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Kalina Calantoc
Developing and Implementing an Elementary School Garden Program in Honolulu
Dr. Jennifer Herring - Advisor and Statewide Program Coordinator
Elementary Institute for Teacher Education
Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program
Proposal 2015
Inquiry
This study focuses on developing and implementing a school garden program at the University Laboratory
School during the school year 2015-2016. School garden programs have great potential but can be difficult to
implement and maintain. While there are local resources in Hawaii that provide general guidelines on designing
a school gardening program, these guidelines lack the detailed instructions necessary to build a garden program
specifically designed for elementary school use in Hawaii.
The literature reveals that school garden programs are beneficial to our children’s education because they
reconnect children to place; improve environmental attitudes and awareness about the environment (Skelly,
1998); create respect and appreciation for nature (Lohr, 2005); improve life skills such as working with groups,
self-understanding, leadership, decision-making, communication, and volunteerism (Zajicek, 2005); improve
and increase students’ preference of fruits and vegetables and their knowledge in nutrition (Pothukuchi, 2004);
and can significantly increase students’ achievement and behavior in school (C.D. Klemmer, 2005).
Objectives and Methods
The primary objective of this study is to develop the professional knowledge, skills and experience necessary to
develop and implement a school gardening program that is integral to the second and third grade curriculum at
the University Laboratory School. The opportunity to attend the California Farm to School Conference in May
2015 will provide professional development for obtaining skills in school garden innovation, garden-enhanced
curriculum, recycling and composting systems designed for schools, and ways that garden education can
influence political change across a school district. The review of literature for this study will reveal the existing
body of knowledge regarding the implementation of elementary school gardening programs and the challenges
associated with maintaining these programs. The research project for this study, specifically, will provide
insight on the perceptions of faculty, staff, parents and students related to developing and implementing a
school garden program.
The research methodology for the school garden project includes qualitative data collected from multiple
sources using multiple methods. The participants in the study include the three teachers in grades K-5, selected
school staff, parents from grades 2 and 3, and students from grade 2 and 3 at the University Laboratory School
The multiple methods include interviews, surveys, observations, student notebooks and professional
communications. Quantitative data gathered will include information related to program costs, time devoted to
developing and implementing the project, program volunteers, the value of resources donated, and the yield of
produce in pounds during a specific time frame.
The research findings and recommendations from this school garden research project at University Laboratory
School will identify the challenges associated with implementing an elementary school gardening program in an
elementary public charter school in Hawaii and describe ways to overcome the challenges. This research project
may also help the classroom teacher to better understand the impact school gardens may have on the school
community and student learning in a second and third grade classroom.
Kalina Calantoc
Developing and Implementing an Elementary School Garden Program in Honolulu
Dr. Jennifer Herring - Advisor and Statewide Program Coordinator
Elementary Institute for Teacher Education
Timeline:
Element
May
Receive IRB approval
CA Farm to School
Conference, May 4-6
2015
http://www.cafarmtos
choolconference.org/
Complete final Honors
proposal and present
at Spring Symposium,
May 8, 2015
Clear and prepare
garden site, start
seeds
Literature Review
Collect dataInterview, survey
teachers, parents,
students
Organize school
garden committee
Gain momentum and
support for school
garden - organize
work days, request
donations, flyers
Initial Weekend Work
Days and Master
Gardener Trainings
Start school gardening
club (lunch and after
school)
On-going garden
management
Design and teach
curriculum revolving
around the garden
X
Students will keep
garden journals that I
will collect as data
Data Analysis
Work on thesis paper
Work on poster and
oral presentation
June
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
X
X
X
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X
X
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Feb
Mar
Apr
May
X
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Kalina Calantoc
Developing and Implementing an Elementary School Garden Program in Honolulu
Dr. Jennifer Herring - Advisor and Statewide Program Coordinator
Elementary Institute for Teacher Education
Present thesis at
Spring Symposium
2016
X
Applicant’s Role
I will continue to conduct my review of literature and develop a local awareness of other successful school
gardening programs on Oahu. I plan to attend a national conference on the Farm to School movement which
will cover unique aspects and models of garden enhanced nutrition education, how to integrate Farm to School
in the elementary school setting, how to align garden curriculum with Common Core standards, and how to
gather resources to support Farm to School and garden efforts. I plan to use the knowledge and skills I develop
through these endeavors, along with identifying existing local resources, to design and build a school gardening
program on Oahu that addresses the challenges associated with school garden programs. After obtaining
research approval from IRB, I will begin to gather the data for my research which includes conducting
interviews and surveys with teachers, staff, parents and students at the University Laboratory School in grades
K-5. I will also develop curriculum for the students in my second and third grade classroom to provide garden
experiences, as well as analyze students’ garden-related lesson work and journal entries. After collecting and
analyzing data, I will present my findings at the Spring Symposium 2016.
Biographical Sketch
I received my AA degree from Kapiolani Community College in 2014 and I am currently a junior, enrolled as a
full-time student, at the University of Hawaii at Manoa in the College of Education Bachelor of Education
Program in Elementary Education, K-6. I am the mother of two young children, a two-year old son and a threemonth old daughter. One of my courses, ITE 317 Field Experience, includes working in an elementary
classroom. I work with mentor teacher, Kela Vitale, in the 2nd and 3rd grade combined class at University
Laboratory School two full days a week during Spring 2015 and Fall 2015, and will work in this classroom fulltime during the student teaching semester in Spring 2016. In addition to being a full-time student who is also
enrolled in the Honors program, I am a scholar of the Ethnomathematics and STEM Institute, a competitive and
intensive cultural professional development program for Hawaii’s DOE educators. I am highly motivated and
dedicated to becoming the best possible educator I can be and I look forward to continuing my higher
education. Outside of my academics, I am a competitive canoe paddler and I sit on various committees within
my canoe club to plan and coordinate club events. I am also a crewmember of Hokule’a and Hikianalia,
currently training to take part in the World Wide Voyage. I also volunteer with Kokua Hawaii Foundation in
their ‘Aina In Schools program, which brings garden experiences to selected schools and classrooms across the
state of Hawaii. I believe we need to re-connect our young students with the environment through place-based
and project-based learning. Through my research on school gardens, I hope to develop the knowledge, skills
and experience to help guide schools across our state in developing and implementing a successful school
gardening program as an outdoor classroom that is integral to the elementary curriculum.
Kalina Calantoc
Developing and Implementing an Elementary School Garden Program in Honolulu
Dr. Jennifer Herring - Advisor and Statewide Program Coordinator
Elementary Institute for Teacher Education
Addendum 1 – Itemized Budget and Justification:
ITEMS:
COST
PER
TOTAL
QUANTITY:
ITEM
COST:
(dollars):
VENDOR:
"The California Farm to School Conference will
be held May 4 to 6, 2015 at Asilomar in Pacific
Grove, CA. The conference will offer a series
of workshops, panels and discussions that will
be of significant educational and networking
value to attendees who will represent all
facets of the farm to school movement,
including farmers, distributors, government
representatives, procurement officers,
educators, and food program administrators"
(http://www.cafarmtoschoolconference.org/).
I plan to participate in Track 2 of the
conference, Programs on the Farm and in the
Garden, which will cover unique aspects of
school gardens, child nutrition, and gardenintegrated education.
CA Farm To
School
Conference-
Conference
Cost of
Attendance
Roundtrip
Flight
Lodging +
Meals +
Incidental Rate
TransportationCar Rental
SECTION
TOTAL:
Gardening
Toolsgloves (12
pack)
JUSTIFICATION:
1 400
CA Farm to
Conference takes place Mon-Wed, 5/4/15 School
5/6/15
Conference
1 500
Hawaiian
Airlines
Honolulu to San Jose Roundtrip, Depart for
San Jose Sun. night, leave San Jose Thurs.
morning
202
4 808
Per diem
rate for
Monterey
County
Lodging and meals for the duration of
conference
470
1 470
Budget
Rent-A-Car
Travel to/from airport, to off-site meals.
Vehicle was quoted for $357 + $113 fees
Home
Depot
Vendor for all gardening tools is Home Depot.
400
500
2178
42
2 84
One pair for each student in a single class
Kalina Calantoc
Developing and Implementing an Elementary School Garden Program in Honolulu
Dr. Jennifer Herring - Advisor and Statewide Program Coordinator
Elementary Institute for Teacher Education
tall shovel-flat
tall shoveldigging
tall pick
tall pitchfork
tall hoe
tall rake- leaf
tall rake- bow
tall cultivator
hand trowels
hand dandelion
digger
hand cultivator
pruners
watering can
water drip-line
kit
19
1 19
19
1 19
19
30
19
10
19
19
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
19
30
19
10
19
19
36
All TALL gardening tools will be needed for
garden work days where students, families,
and teachers will work together on the garden
space.
For groups of students to use
For students to help dig roots and remove
weeds
For groups of students to use
Enough for groups of students and/or adults
to use on work days
9
5 45
9
4 36
15
3 45
5
3 15
Enough for groups of students to water plants
5 90
To allow garden to be watered when classes
are not working in it, quantity will cover each
raised bed
18
47
1 47
To allow garden to be watered when classes
are not working in it
Garden needs access to a water source
10
1 10
For watering lawn and other large areas
5 gallon bucket
4
8 32
wheel barrow
baskets for
harvesting
small
gardening tool
shed
SECTION
TOTAL:
98
1 98
5
5 25
water timer
hose- 100ft
hose spray
nozzle
0
450
1 450
1167
For weeding, mixing, tools, group buckets,
and utility
To move soil, weeds, leaves, etc
10 baskets=one basket for each pair of
students, plus 2 baskets for adults
To store all gardening supplies: keep tools dry,
out of the sun, and locked away
Kalina Calantoc
Developing and Implementing an Elementary School Garden Program in Honolulu
Dr. Jennifer Herring - Advisor and Statewide Program Coordinator
Elementary Institute for Teacher Education
Shading
Structure and
Outdoor
Classroom
Areablack sun
screen 6'x20'
concrete blocks
posts
fasteners- one
bag
carpet seats
(2'x1.5' cuts)
garden chairs
45
Shade structure will provide a gathering
space, outdoor classroom, reading space
Will be donated
Will be donated
1 45
0
0
6
3 18
0
18
Will be donated
Chairs for students to read in, to promote a
love for reading
3 54
SECTION
TOTAL:
117
Building Tools
and Supplies-
Home
Depot
hammer
nails (5 lb pack)
wood planks
2"x12"x20'
wood planks
2"x4"x20'
20
12
1 20
1 12
53
3 159
13
13
outdoor paint
15
2 30
paint roller
electric drill
drill bit set
circular saw
sander
tape measure
level
ruler
square
safety glasses
9
120
15
70
80
16
10
10
15
16
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
18
120
15
70
80
16
10
10
15
16
These tools will be necessary in order to build
the raised beds, shade structures, and
composting bins. Vendor for all building tools
and supplies will be Home Depot.
To build raised garden beds: 3 beds total.
Each bed= 10'L x 4'W x 24"D
To build compost bin
To paint raised bed planks, Behr brand,
"Outdoor Fence and Barn white paint"
Kalina Calantoc
Developing and Implementing an Elementary School Garden Program in Honolulu
Dr. Jennifer Herring - Advisor and Statewide Program Coordinator
Elementary Institute for Teacher Education
sawhorse- set
of 2
utility knife
tool box
38
1 38
10
1 10
40
1 40
SECTION
TOTAL:
To hold all of the building tools, prolonging
their life
692
Growing
SuppliesTotal soil mix needed to fill three 10'x4'x24"
raised beds= 10 cubic yards, 50% will be
screened top soil, 50% will be a combo of 5
different composts
SOIL MIX:
screened top
soil (1 cubic
yard)
50
5 250
Hawaiian
Earth
Products
Bulk order
soil conditioner
compost (1
cubic yard)
35
1 35
Hawaiian
Earth
Products
Bulk order
0
1 0
Free at Starbucks and other coffee shops.
0
1 0
Free
0
1 0
Free
coffee grounds
(up to 1 cubic
yard)
kitchen
compost (1
cubic yard)
leaves/yard
trimmings (1
cubic yard)
PLANTS: one
packet of seeds
seedling trays
SECTION
TOTAL:
3
40 120
3
5 15
420
This will be the available budget for some
seeds and seedlings, but I am working on
arranging to have many plants donated.
Plants will include: lettuce, tomatoes, carrots,
cucumbers, radishes, bell peppers, soybeans,
bush beans, basil, herbs, and pumpkins
To start seeds
Kalina Calantoc
Developing and Implementing an Elementary School Garden Program in Honolulu
Dr. Jennifer Herring - Advisor and Statewide Program Coordinator
Elementary Institute for Teacher Education
Stipend-
Per Hour
Requested
Donationstires
old doors
old windows
pallets
benches
recyclable
items
chair cushions
TOTAL COST
OF PROJECT:
12
35 420
Initial 6-hour work day x 5 = 30 hours
5 hours per week x 20 weeks = 100 hours
To remain within budget I list only 35 hours
here, but I intend on working well over 130
hours for the entirety of my research project.
I hope to have these items donated, so they
will be free of charge.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4994
Kalina Calantoc
Developing and Implementing an Elementary School Garden Program in Honolulu
Dr. Jennifer Herring - Advisor and Statewide Program Coordinator
Elementary Institute for Teacher Education
Addendum 2 – Annotated Bibliography
Author: Title:
Type:
Laurie W. The Factors
PhD
Demarco
Affecting
Dissertation
Elementary School
Teachers’
Integration of
School Gardening
Into the
Curriculum
O’ahu
Master
Gardeners
in
cooperation
with Kokua
Hawaii
Foundation
School Garden
Basics Workshop
For Educators
Workshop
Powerpoint
APA Citation:
Summary:
“This study examined the
factors that affect the
successful use of school
gardening as a teaching
strategy in the elementary
school curriculum”
(DeMarco). DeMarco
referred to a national
survey conducted in ’95
that identified logistical
and educational factors that
were important to the
successful use of school
gardening at their school.
DeMarco also personally
interviewed 28 teachers
about their concerns for
their use of school
gardening. DeMarco
analyzed the survey and
interview data.
College of Tropical This powerpoint reviews
Agriculture and
six modules of the “School
Human
Garden Basics Workshop
Resources. Schoo
for Educators.” These
l Garden Basics
modules include:
Workshop For
Educators [Power
Introduction; Soils and
Point slides].
Composting; Life of
Retrieved from
Plants; Natural
http://www.ctahr.h
DeMarco, L. W.
(1997). THE
FACTORS
AFFECTING
ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL
TEACHERS’INTE
GRATION OF
SCHOOL
GARDENING
INTO THE
CURRICULUM (D
octoral
dissertation,
Virginia
Polytechnic
Institute and State
University).
Assessment:
Info is reliable but
not pertinent to
Hawaii schools,
culture, and
teachers’ needs.
Study also did not
implement any type
of gardening
program, it only
assessed the survey
and interviews of
teachers and
identified factors
that affect school
gardening programs
in Virginia.
Reflection:
This study helps me to
focus on the factors that
are needed to run a
successful school
gardening program. I
would like to use these
factors in my interviews
of local teachers and in
my actual
implementation of a
school gardening
program.
Information is
reliable and has been
designed by the
Master Gardeners of
the College of
Tropical Agriculture
and Human
Resources
This will be a great
resource for me to use
when I go about
building the garden.
This will also help guide
me in creating a “garden
team/club,” thinking
about safety and
Kalina Calantoc
Developing and Implementing an Elementary School Garden Program in Honolulu
Dr. Jennifer Herring - Advisor and Statewide Program Coordinator
Elementary Institute for Teacher Education
awaii.edu/uhmg/d
ownloads/SGIntro_School_Gar
den_Programs_20
12.pdf
Sanchez,
Eduardo
Local Government
Actions to Prevent
Childhood Obesity
Parker,
Lynn
Burns,
Annina
Catherine
Wendy
Wolfe
Preventing
childhood obesity
at school, at home,
and in the
community
Book (print
and ebook)
Eduardo
Sanchez, L. P.
(2009). Local
Link to ebook: Government
http://site.ebrar Actions to
y.com.eres.libr Prevent
ary.manoa.haw Childhood
aii.edu/lib/uhm Obesity.
anoa/reader.act Washington
ion?docID=10 D.C.: National
379893&ppg= Academies
13
Press.
Article
Preventing
Link to article: childhood
http://web.b.eb obesity at school,
scohost.com.er at home, and in
es.library.mano the community.
a.hawaii.edu/e (2003). Human
host/detail/deta Ecology, 31(2),
il?sid=0d0d1ff 23.
a-6fac-4738-
Environment of Hawaii;
Let’s Plant; Insects,
Disease, and IPM. This is a
great resource for the
hands-on part of starting a
school garden. PPT
provides many resources
and easy-to-read guides on
how to start a school
garden.
This book is easy to read
and gives practical
suggested actions to
decrease childhood obesity.
Includes “how-to” act
locally, eat healthy, and
increase physical activity.
Has lots of data, includes
USDA guidelines, and tips
on “how to create a healthy
eating environment.”
(CTAHR).
Especially pertinent
to Hawaii.
maintenance, and it
gives just a few general
suggestions to subjects
in the curriculum to
connect the garden too
(need to find out more
about connecting the
garden to the
curriculum…)
Info is reliable and
uses evidence
directly from
government
agencies.
I can use this source
when discussing the
“why” of having a
school garden. Why we
need to influence
children’s eating habits
and environment, why
childhood obesity is
increasing so greatly,
what we can do to stop
it…
Wendy Wolfe is a research
associate in the Division of
Nutritional Sciences. She
“testified before the New
York State Assembly Task
Force on Food, Farm and
Nutrition Policy. She spoke
primarily on the role of
state policy in preventing
Article is in a trusted
academic journal
published by Cornell
University’s College
of Human Ecology.
This article has great
direct quotations
regarding the link
between improved
nutrition and improved
learning, and programs
that are important to the
prevention of childhood
obesity.
Kalina Calantoc
Developing and Implementing an Elementary School Garden Program in Honolulu
Dr. Jennifer Herring - Advisor and Statewide Program Coordinator
Elementary Institute for Teacher Education
b28f11ca036f0344
%40sessionmg
r113&vid=0&
hid=102&bdat
a=JnNpdGU9Z
Whvc3QtbGl2
ZQ%3d%3d#d
b=pbh&AN=1
2005069
Committee
on Progress
in
Preventing
Childhood
Obesity
Institute of
Medicine
(U.S.),
Committee
on Progress
in
Preventing
Childhood
Obesity
Staff
Progress in
Preventing
Childhood
Obesity: How Do
We Measure Up?
Book (print
and ebook)
Link to ebook:
http://site.ebrar
y.com.eres.libr
ary.manoa.haw
aii.edu/lib/uhm
anoa/detail.acti
on?docID=101
70922
childhood obesity at
school.” Article quotes her
argument. Discusses the
ban on soda, recommends
limiting all sugar at school,
and providing fruits and
vegetables for snacks
instead of packaged items.
She also refers to the
Childhood Obesity
Prevention Act, and
mentions programs
designed to promote
healthy nutrition habits.
Progress in
States that schools are a
Preventing
very important setting for
Childhood
providing physical activity
Obesity : How
opportunities and nutrition
Do We Measure education, but it is difficult
Up?. (2007).
for government to
Washington, DC, enforce…Provides direct
USA: National
suggestions and evidence
Academies
for schools to provide
Press. Retrieved healthful eating
from
environments. Discusses
http://www.ebrar lack of time, resources, and
y.com
coordination.
Very reliable source.
There is a lot of
evidence about the
struggle for teachers and
schools to implement
obesity prevention
interventions: lack of
funding and time,
academic testing
requirements, nationally
and state mandated
subjects, lack of school
funding. There is also an
overview of surveillance
and monitoring systems
currently being used.
There are also many
programs mentioned to
Kalina Calantoc
Developing and Implementing an Elementary School Garden Program in Honolulu
Dr. Jennifer Herring - Advisor and Statewide Program Coordinator
Elementary Institute for Teacher Education
improve school foods
and drinks, and
programs to prevent
childhood obesity.
C.D.
Klemmer
, T.M.
Waliczek
Growing Minds:
The Effect of a
School Gardening
Program on the
Science
Achievement of
Elementary
Students
V. Lohr
Children’s Active
and Passive
Interactions with
Plants Influence
Their Attitudes
and Actions
Toward Trees and
Gardening as
Adults
Journal article
C.D. Klemmer,
T. W. (2005).
Link:
“Growing
http://horttech. Minds: The
ashspublication Effect of a
s.org/content/1 School
5/3/448.full.pd Gardening
f+html
Program on the
Science
Achievement of
Elementary
Students.
“HortTechnolog
y, 15, 448-452.
Journal article Lohr, V. a.-M.
(2005).
“Children
's active
and
passive
interactio
ns with
plants
influence
their
attitudes
and
Kalina Calantoc
Developing and Implementing an Elementary School Garden Program in Honolulu
Dr. Jennifer Herring - Advisor and Statewide Program Coordinator
Elementary Institute for Teacher Education
actions
toward
trees and
gardenin
g as
adults.”
HortTech
nology,
15(3),
472-476.
Kameshwari
Pothukuchi
Hortiliza: A Youth
Nutrition Garden
in Southwest
Detroit
Journal article
Pothukuchi, K.
(2004).
“Hortiliza: A
Youth "Nutrition
Garden" in
Southwest
Detroit.” Childr
en, Youth and
Environments,
14(2), 124-155.
S. Skelly
The effect of an
interdisciplinary
garden program on
the environmental
attitudes of
elementary school
students
Journal article
Skelly, S. a.
(1998). “The
effect of an
interdisciplinary
garden program
on the
environmental
attitudes of
elementary
Kalina Calantoc
Developing and Implementing an Elementary School Garden Program in Honolulu
Dr. Jennifer Herring - Advisor and Statewide Program Coordinator
Elementary Institute for Teacher Education
school
students.” HortT
echnology, 8(4),
579-583.
Carolyn
W.
Robinson
, Jayne
M.
Zajicek
The effects of a
one-year school
garden program on
six constructs of
life skills of
elementary school
children
Journal article
Zajicek, C. W.
(2005). “The
Link:
effects of a onehttp://horttech. year school
ashspublication garden program
s.org/content/1 on six constructs
5/3/453.full.pd of life skills of
f+html
elementary
school
children.” HortT
echnology,
15(3), 453-457.
Kalina Calantoc
Developing and Implementing an Elementary School Garden Program in Honolulu
Dr. Jennifer Herring - Advisor and Statewide Program Coordinator
Elementary Institute for Teacher Education
Addendum 3 – Research Conduct:
My research includes human subject participants. After conferring with my research mentor, Dr. Jennifer
Herring, and my point of contact at University Laboratory School, Laura Cottongim, we have determined that
my research methodology qualifies for Exempt Status for Human Subjects Research. I have completed an
“Application for Exempt Status for Human Subjects Research” through the University of Hawaii Human
Studies Program. I am awaiting notice of approval status from IRB. University Laboratory School has existing
approval from the DOE to conduct research and since I am affiliated with University Laboratory School through
my degree coursework under the College of Education, I will not need to receive additional approval from the
DOE.