IJSART - Volume 1 Issue 4 –APRIL 2015 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052 Effect Of Artificial Sand With Quarry Dust On Strength Of Hardened Concrete Sheetal A. Sahare1, Mugdha N. Priyadarshini2, Shweta S. 3 Department of Civil Engineering 1, 2,3 VIIT, Pune (India) Abstract- To meet the requirements of infrastructural development, a huge quantity of concrete is utilized in the construction industry worldwide. Natural sand is generally preferred as fine aggregate in the preparation of conventional concrete which is obtained from river beds. Excessive mining of natural sand from river bed poses many environmental issues. Hence in many countries there is a restriction on sand mining from river bed. It has created scarcity of natural sand. Now the construction industry is looking forward for artificial sand as an alternative solution to natural sand. Artificial sand is obtained by mechanically crushing of natural stones. During crushing operation along with the required size grain dust is also getting generated. Today in actual practice artificial sand along with quarry dust is generally used in concrete. In this paper an attempt is made to investigate the effect of artificial sand with quarry dust on compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of different concrete mixes when natural sand is completely replaced by artificial sand. The test results showed declination in the strength parameters. required size. It generally contain more angular particles with rough surface textures and flatter face than natural sand that are more rounded as a result of weathering. During crushing operation along with the required size of sand grain, dust is also getting generated. Today in actual practice artificial sand along with quarry dust is generally used in concrete. Artificial sand has to satisfy the technical requirements such as workability, strength and durability of concrete. Hence it becomes necessary to investigate these properties to find the suitability of artificial sand in construction industry. Keywords- Concrete, natural sand, artificial sand, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength Prof. M. R. Wakchaure, et. al. [3] investigated the effect of artificial sand as fine aggregate in concrete as substitute to natural sand. It was found that compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete have better results when natural sand is completely replaced by artificial sand. Also the effect found to be more prominent for 7 days than that for 28 days. Prof. B. V. Venkatarama Reddy [4] carried out the similar studies. The test results for compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of concrete showed better results for concrete mix with artificial sand as compared to concrete mix with natural sand. Saeed ahmad and Shahid mahmood [5] carried out experimental studies on workability and compressive strength of concrete with crushed sand as fine aggregate. It was observed that compressive strength of concrete with crushed sand has more strength than that with natural sand whereas workability shows declination. This may be due to triangular and flaky nature of artificial sand particles. I. INTRODUCTION River sand is commonly used as fine aggregate in concrete. It is formed due to natural weathering of rocks over a period of million years. River sand is generally obtained from the river bed through mining operation. Continuous mining of sand from river beds resulted in decline in its availability. Also it has caused a lot of environmental issues such as lowering of river beds, lowering of surface water level in rivers, depletion and pollution of ground water, degradation of land, ill effects on the in stream habitats and affects the stability of existing structures [1] [2]. Hence not only in India but worldwide there is restriction on sand mining from river beds to keep the environment in natural condition and conserve the natural resources for sustainable development. It has created scarcity of natural sand in the construction industry. There is a need to find an alternative solution to the natural sand. Artificial sand can serve the purpose. Artificial sand is obtained by mechanically crushing of natural stones to Page | 183 II. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Objectives of the study are to determine properties such as compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of hardened concrete for different grades of concrete when natural sand is completely replaced by artificial sand with quarry dust. III. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Prof. M. R. Wakchaure, et. al. [3] investigated the effect of artificial sand as fine aggregate in concrete as substitute to natural sand. It was found that compressive www.ijsart.com IJSART - Volume 1 Issue 4 –APRIL 2015 strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete have better results when natural sand is completely replaced by artificial sand. Also the effect found to be more prominent for 7 days than that for 28 days. Prof. B. V. Venkatarama Reddy [4] carried out the similar studies. The test results for compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of concrete showed better results for concrete mix with artificial sand as compared to concrete mix with natural sand. Saeed ahmad and Shahid mahmood [5] carried out experimental studies on workability and compressive strength of concrete with crushed sand as fine aggregate. It was observed that compressive strength of concrete with crushed sand has more strength than that with natural sand whereas workability shows declination. This may be due to triangular and flaky nature of artificial sand particles. Prof. M. R. Wakchaure, et. al. [3] investigated the effect of artificial sand as fine aggregate in concrete as substitute to natural sand. It was found that compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete have better results when natural sand is completely replaced by artificial sand. Also the effect found to be more prominent for 7 days than that for 28 days. Prof. B. V. Venkatarama Reddy [4] carried out the similar studies. The test results for compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of concrete showed better results for concrete mix with artificial sand as compared to concrete mix with natural sand. Saeed ahmad and Shahid mahmood [5] carried out experimental studies on workability and compressive strength of concrete with crushed sand as fine aggregate. It was observed that compressive strength of concrete with crushed sand has more strength than that with natural sand whereas workability shows declination. This may be due to triangular and flaky nature of artificial sand particles. M. G. Shaikh [13] has studied durability of concrete made by using artificial sand with dust and natural sand. Compressive strength of concrete was tested at 28, 90 and 180 days. It was found that concrete mixes made by using artificial sand with dust as fine aggregate gives consistently higher strength than the mixes with natural sand. This may be due to sharp edges of particles in artificial sand provide better bond with the cement than the rounded part of the natural sand. T. Subbulakshmi and B. Vidivelli [14] investigated the effect of quarry dust on performance of high performance concrete. The effect was studied with 0%, 50% and 100% replacement of natural sand with quarry dust at 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 28 days and 60 days of curing. It is concluded that in high performance concrete compressive and flexural strength increases with % increase in replacement whereas maximum results were obtained for 50% replacement. Page | 184 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052 IV. MODEL OF FOUR WHEELS STEERING SYSTEM A. Constituent materials: 53-grade Ordinary Portland cement of specific gravity 3.15 confirming to IS: 12269-1987 [15] was used for all concrete mixes. Two types of fine aggregates; natural river sand and artificial sand with quarry dust; coarse aggregate confirming to IS: 383 – 1970 [16] in two sizes 20mm and 10mm in the proportion of (60%) & (40%) respectively of total quantity of coarse aggregates were used. Potable water was used for mixing and curing. Physical properties of aggregates are given in Table 1. Table 1: Physical properties of coarse and fine aggregates B. Mix design: Concrete mixes were design using IS code method according to IS: 10262-2009 [17] and IS: 456-2000 [18] for workability of 100±10mm slump. The mixes were designed for M30 and M40 grade of concrete with natural sand and then with 100% replacement of natural sand by artificial sand with quarry dust. Final mix proportion is as given in Table 2. Table 2: Mix proportions of concrete (kg/m3) C. Details of test specimens: The following types of specimens were casted to investigate compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of plain cement concrete: 1. Cube specimen: 150mm x 150mm x 150mm 2. Cylindrical specimen: 150mm diameter, 300mm height 3. Beam specimen: 150mm x 150mm x 700mm long www.ijsart.com IJSART - Volume 1 Issue 4 –APRIL 2015 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052 D. Mixing and curing: B. Concrete strength: Dry mixing for 2 minutes and wet mixing for 3 minutes of aggregates was done in a mechanical mixer of 40 liters capacity. The workability of fresh concrete was measured in terms of slump value in accordance with IS: 1199 – 1959 [19]. After casting all the specimens were covered with wet cloth and kept at room temperature for 1 day; then demolded and cured in potable water for the following 27 days before testing. Three cube and three cylindrical specimens of each type of concrete mix were tested for compressive strength and split tensile strength respectively. Two beam specimens of each type of mix were tested for flexural strength. The test results for compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of various concrete mixes are as given in Table 3. E. Test program: Table 3: Test results for compressive strength of concrete at 28 days All the specimens were tested at 28 days for surface dry condition. As per IS: 516–1959 [20], various tests were performed to determine strength of concrete. Compressive strength test and split tensile strength test was performed on Compression Testing Machine of capacity 2000kN whereas flexural strength was performed on Universal Testing Machine of capacity 1000kN. V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. Workability Test results revealed that workability of concrete mixes with natural sand is higher than that of the concrete mixes with 100% replacement of natural sand by artificial sand with quarry dust. This is because workability of concrete mix is very much influenced by specific surface area of aggregates. Finer the aggregates more will be the specific surface area. Greater surface area requires more water for lubricating the mix. Triangular and flaky nature of artificial sand particles can be one of the reasons for reduction of workability. In the present investigation passing percentage of artificial sand is found to more than that of the natural sand. Also water absorption of artificial sand was found to be more as compared to natural sand. Test results for average slump for various concrete mixes are as given in Table 3. Table 4: Test results for split tensile strength of concrete at 28 days Table 4: Test results for split tensile strength of concrete at 28 days Table 3: Average slump for various concrete mixes Test results showed that there is a consistent decrease in the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete due to 100% replacement of natural sand Page | 185 www.ijsart.com IJSART - Volume 1 Issue 4 –APRIL 2015 by artificial sand with quarry dust as fine aggregate as shown in the following figures. ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052 From the test results it is observed that there is 14.61 % and 20.09 % decrease in compressive strength, 25.51% and 16.90% decrease in split tensile strength, and 2.78% and 12.64% decrease in flexural strength for concrete mixes M30 & M40 respectively when natural sand is completely replaced by artificial sand with quarry dust. Figure 1: 28 day compressive strength for various concrete mixes Figure 4: % decrease in 28 day concrete strength due to use of artificial sand Gel/space ratio is one of the major influencing factors on strength of concrete. Gel/space ratio is the ratio of volume of hydrated cement paste to the sum of volumes of the hydrated cement paste and of the capillary pores. Higher the gel/space ratio more will be the strength of concrete. In present investigation concrete mixes with artificial sand, quarry dust occupies the pore spaces reducing the capillary pore in concrete. It reduces gel/space ratio. It resulted in the reduction in strength of concrete mixes with artificial sand with quarry dust. Figure 2: 28 day split tensile strength for various concrete mixes VI. CONCLUSION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Figure 3: 28 day flexural strength for various concrete mixes Page | 186 Workability decreased with decreasing size of aggregate. Concrete mixes with natural sand exhibited better workability than those with artificial sand with quarry dust. More water was required for maintaining design slump. Compressive strength of concrete produced using artificial sand with quarry dust as fine aggregate is less than that with natural river sand. Split tensile strength of concrete produced using artificial sand with quarry dust as fine aggregate is less than that with natural river sand. Flexural strength of concrete produced using artificial sand with quarry dust as fine aggregate is less than that with natural river sand. www.ijsart.com IJSART - Volume 1 7. 8. Issue 4 –APRIL 2015 Split tensile strength of concrete is found to be 9% to 11% that of compressive strength of concrete produced with natural sand whereas 10 % to 11% that of the compressive strength of concrete produced with artificial sand with quarry dust. All the mixes (both using natural and artificial sand) exhibits a relation of 0.85fck to 0.9fck for flexural strength of concrete. ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052 [8] Dr. P. B. Sakthivel, C. Ramya and M. Raja, - An Innovative Method of Replacing River Sand by Quarry Dust Waste in Concrete for Sustainability, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, ISSN 2229-5518, Vol. 4, Issue 5,2013, pp. 246-249. [9] M. Adams Joe, A. Maria Rajesh, P. Brightson, M. Prem Anand, - Experimental Investigation on The Effect of M-Sand In High Performance Concrete, American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-ISSN: 2320-0847, p-ISSN: 2320-0936, Vol. 2, Issue-12, 2013, pp.46-51. [10] Abhishek Kulkarni, Kalyani Bhutada and Ajay Shelorkar, - Determination of Mechanical Strength for High Grade Concrete by Partial Replacement of Artificial Sand, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET), ISSN: 2319-8753, Vol. 3, Issue 5, 2014. [11] Sonam Magare, Dr. M. B. Varma, - Experimental study of self-compacting concrete and conventional concrete by replacing natural sand with artificial sand, International Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science, Vol. 2, Issue 12, ISSN (online): 2348 – 7550, 2014, PP. 535-541. [12] P. Mogre1 and Dr. Dhananjay K. Parbat, Behaviour of Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete with Artificial Sand, International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES), ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 23191821, Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2012, pp.37- 40. [13] M. G. Shaikh, - Durability studies of concrete made by using artificial sand with dust and natural sand, International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, ISSN 0974-5904, Volume 04, No. 06 SPL, 2011, pp. 823-825. [14] T. Subbulakshmi, B. Vidivelli, - Mechanical Properties of High Performance Concrete in Corporating with Quarry Wastes, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Vol. 3, Issue-6, 2014, pp. 231-236. [15] IS: 12269: 1987, Specifications for 53 Grade Ordinary Portland cement. REFERENCES [1] A model document on impacts and methodology of systematic and scientific mining of the river bed material, Geological Survey of India. [2] M. Naveen Saviour, - Environmental impact of soil and sand mining : A review, International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 1, No. 3, 2012, pp. 125 – 134. [3] Prof. M. R. Wakchaure, Er. A.P.Shaikh, Er. B.E. Gite, - Effect of Types of Fine Aggregate on Mechanical Properties of Cement Concrete, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), ISSN: 2249-6645, Vol.2, Issue.5, 2012,pp-3723-3726. [4] [5] [6] [7] Page | 187 Prof. B. V. Venkatarama Reddy,- Suitability of manufactured sand (M-Sand) as fine aggregate in mortar and concrete, CSIC project, Govt. of Karnataka, 2012,CP 6597/0505/11-330. Saeed Ahmad and Shahid Mahmood, - Effects of crushed and natural sand on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete, 2008, 33rd conference on OUR WORLD IN CONCRETE & STRUCTURES, Singapore. Priyanka A. Jadhav and Dilip K. Kulkarni, - An experimental investigation on the properties of concrete containing manufactured sand, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology (IJAET), E-ISSN 0976-3945, Vol.III, Issue II, 2012, pp101-104. Puneet N., Radhakrishna and Praveen Kumar K., Mechanical Properties of Cement Concrete with Alternative Fine Aggregates, Journal of Civil Engineering Technology and Research, Volume 2, No.1, 2014, pp.129- 135. www.ijsart.com IJSART - Volume 1 Issue 4 –APRIL 2015 [16] IS: 383-1970, - Specifications for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [17] IS: 10262: 2009, recommended guidelines for concrete mix design, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [18] IS: 456-2000, -Code of practice for plain and Indian Standards, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [19] IS: 1199: 1959, Methods for sampling and analysis of concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [20] IS: 516 – 1959, Methods of tests for strength of concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. . Page | 188 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052 www.ijsart.com
© Copyright 2024