1. No category

Challenges of Integrating Renewables
Experiences of 50Hertz and in Germany
IWPC, Session 9
Istanbul, 01.04.2015
Olaf Ziemann
Agenda
− Who is 50Hertz?
− Which are the challenges with renewables?
− Which solutions do we apply?
Requirements for System Operation
Requirements for Grid Extension
− How do we see the future?
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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50Hertz as a fully unbundled TSO
Energinet.dk
60 %
40 %
TenneT
TenneT
PL
Amprion
CZ
F
Transnet
BW
CH
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
A
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50Hertz as a part of the European Electricity System
1
3
2
4
3
1.50Hertz
2.TenneT TSO
3.Amprion
4.TransnetBW
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
4
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TSOs are the Backbone for the Energy Supply
The four Core Activities:
Responsibility for Society
- Transmission Grid Operator
(Assets On- and Offshore)
- System Operator
- Market Facilitator
- ”Trustee“ for RES- and
CHP-Processes
EU Market
Development
The TSO and especially 50Hertz play a key role for the German Society.
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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50Hertz at a glance – situation in late 2014
Value (Share in DE)
109,360 km² (31%)
Total length of lines
9,855 km (29%)
Maximum load
~ 16 GW (21%)
Energy consumption
(based on electricity supplied to final
consumers in acc. with the EEG)
~ 95 TWh (20%)
Installed capacity:
- of which Renewables
- of which Wind
~ 47,802 MW (~24%)
24,938 MW (~29%)
14,637 MW (~38%)
Workforce
Turnover
- of which grid
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
893
8,569 billion €
0.976 billion €
6
6 / 38
Provisional data, approved values will be available on June 2015; Source: 50Hertz as at 31/12/2014
Area
Agenda
− Who is 50Hertz?
− Which are the challenges with renewables?
− Which solutions do we apply?
− How do we see the future?
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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EU and GermanTargets for 2030
EU: Binding CO2 Reduction 40%
compared to 1990
GER: CO2 Reduction 55%
EU: No binding target
of 30% for energy efficiency
(review for 27% by 2020)
GER: Set of concrete targets
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
EU: Binding EU-wide
share of RES 27%
GER: share of RES 47%
(2014: achieved 27%)
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Three phases of RES development in Germany
Phase I
RE as niche
< 10%
RES
• Strong onshore wind
development, first PV
development
• First adaptations for system
operations to accommodate
volatile RES (e.g. weather
forecasts, data exchange
and direct control, billing for
RES)
Phase II
RE going mainstream
10-40%
RES
Phase III
RE becoming dominant
> 40%
RES
• Strong PV development, first
offshore wind, continued
onshore wind development
(incl. ‘repowering’)
• Strong offshore wind
development, continued PV
and onshore wind
development
• Flexibility of conventional
generation increasingly
important (redispatch,
decrease must run)
• Major system changes
required (new support
programs, new market
design, new grid design and
structure, TSO-DSO-coop)
• Real-time data exchange and
direct control of RES
• System increasingly
approaching n-1-limits leads
to develop grid infrastructure
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
• RES to fulfill role of
conventional (system
services as control power,
inertia contribution)
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Expansion of Renewable Energy Sources in
Germany, 97% installed at DSO level
2000
2025 Forecast *
2006
~ 30,000 plants
~ 1,500,000 plants
wind
photovoltaics
biomass
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
~ 3,000,000 plants
*) Scenario B of the 2025 GDP
Area proportional to installed capacity
Source: 50Hertz, TenneT, Amprion, TransnetBW, Google Earth
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Increasing distance between consumption and
production
capacity balance 2012 (MW)
capacity balance 2022 (MW)
Source: GDP 2012, German TSO 31.01.2012
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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2012
2013
17%
28%
2011
____ Load ≤ 50%
____ 50% < Load < 70%
> 70%
55%
19%
35%
45%
18%
34%
12%
38%
47%
2010
50%
63%
26% 11%
Gap between RES and Grid Development lead to
increased load flows in the 50Hertz area in 2014
>50%;
≤70%
≤ 50%
2014
____
____
Load ≥ 70%
No Values
Asynchronous line load > 5h/a
Grid load increases dramatically due to the changes in energy production.
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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Fluctuating feed-in of renewable energies – wind
energy data
Data feed-in of wind energy at
50Hertz (2014)
Maximum feed-in
Minimal feed-in
Feed-in wind energy (19/12/2014 – 25/12/2014)
11,972 MW
0 MW
Biggest increase
within ¼ hour
1,267 MW
Biggest decrease
within ¼ hour
- 979 MW
Biggest difference
between
Min and Max within
one calendar day
8,789 MW
Coreso
Maximum at 24.12.2014, 11:15 a.m. with 11,972 MW
High requirements on forecasts, controlling ability and system operation.
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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Need for Measures on December 24, 2014
Vertical load
Net infeed
Total RES (Wind, PV, others)
Consumption
Consumption load,
load, calc.
calc.
Wind infeed, calc.
PV infeed, calc.
Others, calc.
RES infeed > Consumption Load
Redispatch: 01:30 – 24:00 hour, max. 5,492 MW, 69,6 GWh
Curtailment: 00:30 – 20:45 hour, max.
200 MW, 3,6 GWh
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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Agenda
− Who is 50Hertz?
− Which are the challenges with renewables?
− Which solutions do we apply?
Requirements for System Operation
Requirements for Grid Extension
− How do we see the future?
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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Tool Box of Measures developed for Security of
Supply (excerpt)
Market related
Measures
Net related
Measures
Curtailment
with RES
Reserve Power
Stations
Cooperation
Redispatch
with Conv.
Gen.
Switchable Load
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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Increasing complexity for Redispatch and need for
coordination
Organization of Redispatch (fig. left) for flow reduction requires a
lot of interfierings in generation and increasing demand for
coordination (fig. above) for predictions and realization (Coreso
and TSC are initiatives of TSO‘s to coordinate security of supply)
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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System security: Interventions to solve congestions
Volumes and Costs for Redispatch (§ 13.1 EnWG)
Volume
in GWh
Share of
conv. Feed in1
5.000
6,00%
4.500
5,00%
4.000
120
4,00%
3.000
80
2.500
3,00%
60
2.000
2,00%
1.500
1.000
0
2009 2010
2011 2012
2013 2014
40
1,00%
20
0,00%
0
500
2
High yearly costs for Redispatch could be
significantly reduced by Grid Expansion.
2
140
100
3.500
1
Cost
in Mio. €
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
20142
TenneT Redispatch in direction 50Hertz
Redispatch international
Redispatch national control area 50Hertz
Electricity consumption (supply to end users lt. EEG)within Control Area 50Hertz
Preliminary values
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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System security: Interventions to solve congestions
Volumes and Costs for Curtailment of feed in from Wind (§ 13.2 EnWG/§14 EEG)
Volume
in GWh
Share from total
Feed in of ES1
1,00%
500
Cost
in Mio. €
30
450
0,80%
400
350
25
20
300
0,60%
250
15
200
0,40%
10
150
100
0,20%
5
50
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2
0,00%
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2
Curtailment of feed in from Wind still doesn‘t play an important role
(0,66% of total feed in of RES).
1
2
Feed in of RES within Control Area 50Hertz
Preliminary values
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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Stress on European neighbour grids due to
unplanned load flows – 50Hertz-measures
Phase shifters
(physical PST)
Redispatch
(„virtual PST“)
-
reduces SoS-relevant
flows
ensuring efficiency and
cost effectiveness =
challenge
short-term
-
reduces SoS-relevant
flows
investment required
middle-term
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
Grid expansion
-
ensures SoS in entire
system
enables integrated
European market
long-term
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The power system in the 50Hertz grid area
TSO-Level
8 Windfarms
7 onshore
1 offshore
7 TSO
Amprion
TenneT
TransnetBW
3 Steel corpor.
12 conv. power plants/storages
Schwarze Pumpe
Boxberg
Jänschwalde
Lippendorf (R+S)
Reuter West
Goldisthal
CEPS
Energinet.dk
PSE
8 Distribution System Operators
1200 Windfarms
E.DIS
ENSO Netz
HSN Magdeburg
MITNETZ Strom
PV-, biomass- and other RES
Stromnetz Berlin
Stromnetz Hamburg
TEN
WEMAG Netz
Cascading
DSO - 1. Level
Markersbach
Hohenwarte II
Brunsbüttel (gpp)
Moorburg
Rostock
Schkopau
CHP & IPP
DSO - 2. till m. Level
200 Windfarms
141 Distribution System Operators
CHP & IPP
Other DSOs
CHP & IPP
PV-, biomass- and other RES
DSO - n. Level
PV-, biomass- and other RES
As at 12/2013
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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The Energiewende has been a major driver for
corporate development
Examples of new corporate initiatives and business fields
- Trading room for RE (‘Front Office’)
- ‘GridLab’-center for grid simulations and operator training purposes
- International system security entities such as Coreso, TSO Security
Cooperation
- Transnational market and capacity allocation initiatives such as EMCC,
CASC, CAO
- Coordinated grid planning among German TSOs and on European level
- Extensive competence- and experience-building in RE forecasting
- New departments and functions, new staff across all functions (+30%
since 2009)
New challenges have led to new areas of operation, new
competences, and new jobs.
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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Investment in 2014 at record high
700
600
38
50
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
500
Instandhaltung
Maintenance
37
400
154
300
51
200
37
100
0
308
45
40
3
114
38
46
107
43
131
39
110
72
105
535
248
114
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
264
Offshore
144
0
Onshore
Offshore
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Maintenance
Instandhaltung
Plan
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Onshore
Investment record high was driven by increased Offshore-Investment.
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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New Process of electricity grid planning in germany
2015
Government
will adopt
draft 2. Federal
Requirement
Plan
Source: Federal Network Agency
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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Hybride-Grid AC/DC based on Federal Requirement Plan as
foundation for the grid expansion
Anhanced Network Development
Plan by TSO’s 2014
Federal Requirement Plan (FRP)
Act adopted by German Plan of
the TSOs 2012
- 36 projects confirmed
- 3 HVDC corridors
- Current Grid Development Plan
• confirms FRP
• recommends 3 measures
- Law of FRP about to be updated
in 2015 and 2018
AC Reinforcement
AC New Construction
DC-Connections
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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Grid development is essential to allow
higher RES penetration
Tasks of the Grid:
• Geographic balancing
of volatile RES
generation
• Accommodate
decentral generation
and generation by
smaller units on lower
voltage levels
(
upward feeds, i.e.
change from supply to
feed back)
The grid of the future will be increasingly dense and more meshed.
TYNDP and PCIs are agreed upon and monitored on European Level.
TYNDP = Ten Years Network Development Plan
PCI = Project of Common Interest
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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Agenda
− Who is 50Hertz?
− Which are the challenges with renewables?
− Which solutions do we apply?
− How do we see the future?
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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Future Needs for “Energiewende”
Acceptance
Cooperation/
Coordination
Contributions from
RES to System
Stability
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
Grid Extension
European
Perspective
28
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Acceptance by Transparency, dialogue and information
Publication of load flow
data
-
-
New approaches to
project communication
Compensation payments for
municipalities
-
High degree of
transparency
Available online in a
comprehensible format
On-the-hour
representation of the grid
situation in the past 24
hours
Online since 20/04/2012
-
-
Timely information for
affected parties in grid
expansion areas
Better dialogue and
more active participation
Support instruments such
as the mobile information
office, project website,
hotline, local meetings
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
Cost sharing for
municipalities pursuant to
the provisions of section 5
of the StromNEV
Max. 40,000 € per km
Model agreement
developed in 2012
Mechanism first applied to
Northern Line between
Schwerin and Hamburg
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Future Demand for Storage Technologies
Comparison of Storage Technologies
Gas Grid with highest storage capacities in Germany
hours
1 year
1 Month
1 day
In Operation today:
mainly Pump Storage
(state: 0,04 TWh)
Benefit for Future:
- furtheron Pump Storage
- many small contributions
- big amount PtG?
(demand: 2/20-200TWh)
Many decentralized
storages could deliver big
contribution (peak
shaving)?
Exchange/Use with
Interconnectors
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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Grid development and storage
SE
(34 TWh)
DE
(0,04 TWh*)
CH
(9 TWh)
AU
(3 TWh)
85,0
.85,0
100
80
60
34,0
.34,0
40
9,0
.9,0
20
NOR
SWE
CH
3,0
.3,0
0,05
AUT
DE
Yearly surpluses in Germany
60000
Surplus due to fluctuating inflow
40000
2012
2030
2050
2020
2040
20000
MW 0
-20000
-40000
Essential dispatchable power
Hours per year
generation
-60000
1
1001 2001 3001 4001 5001 6001 7001 8001
Source: World Energy Council, 2012
NO
(84 TWh)
* Maximum available storage capacity of water reservoirs in 2011
Maximum available storage capacity of
water storage in 2011 (in TWh)
Study of World Energy Council proves high economic value between GER and Nordic countries
(between 7 and 12 GW!)
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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Further challenges ahead
The quality of RES and load forecasts has increased, but still should be further
developed
Online data exchange between TSOs and their customers is to be further improved,
controllability of generators and loads in underlying grids should be ensured
Large gradients of RES and changing weather forecasts are drivers for intraday
markets and ¼ hour products. Trading of ¼ hour products should be strengthened,
liquidity is to be further increased
To further promote decarbonisation of the electricity supply, new options for ancillary
services and flexibility must be made available
Those responsible for balancing groups should be motivated to improve balancing
group management. High penalties should ensure that balancing group deviations
are significantly reduced
Source: 50Hertz
Challenges of Integrating Renewables / Istanbul, 01.04.2015 / Olaf Ziemann
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Many thanks for attention!
Olaf Ziemann
50Hertz Transmission GmbH
Eichenstraße 3A
12435 Berlin
+49 30 5150 4590
[email protected]
www.50hertz.com
Istanbul, 01.04.2015