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Ghana Geospatial Forum
March 33-4, 2015
• ACHIEVING IMPROVED AND SUSTAINABLE LAND
ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM AS
S A BEDROCK FOR SPATIAL DATA
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN GHANA
MARK KAKRABA-AMPEH
KAKRABA
Director, Land Resource Management Centre
Kumasi, Ghana
his Presentation
BACKGROUND
THE CADASTRE
THE CHALLENGE
HOW FAR? HOW CLOSE?
?
THE WAY FORWARD
CONCLUSION
there is a rapid
rmation in land
ation
ement through
en the role it
n the efficient
ective use of
formation for
conomic
pment.
BACKGROUND
Governments the world over are
becoming aware of the need to
effectively manage finite land
resource and its accompanying
attribute data for sustainable
development through SDI.
Ghana cannot be left
out and efforts are
being made to make
Ghana a spatially
enabled economy.
NGREDIENTS FOR A SPATIALLY ENABLED SOCEIT
• LAND
PLOICY
determines values, objectives
and the legal regulatory
framew
mework for management of
a society’s major asset, its
land.
• LAND
MAMAGEMENT
It includes all activities associated
with the management of land an
nat
natural
resources that are require
ach
achieve
sustainable developmen
The activities include the core
These
adm
administration
functions: land te
land value, land use and land
development.
• LAND
ADMINISTRATION
SYSTEM
This provides the infrastruc
fo implementation of land
for
p
policies
and land managem
strategies. It underpins the
o
operation
of efficient land
m
markets
and effective land u
management.
•SDI
provides access to and
interoperability of the
cadastral information and
other land information.
• CADASTRE
provides the spatial integrity
prov
and unique identification of
every land parcel usually
through a cadastral map
upd
updated
by cadastral surveys.
• LAND PARCEL
IDENTIFICATION
provid
ovides the link for securing lan
rights
hts and controlling land use.
Thee La
Land Parcel is the key object
forr ide
identification of land rights an
admin
ministration of restrictions and
respon
sponsibilities in the use of land
Thee lan
land parcel simply links the
system with the people.
• The Spine Window
The Spine is Key
At least there are 9 categories of medical
conditions associated with Spinal Problems 4 of
such conditions are:
are:
Spinal stenosis:
Common symptoms include
pain, numbness,
numbness tingling and weakness.
Severe cases can also cause
bladder and bowel problems
Scoliosis: Symptoms include persistent back
pain, and breathing or heart problems.
Brachalgia:
pain felt in the
Brachalgia: This defines
d
shoulder, arms, and hands
Sciatica:
Sciatica: Causes muscular abnormalities in the
legs and thighs.
CADASTRE is at
the core of SDI
•The technic
hnical core of Spatially
Enabled Government is the
spatially enabled cadastre.
THE CADASTRE
• EVERYTHING HAPPENS SOMEWHERE –
CADASTRE IS KEY
• A cadastre, using a cadastral
stral survey or cadastral maps,
a comprehensive register of the real estate or real
property’s metes–and-bounds
bounds of a country.
(http:en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadastre)
A cadastre commonly includes details of the
tenure
precise
location
ownership
the
cultivations
if rural
the use
the
dimensions
the value of
individual
parcels
THE CHALLENGE
We are still very far from
achieving a spatially
enabled cadastre
POOR CADASTRE BASE
ome Problems and constraints off the Land Sector as identified by the
National Land Policy as identified by the include:
indeterminate boundaries off sto
stool/skin lands resulting directly
rom the lack of reliable maps/pla
s/plans, and the use of unapprove
ld or inaccurate maps, leading
ng to land conflicts and litigation
etween stools, skins and other land owning groups”
weak land administration system characterised by lack of
omprehensive land policy frame
amework, reliance on inadequate
nd outdated legislation, lack of adequate functional and coco
rdinated geographic information systems and networks….”
icy Actions to address
ess the problems includ
• “ Speed up title registration to cover all interests in land
throughout Ghana, and phase out deed registration”
• Pursue the following actions to resolve or minimise land
tenural disputes and their associated ethnic conflicts:
• production of large scale maps of land parcels and
buildings…
• Enactment of legislation to re
require stool, skin, clan, family
and other land owners to sur
survey and demarcate their land
boundaries with the approva
roval of the Survey Department”
National Land Policy and La
Land Administration Reform
e Land Policy of 1999 gave birth to
o th
the Land Administration Project (LA
hich is aimed at reforming land admin
ministration to achieve the objectives
e policy.
LAP HAS BEEN
BEE IN PROGRESS SINCE 2
LAP1 – 2003 TO 2011
LAP2 ON SINCE 2012
cognition of the need for up to date maps
LAP programme appraisal recognized the need for up to date maps to support crit
going land administration operations in support of
culture,
stry,
ronmental management,
an and regional planning,
ing,
nicipal services,
m water and sewerage,
perty tax,
ding permits,
ation systems,
ng and deeds registration,
astructure systems such as electricity, telecommunications, water, gas
eal property maps, all potentially supportin
rting land markets and national developme
HOW FAR? HOW CLOSE?
GAH HAS A TOTAL LAND AREA OF
GAHAN
238,535 sq km
ABOUT 80% OF THE LAND MASS IS
ABO
OWN
WNED BY CUSTOMARY AUTHORITIES
THE ARE AT LEAST 228 PARAMOUNT
THERE
STOOL
OOLS/SKINS ACROSS THE 10 REGIONS OF
GHANA
SEVE
EVERAL THOUSANDS OF PARCELS OF
VAR
VARYING
SIZES ARE CARVED OUT TO
VAR
VARIOUS
FAMILIES, CLANS, GROUPS,
INSTITUTIONS AND INDIVIDUALS
SOME Q0UESTIONS TO ASK
• What is the coverage of Customary Boundary
Demarcation?
• How many individual parc
parcels are in the hands of
individuals and groups?
• How many of these parce
arcels have been surveyed
and documented to creat
reate the needed cadastre?
Customary Boundary Demarcation
ntil the inception of LAP1, it is not certain whether any
ramount Stools had previously
sly ssurveyed and demarcated thei
oundaries
AP 1 proposed to survey and demarcate 50 customary
oundaries. The target was later
ter rrevised to 10 and by the end o
e project only 2 had been completed.
nder LAP 2 ,as of February 2015, almost 3 years of project
mplementation, only one has started.
urrently, there is no legislation requiring stool, skin, clan, family
nd other land owners to survey and demarcate their land
oundaries.
Title Registration across
ac
the country?
• The National Land Policy aim
aims at registration of title to
all land parcels across the country.
• In pursuance of this, LAP1 targeted systematic
adjudication and registration of 300,000.
• The target was later revised to 50,000.
vey and Demarcation
on of Individual Parcels
urvey and Demarcation of individual parcels remains a huge
hallenge.
he situation is worse in the Rural areas.
arious surveys carried out in the Aowin,
Aowin Tepa and Wassa Amenfi
aditional areas indicate that approximately 90% (86%-89%)
(86%
of land
ers in these areas have never surveyed their lands.
umasi Land Documentation Project Experience (15,700 parcels) About 60% - No layouts no registration
Over 90% of the parcels never
er been
b
surveyed before the projec
here are about 800,000 cocoa farm families spread over six regions
Ghana (COCOBOD, 2008).
IMPLICATIONS
Slow pace in cadastre development - Cadastre deficit
Weakness
eakness of land administration system – The LAP2 PIM virtually
repeated the land administration challenges identified in the Land
Policy in 1999 even after 8 years of LAP1.
Inadequate information on individua
idual parcels to facilitate efficient and
sustainable land management
Inadequate information for policy choices
What is the way forward?
• Action Plan to Survey and Demarcate Customary
Boundaries across the country – Demarcation of
Customary Bounda
ndaries must be systematic, treated a
national priorityy an
and not optional as provided in the L
PIM
• Develop innovative
tive ways to survey and demarcate, in
systematic manner,
ner, individual parcels and capture all
attribute data related to them.
• Such innovative pro
process need to be less expensive an
less cumbersome
• Partnerships and collaboration
• Adoption/adaptatio
tation of appropriate technology and
facilities
Can we
ride on
the say
the
should
of goog
earth t
genera
part of
cadastr
CONCLUSION
tial enablement offers opportunities
ities for visualization, scalability, and u
ctionalities, which are relevant to a vvariety of institutional stakeholders
h as Ministries/ Departments, administration of Justice, Taxation,
nning, Environment, Transport, Agriculture, and Housing. It is necessar
regional and local authorities; public
blic utilities; and civil society interests
h as businesses, crime prevention and disaster management.
be spatially enabled, Ghana needss to develop a modern, accurate and
able cadastre which would facilitate the rapid development of SDI,
mote efficiency and effectivenesss of our land administration system an
d management.
nscious efforts are required and the time to act is now.
CADASTRE IS
THANK YOU