hz Electrical Dist Split Plant
4 x Composite Shaft Segments
2 x 85 kVA APUs
6-Blade Props
2 x Gearboxes
4 x 5300hp GTEs
2 x 150 kVA CSGs
2 x 69in dia Lift Fans
60 Hz Electrical Dist Parallel Plant
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
16
SSC Design RAM Improvements
ICAS Material History Metrics Database
LCAC Lessons Learned -­‐ Fleet’s Top 25 Maintenance Drivers/Prototypes -­‐
UClize ICAS -­‐ OpCmize Improved HVAC – Equipment Increased Reliability / PrevenCve Maintenance Lower Maintenance AA 5083 & Advanced PeriodiciCes Internal CoaCng System -­‐ Increased Reliability/Lower Maintenance Advanced Fire FighCng – no HALON Gear Driven Bow Thrusters Improved HF Antennas – Improved CommunicaCons, Reliability, & Maintainability 60 Hz Electrical DistribuCon System Reliability "
Selected Use of Composites -­‐ Reduced Maintenance Burden / DownCme Simpler & More Efficient Drive Train -­‐ Few Parts/Easier to Maintain/Increase Ao Maintainability Demos -­‐ Used to Test Time "
Verify Testability & Geared Electrical Generators -­‐ Lower A
PU G
as T
urbine Maintainability UClizaCon/Lower Maintenance/ Require Equipment & AA – Aluminum Alloy
CraS-­‐Level Reliability Increase Ao Ao - Operational Availability
APU – Auxiliary Power Unit
Growth TesCng HALON – Bromotrifluoromethane
HF – High Frequency
ICAS -Integrated Condition Assessment System
UClize Electric Actuators Simplified Window versus Hydraulic – Increased Reliability/Reduced Arrangement – Fewer Maintenance Burden Unique Parts 17
UNCLASSIFIED
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Top 25 LCAC
Maintenance Items
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Hull (Wet Deck) Plating Repair
Skirt Side Fingers
Radar
Radios / Antennas
Armor Windows
Oil Cooler.
Air Conditioners
Sensors (Transducers / Chip Detectors)
Rudder Actuator
Cushion Vane Design / Corrosion
Fire Protection - HALON Bottles - Fire Sensors
Fuel / Lube / Hydraulic Oil Contamination
Fuel Pumps
Propeller Assembly.
Prop Control Module
Main Engine
Lift Fan Blades
APU Engine
A/C Generator
Propulsion Shroud Stators
Exhaust Collectors
Bow Thruster Bearings
Engine Gearbox
Transmission Shafting (S1-S10) Hardware
Remote Controlled Circuit Breakers
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
18
LCAC Top 25
RMA Drivers Addressed
60 Hz Electrical DistribuCon System AA 5083 & advanced internal coaCng system -­‐
LCAC Lessons Learned -­‐ Top 25 Maintenance Drivers -­‐ Prototypes ICAS Material History /
Metrics Database
UClize ICAS & CBM to OpCmize Equipment PrevenCve Maintenance PeriodiciCes Extensive use of composites Electrical-­‐Hydraulic Actuators Reliability "
Advanced Fire FighCng PEAT – no HALON Test Time "
Maintainability DemonstraCons Require Equipment & CraS-­‐Level Reliability Growth TesCng Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
19
LCAC Top 25
RMA Drivers Addressed
Gear Driven Bow Thrusters
Improved HVAC
Simpler & More Efficient Drive Train
Simplified Window Arrangement –
fewer unique parts
Gearbox Driven
Generators
Improved HF Antennas –
improved comms reliability
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
20
SSC Design Characteristics
More Lift + Lower Fuel Consumption + Less Maintenance
Advanced
Skirt
Cargo Deck Sized
for M1-A1 Tank
Pilot / Co-pilot
Arrangement
Fuel Efficient
Engines
Efficient
Propellers
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
21
SSC Placemat
DIMENSIONS
Length, Overall:
WEIGHTS (metric tons)
Full Load
180.57
27.98m (91.80 ft)
Length, Buoyancy Box: 24.52m(80.46 ft)
SERVICE LIFE
Overall Beam:
SUPPORT SHIP CAPACITY
LPD 17 CLASS
2
LSD 41 CLASS
4
LSD 49 CLASS
2
LHD 1 CLASS
3
MLP
3
LHA 8
2
14.71m (48.25 ft)
Beam, Buoyancy Box: 13.31m(43.67 ft)
Air draft on cushion: 8.05 m (26.40 ft)
(nav mast folded)
SUSTAINED SPEED
@4.1 ft SWH
w/payload
35 kts
WEAPONS
2 MK93 Gun Mounts supporting:
MANNING
Crew
5
Pilot / Co-pilot configuration
M2-HB
PERSONNEL CAPACITY
26 Troops Combat Equipped
CARGO CAPACITY
Cargo Deck Area: 1671ft2/155.23M2
Cargo Load:
30 Years
67.13 MT (74 ST)
BUILDING YARD TEXTRON MARINE
AND LAND SYSTEMS (TM&LS) New
Orleans, LA
.50 cal machine gun
MACHINERY SYSTEMS
4 x Gas Turbines @
17,000 kW (22,800 hp) MIR;
15,600 kW (20,900 hp) MCR
2 x Controllable-pitch 6 bladed airscrews
(3581 mm = 11.75 ft) in composite
shrouds
2 x Dual input/Dual output gearboxes
Composite shafting
NAVIGATION
MK19 40mm grenade
Radar
Sperry BridgeMaster E,
launcher
or equal
INS & GPS SAASM compliant EGI
M-60/M240 7.62mm machine
SURVEILLANCE none
gun
COMMUNICATIONS
UHF/VHF/SATCOM AN/ARC-210 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
HF
AN/ARC-220 2 x 150kVA gearbox driven
EPLRS
AN/SRC-XX(1)
generators 60Hz
2
x 85kVA APU 60Hz
2 x lift fans
164 psf
FLIGHT/ENGINEERING
CONTROL
60 Hz distribution system
2 x bow thrusters
3890 lbs thrust
ECS
w/
ICAS
based
CBM
C4N
Integrated Flight Control
COMMAND & CONTROL
VME or VME/PLC Hybrid
IFF
AN/APX-123
CDD 10 JUNE 2010
Revised 10 JUNE 2012
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
22
Set-Based Design
&
Backups
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
23
SSC Navy Design &
Navy Technical Data Package (TDP)
Trade Space Formalization & Reduction
SSC
Contract
Design
GATE 3 – Aluminum Hull
Navy
Set-Based
Design
Navy Preliminary
Design
Navy Contract
Design
Evolving Baselines
SSB &
NAVSEA SFR
03 NOV 08
0
2
3
1
Time (months)
TDP
Certified
July 2010
4
5
6
SSB &
NAVSEA PDR
26 MAR 09
7
8
9
10
11
SSB &
Baseline
NAVSEA CDR Established
01JUN10
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
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SSC - Innovative Approach
!  First ship design implementation of Set-Based
Design (SBD)
!  Government Design locks in major details
–  Increased payload and more severe environment
–  Improved maintainability and reliability
–  Optimized Total Ownership Costs (TOC)
!  Builder does what he knows best
–  Design for producibility
–  Reduce Acquisition Cost
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
25
Set-Based & Preliminary
Design Schedule
Subsystem Trade Studies
Apr 21
Month
0
Jun 21
2
1
Integration Proposed
Baseline
Period
Review
Aug 18
3
4
Sep 26
5
PD-1
Nov 3
6
PD- 2
Dec 19
7
Jan 5
8
Review
Feb 20
9
10
CD Prep
Mar 26
11
May 1
12
Preliminary Design Phase
Set-Based Design
Holidays
PDR
Design Space
Brief
Trade
Space
Parameters
Trade
Space
Parameters
Point
Design
Output
Point
Design
Output
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Functional
Baseline
UNCLASSIFIED
26
SSC Implementation of SBD
Trade Space
Definition..
Element
Partitioning..
Hull
Machinery
Auxiliaries
Trade Space Formalization & Reduction
ElementSpecific
Exclusions: CombinationSpecific
Exclusions:
Little craft
level impact
parameters/
options
Infeasible
Combinations
Final Screen
for Balancing
Dominated
Combinations/
Options
Balancing
Craft
Evaluation
Failed
Configurations
High Value
Options
Dominated
Options
C4N
Performance
(Skirt)
Recommended
Design
with Backups
10-20 High Value
Configurations
HSI
>125 Candidate “Key”
Design Parameters
11 “Key” Design
Parameters/ 13K+
Configurations
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
27
Trade Space Reduction Progress
Trade Space Reduction
50
Formal Start of Reduction Efforts
Craft
Scoring
Candidate Vital PVs
120
100
Balancing
Checks
80
40
35
30
25
60
Start of Integration
20
15
40
10
20
5
0
5/1/2008
45
LOG 10 (Option Count)
140
0
5/29/2008
6/26/2008
Vital PVs
7/24/2008
8/21/2008
LOG(# options)
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
9/18/2008
UNCLASSIFIED
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SSC Contract Design
1 May ’09
CD
Prep
1 Aug ’09
1 Nov ’09
1 Feb ’10
Evolving
Baselines
0
Evolving
Baselines
Evolving
Baselines
Evolving
Baselines
CD 1
CD 2
CD 3
CD 4
Establish
Baseline
1 June ’10
1 Apr ’10
Incorporate
Comments/
Establish
Baseline
CDR/
DoDI
5000
PDR
SSB
Technical Warrant
Holder Approved
Requirements &
SDS Draft
PDR
26 Mar ‘09
Design Team/
SEM/Program
Office Reading
Session & Draft Spec
Configuration
Management
Begins
Design
Freeze
Final
Distribute
TWH
Technical Data
Reading
Package to
Session
TWH’s &
Industry
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Final
Certification
of
TDP
Contract
Data
Package
Delivery
UNCLASSIFIED
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Air Cushion Vehicle (ACV) Operation
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Principles that guide the development and operation of all aircraft apply to ACVs
−  Lift, thrust, gravity (weight), drag; centers of gravity/trim; directional stability
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ACVs ride on a cushion of air
−  When not on the air cushion, the LCAC/SSC rides (floats) on a buoyancy box
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The air cushion is generated by high volume fans on the ACV that force air downward
under the craft. The air is contained by a flexible “skirt”
• 
Forward motion and directional stability are provided by propellers, rudders, and thrusters
• 
Proper placement of loads on the ACV is critical to the craft being able to get on cushion
and maintain trim
• 
Fuel consumption during operation means the ACV must actively monitor and adjust trim
• 
Operations over land are impacted by terrain, slope, obstacles, and gaps/ditches that
prevent contact of the skirt with the ground, cause abrasion or tearing of the skirt, or
produce debris that is ingested into the engines/propellers/lift fans
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
30
LCAC/SSC Comparison
LCAC SLEP
Parameter
SSC
28.0 m (91.8 ft)
Length, Overall
Same as LCAC
14.71 m (48.25 ft)
Beam, Overall
Same as LCAC
7.874 m (25.83 ft)
Height on-cushion
8.047 m (26.4 ft)
5.944 m (19.5 ft)
Height off-cushion
6.12 m (20.08 ft)
95.98 MT
Light Ship Weight
100.94 MT
54.43 MT
Design Payload
156.37 MT
Full Load Weight
67.13 MT
180.57 MT
5
Crew
5
3
Flight Crew
2
Changes driven by increased payload and improved reliability and maintainability
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED
31