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Int J Ayu Pharm Chem
REVIEW ARTICLE
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e-ISSN 2350-0204
A review on Agnikarma and its Physio-anatomical Effects
Gaurav Soni1*, J. Manohar2, Sandeep Langhne3
1,2,3
P.G. Department of Shareer Rachana, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
The art of healing of the ailments has been known from the time immemorial. Many indigenous
ways and methods have been followed for the relief of suffering of mankind since Vedas.
Agnikarma is one among the Para surgical procedures which have been mentioned in Ayurvedic
literature.
Acharya Sushruta has preached, practiced and documented the details of Agnikarma which is
followed by many renowned authorities till date. Agnikarma is mainly indicated in Ruja
Pradhana, Vata and Kaphaja vyadhis. „Agnikarma‟ was an asset of Ayurvedic surgeons which
has been used widely in the clinical practice since time immemorial. The profound influence and
utility of Agnikarma becomes clear from the extensive descriptions about this Para – surgical
procedure in various Ayurvedic texts belonging to both Saṃhita and Saṃgraha period. Dahana
Upkarana, Agnikarma classification, Dagdha Bheda, Samanaya- Vishesha
Lakṣaṇa, Pluṣṭa
dagdha, Dur dagdha, Ati dagdha, Agnikarma Kala, Agnikarma Anaraha and Agnikarma Vidhi
etc i.e. nearly every aspect is defined broadly in Classical texts.
The various therapeutic modalities of tissue heating that produce tissue heating differ from one
another in their effects due to the site of tissue heating rather than any difference in its nature.
Living tissues appears to be affected by temperature changes so need arises to study the various
actions of Agnikarma on principles of Physiology and Anatomy of Contemporary Science to
prove the worth of procedure in more scientific way so that lost trust in procedure is regained
both by clinicians and academicians, thus proving at par knowledge of use of heat or Agni as part
of treatment since Samhita Kaala in this modern era.
Keywords
Agnikarma, Agnikarma Vidhi, tissue heating
Soni et al.
Int J Ayu Pharm Chem 2015 Vol. 2 Issue 3
[e ISSN 2350-0204]
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Int J Ayu Pharm Chem
Greentree Group
Received 08/04/15 Accepted 24/4/15 Published 10/5/15
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Dahanopakarana
INTRODUCTION
The art of healing of the ailments has been
known from the time immemorial. Many
indigenous ways and methods have been
followed for the relief of suffering of
mankind since Vedas. The method of
Agnikarma is prevalent in our country since
many centuries. Acharya Sushruta
[i]
has
preached, practiced and documented the
details of Agnikarma which is followed by
many renowned authorities till date. With
advent of modern sophisticated surgical
techniques the popularity of Agnikarma is
„Agnikarma‟ was an asset of Ayurvedic
surgeons which has been used widely in the
clinical practice since time immemorial.
Krutva
Yat
Karma,
Agne
Sambandhi Va Yat Karma, Tadagnikarma”.
Agnikarma is mainly indicated in Ruja
pradhana, Vata and Kaphaja vyadhis. It is
of two types viz
(performed
Snigdha
oily/sticky
depends on the disease
level concerned.
Most of the painful conditions are related to
musculoskeletal system which comprises
bones, joints, tendons, ligaments etc [iii]. The
Dahnopakaranas mentioned for the diseases
of these locations are Snigdha dravyas such
as
Kshaudra,
Guda,
Taila,
Vasa,
Madhuchista etc., as they have the deep heat
penetration capacity with a greater latent
heat period.
AGNI KARMA
Agnikarma is one among the Para surgical
procedures which have been mentioned in
declining.
“Agnina
[ii]
with
Ruksha Agnikarma
dry
Agnikarma
substances).
substances)
(performed
Pancha
and
with
dhatu
shalaka has been used on a regular basis for
the purpose of Agnikarma irrespective of the
structure involved or level of the pathology.
But according to the classic, specificity of
Ayurvedic
literature
[iv]
.
The
term
Agnikarma has evolved from two words viz.
Agni + Karma = Agnikarma. A conceptual
search through the terminology will be
important to get a better understanding of
this
widely
practiced
Para
surgical
procedure.
Nirukti of Agnikarma
The following can be taken as definitions of
the terminology „Agnikarma‟.
“Agnaukarma Home Agnihotradau Agni
Karma
Tatah
Krutveti
Smruti,
Agnikaryadayo Anyatra”
“Granthyadin Rogeshu Dagdha Śalākadibhi
Prayojye Dāhakarye”
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“Agninā
Krutva
Yat
Karma,
Agne

Cikitsa
Agnikarma
has
been
Sambandhi Vā Yat Karma, Tadagnikarma”
mentioned in the management of
From the above Śloka it can be understood
Granthi visarpa
that the term “Agnikarma” was used in

Viṣavega cikitsa.
multivariate meanings in all the conditions
in which the use of Agni was unexceptional.

In
Vātavyādhi
Cikitsa,
in
the
reference of gṛdhrasi roga.
It also points towards the normal and usual,
physical behavior of Agni i.e. burning.
In Viṣa cikitsa, in the reference of

In Sidhisthāna, in the context of
Agnikarma in Ayurvedic classics
Trimarmīya and Ardhāvabhedaka
The profound influence of Agnikarma
cikitsa.
becomes clear from the wide descriptions
about this Para-surgical procedure in various
Ayurvedic texts belonging to both Saṃhita
and Saṃgraha period.
Caraka Saṃhita


Carakacarya has mentioned about
Agnikarma as treatment modality in
Sastra praṇidhana.
In Vividhasita pitiya Adhyaya as a
treatment in Manasa roga.
In Vṛuṇa cikitsa, Agnikarma is said
to be utilizable in Dvivraniya.
In the treatment of Kaphaja gulma .

In Svayathu Cikitsa, in the reference


Susruta Samhita

Yantravidhi Adhyaya.




is
mentioned
as
a
Pranassta salya vinjnana .
In Vatavyadhi Cikitsa of Sira, Snayu, Sandhi
Asthigata vyadhi.

In Arso roga cikitsa.

In
Asmari
cikitsa
for
the
management of Vṛuṇa.

In
Bhagandara
cikitsa
for
the
management of Vṛuṇa.

In Arsha Chikitsa, as one of the four
modalities of treatment in Visarpa
Agnikarma
Salyanirharaṇa vidhi in the chapter
In Udara Cikitsa, in the reference of
Plīhāroga and Yakrudodara.
Susrutacarya describes Agnikarma
in Agnikarmavidhi Adhyāya.
of Granthi roga and Bhagandara
Cikitsa.
It is mentioned as an Upayantra in
In the reference of Granthi Apaci
Arbuda Cikitsa.

Agnikarma
is
mentioned
in
Vrudhiupadamsha Cikitsa.
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
In Ksudra roga Chikitsa.
Sira,

In the context of Mukha roga
Asthigata: Kshoudra, Guda,
Cikitsa.
Sneha


Snayu,
Sandhi,
In Susruta Kalpasthana, in reference
CLASSIFICATION OF AGNIKARMA
of Sarpa viṣa Cikitsa.
Agnikarma can be classified as follows:
In Suśruta Uttaratantra and as one
According to Dravya
among the Ṣaṣtirupakrama.
Snigdha Agnikarma: Madhu, Ghruta, Taila
etc are used in this type of Agnikarma.
Astanga Samgraha
In Aṣṭāṅga Saṃgraha a separate
chapter deals with the description of
There is availability of references regarding
the use of Agnikarma in the management of
many diseases.
Aṣṭāṅga Hṛudaya Sūtrasthāna 30
deals with Agnikarma Vidhi. Utility of
Agnikarma in a large number of diseases
have also been explained in this text.
Kadara, Arśa, Vicarcika etc.
Sthānāntariya: Agnikarma done in Apachi,
According to Akruti [vi]
All together 7 types of Agnikarma can be
considered under this heading based on the
DahanaVisesa.
According to the Dagdha dhātu [vii]
AHANA UPAKARAṆA
Twak Dagdha, Māmsa Dagdha and Sira
Dahana upakaraṇa include a wide
variety of instruments which can be used for
inflicting therapeutic burns in Agnikarma
Cikitsa. Dahana upakaraṇa as per the
classical literature include the following
[v]
-
Twak gaata: Pippali, Godanta, shara,
Mamsagata:
Sthānika or local: Agnikarma done in
Gṛ dhrasi etc.
Aṣṭāṅga Hṛudaya
itharaloha
etc are used in this type of Agnikarma.
According to Pradesa of Roga
Agnikarma.
shalaka
Rūkṣa Agnikarma: Pippali, Salaka, Godanta
Jambavoshta,
Snāyu Sandhi Asthi Dagdha.
DAGDHA BHEDA
Dagdha bheda refers to the various types of
burns either therapeutic or otherwise based
on the severity. According to Suśrutācārya
all the burns can be included under four
headings
viz.
Samyak
dagdha, Pluṣṭa
dagdha, Dur dagdha and Ati dagdha.
Samyak Dagdha [viii]
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Suśrutācarya
has
enlisted
the
general
Vishesha Lakṣaṇa of Samyak Sira Snāyu
Samyak dagdha lakṣaṇa as well as specific
Dagdha [xii]
symptoms related to the particular Dhātu
Kriṣṇa varṇa or black discoloration at the
which is Dagdha. The specific symptoms
site of burn, Unnata vraṇata or elevation of
include Samyak Dagdha Twak Lakṣaṇa,
the site of wound and Srāva sannirodha or
Samyak Dagdha Māmsa Lakṣaṇa, Samyak
cessation of discharge from the wound
Dagdha Sira – Snayu Lakṣaṇa and Samyak
Vishesha
Dagdha Sandhi – Asthi Lakṣaṇa.
Asthi Dagdha [xiii]
Samanya Lakṣaṇa of Samyak dagdha
Rūkṣ ata or dryness, Aruṇ ata or dark red
Anavagadhata i.e where the
Lakṣaṇa of
Atidagdha are not seen, Tala varna or blue
black discoloration, Susamathita or absence
Lakṣaṇa of Samyak Sandhi
coloration, Karkaśata or roughness and
Sthirata or stability and hardness at the site
of burn.
of elevations or depressions and all the
Pluṣṭa dagdha [xiv]
symptoms specific to āaha of particular
In pluṣṭa dagdha the site of burn is
Dhātu [ix].
characterized by severe burning sensation
Vishesha
Lakṣaṇa
of
Samyak
Twak
and discoloration.
Dur dagdha [xv]
Dagdha [x]
Sabda pradurbhava or production of sound
on burning, Durgandhata or production of
an unpleasent odour or Twak sankoca or
Here there will be appearance of vesicles
and there will be severe burning sensation,
coṣa or “Akrusyata Iva Vedana Viśeṣa” i.e
sucking or pulling like feeling, redness and
shrinking of skin around the site of burn.
Vishesha Lakṣaṇa of Samyak Māmsa
often
Dagdha [xi]
clinical presentations run a chronic course.
Kapota varṇata or colur resembling that of a
pigeon, Alpa śvayadhu or mild swelling,
Alpa vedana or slight pain at the site of burn
and
Śushka
Sankucita
vraṇ ata
production of a dry contracted wound.
or
followed
by suppuration.
These
Ati dagdha [xvi]
Māmsa avalambana or hanging of burnt
tissue, Gātra viślesha or the respective body
parts become lax and without proper
functioning, Vyapadana of Sira, Snāyu,
Santhi and Asthi are seen. There will be
severe fever, excruciating burning sensation,
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severe thirst and the person may become

Anudhrita śalya
unconscious.

Durbala
Ḍalhaṇācārya has added that Śoṇita srāva

Bala
etc are also to be considered along with the

Vrudha
early mentioned symptoms. The wound

Bhīru
takes a long time to heal and the healed area

Anekavruna peedita
always bears distinct scar.

Asvedya
AGNIKARMA KALA
Agnikarma can be done in all the climates
other than Sharad and Greeshma
AGNIKARMA VIDHI
[xvii]
. In
Purvakarma
these two climates the environmental state
causes an aggravation in the burning
sensation and other associated clinical
spite
of
these
contraindications
Suśrutacarya adds that Agnikarma can be
done irrespective of the Ṛitu in emergencies
and
Agnikarma
sādhya
Vyadhi
with
necessary precautions such as Sitacadana,
Śīta vīrya Bhojana and Pradeha with Śīta
vīrya Dravya [xviii].
AGNIKARMA ANARHA
Suśrutācārya has clearly mentioned the
individuals and associated conditions in
which Agnikarma has to be avoided. [xix]
These contraindications include:

Pitta prakruti

Antha shonita

Bhinna koṣṭa
According to Sushrutacharya, Pichila Anna
has to be administered in the patients to be
features which arise after Agnikarma.
In
Selection of the patient for Agni karma.
subjected for Agnikarma. Dalhaṇacarya has
explained that Pichila Anna has Sita, Mridu
and Pichila Vīrya and hence has Pittaghna
quality [xx].
Roga samsthana which is determinative of
the
specific
Dahana
Vishesha
to
be
employed, the consideration of Marma in
the vicinity of the site of Agnikarma,
Balabala of the Rogi, the characteristics of
the Vyadhi and Ṛitu are to be considered
prior to Agnikarma. Agropaharaṇa of all the
articles required for Agnikarma are to be
done prior.
Pradhānakarma
The patient has to be done Svastyayana. The
patient should be made to lie down with his
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head in the Prāk direction. He should be
MANAGEMENT
held and maintained in the desired position.
AGNIKARMA
The instrument used for Agnikarma is to be
Management in Plushta dagdha
exposed to Nirdhūma Agni obtained by
Agnipratapana or Svedana is mentioned as
igniting wood from plants such as Khadira
the management for Pluṣṭa dagdha. Also the
and Badara.
Auṣadha which includes Ālepa, Anna, Pāna
The upward moving flame should be utilized
etc should be exclusively of hot potency. In
for the purpose. When the instrument has
Pluṣṭa dagdha there will be an incomplete
become Bhasuravarṇa it can be used for
heat transfer.
Agnikarma. One should console the patient
As a result some part of Rakta will be
throughout
talking
Asvinna. This remaining Asvinna Rakta
positively and should provide water to drink.
causes discomfort by doing Shita kriya
Paścātkarma
directed to Rakta pitta śamana. Śīta kriya
the
procedure
by
The anointment of Madhu and Sarpi
[xxi]
over the site of Agnikarma has been
mentioned
by
Suśrutacharya
as
the
IN
DEFECTIVE
will cause Rakta Skandana.
Hence in Plushta dagdha, Uṣṇa kriya is to
be done. Uṣṇa kriya liquifies the Styāna
treatment in Samyak dagdha. Ḍalhaṇacharya
rakta,
has explained that this particular anointment
Margavarodha to Vata and Ūṣma resulting
is meant for the Prasadana of vitiated Rakta
in Śūla, Śopha, raga etc. Hence Ushna kriya
and Pitta after Agnikarma. It is also said to
is to be done which is Rakta vilyana kari,
relieve pain i.e. Vedanopaśamaya cha.
helping
Alepa of Ghruta prepared from Tugakṣiri,
Vātānulaomana [xxiii].
Plakṣa, Candana, Gairika and Amruta has
Aṣṭāṅga Saṃgrahakāra has also considered
been mentioned. This Lepa is considered as
similar
Pitta Pratyanika and Avisosi. Alepa of
condition. He uses the term Tutha for Pluṣṭa
macerated Gramya, Audaka and Anupa
dagdha.
mamasa has also been mentioned for Vāta
Management of Dur dagdha [xxiv]
śhamana. The rest of the management
Durdagdha may occur if the surgeon is
should be in the line of treatment of Pitta
unskilled or if the patient is not keeping the
vidradhi [xxii].
desired position during the Karma. The
which
may
Uṣma
line
of
otherwise
nissaraṇa
management
cause
and
for
this
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management of this condition includes both
śamana. The rest of the management should
Śīta and Uṣṇa kriya. In Durdagdha there
be in the line of treatment of Pitta vidradhi.
will be Vagadhamula dagdha bhaga and
Management of Ati dagdha
Anavagadhamula dagdha bhaga i.e the sites
In Ati dagdha condition there is extensive
of deep burn and superficial burn may be
burn with excessive tissue destruction. The
present together.
management includes removing of the loose
According to Ḍalhaṇacharya, Shita kriya is
hanging Māmsa from the wound. This must
mentioned for the Nirvapana of Svinna
be followed by Śīta kriya. Lepa of paste of
rakta in Avagadhamula dagdha bhaga and
Shali and paste of Tinduki bark with ghee
Ushna kriya is for Vilayana of Asvinna
has been mentioned. Gudūci leaves or leaves
rakta in Anavagadhamula dagdha bheda.
aquatic plants such as Padma, Ulpala etc.
There is another opinion that Śīta kriya is to
are specifically indicated for covering the
be done in Atidaha and Uṣṇa kriya in
wound. Pitta visarpa Cikitsa is said to be the
conditions where Dāha is not much.
line of treatment of choice in Ati dagdha
Management of Samyak dagdha
vraṇa [xxv].
The anointment of Madhu and Sarpi over
the site of Agnikarma has been mentioned
THE
by Suśrutācārya as the treatment in Samyak
EFFECTS OF HEAT ON THE BODY
dagdha. Ḍalhaṇacārya has explained that
TISSUES
PHYSIO-ANATOMICAL
this particular anointment is meant for the
Any form of local body tissue
Prasādana of vitiated Rakta and Pitta after
heating will lead to a complicated set of
Agnikarmma. It is also said to relieve pain
physio-anatomical changes which interact to
i.e. Vedanopaśamaya cha.
produce still further complex responses.
Ālepa of Ghruta prepared from Tugakṣīri,
These merge with systemic changes needed
Plaksha, Chandana, Gairika and Amruta
to maintain thermal homeostasis.
has been mentioned. This Lepa is considered
The various therapeutic modalities of tissue
as Pitta pratyanika and Aviśoṣi. Alepa of
heating that produce tissue heating differ
masserated Grāmya, Audaka and Ānūpa
from one another in their effects due to the
māmsa has also been mentioned for Vāta
site of tissue heating rather than any
difference in its nature. Living tissues
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appears to be affected by temperature
This temperature point will differ for
changes in two fundamental ways, from
different reactions. At temperatures above
which further changes emanate. These are:
45oC so much tissue destruction occurs that


Temperature dependent physical and
there is destruction of cells and tissues.
chemical changes, as in metabolic
From the therapeutic point of view the
rate, viscosity and collagen tissue
local temperature changes that can, or
extensibility.
should be achieved are limited in the deeper
Changes related to physiological
tissues to about 5 or 6oC above or below
regulation, developed to protect the
core temperature; for skin and sub cutaneous
body
tissue much lower temperatures can be
from
occurring
in
damage,
the
such
vascular
as
and
achieved.
With an appropriate rise in temperature, all
nervous systems.
Effect on metabolic activity [xxvi]
cell activity increases, including cell motility
The rate of any chemical action that can be
and the synthesis and release of chemical
affected is increased by a temperature rise
mediators. Furthermore, the rate of cellular
(Vant Hoff‟s law). Metabolism, being a
interactions, such as phagocytosis or growth,
series of chemical reactions, will increase
is accelerated.
with a rise and decrease with a fall of
Effect on viscosity
temperature. The actual change is about
The resistance to flow in a blood vessel
13% for each 1oC .
depends directly on the viscosity of the fluid
In living organism increasing temperature
and inversely on the fourth power of the
tends to denature proteins and thus interfere
radius
with enzyme controlled metabolic processes.
dependence of blood flow on the diameter of
Thus after some increased activity an
the blood vessel is the reason why the
optimum temperature is reached at which
autonomic control of the arteriole diameter
the
regulates
metabolic
activity
stimulated by the heat
is
and
maximally
yet
not
of
the
the
vessel.
tissue
This
blood
striking
flow
so
effectively.
sufficiently hot to destroy the necessary
Raising the temperature in liquids lowers its
enzymes.
viscosity. Viscosity changes affect not only
the fluids in narrow vessels (blood and
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lymph), but also fluid movement within and
altered by local heating of the skin.
throughout the tissue spaces. Thus, although
Hyperalgesia occurs in the area of the heated
the effect is quite small, it is widespread.
region, which appears due to mechanisms in
Collagenous tissue changes
the central nervous system at the sub –
It has been shown that collagen melts at
cortical level. This remains only for a few
o
temperatures above 50 C. At temperatures
minutes after the cessation of heating.
within a therapeutically applicable range (40
Blood vessel changes
– 45oC), extensibility of collagen tissue has
With skin heating erythema is produced.
been shown to increase. This only occurs if
The striking cutaneous hyperaemia due to
the tissue is simultaneously stretched and
heat leads to the idea that similar effects
requires temperatures near the therapeutic
occur in other tissues, but this is not the
limit, but it is an important therapeutic
case. The skin is specially adapted for heat
effect. Therefore it becomes evident that
regulation and what is being seen is a heat –
joint stiffness reduces by heating.
blocking response.
Nerve stimulation
Vasodilatation occurs not only to distribute
Plainly heat and cold stimulate the sensory
the additional heat around the body,
receptors of the skin since these sensations
allowing compensatory heat loss from other
can be recognized. Furthermore these
regions, but also to protect the heated skin.
receptors pass information to the heat
This is important because the skin surface is
regulating centers,
contributing to the
naturally heated from the outside and heat
control of body temperature. Afferent nerves
conduction is not effective through the
stimulated by heat may have an analgesic
subcutaneous
effect by acting on the gate control
mechanisms may be somewhat separate in
mechanism in the same way as the mechano
that it has been found that directly heating
receptors.
skin causes capillary dilatation but the
There is some evidence that stimulating heat
arterio-venous anastomoses are opened by
receptors inhibits nociceptive impulses in rat
reduced sympathetic tone for total body
(Kanui, 1985). This could account for the
temperature regulation.
analgesic effects of local heating. There is
Vasodilatation by heat is caused by
evidence that cutaneous sensations are
several mechanisms;
fat;
in
fact
the
two
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There is thought to be a direct effect on
As a consequence of the increased metabolic
capillaries, arterioles and venules, causing
activity, decreased fluid viscosity and
them all to dilate; the nature of this
arteriole and capillary dilation (leading to a
mechanism is not understood.
rise in capillary blood pressure and flow),
An axon reflex triggered by stimulation of
there is an inevitable increase in fluid
polymodal receptors is an important cause of
exchange across capillary walls and cell
the vasodilatation; in this mechanism only
membranes. The acidity of the blood rises
the peripheral branches of the afferent nerve
and both carbon dioxide and oxygen
fibers are involved.
tensions increase. There is an increase in
Increased metabolism will lead to further
lymph formation and a higher blood
release of carbon dioxide and lactic acid,
leukocyte count.
leading to greater acidity of the heated
tissues, which leads to provoke dilatation.
THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF LOCAL
Further heating can damage proteins; this
TISSUE HEATING
may initiate an inflammatory reaction due to
As has been explained, applying heat to the
the release of histamine like substances and
skin leads to reflex responses in order to
bradykinins which evoke vasodilatation.
dissipate the local heat. There is local skin
It must also be recognized that the reduced
vasodilation
viscosity of blood would contribute to the
subsequently vasodilation of skin vessels
increase of blood flow. The foregoing
elsewhere to increase the body‟s heat loss.
accounts for the area being heated; other
Thus when heat is applied to the skin
skin areas may well show cutaneous vaso
surface, either as conduction heating or as
dilatation to lose heat in response to
radiation, little heating of the deeper tissues
impulses from the heat regulating centre.
occurs because they are shielded by the
Increased blood flow in tissues other than
thermal
skin has been shown to occur as a
subcutaneous fat and the fact that heat is
consequence of heating but is much less
removed in the increased skin blood flow.
marked and in some cases uncertain.
However, some conduction to the local deep
Overall effect in blood and tissue fluid
tissues does occur and it is this that justifies
in
the
insulation
heated
provided
skin
by
and
the
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the use of superficial heat for the treatment
which occurs in the deeper tissues is
of such structures.
particularly beneficial to promote resolution
Since the effects are largely confined to the
of mild inflammatory states and accelerate
skin it is responsible to propose that the
repair.
major pain- relieving effects are largely
reflex as far as subcutaneous structures are
CONCLUSION
concerned. The other therapeutic effects due
This procedure aims at the management of
to heat are attributable to conduction
various conditions by inflicting burns on the
heating. Summing up, therapeutic use of
tissue
superficial heat includes;
authority of Agnikarma becomes clear from
surface
directly.
The
insightful

The relief of pain
the wide descriptions in various Ayurvedic

The relief of muscle spasm
texts belonging to the Vedic, Samhita and

Sedation
Samgraha period. Because of its great

Acceleration of healing, especially of
therapeutic value it is considered superior
superficial injuries
than Kshara. Even in the modern surgery the
Promotion of resolution of chronic
principles of Agnikarma have been adopted
inflammatory states
with advanced technology like, Radiation
Increase of the range of joint motion
therapy, Laser therapy, Cauterization for
or lengthening of scar tissue.
haemostasis, excision etc.
Facilitation of fine movements
The effects and their causative internal
In spite of the fact that the main circulatory
anatomical and physiological as described
changes due to conduction heating occur in
above fully explains the scientifically the
the skin, rather than in the under lying
role of Agnikarma on various body parts and
structures in which the painful lesion is
its utilization on therapeutic basis. Thus,
often located, there is a wide spread
proving at par knowledge of use of Agni as
acceptance
part of treatment since Samhita Kaala in this



of
the
efficacy
of
mild
superficial heating. This may be due to the
modern era.
excitation of cutaneous receptors. It has also
been suggested that the very mild heating
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,reprinted on 2005,Chowkhamba Sanskrit
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