1. religion and spirituality
2. christianity
3. catholicism

CHURCH HISTORY
FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Identification (20 terms will be chosen)
Arianism
Apocryphal
Canon
Apologist
Agape
Nestorianism
Catechumen
Justin Martyr
St Jerome
Apostle
Tertullian
Didache
Vicar
Ignatius
Hippolytus
Martyr
Apostolic Tradition
Apostasy
Church Father
St Hilary
Doctor
Constantine
Theodosius
Heresy
Trajan
Substance
Diocletian
St John Chrysostom
Apostolic Father
St Athanasius
Cenobite
Charlemagne
St Anthony
St Bede
St Patrick
Mozarabic Christians
Eremitic/Anchorite
St Augustine of
Canterbury
Iconoclast
Franks
St Benedict
St John of Damascus
Charles Martel
St Leo the Great
Armenian Christians
St Bride (Bridgette)
St Vladimir
Ss Cyril and
Methodius
St Boniface
St Columbanus
St Gregory the Great
St Benedict
Pope Urban II
Henry II
Nepotism
Vikings
St Francis of Assisi
Interdict
St Berno
St Thomas á Becket
Cluny
Lindesfarne
Emperor Henry IV
Excommunication
Simony
William of Ockham
Encyclopedists
Scholasticism
St Thomas Aquinas
Conciliarism
John Wycliffe
Nominalism
Jan Hus
Council of Florence
St Catherine of Siena
Avignon
Bologna
Peter Lombard
Gallicanism
Scholasticism
Martin Luther
St Ignatius of Loyola
St Francis Xavier
John Calvin
Ulrich Zwingli
St Peter Canisius
St Teresa of Avila
St Charles Borromeo
Mateo Ricci
Lepanto
John Knox
Guadalupe
Edict of Nantes
James I
Guy Fawkes
Charles I
William Joseph
Chaminade
Louis XIV
William and Mary
Oliver Cromwell
James II
Voltaire
Robespierre
Rene Descartes
Locke
Rousseau
Deism
Jansenism
Quietism
Febronianism
Rationalism
Josephinism
Empiricism
Huguenots
True/False (30 questions will be chosen)
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Catacombs are underground tombs where Christians
gathered for worship.
Early Christians practiced cremation to show the
miracle of the resurrection.
Wednesday was a fast day for early Christians
because it was the first day of Passover.
A vicar is someone who represents or stands in the
place of someone else.
The canon of the New Testament has not yet been
officially determined.
An apologist is someone who hears people’s
confessions.
Early Christians were ambivalent about abortion, but
strongly opposed infanticide.
The word “martyr” means “witness”.
Christians worshipped on Sunday because it is the
day of Jesus’ Resurrection and Pentecost.
The fish was a common symbol in the early church
because it signified a most important tenant of the
Christian faith.
St Peter was elected Head of the Church by the other
apostles.
The word “eucharist” means “love feast.”
The goal of the apostles was to defend and explain the
Catholic faith.
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According to St Ambrose, the priest with the people
changes the bread and wine into the Body and Blood
of Christ.
The early Christians saw martyrdom as a grace and
gift from God.
St John was the only apostle spared martyrdom.
The Church is not needed to help a Christian
understand and interpret the Scripture.
Antioch is where the followers of Jesus were first
called Christian.
Christians were persecuted by Jews and Romans.
Because St Paul was a Roman citizen, he was able to
travel freely throughout the Roman Empire.
The canon of the Bible was decided at the Council of
Jerusalem.
Early Christian converts distanced themselves as
much as possible from their Jewish roots.
Jesus taught that it is acceptable to fight back when
one is persecuted for the faith.
The term “Eucharist” means “celebration.”
Though the Christians celebrated the Resurrection on
Sundays, the earliest Christians continued to worship
in the temple or synagogue.
Pentecost was originally a Jewish feast.
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The Gospel are the only historical records we have of
Jesus’ life.
St. Peter was martyred during the time of Nero.
Decius was responsible for the first empire-wide
persecution of Christians.
St. Ambrose of Milan translated the Latin Vulgate.
Pelagius taught man could be saved without grace.
Emperor Theodosius called the Council of Nicæa.
There were ten major persecutions of Christianity
until the Catholic faith was legalized.
Arius taught that Christ was a creature of the Father,
though the greatest created being.
All four of Diocletian’s edicts were enforced or
carried out throughout the entire Roman Empire.
Domitian named himself “Dominus et Deus” (Lord
and God).
Constantine cemented the union between Church and
state with his decree of 391 making Christianity the
official religion of the empire.
Arius taught Jesus was neither God nor equal to the
Father, but raised to the level of “son of God” because
of his fidelity and piety.
Jesus is consubstantial with the Father and
consubstantial with all humans.
The fall of the Western Roman Empire was a gradual
collapse.
The fall of the Western Roman Empire brought about
a dramatic resurgence in intellectual activity, learning
and culture.
The fall of the Western Roman Empire occurred in
waves; i.e., one invading tribe or nation was then
conquered by another invading tribe or nation.
There was no true Apostle to the Goths.
The Western Roman Christians refused to evangelize
the invading Germanic tribes.
The Huns had an imposing physical appearance that
shocked the people of the Roman Empire.
Christians are permitted to adore or worship icons.
The first successful Christian missionary in a country
or to a people was known as an “Apostle.”
Nicaea II declared that, because Jesus became human,
Christians may depict him in icons or statues.
Islam spread rapidly throughout the Middle East and
Africa due to military conquests.
The Western churches said that using the Filioque
means that the Eastern churches think the Son is not
equal to the Father.
St Gregory the Great fled when he was elected pope,
but then returned and served with humility.
After the Fall of Rome, the Western Roman Empire
had more Christians than the Eastern Roman Empire.
Islam and Christian believe nearly the same thing
about Jesus.
Christianity was the dominant religion in Africa
before the rise of Islam.
“Ora et labora” was the motto of Charlemange.
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Christian monasticism began in Egypt.
The Pope became a monarch (sovereign leader) when
the Papal States were created.
The collapse of the Carolingian Empire left favorable
conditions for feudalism in the West.
Vikings and Norsemen are two different names for
essentially the same group.
Frederick I Barbarossa was the ablest and most
powerful ruler of the Holy Roman Empire.
Excommunication is when a Pope removes a King
from power because he has been unjust to his
subjects.
During the Middle Ages, no popes actually deposed
kings.
Pope St Gregory VII opposed any attempts to
discipline immoral priests.
Because William I of England appointed unrighteous
and immoral men as bishops, he was constantly in
conflict with Rome.
The monastery in Cluny exercised considerable
influence in the 11th–13th centuries.
The Carthusians wore white habits because they were
a sign of their innocence and purity.
King Henry II of England thought the Church was too
powerful and independent, and so he set down the
Constitutions of Clarendon.
All the Crusades were fought in the Middle East.
One purpose of the crusades was to punish the
Muslims for their attacks against Europe.
Pope St Gregory VII claimed he could depose
temporal rulers (civil authorities).
The Spanish Inquisition was the first, and generally
the most just, of all the inquisitions.
The Spanish Inquisition was begun to protect the
Faith from false converts who secretly practiced
Judaism or Islam.
Emperor St Henry II killed the Archbishop of
Canterbury.
The monastery at Cluny answered directly to the
Pope, freeing it from the complications found in
feudalism.
The abbot of Cluny was responsible only for the
monastery in Cluny.
Attacks against Jews during the Crusades were
condemned by the Church.
The word “crusade” comes from the Latin word for
cross.
The Concordat of Worms ended lay investiture ended
and condemned simony.
The University of Paris was considered the model for
southern universities in Europe.
Wycliffe advocated predestination.
The Eastern Churches use unleavened bread for the
Divine Liturgy.
Many Greeks blamed the Latin Church for weakening
the Byzantine Empire during the crusades.
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King Philip was a boyhood friend of Pope Boniface
VIII.
At the Council of Florence, the Greek bishops agreed
with Purgatory and the Filioque.
Mysticism know the mysteries of the Faith through
direct, intuitive knowledge
Pope St Clement supported the Knights Templar.
The Holy Roman Emperor and the Patriarch of
Constantinople pushed for and supported the Council
of Florence.
Nominalists believed that there is no “good” or “evil”
since these are arbitrary designations.
The Western Schism ended when a council elected a
new pope.
Early on, there were two different methods for
forming a university in Europe.
The Council of Florence was accepted by the Greek
people but opposed by all the bishops.
St Thomas Aquinas believed that there are two truths
(philosophical and theological), which is known as
the “double truth theory.”
The Catholic League was formed to put an end to
toleration of Protestants.
The Protestants accepted only 2 or 3 of the 7
sacraments of the Church.
Spain was the chief defender of Protestantism during
the seventeenth century.
In spite of his break from Rome, Henry VIII still
considered himself Catholic and fought against
Lutheranism.
Cuius regio huius religio means that each ruler
determines the religion for his realm.
Bl. Junipero Serra founded several missions in
present-day Canada.
Germany was unified and sophisticated at the time of
Luther.
The Douay-Rheims is a translation of the Bible into
English by Protestant reformers.
Martin Luther accepted without reservation all the
books of the Bible.
St Peter Claver single-handedly stopped slave trade.
Ultimate authority for Calvin is contained in Sacred
Scripture.
English ships, disguised as pirate ships, attacked
Spanish ships from the New World.
Luther’s inner turmoil about finding a merciful God
was a factor in his revolt against the Church.
The scientific revolution preceded and led to the Age
of the Enlightenment.
A subjective view of morality is summed up in these
words: “I have a right to do whatever I want.”
108. Rationalism helped strengthen a traditional view of
Church authority.
109. The Church condemned Galileo’s heliocentric theory
of the universe because the Church opposed the use of
reason in matters of faith.
110. The scientific revolution was based on observation
and experiment.
111. Science and faith are incompatible.
112. Most of the scientific thinkers during the Scientific
Revolution were atheists.
113. Deism believes that God created the world.
114. Deism believes that God is actively interested in the
world.
115. Rousseau believed that no one should be subjected to
another human.
116. A German bishop taught that the Pope is no different
than any other pope, and therefore has no special
authority over the whole church.
117. Freemasonry was started by persecuted Catholics as a
means of defending their faith.
118. The Jesuits were a religious order suppressed by the
Pope and persecuted in the 18th century.
119. The Act of Settlement denied Irish Catholics
education, land, medical practice, and the use of their
native Gaelic language.
120. The scientific revolution preceded and led to the Age
of the Enlightenment.
121. During the French Revolution, the people tried to
establish a Gallican Church that would serve as a
social arm of the government.
122. Many Enlightenment thinkers rejected Divine
Revelation.
123. The forced evictions of Catholics by Protestants from
their property in Ireland in the 17th and 18th centuries
has caused problems that have continued to this day.
124. Napoleon used his coronation to show his deference
to the Church.
125. A subjective view of morality is summed up in these
words: “We must do what is best for all the common
good.”
126. Most of the scientists during the Scientific Revolution
were Christians.
127. The heresy of Quietism advocates absolute passivity
during prayer.
128. Rationalists argued that one can determine faith and
morals by simply using natural reason.
129. Plantations were large areas in Northern Ireland that
were given to the Catholics in order to oppress them.
130. Napoleon died reconciled to the Church.
Multiple Choice (30 questions will be chosen)
1. With the death of the last apostle:
a. Persecution of Christians ended.
b. The need for bishops ended.
c. The Jews finally rejected the Christians.
d. Public revelation ended.
e. None of the above.
2. Early Christians used a fish as a symbol for their faith
e. only B & C are correct
because
10. Which are the oldest writings of the New Testament?
a. The Greek word was an acronym for a key tenant of
a. The Gospels
the Christian faith
b. The Book of Revelation
b. It reminded them that Jesus had used fish to feed
c. The Acts of the Apostles
5000 people
d. The writings of St John
c. It reminded them that the apostles were originally
e. The writings of St. Paul
fishermen
d. As fish swim in water, Christians are to conform to 11. Which of the Evangelists were eye-witnesses to Jesus’
life?
the world
a. Matthew, Mark
e. It was a reminder of baptism
b. Matthew, John
3. Because of persecution,
c. Luke, Matthew
a. The apostles scattered to many lands
d. John, Luke
b. The Romans embraced Judaism
e. Mark, John
c. All Christian babies were killed
12. Compared to the other apostles, St Paul was remarkable
d. All of the above
because
e. A & C are correct
a. He baptized Cornelius
4. The Deposit of Faith is
b. He secretly believed in Jesus through Jesus’ life
a. Didache and Apostolic Tradition
c. He was well educated
b. Apostles and Apologists
d. His parents were high-placed Roman officials
c. Scriptures and Tradition
e. All are correct except D
d. Evangelists and Martyrs
13. Which word means “of similar substance” or “almost
e. None of the above
the same substance”?
5. Which three men were not part of the original Twelve
a. ousia
but were nevertheless given the title “Apostle”?
b. homoousios
a. Ananias
c. homoiousios
b. Paul
d. hypostasis
c. Barnabas
e. none of the above
d. Jude
14. Jesus had to be fully divine so that He could
e. Matthias
a. Believe in Himself and His abilities
6. Early Christians worshipped in
b. Be capable of suffering and death
a. Arenas and theaters
c. Assume the sins, mortality and weakness of all
b. Catacombs
d. Show that He was worthy of being loved
c. The desert
e. He those who needed an example of how to live the
d. Homes of wealthy Christians
perfect life
e. B & D
15. Which heresy teaches that Christ was human and
7. Which two days were fasting days in the early church?
divine, but did not have a real human soul?
a. Mondays and Thursdays
a. Nestorianism
b. Wednesdays and Fridays
b. Apollinarianism
c. Tuesday and Saturdays
c. Gnosticism
d. Tuesdays and Fridays
d. Monophysitism
e. Early Christians did not fast
e. Donatism
8. Which was the first apostle to be martyred?
16. Jesus had to be fully human so that He could
a. Stephen
a. Believe in Himself and His abilities
b. James the Greater (brother of John)
b. Be capable of suffering and death
c. Peter
c. Assume the sins, mortality and weakness of all
d. James the Lesser (brother of Jude)
d. Show that He was worthy of being loved
e. Bartholomew
e. He those who needed an example of how to live the
9. The early Christians opposed
perfect life
a. abortion
17. The Roman emperors persecuted Christians because
b. infanticide
a. They felt threatened by the increasing number of
c. cremation
Christians
d. all of the above
b. Christians refused to pray for the government
c. The emperors believed the Christian’s “atheism”
was undermining the empire’s success and fabric
d. The Romans simply hated Christians
e. A & C are correct
18. Which Ecumenical Council affirmed that Christ is one
person with two natures (human and divine)?
a. Nicaea I
b. Constantinople I
c. Ephesus
d. Chalcedon
e. Nicaea II
19. Which Ecumenical Council affirmed that the Holy
Spirit is consubstantial with the Father and the Son?
a. Nicaea I
b. Constantinople I
c. Ephesus
d. Chalcedon
e. Nicaea II
20. Which heresy denies that Jesus Christ has two natures
in one person?
a. Nestorianism
b. Apollinarianism
c. Gnosticism
d. Monophysitism
e. Donatism
21. The heresy of Gnosticism falsely teaches that
a. We earn our way into Heaven by our own efforts
without God’s grace.
b. Jesus Christ is not really God.
c. Jesus Christ had only one nature.
d. Jesus Christ had only one will.
e. Salvation is attained by special, secret knowledge.
22. The heresy of Monothelitism falsely teaches that
a. We earn our way into Heaven by our own efforts
without God’s grace.
b. Jesus Christ is not really God.
c. Jesus Christ had only one nature.
d. Jesus Christ had only one will.
e. Salvation is attained by special, secret knowledge.
23. To show that Jesus is both God in human flesh, the
Council of Ephesus affirmed that
a. Mary is the Mother of God
b. Jesus has a human father
c. Jesus is consubstantial with the Father
d. Jesus is half divine and half human
e. Mary gave birth only to Christ’s humanity
24. Which heresy rejected the validity of Sacraments
celebrated by priests and bishops who had formerly
betrayed the Faith?
a. Nestorianism
b. Apollinarianism
c. Gnosticism
d. Monophysitism
e. Donatism
25. Which Apostolic Father asked Christians not to
intervene with his martyrdom?
a. St Polycarp
b. St Perpetua
c. St Ambrose
d. St Basil
e. St Ignatius
26. The governing structure of the church is modeled after
a. The governing structure introduced by the Huns
b. The governing structure introduced by one of the
other groups (not the Huns)
c. The governing structure of the former Western
Roman Empire
d. The dramatically revised governing structure of the
Eastern Roman Empire
e. None of the above
27. The Germanic tribes were converted to Christianity due
to the efforts of
a. St Leo the Great
b. Monasticism
c. The Eastern Roman Empire
d. Martyrdom
e. All of the above
28. The fall of the Eastern (Byzantine) Empire occurred in
what year?
a. 476
f. 711
g. 1054
h. 1453
i. none of the above
29. The Muslims conquered Spain in what year?
a. 476
b. 711
c. 1054
d. 1453
e. none of the above
30. The Eastern Emperor deposed Patriarch Photius
because
a. The emperor did not want to upset the Western
Empire
b. Photius believed in the filioque
c. Photius was causing riots in the streets
d. The emperor wanted to save Hagia Sophia
e. none of the above
31. Which group did not invade the Western Roman
Empire?
a. Huns
b. Moors
c. Visigoths
d. Franks
e. All of the above contributed to the fall of the WRE
32. Which pope met invading forces at the gates of Rome?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
St Leo the Great
St Charles the Great
St Gregory the Great
All are correct
Only A & C are correct
33. The Rule of St Benedict required vows of (select the
correct three answers):
a. Silence
b. Poverty
c. Obedience
d. Hospitality
e. Chastity (celibacy)
34. Mark two reasons why Emperor Justinian was
important:
a. Called the Council of Nicaea II
b. Tried to recapture the West to make it again part of
the Roman Empire
c. Organized the laws of Rome
d. Replaced the Patriarch with his own man
e. Was an iconoclast who killed 300 monks
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39.
c. Left temporal investiture to the Church
d. Left temporal investiture to the government (civil
authorities)
e. A & D are correct
40. Simony is
a. The money that people give priests to do weddings,
baptisms, and funerals.
b. The normal income that monasteries made by
farming and other crafts and trades.
c. The selling of spiritual goods or positions in the
Church by either Church or secular leaders.
d. The money the Church collects for the poor.
41. Nepotism is when a person moves ahead in life due to
a. Education, training, and hard work.
b. Pure luck.
c. Paying off those in higher authority.
d. Being related to those in higher authority.
42. The Dictatus papæ are
a. The tactics used by Otto I to defeat the Vikings
b. The decree issued by Henry IV when he appointed
Which person or group was most responsible for
the bishop of Milan
converting the Germanic tribes to Catholic Christianity?
c. The official name for the Constitutions of
a. Popes, like St Gregory the Great
Clarendon
b. Missionaries from the Eastern Empire
d. A list of rights claimed for the papacy by Pope St
c. Emperors or Kings like Clovis
Gregory VII
d. Monks
e. None of the above.
e. Martyrs
43. The monks at Cluny
Charlemagne is known for
a. Adhered strictly to the rule of St Benedict
a. Being the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
b. Placed greater emphasis on the wealth of the
b. Continuing the dynasty of Charles and Pepin
monastery
c. Insisting on education and excellence
c. Increased manual labor in order to build the
d. Forcing pagans with death unless they became
character of each monk
Catholic
d. Aimed to help reform the Church by educating
e. All of the above
future priests
e. All of the above
Caesaropapism means that
a. The pope can overrule emperors
44. Which title did Pope Innocent III assume?
b. The emperor can run the church
a. Holy Roman Emperor
c. The Emperor and Pope work together in
b. Vicar of St Peter
“symphony”
c. Vicar of Christ
d. There is no supreme Pope, but many equal
d. Ruler of all Kings
patriarchs
e. Privilegium
e. The Pope is the true Ecumenical Patriarch
45. Before becoming king, Frederick II promised the Pope
Apart from paganism, the religion of most of the
that he would
invading tribes were
a. Overthrow the Papal States
a. Orthodox Christian
b. Replace the Pope with a new Pope
b. Gnostic Christians
c. Attempt to reunite German and Italy
c. Catholic Christians
d. Respect the sovereignty of the Papal States
d. Arian Christians
e. Oppose all attempts at a Crusade
e. Monophysite Christians
46. The Viking attacks eventually ended because:
The Concordant of Worms
a. The Holy Roman Empire led a Crusade against the
a. Left spiritual investiture to the Church
Vikings
b. Left spiritual investiture to the government (civil
b. The Vikings had all the wealth they wanted
authorities)
c. Otto I, William the Conqueror and Frederick II
combined together to defeat the Vikings
d. The Vikings settled in the lands they conquered
e. The pope excommunicated the Vikings
47. After St Thomas á Becket’s death, Henry II
a. Attacked the Papal States
b. Repented
c. Gave up trying to control the Archbishop of
Canterbury
d. Lived a life of penance
e. All by A
48. What was King Henry II trying to accomplish with the
Constitutions of Clarendon?
a. He was trying to silence St. Thomas Becket.
b. He was brokering a peace agreement with France.
c. He was trying to atone for his part in the
assassination of St. Thomas Becket.
d. He was trying to rein-in or take control of the
Church, which he thought was too powerful and
independent.
c. William the Pious
d. St Thomas á Becket
e. St Bernard of Clairvaux
54. The kings of Europe did not support the First Crusade
because
a. Most of the knights were busy fighting the
Norsemen.
b. The kings were afraid of the fierce Muslims.
c. Most of the kings were broke and did not have the
resources to raise an army.
d. The kings thought the project was doomed to failure
from the start.
e. The kings were busy attacking the Papal States.
55. Mark two reasons why the Church supported the
Crusades:
a. To aid the Byzantine Empire against the Seljuk
Turks
b. To take over the lands in Europe of the noblemen
who went to war
c. To protect future generations from poverty
d. For knights to do penance
49. Which people groups attacked Europe after the death of
e. To send missionaries to Egypt and the Middle East
Charlemagne?
a. Lombards & Visigoths
56. In the Middle Ages, heresies were seen as
b. Saracens & Magyars
a. Direct threats on the Pope’s life
c. Slavs & Vikings
b. Acts of treason
d. Franks & Picts
c. Attacks against the crusading spirit
e. B & C
d. Threats to the soul
e. B & D are correct
50. Albigensianism
a. Was a dualistic religion
57. Mark three things medieval Inquisitors should not do:
b. Believed that Jesus revealed the truth only to the
a. Meet hostility with anger
elect
b. Yield to threats or bribes
c. Was the cause of the Inquisition
c. Take counsel and advice from others
d. Accepted homosexual practices
d. Observe mercy when punishing heretics
e. All of the above
e. Be heartless
51. Lay investiture is
a. the practice of appointing secular rulers by the
bishops and the pope
b. the practice of appointing bishops and abbots by
corrupt bishops
c. the practice of appointing bishops and abbots by
secular rulers
d. the practice of vesting laymen in bishop clothing
after they are ordained by the church
e. None of the above
58. Unam Sanctum states that
a. There must be a complete separation between
church and state
b. Kings have limited say over what happens with the
church in their territory
c. Just as the body governs the soul, so the spiritual
sword governs the temporal power.
d. Ultimately, kings are subject to the Pope because
the church rules all who are Catholic.
e. B & D are correct.
52. Who were the judges for the Inquisitions:
a. Jesuits & Franciscans
b. Cistercians & Carthusians
c. Franciscans & Dominicans
d. Cluniacs & Benedictines
e. St Bruno & St Bernard
59. Nominalism stated that
a. One can know the nature of things by reason
b. Reason can lead to faith
c. Reason helps one understand revelation
d. All of the above
e. None are correct
53. Which person is known as the “Father of Canon Law”?
a. Pope St Gregory VII
b. Emperor St Cunagunda
60. Wycliffe taught (select two)
a. Many things that would be later believed by
Protestants
b. All authority is to be rejected
c. The magisterium is to be believed in matters of
faith and morals
d. The king has the right to seize church property
e. Christ established an hierarchical church
61. Which English Monarch persecuted Catholics and
ultimately made England a Protestant power?
a. King Henry VIII
b. King Edward VI
c. Queen Mary
d. Queen Elizabeth I
e. None of the above
62. Which missionary was successful in China?
a. John of the Cross
b. Francis Xavier
c. Mateo Ricci
d. Peter Canisius
e. Peter Claver
63. The Council of Trent
a. Clarified core teachings of the Catholic Faith
b. Established the Inquisition
c. Spoke against Protestant beliefs
d. Required that priests be educated at seminaries
e. All but B are correct
64. Which of the following was not a problem in the
Institutional Church before the Reformation?
a. Emphasis on God’s mercy
b. Corruption
c. Uneducated priests
d. Salvation as an economic exercise
e. All were problems before the Reformation
65. Which treaty ended the Thirty Years War?
a. Edict of Nantes
b. Peace of Augsburg
c. Treaty on St Bartholomew’s Day
d. Treaty of Westphalia
e. Treaty of Versailles
66. The Jesuits are known as (select two)
a. Monastic reformers
b. Educators
c. Soldiers for the Holy Roman Empire
d. Protestant reformers
e. Missionaries
67. During the French Revolution, this legislation placed
the French Catholic Church under the government:
a. Two Treatises on Government
b. Edict of Nantes
c. The Suppression of the Church
d. Civil Constitution of the Clergy
e. None of the above
68. Voltaire said that prayer to God was worthless because
a. God’s will is done regardless of what we want
b. God can’t listen to prayers since He lives in a
different realm.
c. There is no god
d. If you don’t want what God wants, He will give it to
you.
e. None of the above.
69. This person was the embodiment of absolutism:
a. James I
b. Rousseau
c. Pope Pius VII
d. Louis XIV
e. Maria-Theresa
70. Which two scientists argued in favor of the heliocentric
theory of the universe?
a. Descartes
b. Copernicus
c. Newton
d. Kepler
e. Galileo
71. Which heresy believed that penance does not help the
damned, and only the predestined should receive the
Eucharist?
a. Quietism
b. Josephinism
c. Gallicanism
d. Empiricism
e. None of the above
72. Which monarch was patient and kind, and did not
attempt to pressure the Catholic Church?
a. Joseph II of Austria
b. Charles II
c. Maria-Theresa
d. Louis XVI
e. All of the above
73. The French Revolution effectively ended when
a. Napoleon became the ruler
b. The Catholic Church in France was outlawed
c. The needs of the poor were satisfied
d. The Reign of Terror began
e. None of the above.
74. The English Civil War started because
a. Cromwell attacked Ireland
b. King Charles II tried to make England Catholic
c. There was a large disparity between the rich and
poor in England
d. The king of England refused to guarantee tolerance
for the Calvinists
e. The English Catholics revolted against the
monarchy
75. Which heresies did Louis XIV persecute?
a. Quietism
b. Gallicanism
c. Huguenots
d. All of the above
e. All but B
76. Oliver Cromwell wanted to destroy Catholicism in
Ireland by
a. Enslaving 1/3 of the Irish and requiring that their
children be raised as Protestants.
b. Sending 1/3 of the Irish to Australia.
c. Killing 1/3 of the Irish people.
d. All of the above.
e. Only A & C are correct.
77. During the French Revolution, the Cathedral of Notre
Dame was:
a. Torn down
b. Turned into a brothel
c. Renamed for the goddess of Reason
d. Made a shelter to feed and house the poor
e. None of the above
78. Which of the following is not a true summary of
thinking of Enlightenment philosophers?
a. Faith and science are opposed to each other.
b. What we know best, we know by faith.
c. Religion and faith are essentially superstition.
d. Natural religion is the best religion.
e. All of the above are not true.
79. The “Act of Settlement” ensured that
a. No Catholic would ever sit on the English throne
and that Catholics could not participate in English
politics.
b. The rights of Irish Catholics would be protected.
c. Catholic universities in Europe could still teach
Catholic doctrines.
d. The people had the right to depose and replace a
king for violating the social contract.
e. All of the above.
80. Which key argument is used by the Catholic Church to
combat Deism:
a. Mystery of the Liturgy
b. Ecclesiology
c. Incarnation
d. Social Doctrine
e. All of the above
81. The Stuarts were:
a. The Catholic leaders in Ireland
b. The ruling family in England that succeeded the
Tudors
c. Another name for the Huguenots
d. The ruling family in France that succeeded the
Plantagenets
e. None of the above
Other Questions
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15.
Describe the key issue at the Council of Jerusalem, the
decision reached (with details), and the impact of this
decision on the subsequent history of the Church
Explain two of the accusations against Christians by
the Roman citizens or officials.
Explain two reasons why Christianity appealed to the
poor.
Church history is…
According to the textbook, the Church’s birthday is…
In two words, what are the two basic components of
the church?
When did Jesus’ ministry begin?
What is the difference between an Apostle and a
disciple? (Must use both words; example – Apostle
=… Disciples = …)
Why is Cornelius’ conversion important?
What is the first major crisis in the Church?
What is a key difference between the sources used in
Matthew’s Gospel vs. the sources used in Luke’s
Gospel?
Why was St Paul able to travel freely throughout the
Roman empire?
Describe 2 important things about the Council of
Jerusalem.
Give 2 significant details about one of the Apostles
(NOT Peter or Paul).
Explain two reasons why Christians were persecuted in
the Roman Empire (64AD-303AD).
16.
17.
18.
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20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Explain two ways Constantine benefitted the Church.
What is an Ecumenical Council?
Who attends Ecumenical Councils?
Which Councils have special status amongst all
churches and ecclesial groups?
List the contributions of two councils.
What is a church father?
What is a challenge in translating the Bible?
What was the key heresy of Arius?
What is the difference between homoousios and
homoiousios?
Which word did the Council of Nicaea use to describe
the relationship between Christ and the Father? How is
this word translated today?
What was the contribution of Constantine to church
disputes?
In three complete sentences, describe who Muhammad
was, what he taught, the meaning of “Islam” and the
basis for his teachings.
Within 100 years of Muhammad’s death (632-732),
what was the extent of Islam’s territory?
Name one ruler, with the general location, which
stopped Islam’s spread.
Who is the “Church’s Eldest Daughter”? Why are they
called that? (1-2 complete sentences)
Who are the Mozarabic Christians?
What was the religion of Ireland before St Patrick?
33. Explain the shift from public penance to private
penance. (2-3 sentences)
34. Describe the Byzantine Empire during this time period.
How long did it endure? Why did Christianity
flourish? What was the greatest political threat to the
Empire? (3 sentences)
35. What did Justinian try to accomplish politically? (1
sentence)
36. What is the Hagia Sophia? Or what is Codex
Justinianus?
37. What does an iconoclast believe?
38. Does the Church teach that we should adore or honor
icons? What is the difference? (1-2 sentences)
39. What is the “Triumph of Orthodoxy”?
40. How many times did St Leo the Great convince an
invading leader/general to spare Rome or the citizens
of Rome?
41. List three tribes or nations (not including the Huns)
which invaded the Western Roman Empire.
42. List one way that monasteries effected intellectual
development in Europe?
43. Who was the “Patriarch of Western Monasticism”?
44. What was Pope St Gregory’s reaction to being elected
pope?
45. List one reason why Pope St Gregory is called “the
Great.”
46. Describe one major and one minor difference between
the Eastern and Western Churches
47. What is the Great Schism and what non-theological
factors led to it?
48. List the four people groups which attacked Europe
after the death of Charlemagne.
49. Give two important details about St Thomas á Becket.
50. Describe what happened at Canossa, Italy.
51. List three significant deeds by Pope St Gregory VII
52. What was the primary struggle between popes and
kings about in the pages you read?
53. Describe one way in which the Church and State
struggled against each other during the Middle Ages.
The answer should include historical details, and how
the struggle was resolved.
54. Choose one monastic military order (Knights Templar,
Hospitalers, Teutonic Knights). Explain one significant
way this order was beneficial, and one significant way
it was detrimental to the medieval Catholic Church.
55. Explain one benefit of the Crusades to the Church, and
one benefit of the Crusades to society (or the future).
56. Describe two reasons why Luther refused to submit to
the pope.
57. Explain two of the themes of the Council of Trent.
58. Explain why Protestants believe that free will does not
play a role in salvation
Short Answer (Essay) (10 points each; answer two)
1. Explain the life and two significant contributions of one of the following saints: St Leo the Great, St Gregory the
Great, St John of Damascus, St Catherine of Siena, St Thomas Aquinas, St Patrick of Ireland, St Vladimir. MLA
format. 7-10 sentences.
2. Describe two significant points of tension between the Church and the State. The tension must have occurred
during the periods of Church History studied this semester. MLA format. 7-10 sentences.
3. Explain in detail the teachings of one heresy and the Church’s response to that heresy. The heresy must have
occurred during the periods of Church History studied this semester. MLA format. 7-10 sentences.
4. Explain the differences between the Great Schism and the Reformation. The contribution of at least one
significant person from each schism must be included. MLA format. 7-10 sentences.
Bonus Short Answer (Essay) (5 points each; answer one)
5. Describe the significant contribution of one monastic order during the early Middle Ages. MLA format. 5-7
sentences.
6. Explain the benefit of the Crusades to (a) a crusading Knight and (b) the society of the Middle Ages. MLA
format. 5-7 sentences.