1. No category

US005563361A
United States Patent [19]
[11] Patent Number:
Kondo et al.
[45]
[54] ‘ AUTOMATIC ACCONIPANINIENT
APPARATUS
[75]
Inventors; Masao Kondo; Shinichi Ito; Hiroki
5,563,361
Date of Patent:
Oct. 8 3 1996
5,220,122
6/1993 Shibukawa .............................. .. 84/669
5,403,967
4/1995 Takano
5,410,098
4/1995
5,412,156
5/1995 Ikeda et a1. ......................... .. 84/637 X
Ito
84/613
. . .. ... .. . .
. . . . ..
84/613
Nakazono, all of Hamamatsu, Japan
[73] Assignee: Yamaha Corporation, Shizuoka-ken,
Japan
Prima')’ Examiner—winiam M- ShOOP’ Jr
Assistant Examiner-Jeifrey W. Donels
Attorney, Agent, or Firm—-R0ssi & Associates
[21] Appl. No.: 252,095
[22] Filed:
[30]
May 31, 1994
[57]
Foreign Application Priority Data
M1213;
'
In an automatic accompaniment apparatus in which a source
pattern produced on a basis of a predetermined chord is
?g: """"""""""""""""""""" "
’
'' ' ' ' ' '
ABSTRACT
memorized so that a tone pitch information of the source
'''"
pattern is converted in tone pitch in accordance with an input
[51]
Int. Cl.6
GlOH 1/38;G10H 7/00
chord designated by a player, a tone pitch conversion
[52]
[58]
U.S. Cl. ........................ .. 84/637; 84/613; 84/616
Field of Search ............................ .. 84/613, 616, 637,
34/654, 669
information is fonncd in accordance with an attribute of the
tone pitch information and the input chord, and the tone
pitch information is converted on a basis of the tone pitch
conversion information.
[56]
References Cited
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
5,216,188
6/1993 Shibukawa .............................. .. 84/637
/4
11
/q
KEYBQARD
/
2:52P“
‘ it
ACCOMPANIMENT
PATTERN
MEMORY
MEMORY
TABLE MEMORY
TABLE MEMORY
( ROM)
( ROM)
( ROM)
I
PROGRAM
MEMORY
( RAM)
( ROM)
3
f
/9
g’ggggE —>
\
2
*
CPU
<—>
\
1
7
ATBL(STP,NT)
STP
TYPE1
CLASSIFICATION TABLE
PITCH NAME (NT)
I
CC#DD#EFF#GG#AA#B
Maj
c1nsnc2nnc3nsnn
7-—9
c3nc1nnsnc4snc2n
OF
CHORD
2O
233%;
i:
WORKING
MEMORY
\
\
6
12
NOTE CONVERSION
i:
RHYTHM
PATTERN
/
CLASSIFICATION
i
( ROM)
\
16 Claims, 18 Drawing Sheets
TIMER
10
US. Patent
Oct. 8, 1996
Sheet 2 of 18
5,563,361
Fig.2
ATBL (STP,NT)
STP
PITCH NAME (NT)
i
TYPE1
CLASSIFICATION TABLE
CC#DD#EFF#GG#AA#B
Maj
c1nsnc2n'nc3nsnn
7—9
c3nc1nnsnc4snc2n
OF
CHORD
20
Fig .3 (A)
NT|'( O,TP,NT)
TP
PITCH NAME (NT)
L
TYPE
FOR CHORD TONE (cl) (CHORD BACKING)
CC#DD#EFF#GG#AA#B
1
Maj
2o
7_9
0-1—2-3-47e54321
OF
CHORD
210-1-2-3-47
654
3
Fig . 3 (B)
NTI'( 5, TP, NT)
TP
PITCH NAME (NT)
L
TYPE
FOR CHORD TONE (BASS)
OO#DD#EFF#GG#AA#B
1
Mai
0-1210-110—1~221
20
7-9
o1o-1—221o-1101
OF
CHORD
US. Patent
Oct. 8, 1996
Sheet 3 of 18
5,563,361
Fig .3 (C)
NTT( 6, TP, NT)
FOR SCALE TONE (5)
TP
PITCH NAME (NT)
i
TYPE
CC#DD#EFF#GG#AA#B
1
Mali
0
—1
0
20
7-9
0
~10
—1o—1
1
0
—1
O
~10
-11
OF
CHORD
—1
1
0
O
—1
O —~1
Fig.3 (D)
NTI'( 7. TP, NT)
FOR NON-SCALE TONE (n)
PITCH NAME (NT)
TP
)
TYPE
CC#DD#EFF#GG#AA#B
1
Maj
_1
0
0
0
_1
20
7-9
~1
0—1
0
0
0
0
—1
0
0
0
0
-1
o
0
-1
0
OF
CHORD
0
o
U.S. Patent
Oct. 8, 1996
5,563,361
Sheet 4 of 18
Fig.4
@
INITIALIZATION
CHORD DETECTION
SOUND/MUTE
RT <--ROOT OF- CHORD
TP (-TYPE OF CHORD
S6
No
ON-EVENT OF
PATTERN INPUT SWITCH
+ Yes
INPUT
ACCOMPANIMENT PATTERN AND
RHYTHM PATTERN (PATTERN No.i)
SR
INPUT CHORD OF ACCOMPANIMENT PATTERN
SRT(i)<— ROOT OF CHORD
STP(i) (—-'I'YPE OF CHORD
r
oN-EvENT OF
.,
PATTERN SELECTION SWITCH -
Yes
PTN (- SELECTED PATTERN N0.
No
ON-EVENT OF
START/STOP SWITCH
'
i Yes
INVERT "RUN"
No
Yes
RESET TIMING CLOCK
OTHER PROCESSING
I
US. Patent
0a. 8, 1996
Sheet 5 of 18
Fig.5
C
INTERRUPTION
3
READ OUT DATA FROM
/s22
RHYTHM PATTERN
[
PHT<—0
}/S'23
READ ouT DATA IN PART PRT OF
ACCOMPANIMENT PATTERN
NO
-
'
/S24
S25
REGENERATIVE DATA?
IKC<~1<EY CODE FOR SOUND GENERATION 1/828
No
Yes
S2D2\
TONE-"PITCH
CONVERSION (BASS)
/S201
TONE-PITCH CON
VERSION (CHORD)
OUTPUT KEY-ON SIGNAL,
KEY CODE KC & PART NUMBER PRT
OUTPUT KEY-‘OFF SIGNAL
& PART NUMBER PRT
'l‘O SOUND SOURCE
TO SOUND SOURCE
*
PRT<~PRT+1
N0
}/
$204
$205
Yes
couNT TIMING COUNTER
l/szoe
5,563,361
U.S. Patent
Oct. 8, 1996
Sheet 7 of 18
5,563,361
TONE-PITCH CONVERSION
( CHORD)
NT<—(KC-SRT(PTN)V) mod12
/S51
ATRB<—ATBL( STP( PTN) ,NT) /S52
Y
ATRB: cj
ATRB = s
ATRB= n
;
AT<-j —1
AT+—6
AT<—7
NT<~—(KC-RT) mod12
C
/653
/~°*54
D<— NTT( AT,TP,NT)
/$55
KC<— KC+D
/S56
RETURN
)
US. Patent
Oct. 8, 1996
Sheet 8 of 18
5,563,361
Fig .9
SCTBL( MD,TP,DG)
MD=O( Major
DG
AV SCALE TABLE
) ,TP=O( Major
FREQUENCY
SCHL
OF ROOT
AV
S
)
0
l
O
Ionian
5
|v
1
Lydian
8
bVl
2
Lydian
OTHER
FFH
_
CALE NAME
INDEFINI'I‘E
I
Fig .10
AVSCHL
( SCHL,NT)
NT
0
1
SCHL
C
0
2
CLASSIFICATION TABLE
3
4
5
6
7
s
C1$D
D?E
F
FgpG
c
n
, s
n
c
n
n
c
n
1
C
n
S
n
C
n
n
C
n
2
c
n
c
n
n
s
n
c
s
9
G?A
s
10
A?B
n
n
S
n
n
n
c
n
Fig .1 1
NTT ( 0, NT )
CHORD TONE (C)
PITCH NAME (N'I‘)
c0110
DitEF
0-1-2 --3—4
FgGGgA
A?B
6
2
5
4
3
11
US. Patent ‘
Oct. 8, 1996
Sheet 9 of 18
5,563,361
Fig. 12
RSSCHL ( TP, NT)
CLASSIFICATION TABLE
PITCH NAME (NT)
TP
l
CC#DD#EFF#GG#AA#B
TYPE1Maj
cnsncnncnsnn
OF
CHORD
20
7—9
US. Patent
Oct. 8, 1996
Sheet 10 of 1s }
5,563,361
Fig. 13
@
ON-EVENT
OF PATTERN INPUT SWITCH?
No
MEMORIZE PERFORMANCE OF ACCOMPANIMENT
/T4
PATTERN/RHYTHM PATTERN (PATTERN NO. i)
INPUT CHORD OF ACCOMPANIMENT PATTERN
SRT(i) <- ROOT OF CHORD
STP(i) £- TYPE OF CHORD
/T5
INPUT TONALITY OF ACCOMPANIMENT PATTERN
SS(i, Q)<—‘I'ONALITY TONIC
SS(i, l)<—TONALITY MODE
0N -EVEN
TONALITY SETTING sw
Yes
TN+INPUT 'I‘ONALITY TONIC /T7
MD<-INPUT TONALI'I‘Y MODE
AUTOMATIC FORMATION OF
/T8
NOTE CONVERSION TABLE I'NTT'
T9
ON-EVENT
OF TONALITY DETECTION MODE
SWITCH ?
T10
INVERT "TNMD"
/
US. Patent
0a. 8, 1996
Sheet 11 of 18
5,563,361
Fig.14
@
T11
ON-EVENT OF
No
PATTERN SELECTION SWITC '7
SELECTED PATTERN NO.
/T
12
T13
ON-EVENT OF
NO
START/STOP SWITCH
Yes
INVERT "RUN"
/T14
T15
No
Yes
RESET TIMING CLOCK
f
OTHER PROCESSING
/T16
/T17
US. Patent
Oct. 8, 1996
Sheet 12 of 18
5,563,361
Fig.15
C
KEY EVENT
/T23
CHORD DETECTION
SOUND / MUTE
RT <—ROOT OF CHORD
TP <——TYPE OF CHORD
AUTOMATIC DETECTION
T26
OF TONALITY
+
TN <— TONALITY TONIC
MD <— TONALITY MODE
T27
+
AUTOMATIC FORMATION
OF NOTE CONVERSION
TABLE "NTT"
C
RETURN
/T28
US. Patent
Oct. 8, 1996
Sheet 13 of 18
5,563,361
Fig.16
C
AUTOMATIC FORMATION OF "NTT"
)
T31
Yes
No
DG+~ ( RT—TN +12 ) mod12 W32
Jr
SCHL<—SCTBL( MD, TP, DG)
T33
T35
T37
'
Yes
/T38
FORMATION OF "NTT'
FOR CHORD TONE
FORMATION OF "mm"
FOR SCALE TONE
\.T301
FORMATION OF "NTT"
FOR NON-SCALE TONE
NOTE<—NOTE+1
N0
}/T3°3
T304
Yes
AT+—AT+1
No
T305
T306
Yes
Q
RETURN
US. Patent
Oct. 8, 1996
Sheet 17 of 18
5,563,361
Fig .20
NO
READ OUT DATA FROM
/T72
RHYTHM PATTERN
I
PRT
A0
l/T73
READ OUT DATA FROM PART PRT
OF AccOMPANIMENT PATTERN
/T74
NO
REGENERATIVE DATA?
KEY CODE FOR SOUND GENERATION
+
TONE-PITCH cONvERsION
+
/T79
/T701
/T77
OUTPUT KEY-ON SIGNAL.
KEY-OFF SIGNAL &
KEY CODE KC & PART NUMBER
PR'I’ TO sOUND SOURCE
PART NUMBER PR'I'
TO sOUND SOURCE
|
PHT<—PRT+1
No
Q
T702
T703
Yes
L cOUNT TIMING COUNTER
@
|/T7°4
5,563,361
1
2
AUTOMATIC ACCOMPANIMENT
APPARATUS
an attribute of the tone pitch information of the source
pattern; means for forming a tone pitch conversion infor
mation in accordance with the attribute and the input chord;
and tone pitch conversion means for converting the tone
pitch information on a basis of the tone pitch conversion
information.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is
provided an automatic accompaniment apparatus in which a
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electronic automatic
source pattern produced on a basis of a predetermined chord
is memorized so that a tone pitch information of the source
accompaniment apparatus for harmonizing automatic
accompaniment with performance of a player on a basis of
pattern is converted in tone pitch in accordance with an input
a preliminarily memorized accompaniment pattern and/or an
chord, the accompaniment apparatus comprising input
accompaniment pattern selected by the player.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In a conventional automatic accompaniment apparatus of
this kind, various kinds of accompaniment patterns are
memorized in accordance with each style of musical tune
such as rock music, country music or the like. In operation
of the accompaniment apparatus, an accompaniment pattern
is selected from the memorized accompaniment patterns by
operation of a player to automatically harmonize the
selected accompaniment with an input chord applied from a
keyboard. In general, the accompaniment patterns each are
means for inputting a tonality information; determination
means for determining an attribute of the tone pitch infor
mation of the source pattern; means for producing a tone
pitch conversion information on a basis of the attribute, the
input chord and the tonality information; and tone pitch
conversion means for converting the tone pitch information
20
According to another aspect of the present invention,
there is provided an automatic accompaniment apparatus in
which a source pattern produced on a basis of a predeter
composed of a set of tone pitch data indicative of each tone
mined chord is memorized so that a tone pitch information
of the source pattern is converted in tone pitch in accordance
pitch of accompaniment tones and timing data indicative of
a sound timing. The tone pitch data is represented by
key-codes on a basis of predetermined chords such as C
Major or the like and is produced as a source pattern taking
into account of tone pitch conversion effected in accordance
with the type and root of the input chord. In operation of the 30
accompaniment apparatus, the key-codes of the source pat
tern are converted in tone pitch in accordance with the type
35
as a note conversion table in accordance with the type of the
production means for producing a second tone pitch con
version information on a basis of the attribute and the input
of the source pattern on a basis of the ?rst and second tone
pitch conversion information.
40
data is read out from the note conversion table in compliance
with the type of the input chord and calculated as the
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Additional objects, features and advantages of the present
key-code of the source pattern to obtain a suitable accom
paniment pattern in accordance with the type of the chord.
The accompaniment pattern includes, however, omamen
detection means for detecting a tonality of the performance
information; determination means for determining whether
the tonality has been detected or not; ?rst production means
for producing a ?rst tone pitch conversion information on a
chord when the tonality has not been detected; and tone pitch
conversion means for converting the tone pitch information
input chord to convert the source pattern in tone pitch in
compliance with the type of the input chord. Thus, the shift
with an input chord, the accompaniment apparatus compris
ing input means for inputting a performance information;
basis of the attribute, the input chord and the tonality
information when the tonality has been detected; second
of the input chord applied from the keyboard, and all the
converted tone pitches are shifted in accordance with the
root of the input chord to produce an accompaniment tone at
a tone pitch harmonized with the input chord.
In addition, the shift data of the key-codes is memorized
of the source pattern on a basis of the tone pitch conversion
information.
45
tal tones other than the chord constituent notes. It is,
therefore, required to convert the ornamental tones in tone
invention will be more readily appreciated from the follow
ing detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof
when taken together with reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic musical
pitch in accordance with the kind of the accompaniment
instrument provided with an automatic accompaniment
pattern in order to obtain an optimal accompaniment pattern.
apparatus in accordance with the present invention;
As a result, a producer of the pattern is forced to produce the 50
FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a classi?cation table
note conversion table for each source pattern or each kind of
adapted to the accompaniment apparatus;
accompaniment patterns for effecting the tone pitch conver
FIGS. 3(A) to 3(D) each illustrate a note conversion table;
sron.
FIG. 4 is a ‘flow chart of a main routine of a control
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
55
program to be executed by a central processing unit shown
in FIG 1;
It is, therefore, a primary object of the present invention
to provide an electronic automatic accompaniment appara
tus wherein it is not required to produce the note conversion
table for each source pattern.
According to the present invention, the primary object is
accomplished by providing an automatic accompaniment
FIG. 5 is a ?ow chart of an interruption routine of the
program;
FIG. 6 is a ?ow chart of a subroutine for tone pitch
conversion of a chord pattern;
FIG. 7 is a ?ow chart of a subroutine for tone pitch
conversion of a base pattern;
FIG. 8 is a ?ow chart of a modi?cation of the subroutine
apparatus in which a source pattern produced on a basis of
a predetermined chord is memorized so that a tone pitch
information of the source pattern is converted in tone pitch 65 shown in FIG. 6;
in accordance with an input chord, the accompaniment
FIG. 9 illustrates an example of an AV scale table adapted
apparatus comprising determination means for determining
to a modi?ed control program;