“√∫—≠ IJM ○ Recent Advances ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ - ¡’π“§¡ 2551 ‡®ââ“¢Õß §≥“®“√¬å¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√∑’˪√÷°…“ √».πæ.«‘√µ— πå Õ.πæ.«—≤π™—¬ ».πæ. ÿ∑∏‘æπ— ∏å »‘√®‘ √’ –™—¬ ‡∑’¬¡‡°à“ ™ÿ≥À°“≠®πå ÿ¢ª√–‡ √‘∞ æπ“æÿ≤‘ ● ● §≥“®“√¬å¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ §≥“®“√¬å°≈ÿà¡ß“πÕ“¬ÿ√°√√¡ ‚√ß欓∫“≈¢Õπ·°àπ ·æ∑¬åºŸâ „Àâ —≠≠“ ·æ∑¬åª√–®”∫â“π ·≈–·æ∑¬åµàÕ¬Õ¥ ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ·≈–‚√ß欓∫“≈¢Õπ·°àπ ”π—°ß“π ● ● ● ● 00 Ayurasat (Intro) Diagnostic Test for Latent TB Infection 6 Abdominal Pain with Hypertension 11 Original Article ‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—°„π‚√ß欓∫“≈Õÿ¥√∏“π’ Stroke in the Young in Udonthani Hospital °“√»÷°…“ “‡Àµÿ¢Õߧ«“¡‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“ ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‚√§≈¡™—° Fast Track Acute STEMI „π‚√ß欓∫“≈¡À“√“™π§√√“™ ’¡“ 17 26 37 46 Tetanus 57 EKG Conference Arrythmia in COPD and Bronchiectasis 61 Patient Arterial Blood Gas Conference Dyspnea in Patient with Bronchiectasis 63 Electrolyte Conference Bone Pain and Hyperchloremic Metabolic Acidosis 69 Journal Reading ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ 40002 ‚∑√. 0-4334-8399, 0-4336-3654 ‚∑√ “√. 0-4334-7542 E-mail: [email protected] æ‘¡æå∑’Ë ‚√ßæ‘¡æå ·Õππ“ ÕÕø‡´µ ‚∑√./‚∑√ “√ 0-4333-3137 E-mail: [email protected] ● Topic Review MM Conference °Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ ● 1 Intersesting Case §≈—ß∫ÿ≠§√Õß ÿ¢· ß√—µπå ®‘µæ‘¡≈¡“» ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ º».æ≠.®‘µµ‘¡“ √».πæ. ¡»—°¥‘Ï √».πæ.‡®√‘≠ º».æ≠.‡Õ◊ÕÈ ¡·¢ Õ.πæ.∏π™—¬ Dermatologic Adverse Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy Association between HLA-B* 1502 Allele and Antiepileptic Drug-induced Cutaneous Reactions in Han Chinese 72 Special Article How to Success in International Publication 74 Quiz Skin Quiz Hematology Quiz 77 ‡º¬·æ√৫“¡√Ÿâ∑“ßÕ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√åµàÕ·æ∑¬å‡«™ªØ‘∫—µ‘∑—Ë«‰ª ·æ∑¬å‡«™»“ µ√å§√Õ∫§√—« ·≈–Õ“¬ÿ√·æ∑¬å„π¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ ◊ËÕ°≈“ß√–À«à“ßÕ“¬ÿ√·æ∑¬å ·æ∑¬å‡«™ªÆ‘∫—µ‘∑—Ë«‰ª ·≈–·æ∑¬å‡«™»“ µ√å§√Õ∫§√—«„π¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ ‡º¬·æ√àº≈ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√·≈–ß“π«‘®—¬¢Õߧ≥“®“√¬å ·æ∑¬åª√–®”∫â“π ·æ∑¬åºŸâ„Àâ —≠≠“ ·≈–·æ∑¬åµàÕ¬Õ¥ ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ·≈–°≈ÿà¡ß“πÕ“¬ÿ√°√√¡‚√ß欓∫“≈¢Õπ·°àπ √«¡∑—Èß·æ∑¬åºŸâ π„®∑ÿ°∑à“π æ—≤π“Õߧ姫“¡√Ÿâ·≈– à߇ √‘¡°“√»÷°…“µàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ‡™◊ËÕ¡§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß»‘…¬å‡°à“ »‘…¬åªí®®ÿ∫—π ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ·≈–°≈ÿà¡ß“πÕ“¬ÿ√°√√¡ ‚√ß欓∫“≈¢Õπ·°àπ « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 5 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ - ¡’π“§¡ 2549 1 2/4/08, 11:57 Vol.5 No.1 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Vol.5 No.1 IJM «— ¥’... ∑à“πºŸâÕà“π∑ÿ°∑à“π «“√ “√©∫—∫∑’Ë∑à“πÕà“πÕ¬Ÿàπ’È°â“«¬à“ß ‡¢â“ Ÿàªï∑’Ë 7 ´÷Ë߇ªì𧫓¡¿Ÿ¡‘„®¢Õß¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ·≈–·ºπ°Õ“¬ÿ√°√√¡‚√ß欓∫“≈¢Õπ·°àπ∑’ˉ¥â √à«¡¡◊Õ°—πÕ¬à“ߥ’„π°“√®—¥∑”«“√ “√Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√åÕ’ “π ‚¥¬«“√ “√π’È ¡’ ®ÿ ¥ ¡ÿà ß À¡“¬∑’Ë ”§— ≠ §◊ Õ ‡ªì π ·À≈à ß »÷ ° …“À“§«“¡√Ÿâ ”À√— ∫ ·æ∑¬å ∑’Ë ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ß “π„π¿“§Õ’ “π∑ÿ ° ∑à “ π ´÷Ë ß ‡ªì π ‡Õ°≈— ° …≥å ‡ ©æ“–¢Õß«“√ “√ Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√åÕ’ “π «“√ “√©∫— ∫ π’È ‡ ¢â ¡ ¢â π ¥â « ¬‡π◊È Õ À“Õ¬à “ ߇µÁ ¡ ‡ªïò ¬ ¡§√∫∑ÿ ° §Õ≈— ¡ πå ‚¥¬‡©æ“– orginal article √“¬ß“πº≈°“√»÷ ° …“¿“«–∑’Ë æ ∫∫à Õ ¬·≈– ‡ªìπªí≠À“ ”§—≠∑“ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢¢Õß¿“§Õ’ “π Õ“∑‘‡™àπ ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß·≈–∫“¥∑–¬—° «—µ∂ÿª√– ߧå∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õß«“√ “√œ §◊Õ °“√ à߇ √‘¡ π—°«‘™“°“√√ÿàπ„À¡à„π°“√µ’æ‘¡æåß“π«‘®—¬·≈–∫∑§«“¡ ´÷Ë߇√“‰¥â√—∫‡°’¬√µ‘ Õ¬à“ß Ÿß®“°∑à“πÕ“®“√¬å«‘‚√®πå ‰««“π‘™°‘® ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√«“√ “√ ®æ ∑. ‰¥â„À⧫“¡°√ÿ≥“µ’æ‘¡æå∫∑§«“¡‡√◊ËÕß∑”Õ¬à“߉√„Àâª√– ∫º≈ ”‡√Á®„π°“√ µ’æ‘¡æåº≈ß“π√–¥—∫π“π“™“µ‘ Õ—π®–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥ª√–‚¬™πåµàÕºŸâÕà“πÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß ”À√—∫°“√ª√–™ÿ¡«‘™“°“√ª√–®”ªï§√—ßÈ ∑’Ë 15 ¢Õß¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å Theme ‡√◊ËÕß Geriatric Medicine ®–®—¥¢÷Èπ√–À«à“ß«—π∑’Ë 6-8 ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 ®÷ߢՇ™‘≠™«π∑ÿ°∑à“π‡¢â“√à«¡ª√–™ÿ¡·≈–µ‘¥µ“¡√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π«“√ “√ ©∫—∫Àπâ“ ° Õ ß ∫ √ √ ≥ “ ∏‘ ° “ √ . . « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 5 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ - ¡’π“§¡ 2549 00 Ayurasat (Intro) 2 2/4/08, 11:58 Recent Advances Dermatologic Adverse Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy Õ.æ≠.æ≈Õ¬∑√“¬ ∫ÿ»√“§” “¢“«‘™“‚√§º‘«Àπ—ß ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ 1. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) Õÿ∫—µ‘°“√≥å¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥º◊Ëπ„𬓰≈ÿà¡ NNRTIs æ∫‰¥âª√–¡“≥ √âÕ¬≈– 8.9 - 14 1.1 Nevirapine ªí®®—¬∑’Ë¡’º≈∑”„À⇰‘¥º◊Ëπ„πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫¬“ nevirapine §◊Õ °“√‰¥â√—∫¬“ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ºŸâªÉ«¬‡æ»À≠‘ß √–¥—∫¬“„π plasma Ÿß°«à“ 5.3 ml/L ‰¥â√—∫¬“‡ªìπ §√—Èß·√° ºŸâªÉ«¬¡’√–¥—∫¢Õß CD4 Ÿß ‚¥¬‡©æ“– ºŸâªÉ«¬‡æ»À≠‘ß∑’Ë¡’√–¥—∫ CD4 ¡“°°«à“ 200 cells/µL º◊Ëπ∑’Ëæ∫„πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫¬“ nevirapine ¡’À≈“¬™π‘¥ µ—Èß·µà single erythematous lesion without pruritus « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 01-Recent 1 2/4/08, 13:15 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 1 Vol. 7 No.1 Drug specific skin reaction ®π∂÷ß Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫¬“ nevirapine ¡’Õÿ∫—µ‘°“√≥å ¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥ Stevens-Johnson syndrome Ÿß°«à“ µ—«¬“Õ◊Ëπ„π°≈ÿà¡ NNRTI) ‚¥¬ à«π„À≠ຟâªÉ«¬¡—°¡’ º◊Ëπ„π≈—°…≥– diffuse erythematous maculopapular eruption ™à«ß‡«≈“∑’Ëæ∫º◊Ëπ ®–‡°‘¥„π™à«ß 6 —ª¥“Àå ·√°¢Õß°“√√—°…“ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–„π 3-4 —ª¥“Àå·√° Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ °“√‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß°“√‡°‘¥º◊Ëπ§«√§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡ ‰ª∂÷ß 18 —ª¥“Àå πÕ°®“°π’ȧ«√µ√«® liver function test „πºŸªâ «É ¬∑’¡Ë º’ π◊Ë ‡æ√“–Õ“®æ∫§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘¢Õßµ—∫ √à«¡¥â«¬‰¥â °“√¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“ nevirapine associated rash ¢÷πÈ Õ¬Ÿà°—∫§«“¡√ÿπ·√ߢÕߺ◊Ëπ „π°√≥’∑’˺◊Ëπ‰¡à¡“° ¡’ Õ“°“√§—π ºŸâªÉ«¬§«√‰¥â√—∫¬“ antihistamine ·≈– “¡“√∂„™â¬“µàÕ‰ª‰¥â ·µà„π°√≥’∑º’Ë ªŸâ «É ¬¡’≈°— …≥–¢Õß hypersensitive À√◊Õ Stevens-Johnson syndrome §«√ À¬ÿ¥¬“‚¥¬∑—π∑’ ‡π◊ËÕß®“° nevirapine ‡ªìπ¬“∑’Ë¡’ long half-life °“√ªÑÕß°—π°“√‡°‘¥º◊Ëπ§«√‡√‘Ë¡ nevirapine 200 mg, once daily °àÕπ„π™à«ß 2 —ª¥“Àå·√° À≈—ß ®“°π—Èπ ®÷߇æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ 200 mg, twice daily (2 week lead in) ·µà„π°√≥’∑’Ë¡’º◊Ëπ„π™à«ß 2 —ª¥“Àå·√° ‰¡à§«√‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥‡ªìπ twice daily Knober ·≈– §≥–»÷°…“∂÷ߪ√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√ªÑÕß°—πº◊πË ‚¥¬„À⬓ IJM ªí®®ÿ∫—πºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§‡Õ¥ å®”π«πÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¥â√—∫¬“µâ“π‰«√— (HAART) ¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’¢÷Èπ Õ—µ√“°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ©«¬‚Õ°“ ·≈–Õ—µ√“°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ ≈¥≈ß Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡°“√‰¥â√—∫¬“µâ“π‰«√— Õ“®°àÕ „Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ §«“¡º‘ ¥ ª°µ‘ ¢ Õߺ‘ « Àπ— ß ∫“ß™π‘ ¥ ‡æ‘Ë ¡ ¢÷È π ∫∑§«“¡π’È·∫àߧ«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘∑“ߺ‘«Àπ—ß∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√ √—∫¬“µâ“π‰«√— ‡ªìπ 3 °≈ÿà¡ §◊Õ 1. Drug specific skin reaction 2. The lipodystrophy syndrome 3. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome Vol. 7 No.1 IJM cetirizine §«∫§Ÿà‰ª°—∫ nevirapine º≈§◊Õ cetirizine ‰¡à “¡“√∂ªÑÕß°—π°“√‡°‘¥º◊Ëπ®“° nevirapine √«¡∑—Èß °“√„Àâ prednisolone „π™à«ß 2 —ª¥“Àå·√° ®–‡æ‘Ë¡ Õ—µ√“°“√‡°‘¥º◊Ëπ®“° nevirapine 1.2 Efavirenz º◊Ëπ∑’Ëæ∫„πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫¬“ efavirenz ¡’ ≈—°…≥–‰¥âÀ≈“°À≈“¬ µ—Èß·µà diffuse, erythematous maculopapular eruption to blistering, moist desquamation À√◊Õ ulceration √–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬÀ≈—ß ‰¥â√—∫¬“§◊Õ 11 «—π ·≈–‡ªìπº◊Ëππ“πª√–¡“≥ 16 «—π „πºŸâªÉ«¬‡¥Á°¡—°‰¡àæ∫«à“‡°‘¥º◊ËπÀ≈—߉¥â√—∫ efavirenz °“√¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫§«“¡√ÿπ·√ߢÕߺ◊Ëπ ·≈–Õ“°“√∑’Ëæ∫‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫ nevirapine associated rash ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’º◊Ëπ®“° efavirenz à«π„À≠à “¡“√∂ „™â¬“µàÕ‰ª‰¥â¬°‡«âπ„π°√≥’∑’Ë¡’‰¢â º◊Ëπ≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ µÿà¡πÈ”æÕß ¡’ mucosal involvement √à«¡¥â«¬ §«√ À¬ÿ¥¬“∑—π∑’ ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥º◊Ëπ∑’Ë —¡æ—π∏å°—π (crossreactivity) ¿“¬„π°≈ÿà¡ NNRTI ¬—߉¡à‡æ’¬ßæÕ∑’Ë®–‰¥â ¢âÕ √ÿª Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„π¢≥–π’ȉ¡à·π–π” „Àâ ‡ ª≈’Ë ¬ πÀ√◊ Õ „™â ¬ “„π°≈ÿà ¡ ‡¥’ ¬ «°— π ¡“∑¥·∑π„π °√≥’∑’ˇ°‘¥º◊Ëπ®“°¬“„π°≈ÿà¡ NNRTI Torralba ·≈–§≥– æ∫«à“ √âÕ¬≈– 40 ¢Õß ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’º◊Ëπ®“° nevirapine ‡°‘¥º◊ËπÀ≈—ß®“°‡ª≈’Ë¬π ¬“‡ªìπ efavirenz ·≈–„π∑“ß°≈—∫°—π √âÕ¬≈– 50 ¢Õß ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’º◊Ëπ®“° efavirenz ‡°‘¥º◊ËπÀ≈—ß®“°‡ª≈’Ë¬π¬“ ‡ªìπ nevirapine 2. Protease inhibitors ¬“À≈“¬µ—«„π°≈ÿà¡π’ȇ™àπ amprenavir, fosamprenavir, darunavir, tipranavir ¡’Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õß sulfonamide ®÷ ß §«√À≈’ ° ‡≈’Ë ¬ ß„π°√≥’ ∑’Ë ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬¡’ ª√–«—µ‘·æ⬓°≈ÿà¡ sulfonamide 2.1 Indinavir 2 indinavir ∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘¢Õߺ‘«Àπ—߉¥âÀ≈“¬ ™π‘ ¥ ‡™à π rash,paronychia, alopecia,ingrown toe-nails,curling of straight hair º≈µà“ßʇÀ≈à“π’È §≈⓬§≈÷ß°—∫°“√„™â¬“„π°≈ÿà¡ retinoid (retinoid effect) ¡’°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“ √âÕ¬≈– 30 ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â √—∫¬“ indinavir ¡’Õ“°“√·≈–Õ“°“√· ¥ß§≈⓬§≈÷ß °—∫°“√„™â¬“„π°≈ÿà¡ retinoid Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 2 ™π‘¥¢÷Èπ‰ª πÕ°®“°π’Ⱥ≈¥—ß°≈à“«¬—ß·ª√º—πµ“¡ª√‘¡“≥¢Õ߬“ ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ √«¡∂÷ß°√≥’∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬‰¥â√—∫¬“ ritonavir ´÷Ëß ‡æ‘Ë¡√–¥—∫¬“¢Õß indinavir ∑”„Àâ¡’‚Õ°“ ‡°‘¥º≈¢â“ß ‡§’¬ß¥—ß°≈à“« Ÿß¢÷Èπ ªí®®—¬Õ◊Ëπʇ™àπ ‡æ» Õ“¬ÿ √–¥—∫ CD4 ‰¡à¡’º≈µàÕ‚Õ°“ °“√‡°‘¥º≈¢â“߇§’¬ß º◊Ëπ®“° indinavir ¡’≈—°…≥–‰¥âÀ≈“°À≈“¬ µ—È ß ·µà mild erythematous lesions,erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome ·µàÕ“°“√ · ¥ß∑’Ëæ∫‰¥â∫àÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ º‘«·Àâß ·≈–ºŸâªÉ«¬Õ“®¡’ Õ“°“√· ¥ß§◊Õ scaling, roughness of skin with excoriation secondary to pruritus-induce scratching πÕ°®“°π’ÈÕ“®æ∫ chellitis secondary to mucosa dryness Õ“°“√‡À≈à“π’È “¡“√∂√—°…“‚¥¬„™â topical emollients ·≈–„™â¬“ indinavir µàÕ‰¥â ·µà„π°√≥’ ∑’ˇ°‘¥º◊Ëπ™π‘¥ erythema multiforme ·≈– stevensJohnson syndrome §«√À¬ÿ¥¬“∑—π∑’ Indinavir ∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘¢Õ߇≈Á∫‰¥â ‡™àπ paronychia ¡’§«“¡√ÿπ·√߉¥âµ—Èß·µà‡≈Á°πâÕ¬®π∂÷ß °“√‡°‘¥‡ªìπ granulomatous forming æ∫‰¥â∫àÕ¬∑’Ëπ‘È« À—«·¡à‡∑â“ „π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—πÕ“®µ√«®æ∫ retinoid like effect Õ◊ËπÊ √à«¡¥â«¬ °“√√—°…“ paronychia ∑”‰¥â‚¥¬ topical corticosteroids ·≈– antibacterials ªí≠À“∑“ߺ‘«Àπ—ß∑’Ë∑”„À⺟âªÉ«¬µâÕß°“√À¬ÿ¥ ¬“¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ alopecia ´÷ËßÕ“®¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ diffuse alopecia, localized alopecia, alopecia areata „π °√≥’∑’Ë®”‡ªìπ “¡“√∂À¬ÿ¥„™â indinavir ‚¥¬‡ª≈’Ë¬π ‡ªì𬓵—«Õ◊Ëπ„π°≈ÿà¡ protease inhibitors ‰¥â « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 01-Recent 2 2/4/08, 13:15 2.2 Amprenavir and fosamprenavir Amprenavir ¡’Õ∫ÿ µ— °‘ “√≥å°“√‡°‘¥º◊πË √âÕ¬≈– 27 ‡ª√’ ¬ ∫‡∑’ ¬ ∫°— ∫ placebo √â Õ ¬≈– 6 ≈— ° …≥–º◊Ë π ∑’Ëæ∫‰¥â∫àÕ¬§◊Õ maculopapular rash ∑’ˉ¡à√ÿπ·√ß Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ¡’Õÿ∫—µ‘°“√≥å°“√‡°‘¥ Stevens-Johnson syndrome ®“° amprenavir ‰¥â√âÕ¬≈– 1 à«π„À≠à º◊Ëπ¡—°‡°‘¥À≈—ß®“°‰¥â√—∫¬“ª√–¡“≥ 11 «—π ·≈–‡ªìπ º◊Ëππ“πª√–¡“≥ 10 «—π °“√¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫§«“¡√ÿπ·√ߢÕߺ◊Ëπ ·≈–Õ“°“√∑’Ëæ∫‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫ nevirapine ¢âÕ·µ°µà“ß √–À«à“ß amprenavir °—∫ nevirapine §◊ÕºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇ§¬¡’ º◊Ë π À≈— ß ®“°‰¥â √— ∫ ¬“ amprenavir ·≈â « à « πÀπ÷Ë ß “¡“√∂°≈—∫¡“„™â¬“ amprenavir ‰¥â‚¥¬‰¡à¡’º◊Ëπ ‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ Õ’° Fosamprenavir ‡ªìπ pro-drug ¢Õß amprenavir ‡°‘ ¥ º◊Ë π ‰¥â „ π≈— ° …≥–‡¥’ ¬ «°— ∫ amprenavir ·µà Õÿ∫—µ‘°“√≥å°“√‡°‘¥º◊ËππâÕ¬°«à“ amprenavir 4. Entry inhibitors The Lipodystrophy syndrome The HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome ª√–°Õ∫¥â « ¬°≈ÿà ¡ Õ“°“√∑’Ë ¡’ § «“¡º‘ ¥ ª°µ‘ ¢ Õß°“√ °√–®“¬¢Õß body fat √«¡∑—È ß §«“¡º‘ ¥ ª°µ‘ ∑ “ß metabolism ‡™àπ insulin resistance, dyslipidemia °“√°√–®“¬µ—«∑’˺‘¥ª°µ‘¢Õß adipose tissue « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 01-Recent 3 2/4/08, 13:15 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 3 Vol. 7 No.1 Enfuvirtide (T-20) ‡ªì𬓄π°≈ÿà¡ fusion inhibitors ´÷Ëß∫√‘À“√¬“‚¥¬°“√©’¥∑“ß subcutaneous ¡—°‡°‘¥º≈¢â“߇§’¬ß§◊Õ injection-site reactions (ISRs) ‰¥â·°à ‡®Á∫ §—π ·¥ß ‡°‘¥°âÕπ·¢Áß À√◊Õ ∂ÿßπÈ”„π µ”·Àπàß∑’Ë©’¥ º≈®“°°“√µ—¥™‘Èπ‡π◊ÈÕ∫√‘‡«≥ injectionsite reactions (ISRs) æ∫«à“¡’≈°— …≥–§≈⓬ granuloma annulare ·≈– interstitial granulomatous drug reaction ´÷Ë߇°‘¥®“° localized hypersensitivity Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡§«“¡√ÿπ·√ß∑“ß欓∏‘ ¿“扡à Õ¥§≈âÕß °—∫≈—°…≥–∑’Ëæ∫∑“ߧ≈‘π‘° ·≈– à«π„À≠à “¡“√∂ «‘π‘®©—¬‰¥â‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕßµ—¥™‘Èπ‡π◊ÈÕ °“√ªÑÕß°—π·≈– √—°…“∑”‰¥â‚¥¬‡ª≈’Ë¬πµ”·Àπàß∑’Ë©’¥¬“ ‡™àπ µâπ·¢π Àπâ“∑âÕß À√◊Õ µâπ¢“ Systemic hypersensitivity reaction æ∫‰¥â πâÕ¬°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 1 Õ“°“√·≈–Õ“°“√· ¥ß∑’Ëæ∫‰¥â·°à ‰¢â º◊Ëπ §≈◊Ëπ‰ â Õ“‡®’¬π µ—∫Õ—°‡ ∫ §«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ µË” „π°√≥’π’ȧ«√À¬ÿ¥¬“∑—π∑’·≈–‰¡à§«√„À⬓„π °≈ÿà¡π’ÈÕ’° IJM 3. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) 3.1 Abacavir Abacavir ∑”„À⇰‘¥º◊Ëπ™π‘¥ hypersensitivity reaction‰¥â∫àÕ¬ Õ“°“√∑’Ëæ∫§◊Õ diffuse maculopapular rash ‰¢â ÕàÕπ‡æ≈’¬ Õ“°“√∑“ß√–∫∫∑“߇¥‘πÕ“À“√ ·≈– √–∫∫∑“߇¥‘πÀ“¬„® à«π„À≠à hypersensitivity reaction ¡—°æ∫„π 6 —ª¥“Àå·√°À≈—߉¥â√—∫¬“ ªí®®—¬ ‡ ’ˬß∑’Ëæ∫‰¥â·°à ‡æ»À≠‘ß ‡™◊ÈÕ™“µ‘Õ◊ËπÊπÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ ®“° African ·≈– HLA-B5701 °“√¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“„π°√≥’∑º’Ë ªŸâ «É ¬¡’ hypersensitivity reaction ∑’Ë ‡ À¡“– ¡§◊ Õ À¬ÿ ¥ ¬“∑— π ∑’ ·≈–¥Ÿ · ≈ √—°…“µ“¡Õ“°“√ º◊Ëπ·≈–Õ“°“√∑’Ëæ∫§«√¥’¢÷ÈπÀ≈—ß ®“°À¬ÿ¥¬“ 1-2 «—π °“√ rechallange abacavir ‡ªìπ¢âÕÀâ“¡∑’Ë ‰¡à§«√∑” ‡æ√“–Õ“®‡°‘¥Õ—πµ√“¬ ·≈–¡’ multiorgan system failure ‰¥â 3.2 Zidovudine Zidovudine ∑”„À⇰‘¥º‘«Àπ—ß·≈–‡≈Á∫¡’ ’§≈È” ¥”¢÷Èπ‰¥â≈—°…≥–‡¥àπ∑’Ëæ∫‰¥â∫àÕ¬ §◊Õ ‡ âπ ’¥”∫“ßÊ „π·π«¢π“π°—∫ nail bed ¡’√“¬ß“π°“√‡°‘¥º◊Ëπ™π‘¥ √ÿπ·√ß ‡™àπ Stevens-Johnson syndrome ·≈– toxic epidermal necrolysis Vol. 7 No.1 IJM √«¡∂÷ß lipoatrophy,lipohypertrophy À√◊Õ∑—Èß Õß™π‘¥ ®“°°“√»÷°…“ cross-sectional study æ∫«à“ lipoatrophy æ∫‰¥â∫àÕ¬„πºŸâªÉ«¬ HIV ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫ control ·µàÕÿ∫—µ‘°“√≥å¢Õß lipohypertrophy ‰¡à·µ°µà“ß®“° control Lipoatrophy ∑’Ë —¡æ—π∏å°—∫°“√‰¥â√—∫¬“µâ“𠉫√— ¡’º≈∑”„Àâ subcutaneous tissue À“¬‰ª‚¥¬ ‡©æ“–∑’Ë„∫Àπâ“ ·¢π¢“ ·≈–°âπ °“√∑’ˉ¢¡—π∫√‘‡«≥ „∫Àπâ“≈¥≈ß∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߢÕß√ŸªÀπâ“ ∫√‘‡«≥·°â¡ ·≈–√Õ∫µ“ ´÷ËßÕ“®°àÕ„À⇰‘¥ªí≠À“¥â“π ®‘µ„®·°àºŸâªÉ«¬ °“√ – ¡¢Õ߉¢¡—π∑’˺‘¥ª°µ‘¡—°æ∫∑’Ë∫√‘‡«≥ Àπâ“∑âÕß §Õ À≈—ß ‡µâ“π¡ ·≈–≈”µ—« ¿“«–·∑√°´âÕπ ∑’Ë ”§—≠∑’ËÕ“®æ∫√à«¡¥â«¬‰¥â·°à atherosclerosis ·≈– diabetes mellitus °≈‰°°“√‡°‘ ¥ lipoatrophy Õ∏‘ ∫ “¬‚¥¬ mitochondrial toxicity hypothesis §◊Õ NRTIs ¡’ º≈∑”„Àâ mitochondrial DNA polymerase -gamma À¬ÿ ¥ ∑”ß“π √–¥— ∫ ¢Õß mitochondrial DNA „π adipocyte ≈¥≈ß °“√ √â“ßæ≈—ßß“π¿“¬„π cell ≈¥≈ß ‡°‘¥ cellular dysfunction ·≈– apoptosis ¢Õß adipocyte ªí®®—¬‡ ’ˬߢÕß°“√‡°‘¥ lipoatrophy ‰¥â·°à ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ËÕ“¬ÿ¡“° body mass index µË” µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ¡“π“π hypertriglyceride, CD4 µË” tumor necrotic factor alpha polymorphism °“√„™â¬“ thymidine analog ‡™àπ stavudine zidovudine ‡ªìπªí®®—¬‡ ’Ë¬ß ∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥ lipoatrophy °“√√—°…“ 1. Switching antiretroviral therapy ®“°°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Carr ·≈–§≥–‚¥¬·∫àß ºŸâªÉ«¬ moderate-severe lipoatrophy ‡ªìπ 2 °≈ÿà¡‚¥¬ °≈ÿà¡∑’ËÀπ÷Ëß„™â¬“‡¥‘¡ ·≈–°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Õ߇ª≈’Ë¬π¬“‡ªìπ 4 abacavir º≈°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“¡’°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢Õß limb fat „π°≈ÿà¡∑’ˇª≈’Ë¬π¬“‡ªìπ abacavir 2. Thiazolidinedioanes ªí®®ÿ∫—π°“√„™â¬“„π°≈ÿà¡ thiazolidinedioanes ‡æ◊ËÕ√—°…“ lipoatrophy ¬—߉¡à¡’¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡æ’¬ßæÕ∑’Ë®– ‰¥â ¢â Õ √ÿ ª Õ¬à “ ߉√°Á µ “¡„π°√≥’ ∑’Ë ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬¡’ ¿ “«– lipoatrophy √à«¡°—∫ diabetes mellitus °“√‡≈◊Õ° „™â¬“„π°≈ÿà¡π’Èπà“®–‡À¡“– ¡ ·µà§«√µ‘¥µ“¡√–¥—∫ transaminase, cholesterol ·≈– triglyceride ´÷ËßÕ“® Ÿßº‘¥ª°µ‘‡π◊ËÕß®“°¬“„π°≈ÿà¡π’ȉ¥â 3. Uridine °“√»÷°…“ in vitro ∑’Ëæ∫«à“ uridine ¡’ à«π ™à«¬ªÑÕß°—π°“√‡°‘¥ lipoatrophy ‚¥¬≈¥ mitochondrial toxicity µàÕ adipocyte 4. Fillers °“√©’¥ fillers ‡ªìπ∑“߇≈◊Õ°Àπ÷Ëß„π°“√·°â‰¢ ¿“«–„∫Àπ⓺‘¥√Ÿª´÷Ë߇°‘¥®“° lipoatrophy ·µàÕ“®¡’ º≈¢â“߇§’¬ß ‡™àπ °“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ À√◊Õ‡°‘¥ foreign body reaction ®“° “√∑’Ë„™â Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬∑’Ë ¡’ ¿ “«– immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome Õ“®¡’Õ“°“√·≈–Õ“°“√ · ¥ß¢Õß°“√µ‘ ¥ ‡™◊È Õ ©«¬‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë æ ∫¿“¬À≈— ß °“√ ‰¥â√—∫¬“µâ“π‰«√— À√◊Õ°“√·¬à≈ߢÕß°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ©«¬ ‚Õ°“ ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√√—°…“·≈â« °≈‰°°“√‡°‘¥¿“«– immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome ‡™◊ÕË «à“‡°‘¥®“°°“√‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ ¢Õß antigen-specific CD4 memory T cell ∑’Ë°≈—∫¡“¡’ º≈µàÕ antigen ‡¥‘¡∑’ˇ§¬ recognized ·≈â« πÕ°®“°π’È °“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢Õß proinflammatory cytokines ·≈– °“√¢“¥ immune regulatory cytokines ∑”„À⇰‘¥ paradoxical inflammatory reaction π’È « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 01-Recent 4 2/4/08, 13:15 „π¬ÿ§¢Õß°“√„™â¬“µâ“π‰«√— (HAART) ¡’ §«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘∑“ߺ‘«Àπ—ßÀ≈“¬™π‘¥∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ∑—Èß∑’ˇ°‘¥ ®“°°“√·æ⬓ À√◊Õ‡ªìπº≈¢â“߇§’¬ß®“°¬“ ¡’º◊ËπÀ√◊Õ §«“¡º‘ ¥ ª°µ‘ ∑ “ߺ‘ « Àπ— ß ∑—È ß ∑’Ë æ ∫√à « ¡°— ∫ Õ“°“√„π √–∫∫Õ◊ËπÊ À√◊Õ§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘∑’˺‘«Àπ—߇∑à“π—Èπ ∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ 1. Crum-Cianflone NF.Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromes: whatûs new?. AIDS Read 2006;16:199-206,213-7. 2. Kong HH, Myers SA. Cutaneous effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients. Dermatologic Therapy ;18:58-66. 3. Luther J, Glesby MJ. Dermatologic adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy. Am J Clin Dermatol 2007;8:221-33. 4. Ratnam I, Chiu C, Kandala NB, et al. Incidence and risk factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an ethnically diverse HIV type 1-infected cohort. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:418-27. « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 01-Recent 5 2/4/08, 13:15 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 5 Vol. 7 No.1 √ÿª °“√¥Ÿ · ≈√— ° …“ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬„π°≈ÿà ¡ π’È ®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß æ‘®“√≥“∂÷ß ≈—°…≥–∑“ߺ‘«Àπ—ß∑’Ëæ∫ ™à«ß‡«≈“∑’Ëæ∫ §«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘À≈—߉¥â√—∫¬“ ™π‘¥À√◊Õ Ÿµ√¬“∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ √«¡∑—Èß√–¥—∫ CD4 ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬°àÕπ‰¥â√—∫¬“·≈–¢≥–∑’Ë µ√«®æ∫§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘‡æ◊ËÕª√–°Õ∫°“√«‘π‘®©—¬ °“√ √—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬§«√æ‘®“√≥“‡ªìπ√“¬Ê‰ª¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫™π‘¥ ¢Õߧ«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘∑’Ëæ∫ §«“¡√ÿπ·√ß ·≈–™π‘¥¢Õ߬“ ∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘π—ÈπÊ IJM ¡’ ° “√»÷ ° …“¬â Õ πÀ≈— ß æ∫«à “ ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬ª√–¡“≥ √â Õ ¬≈– 25 ¡’ ¿ “«– immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome Õ“°“√∑’Ëæ∫‰¥â∫àÕ¬§◊Õ ÀŸ¥ ∑’ËÕ«—¬«–‡æ» °“√‡°‘¥ herpes genitalis ·≈–¡—° ‡°‘¥¿“¬„π 3 ‡¥◊Õπ·√°À≈—ß°“√‰¥â√—∫¬“µâ“π‰«√— ªí®®—¬‡ ’¬Ë ߢÕß°“√‡°‘¥¿“«– immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome §◊Õ ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’√–¥—∫ CD4 πâÕ¬°«à“ 200 cell/uL °“√µÕ∫ πÕß∑“ß√–∫∫ ¿Ÿ¡‘§ÿâ¡°—π‡√Á« ‡™àπ °“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢Õß CD4 Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« À≈—߉¥â√—∫¬“µâ“π‰«√— end-staged AIDS °“√¡’ clinical À√◊Õ subclinical opportunistic infections °àÕπ‰¥â√—∫¬“µâ“π‰«√— ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. avium complex, Cryptococcus neoformans Preliminary diagnostic criteria ‰¥â·°à °“√ ≈¥≈ߢÕß HIV RNA level À√◊Õ°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢Õß CD4 Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«À≈—߉¥â√—∫¬“µâ“π‰«√— √à«¡°—∫Õ“°“√∑’Ë ‡¢â“‰¥â°—∫ infection/inflammatory condition ∑’Ë ‰¡à‰¥â‡°‘¥®“°°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ„À¡àÀ√◊Õº≈¢â“߇§’¬ß®“°¬“ ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ Topic Review Diagnostic Test for Latent TB Infection æ≠.®‘≥«‘¿“ Õπÿ»√’ 1, √».æ≠.»‘√‘≈—°…≥å Õπ—πµå≥—∞»‘√‘ 2 ·æ∑¬åª√–®”∫â“π, 2 “¢“«‘™“‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ·≈–‡«™»“ µ√凢µ√âÕπ ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ IJM Vol. 7 No.1 1 ‚√§«— ≥ ‚√§¬— ß §ß‡ªì π ªí ≠ À“∑’Ë ”§— ≠ ∑“ߥ⠓ π “∏“√≥ ÿ¢„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ‚¥¬Õߧ尓√Õπ“¡—¬‚≈° ‰¥â ª√–¡“≥‡Õ“‰«â «à “ „πªï §».2005 ¡’ ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬ª√–¡“≥ 9 ≈â“π§π∑’ˇªìπ«—≥‚√§ ·≈– 2 ≈â“π§π∑’ˇ ’¬™’«‘µ®“° «—≥‚√§ πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ßæ∫«à“ ¡’ºŸâªÉ«¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ«—≥‚√§ √“¬„À¡à ¡“°°«à“ 40 ≈â“π§πµàÕªï ”À√— ∫ «— ≥ ‚√§„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬π—È π ¡’ ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬ ®”π«π¡“° ·≈–‡ªìπªí≠À“ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‡™àπ‡¥‘¡ ®“° ∂‘µæ‘ ∫«à“ °≈ÿ¡à Õ“¬ÿ∑ª’Ë «É ¬‡ªìπ«—≥‚√§ ®–Õ¬Ÿ„à π™à«ßÕ“¬ÿ 40-60 ªï ·≈–§«“¡™ÿ°¢ÕߺŸªâ «É ¬∑—ßÈ „π™π∫∑ ‡¢µ‡¡◊Õß À√◊Õ°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√°Á¡’®”π«π„°≈⇧’¬ß°—π ¥— ß π—È π °“√‡√à ß §â π À“·≈–√— ° …“ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬∑’Ë µ‘ ¥ ‡™◊È Õ «—≥‚√§·Ωß (latent TB infection, LTBI) ®÷߇ªìπÕ’° °≈¬ÿ∑∏åÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë®–§«∫§ÿ¡°“√√–∫“¥¢Õß‚√§‰¥â çLTBIé §◊ÕÕ–‰√ ? §◊Õ °“√∑’Ë√à“ß°“¬‰¥â√—∫‡™◊ÈÕ«—≥‚√§‡¢â“ Ÿà√à“ß°“¬ ·µà‰¡à¡’Õ“°“√¢Õß«—≥‚√§À√◊Õ°“√∑’ˉ¡à¡’À≈—°∞“π∑“ß x-ray ¢Õß‚√§«—≥‚√§ ‡ªìπ∑’Ë∑√“∫°—π¥’«à“ diagnostic test ”À√—∫ LTBI §◊Õ tuberculin skin test (TST) ‚¥¬¡’À≈—°°“√ §◊Õ ‡ªìπ°“√µ√«®°“√µÕ∫ πÕߢÕß√–∫∫¿Ÿ¡§‘ ¡ÿâ °—π™π‘¥ cell-mediated immune response µà Õ °“√µ‘ ¥ ‡™◊È Õ «—≥‚√§∑’‡Ë ªìπ≈—°…≥– çdelayed-type hypersensitivityé ·≈–‡√“∂◊Õ«à“ TST ‡ªìπ gold standard „π°“√µ√«®À“ 6 LTBI πÕ°®“°π’È TST ¬—ß√“§“∂Ÿ°·≈– “¡“√∂„™â‰¥â ∑—«Ë ‰ª Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ TST °Á¬ß— ¡’¢Õâ ®”°—¥Õ’°À≈“¬Õ¬à“ß ‡™àπ - °“√·ª≈º≈ TST ∑’ËÕ“®®–·ª√‡ª≈’Ë¬πµ“¡ ºŸâÕà“πº≈ ·≈–ºŸâªÉ«¬µâÕß°≈—∫¡“æ∫∫ÿ§≈“°√∑“ß°“√ ·æ∑¬å‡æ◊ËÕÕà“πº≈Õ’°§√—Èß - º≈¢Õß TST ∑’ËÕ“®®–‡ª≈’Ë¬πµ“¡√–¬–‡«≈“ À≈—ß®“° 48-72 ™¡. À≈—ß®“°∑’Ë¡’°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ - çBooster phenomenoné §◊Õ¬‘Ëß√–¬–‡«≈“ À≈—ß®“° expose µàÕ‡™◊ÈÕπ“π¢÷Èπ°ÁÕ“®∑”„Àâ TST ‰¥âº≈ negative ¥—ßπ—Èπ„πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë„Àâº≈ TST ‡ªìπ≈∫µâÕß∑” TST ´È”Õ’°§√—È߇æ◊ËÕÕà“πº≈ (2 step TST) - ¡’ sensitivity ·≈– specificity µË” - ¢÷Èπ°—∫‡∑§π‘§°“√∑” TST ‡™àπ °“√©’¥µ◊Èπ À√◊Õ≈÷°®π‡°‘π‰ª®–¡’º≈µàÕ°“√·ª≈º≈ ·µà¢âÕ®”°—¥ ∑’Ë ”§— ≠ ∑’Ë ÿ ¥ ¢Õß TST °Á §◊ Õ “¡“√∂‡°‘ ¥ falsepositive1,2 „π°√≥’∑º’Ë ªŸâ «É ¬‡§¬‰¥â√∫— «—§´’π BCG ¡“°àÕπ À√◊ Õ „π°√≥’ ∑’Ë ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬¡’ ° “√µ‘ ¥ ‡™◊È Õ nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) ‚¥¬¡’¢âÕ —߇°µ«à“À“°‡°‘¥®“° BCG vaccination ‡¡◊ËÕ∑” TST ·≈â« skin reaction ¡—°®–πâÕ¬°«à“ 15 ¡¡.3 ·≈–∂Ⓡªìπ reaction ®“° °“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ NTM æ∫«à“ TST ¡—°®–πâÕ¬°«à“ 10 ¡¡. ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ ®÷߉¥â¡’§«“¡æ¬“¬“¡∑’Ë®–À“«‘∏’°“√∑’Ë®–¡“ «‘π‘®©—¬ LTBI ‚¥¬ new diagnostic test §«√®–¡’ « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 02-Topic 6 2/4/08, 11:59 ≈—°…≥– ¥—ßπ’È - ¡’ sensitivity ·≈– specificity ∑’Ë Ÿß - Reliable ·≈– stable - √“§“∂Ÿ°·≈–∑”ßà“¬ ·≈–ªí®®ÿ∫π— ¡’°“√µ√«®«‘π®‘ ©—¬™π‘¥„À¡à ‡æ◊ÕË µ√«®À“ LTBI ´÷Ëß°Á§◊Õ çQuantiFERON (γ)é ‚¥¬ Õ“»— ¬ À≈— ° °“√§◊ Õ „™â specific antigens ¢Õ߇™◊È Õ M. tuberculosis ´÷Ë߉¡à¡’„π«—§´’π BCG ·≈–„π‡™◊ÈÕ NTM ·≈– specific antigens ∑’ˇ√“π”¡“„™â¡’Õ¬Ÿà 2 ™π‘¥ §◊Õ 1. Early secreted antigenic target 6 KD protein (ESAT-6) 2. Culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP 10) ´÷Ëß protein 2 µ—«π’È®–Õ¬Ÿà¿“¬„π region of difference 1 (RD1) ¢Õß M. tuberculosis genome ‚¥¬„πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇªìπ LTBI °Á®–¡’°“√µÕ∫ πÕß ‚¥¬ memory T cell ®– √â“ß interferon-gamma ÕÕ°¡“®“°π—Èπ°Á¡’°“√«—¥ IFN-γ ‚¥¬«‘∏’ enzyme-linked immunoassay À√◊Õ°“√µ√«®¥Ÿ INF-γ -producing cells ‚¥¬«‘∏’ enzyme-linked immunospot assay °Á‰¥âµ“¡ √Ÿª∑’Ë 1 QuantiFERON-Gold IJM Vol. 7 No.1 ¢âÕ¥’¢Õß QuantiFERON (QFT-TB) 1. Single visit 2. No booster phenomenon 3. Less bias & error 4. ¡’ specificity Ÿß¢÷Èπ (QFT-Gold) ¢âÕ‡ ’¬¢Õß QuantiFERON (QFT-TB) 1. À≈— ß ®“°‡®“–‡≈◊ Õ ¥·≈â « µâ Õ ß𔉪µ√«® ¿“¬„π 12 ™¡. 2. µâÕß°“√ÀâÕß Lab ∑’Ë∑” ELISA technique 3. ¢“¥ª√– ∫°“√≥å„π°“√∑” QFT test 4. µâÕß¡’°“√µ√«®‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡Õ◊ËπÊ ‡æ◊ËÕ®–∫Õ°«à“ ‡ªìπ active TB À√◊Õ LTBI Õ’°∑’ 5. √“§“·æß ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“„π∑“ß∑ƒ…Æ’π—Èπ QuantiFERON (QFT) °Á¡’∑—ÈߢâÕ¥’·≈–¢âÕ‡ ’¬ ´÷Ëß°Á‰¥â¡’°“√»÷°…“ ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫¥Ÿ √–À«à“ß°“√„™â QFT À√◊Õ TST „π °“√π”¡“‡ªìπ diagnostic test „π LTBI « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 02-Topic 7 2/4/08, 11:59 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 7 ·µà‡π◊ËÕß®“°ªí®®ÿ∫—π gold standard ∑’Ë„™â‡æ◊ËÕ «‘π‘®©—¬ LTBI ¬—߉¡à¡’ ©–π—Èπ°“√®–À“ new diagnostic QuantiFERON IJM Vol. 7 No.1 ë ë ë ë 1st generation „™â PPD ‡ªìπ Ag specificity Specificity similar to TST May affected by previous BCG or NTM ”À√—∫ QFT ∑’Ë¡’„™âÕ¬Ÿà ®–¡’ 2 generation Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ·¡â«à“®–‰¡à¡’ gold standard ·µàÀ“°‡√“µâÕß°“√π” QFT ¡“„™â‡ªìπ diagnostic test ·≈â« ‘Ëß∑’˵âÕßπ”¡“æ‘®“√≥“ §◊Õ 1. Sensitivity of test in LTBI ‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√ 2. Environmental mycobacterial infection ¡’º≈°—∫ test À√◊Õ‰¡à ®“°°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Mori T ·≈–§≥–3 ‚¥¬ ‰¥â»÷°…“‡√◊ËÕß çSpecific detection of tuberculosis infection : an INF-γ based assay using new antigemsé4 ´÷ßË ∑”°“√»÷°…“ºŸªâ «É ¬·≈–π—°»÷°…“欓∫“≈ „π‚√ß欓∫“≈À≈“¬·Àà ß „πª√–‡∑»≠’Ë ªÿÉ π ‚¥¬‰¥â enrolled case ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 369 §π „π™à«ß√–À«à“ß °.§.µ.§. ªï §». 2002 ®“°π—Èπ·∫àߺŸâªÉ«¬‡ªìπ 2 °≈ÿà¡ °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 1 §◊Õ°≈ÿà¡∑’ˉ¡à¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬߵàÕ°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ«—≥‚√§ ·≈–‡§¬‰¥â√∫— «—§´’π BCG ¡“°àÕπÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 1 §√—ßÈ ·≈– ‰¡à¡ª’ √–«—µ ‘ ¡— º— °—∫ºŸªâ «É ¬‚√§«—≥‚√§¡“°àÕπ ·≈–µâÕß ‰¡à‡ªìπ immunocompromised host ‡™àπ HIV, DM, leukemia, lymphoma ·≈– renal failure ¡’®”π«π ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 216 §π à«π°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 2 §◊Õ°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë¡’Õ“°“√∑’Ë ∑”„Àâπà“ ß —¬«à“®–‡ªìπ«—≥‚√§ ‚¥¬¡’Õ“°“√·≈–Õ“°“√ · ¥ß®”π«π 152 ´÷Ëß°≈ÿà¡π’ȉ¥â√—∫°“√¬◊π¬—π«à“‡ªìπ 8 test ®÷ßÕ“®®–¡’¢âÕ®”°—¥‡æ√“–‰¡à¡’ gold standard ¡“ ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫„π‡√◊ËÕß sensitivity & specificity QuantiFERON-Gold ë 2nd generation ë Detect 2 Ag proteins in M.tuberculosis ë Improved specificity «—≥‚√§®√‘ߥ⫬º≈‡æ√“–‡™◊ÈÕ (positive culture) ®“° π—Èπ‰¥âπ”ºŸâªÉ«¬‡À≈à“π’È¡“∑¥ Õ∫¥â«¬ specific antigen 2 µ—«π’È·≈–‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫ TST æ∫«à“ª√‘¡“≥ ESAT-6 ·≈– CFP-10 ®– highly positive „πºŸâªÉ«¬°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 2 ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕπ”º≈¢Õß protein ∑—Èß 2 µ—«¡“æ‘®“√≥“√«¡°—π°Á®–∑”„Àâ sensitivity ·≈– specificity ¢Õß test ‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ°«à“°“√‡≈◊Õ° æ‘®“√≥“ protein µ—«„¥µ—«Àπ÷Ëß4,5 ‚¥¬ test π’È®–¡’ sensitivity ‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ ‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 89 ·≈– specificity ‡∑à“°—∫ √âÕ¬≈– 98.1 ∑—Èß Ê ∑’ˇ¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫ TST ·≈â« sensitivity ‡∑à“°—∫√âÕ¬≈– 65.8 ·≈– specificity ‡∑à“°—∫ √âÕ¬≈– 35.4 ´÷ËßÕ∏‘∫“¬∂÷ß°“√∑’Ë¡’ specificity µË” Õ“® ‡°‘¥®“° TST ®– positive ‰¥â„π§π∑’ˇ§¬‰¥â«—§´’π BCG ¡“°àÕπ À√◊ÕÕ“®‡°‘¥®“°°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ NTM ·¡â«à“°“√µ√«® ESAT-6 ·≈– CFP-10 ®–„Àâ º≈ negative µàÕ‡™◊ÈÕ Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) ·µà °Á æ ∫«à “ ¡’ ° ≈ÿà ¡ ‡™◊È Õ NTM ∫“ß™π‘ ¥ ∑’Ë ¡’ gene encoding ∑—Èß ESAT-6 ·≈– CFP-10 ´÷Ë߉¥â·°à M.kansasii, M.marinum, M.szulgai ©–π—È π À“° µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ 3 µ—«π’È°ÁÕ“®∑”„Àâ°“√µ√«® TB specific antigen protein „Àâº≈∫«°‰¥â « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 02-Topic 8 2/4/08, 11:59 πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß¡’°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Kand Ya ·≈– §≥–‰¥â»°÷ …“‡√◊ÕË ß çDiscrepancy between the TST and the whole blood IFN-γ assay for the diagnosis of LTBI in an intermediate tuberculosis-burden countryé6 „ππ—°»÷°…“·æ∑¬å¢Õ߇°“À≈’æ∫«à“ QFT-Gold ¡’§à“ sensitivity √âÕ¬≈– 81 ·≈– specificity √âÕ¬≈– 96 „π¢≥–∑’Ë TST ¡’ sensitivity √âÕ¬≈– 78 ·≈–¡’§à“ specificity √âÕ¬≈– 49 ‡∑à“π—Èπ ®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ë°≈à“«¡“ πà“®–™à«¬ π—∫ πÿπ«à“ QuantiFERON Õ“®®–π”¡“ „™â‡ªìπ diagnostic test „π LTBI ‰¥â CDC recommendation for QuantiFERON-TB reference °“√¬◊π¬—πº≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫ 1. °“√®–¬◊π¬—πº≈¥â«¬«‘∏’ TST °ÁÕ“®®–∑”‰¥â (optional) À“°æ∫«à“ QFT „Àâº≈∫«°·≈â« 2. ∂â“ QFT „Àâº≈≈∫ °Á‰¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕß∑¥ Õ∫ ¬◊π¬—π ·µà§«√®–¡’°“√∑”∑¥ Õ∫´È” Õ“®®–¥â«¬ QFT À√◊Õ TST °Á‰¥â 3. ‰¡à§«√¬◊π¬—πº≈¢Õß TST ¥â«¬°“√„™â QFT ¡“∑¥ Õ∫‡æ√“–∑’Ë©’¥ tuberculin ®–∑”„Àâ QFT ·ª≈ º≈º‘ ¥ æ≈“¥‰¥â (¬— ß ‰¡à ¡’ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ π’È · πà ™— ¥ „π°√≥’ „ ™â QFT-Gold ¡“∑¥ Õ∫) Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡„πÕ𓧵æ∫«à“¡’°“√æ—≤π“ test π’È ‰ª Ÿà third generation ‡√’¬°«à“ çQuantiFERON Gold in-tubeé ´÷ËßÕ“®®–‡ªìπ test ∑’Ë¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥„π°“√‡ªìπ diagnostic test in LTBI °Á‡ªìπ‰¥â ‡√“§ßµâÕߧլµ‘¥µ“¡ ∂÷ߺ≈°“√»÷°…“„πÕ𓧵µàÕ‰ª ‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 02-Topic 9 2/4/08, 11:59 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 9 Vol. 7 No.1 1. Centers of Disease Control Prevention targeted tuberculin testing & treatment of LTBI. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2000;19:1-51. 2. Mazurek GH, Lobue PA, Daley CL, et al. Comparison of a whole-blood IFN-γ assay with tuberculin skin test for detecting LTBI. JAMA 2001;286:1740-7. 3. Mori T, Sakatani M, Ramagishi F, et al. Specific detection of tuberculosis infection : an interferon-(gamma)-based assay using new antigens. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170:59-64. IJM 1. ‰¡à·π–π”„Àâ„™â test π’È„πª√–™“°√∑’Ë¡’ §«“¡‡ ’ˬߵàÕ‚√§µË” 2. æ‘®“√≥“∑” test π’È„π°≈ÿࡧπ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ ‡ ’Ë¬ß ŸßµàÕ°“√‡°‘¥ LTBI §◊Õ 2.1 °≈ÿࡧπ∑’Ëæ÷Ëß®–¬â“¬∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà (recent immigrants) 2.2 °≈ÿà ¡ ∑’Ë „ ™â ¬ “‡ 浑 ¥ ™π‘ ¥ ©’ ¥ ‡¢â “ ‡ â π (IVDU) 2.3 æπ— ° ß“πÀ√◊ Õ ‡®â “ Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ∑’Ë ∑”ß“π„π ‡√◊Õπ®”À√◊Õ∑’Ëæ—°§π‡√à√àÕπ 3. ‰¡à·π–π”„Àâ„™â QuantiFERON-TB ”À√—∫ 3.1 „™â screening „π‡¥Á°∑’ËÕ“¬ÿπâÕ¬°«à“ 17 ªï À√◊Õ„π°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡ ’Ë¬ß Ÿß∑’Ë®–¡’ progression ¢Õß LTBI ‰ª‡ªìπ‚√§«—≥‚√§ 3.2 °“√ª√–‡¡‘ π °“√ — ¡ º— ‚√§«— ≥ ‚√§ (assessment of contacts of TB disease) 3.3 Evaluating suspected TB disease ”À√—∫°“√·π–π”„Àâ„™â QuantiFERON-TB Gold ®–¡’§”·π–𔵓¡¡“„π¿“¬À≈—ß extrapulmonary tuberculosis. J Infect Diasese 2001;183:175-6. 6. Ya K, Lee HW, Yoon HI, et al. Discrepancy between the TST and the whole blood IFN-γ assay for the diagnosis of LTBI in an intermediate tuberculosis-burden country. JAMA 2005;293:2756-61. IJM Vol. 7 No.1 4. Arend SM, Anderson P, van Meijgaarden KE, et al. Detection of active tuberculosis infection by T cell responses to early-secreted antigenic target 6-kDa protein and culture filtrate protein 10. J Infect Disease 2000;181:1850-4. 5. Munk ME, Arend SM, Brock I, et al. Use of ESAT-6 and CPF-10 antigens for diagnosis of 10 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 02-Topic 10 2/4/08, 11:59 Interesting Case Abdominal Pain with Hypertension æ≠.∑‘æ«√√≥ ∫«√°‘µµ‘«ß»å 1, √».πæ.∏ß™—¬ ª√–Æ‘¿“≥«—µ√ 2 1 ·æ∑¬åª√–®”∫â“πÕ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å, 2 “¢“«‘™“µàÕ¡‰√â∑àÕ·≈–‡¡µ“∫Õ≈‘ ¡ ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ºŸâªÉ«¬À≠‘߉∑¬ Õ“¬ÿ 28 ªï Õ“™’æ√—∫®â“ß ®—ßÀ«—¥‡≈¬ ª√–«—µ‘Õ¥’µ : Õ“°“√ ”§—≠ : ª«¥∑âÕß·≈–§≈◊Ëπ‰ âÕ“‡®’¬π¡“ 3 —ª¥“Àå ª√–«—µ‘ªí®®ÿ∫—π : Physical examination : Neurological examination : She was fully of consciousness and well co-operative to examination. She had generalized motor weakness of all extremities (grade 4/5). Reflex was hypo-reflexia of all extremities and Barbinskiûs sign was plantar response both sides. Sensation was hyperesthesia at lower extremities and trunk. Cranial nerves and other neurological examinations were normal. « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 03-Intersesting case 11 2/4/08, 12:02 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 11 Vol. 7 No.1 She looked distress. Her blood pressure and heart rate were 138/80 mmHg and 110 bpm regular, respectively. Her abdominal signs showed no tenderness, no guarding, active bowel sound, and impalpable liver and spleen. Other systems were normal except neurological signs. IJM 3 — ª ¥“Àå °à Õ π¡“‚√ß欓∫“≈ ¡’ Õ “°“√ ‡Àπ◊ËÕ¬‡æ≈’¬ ª«¥∑âÕß„µâ≈‘Èπªïò §≈◊Ëπ‰ âÕ“‡®’¬π ∑“π Õ“À“√‰¡à‰¥â ‰¡à¡’‰¢â ®÷߉ª‚√ß欓∫“≈ Õ¬Ÿà√—°…“ ª√–¡“≥ 1 —ª¥“Àå √–À«à“ßÕ¬Ÿà√—°…“ ¡’Õ“°“√™—°‡°√Áß ‰¡à√Ÿâ ÷°µ—« 1 §√—Èß √à«¡°—∫§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß°àÕπ∑’Ë®– ¡’Õ“°“√™—°‡°√Áß ‰¡à¡’Õ“°“√ª«¥»’√…– ‰¡à¡’Õ“°“√ ·¢π¢“ÕàÕπ·√ßÀ≈—ß™—° ‰¥â√∫— °“√µ√«® CT scan brain º≈ª°µ‘·≈–‰¥â√—∫°“√«‘π‘®©—¬‡ªìπ hypertensive crisis ‰¥â√—°…“‚¥¬°“√„À⬓≈¥§«“¡¥—π ·≈–„Àâ°≈—∫∫â“π ‡¡◊ËÕ§«“¡¥—π≈¥≈ß 10 «—π°àÕπ¡“‚√ß欓∫“≈ ¡’Õ“°“√ª«¥∑âÕß ¢÷Èπ¡“Õ’°‚¥¬ª«¥∑âÕß∑–≈ÿ‰ªÀ≈—ß ·≈–ª«¥∫√‘‡«≥ °≈“ßÀ≈—ßµ√ß°≈“ß√â“«≈ß¡“¢“∑—Èß 2 ¢â“ß ‰¡à¡’‰¢â ‰¡à¡’Õ“°“√ª«¥»’√…– ªí “«–ª°µ‘ ‰¡à¡’ ’·¥ß ‰¡à¡’ Õ“°“√· ∫¢—¥ Õÿ®®“√–ª°µ‘¥’ ‰ª√—∫°“√√—°…“∑’Ë‚√ß æ¬“∫“≈ ‰¥âÕ¬Ÿà√—°…“„π‚√ß欓∫“≈ 4 «—π µ√«®æ∫ ª«¥∑âÕß√à«¡°—∫§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß 150/110 mmHg ‰¥â√—∫°“√√—°…“‚¥¬„À⬓≈¥§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ atenolol (50 mg) «—π≈– 1 §√—Èß amlodipine (5 mg) «—π≈– 1 §√—Èß ·≈– enalapril (5mg) «—π≈– 1 §√—Èß ·µàÕ“°“√ ª«¥∑âÕ߉¡à¥’¢÷Èπ ·æ∑¬å®÷ß àßµ—«¡“ª√÷°…“ ªØ‘‡ ∏‚√§ª√–®”µ—«Õ◊Ëπ Ê À√◊Õ∑“𬓄¥Ê ‡ªì π ª√–®” ¬°‡«â 𠇧¬‰¥â √— ∫ °“√«‘ π‘ ® ©— ¬ «à “ ‡ªì 𠧫“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß¢≥–µ—ßÈ §√√¿å ‡¡◊ÕË ª√–¡“≥ 1 ªï°Õà 𠉥â√—∫°“√√—°…“¥â«¬°“√∑“𬓠‚¥¬ “¡“√∂À¬ÿ¥¬“‰¥â À≈—ߧ≈Õ¥ Laboratory investigation : CBC : Hb 11.3 g/dL, Hct 33.2%, WBC 5500/ mm3, Plt 373,000/mm3 N 57.9 %, L 29.6%, M 11.3%, E 0.9%, B 0.3%, MCV 86.4% Blood chemistry BUN/Cr 24.4/1.3 mg/dL, Na 120, K 5.2, HCO3 248, Cl 85 mEq/L Ca 9.5, PO4 5.6 mg/dL, Chol 246 mg/dL mg/dL, TP 7.5, Alb 4, Glob 3.5, TB 0.5, DB 0.2 mg/dL, ALT 23, AST 75, ALP 87, CK 82 U/L Serum Osm 252, Urine Osm 364 osmo/L, Urine Na 10, K 36.6, Cl 22 mEq/L Other tests were within normal limit including thyroid funtion tests 1. Pheochromocytoma 2. Lead poisoning 3. Acute pancreatitis °“√µ√«®∑“ßÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ ‰¥â·°à °“√¥Ÿ ’¢Õßªí “«–°àÕπ·≈–À≈—ß°“√µ“°·¥¥ ¥—ß · ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ´â“¬¡◊Õ°àÕ𵓰·¥¥ ¢«“¡◊ÕÀ≈—ß °“√µ“°·¥¥ æ∫«à“ªí “«–¡’ ‡’ ¢â¡¢÷πÈ Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π ‚¥¬ ¡’ ’§≈⓬ ’πÈ”Õßÿàπ (°àÕπ) (À≈—ß) √Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ªí “«–¢ÕߺŸªâ «É ¬°àÕπ (´â“¬) ·≈–À≈—ß°“√µ“°·¥¥ (¢«“) IJM Vol. 7 No.1 «‘®“√≥å ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬√“¬π’È ¡’ Õ “°“√ª«¥∑â Õ ß¡“π“π∂÷ ß 3 —ª¥“Àå √—°…“·∫∫‚√§°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√ Õ“°“√‰¡à¥¢’ π÷È ·≈–®“°°“√´— ° ª√–«— µ‘ · ≈–µ√«®√à “ ß°“¬ ‰¡à æ ∫ ≈— ° …≥–‚√§∑’Ë ®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß‰¥â √— ∫ °“√√— ° …“¥â « ¬°“√ ºà“µ—¥„¥Ê πÕ°®“°π’È ¬— ß æ∫«à “ ¡’ § «“¡¥— π ‚≈À‘ µ Ÿ ß ´÷Ë ß ‰¡à§«√æ∫„π§πÕ“¬ÿπÕâ ¬ √à«¡°—∫À—«„®‡µâπ‡√Á« ∫àß∫Õ° «à“√–∫∫ª√– “∑Õ—µ‚π¡—µ‘∑”ß“π‰¡à ¡¥ÿ≈ (sympathetic over activities) √à«¡°—∫æ∫§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘∑“ß √–∫∫ª√– “∑ ´÷Ëßæ∫Õ“°“√ÕàÕπ·√ß∑—Èß·¢π·≈–¢“ ∑”„Àâ¡’À≈—°∞“π¬◊π¬—π«à“ ºŸâªÉ«¬πà“®–¡’ autonomic neuropathy ∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß ·≈–Õ“°“√ ª«¥∑âÕß ‚√§∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬√“¬π’Èπà“®–‡ªìπ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‰¥â·°à acute intermittent porphyria ‚√§∑’˵âÕß«‘π‘®©—¬·¬°‚√§‰¥â·°à Porphyria Porphyria ‡ªì𧫓¡º‘¥ª°µ‘∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡ ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫‡Õπ‰´¡å„π°“√ —߇§√“–À匒¡ (heme biosynthesis pathway) ¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 ‚¥¬®– ·∫à߇ªì𧫓¡º‘¥ª°µ‘¢Õß°≈ÿà¡‚√§π’È ·¬°µ“¡Õ«—¬«– ∑’˺‘¥ª°µ‘ÕÕ°‰¥â‡ªìπ 2 °≈ÿࡧ◊Õ 1. §«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å∑’˵—∫ (hepatic porphyria) 2. §«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å∑’ˇ¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ß (erythropoietic porphyria) ≈—°…≥–Õ“°“√· ¥ß∑“ߧ≈‘π‘° ∑’Ë ”§— ≠ ¢Õß porphyria ‰¥â·°à 1. Õ“°“√∑“ß√–∫∫ª√– “∑ ‰¥â·°à ÕàÕπ·√ß ´÷¡ —∫ π À√◊Õ™—° √à«¡°—∫ Õ“°“√ª«¥∑âÕß®“° §«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘¢Õ߇ âπª√– “∑ (neuropathic abdominal pain) 12 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 03-Intersesting case 12 2/4/08, 12:03 IJM Vol. 7 No.1 √Ÿª∑’Ë 2 Heme biosynthesis „π∑’Ëπ’È®–°≈à“«∂÷߇©æ“– acute intermittent porphyria 2. §«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘¢Õߺ‘«Àπ—ß´÷Ë߉¥â·°à º◊Ëπ·æâ · ß (cutaneous photosensitivity) §«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘∑“ߧ≈‘π‘°¢Õß hepatic porphyria §◊Õ Õ“°“√∑“ß√–∫∫ª√– “∑ Õ“®®–æ∫§«“¡ º‘¥ª°µ‘∑“ߺ‘«Àπ—ß√à«¡¥â«¬ (µ“√“ß∑’Ë1 ) « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 03-Intersesting case 13 2/4/08, 12:03 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 13 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 §«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘∑“ߧ≈‘π‘°„πºŸâªÉ«¬ porphyria IJM Vol. 7 No.1 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 §«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘∑“ßÀâÕߪƑ∫—µ‘°“√„πºŸâªÉ«¬ porphyria 14 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 03-Intersesting case 14 2/4/08, 12:03 Acute intermittent porphyria ≈—°…≥–∑“ߧ≈‘π‘° Acute intermittent porphyria ‡ªì𧫓¡ º‘¥ª°µ‘∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡·∫∫ autosomal dominant ‡ªìπ º≈®“°§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘¢Õß HMB-synthetase activity µ—Èß·µà°”‡π‘¥ Õ“°“√¢Õß‚√§®–°”‡√‘∫‡¡◊ËÕ∂Ÿ°°√–µÿâπ ¥â«¬ªí®®—¬∑—Èß¿“¬„π·≈–¿“¬πÕ°√à“ß°“¬ à«π„À≠à ®–‰¡à¡’Õ“°“√§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘„¥Ê ®π°√–∑—ËßÕ“¬ÿºà“π«—¬√ÿàπ‰ª·≈â« ‚¥¬Õ“°“√®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ‡¡◊Ë Õ ‰¥â √— ∫ µ— « °√–µÿâ π ´÷Ë ß ∑”„Àâ ° “√º≈‘ µ Œ’ ¡ ‡°‘ ¥ °“√ ‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß µ—«°√–µÿâπ¡’∑—Èß®“°¿“¬„π·≈–¿“¬πÕ° √à“ß°“¬ ‰¥â·°à ŒÕ√å‚¡π‡æ» ¥◊Ë¡Õ—≈°ÕŒÕ≈å Õ¥Õ“À“√ ¿“«–µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ °“√ºà“µ—¥ ·≈–‰¥â√—∫¬“∑’Ë∑”„À⇡µ“∫Õ≈‘ ¡¢Õߌ’¡‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3) µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 ¬“∑’Ë “¡“√∂„™â‰¥â·≈–‰¡à‰¥â„πºŸâªÉ«¬ porphyria IJM Vol. 7 No.1 Õ“°“√·≈–Õ“°“√· ¥ß∑’Ë ”§— ≠ ∑“ߧ≈‘ π‘ ° ‰¥â·°à ª«¥∑âÕß ‡ªìπÕ“°“√∑’Ëæ∫‰¥â∫àÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥ æ∫‰¥â ∑—Èß≈—°…≥– ª«¥∑âÕß ∑âÕßÕ◊¥ ·≈–§≈◊Ëπ‰ âÕ“‡®’¬π ´÷Ëß ¡—°®– —∫ π°—∫‚√§∑“ß»—≈¬°√√¡ §«“¡º‘ ¥ ª°µ‘ ¢ Õ߇ â π ª√– “∑ à « πª≈“¬ (peripheral neuropathy) ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“° axonal degeneration ¡—°®–æ∫°“√ÕàÕπ·√ß„π°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ à«πµâπ (proximal muscle weakness) ·≈–Õ“®¡’ §«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘¢Õ߇ âπª√– “∑ ¡Õß (cranial nerve) √à « ¡¥â « ¬ §«“¡º‘ ¥ ª°µ‘ ∑ “ߥ⠓ π°“√√— ∫ §«“¡√Ÿâ ÷ ° (sensory) ®–æ∫‰¥âπÕâ ¬°«à“ Õ“®®–æ∫ paresthesia À√◊Õ loss of sensation Õ“°“√ÕàÕπ·√ßÕ“®‡ªìπ¡“°¢÷Èπ ®π∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√ÕàÕπ·√ß„π°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫°“√ À“¬„® ®π∑”„À⇰‘¥¿“«–À“¬„®≈⡇À≈« ·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘µ ‰¥â πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ßÕ“®®–‡ ’¬™’«‘µ®“°°“√∑’ËÀ—«„®‡µâπ ‰¡à ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ ®“°§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘¢Õß√–∫∫ª√– “∑ Õ—µ‚π¡—µ‘ §«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘¢Õß√–¥—∫§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°·≈–§«“¡ º‘¥ª°µ‘∑“ß®‘µ (mental symptoms) ‡°‘¥‰¥âÀ≈“¬ ≈—°…≥–µ“¡·µà§«“¡√ÿπ·√ß ‰¥â·°à anxiety, insomnia, depression, disorientation, hallucination, paranoid πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß “¡“√∂∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√™—°∑—Èßµ—«‰¥â ´÷Ëß « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 03-Intersesting case 15 2/4/08, 12:03 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 15 ¿“«–™—° Õ“®®–‡°‘¥‰¥â®“°º≈¢Õߧ«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘¢Õß Œ’¡µàÕ‡´≈ ¡Õß À√◊Õ®“°¿“«–‚´‡¥’ˬ¡„π‡≈◊Õ¥µË” (hyponatremia) °“√√—°…“Õ“°“√™—°§àÕπ¢â“߬“° ‡π◊ËÕß ®“°¬“°—π™—°∫“ßµ—«Õ“®‡ªìπµ—«°√–µÿâπ∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡ º‘¥ª°µ‘¢Õߌ’¡¡“°¬‘ßË ¢÷πÈ ‰¥â ¬“„π°≈ÿ¡à clonazepam ®– ª≈Õ¥¿—¬°«à“¬“ phenytoin ·≈– barbiturate ¿“«–‚´‡¥’ˬ¡„π‡≈◊Õ¥µË” (hyponatremia) ‡°‘¥ ®“°§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘¢Õß hypothalamus ∑”„Àâ°“√À≈—Ëß vasopressin ¡“°¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“߉¡à‡À¡“– ¡ À√◊Õ®“°°“√∑’Ë √—∫ª√–∑“πÕ“À“√‰¥âπÕâ ¬ √à«¡°—∫§≈◊πË ‰ âÕ“‡®’¬π À√◊Õ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬ÕÕ°∑“߉µ ®“°§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘¢Õ߉µ‚¥¬µ√ß IJM Vol. 7 No.1 °“√«‘π‘®©—¬ √–¬–‡«≈“∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡„π°“√µ√«®√–¥—∫¢Õß porphyrin ‡æ◊ÕË °“√«‘π®‘ ©—¬‰¥â·°à ¢≥–∑’‚Ë √§°”≈—ß°”‡√‘∫ ‚¥¬®–æ∫√–¥—∫ ALA ·≈– PBG ®–‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ∑—Èß„π ‡≈◊Õ¥ ·≈–ªí “«– ‚¥¬∂⓵√«®„π¢≥–‚√§‰¡à°”‡√‘∫ Õ“°“√°”‡√‘∫ √–¥—∫¢Õß “√¥—ß°≈à“«Õ“®®–Õ¬Ÿ„à π‡°≥±å ª°µ‘‰¥â à«π„À≠à„πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇªìπæ“À–¢Õß‚√§ (heterozygotes) ®–‰¡à ¡’ Õ “°“√º‘ ¥ ª°µ‘ „ ¥Ê ¢Õß‚√§ ·µàÕ“®®–µ√«®æ∫§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å HMGsynthetase deficiency ‚¥¬∑’Ë√–¥—∫¢Õß ALA ·≈– PBG Õ¬Ÿà„π‡°≥±åª°µ‘ °“√√—°…“ °“√√—°…“‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥√–¥—∫Œ’¡„πµ—∫ °“√„Àâ°≈Ÿ‚§ Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 300 °√—¡µàÕ«—π ·≈– À≈’°‡≈’ˬ߰“√Õ¥Õ“À“√ Õ“®®–®”‡ªìπµâÕß„Àâ°≈Ÿ‚§ ∑“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥¥” „™â„π°√≥’‰¡à “¡“√∂„ÀâÕ“À“√ ∑“ߪ“°‰¥â‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π °“√„À⌒¡∑“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥¥” ‚¥¬√–¥—∫Œ’¡∑’Ë ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®–≈¥√–¥—∫‡Õπ‰´¡å ALA synthase ®–¡’ ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“楒°«à“°“√„Àâ°≈Ÿ‚§ „π°“√≈¥°“√À≈—Ëß porphyria precursor ·µà°“√µÕ∫ πÕßµàÕŒ’¡®–≈¥≈ß ∂â“„Àâ°“√√—°…“¥â«¬Œ’¡™â“‡°‘π‰ª °“√À“¬¢Õߧ«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘®–‡√Á«À√◊ՙⓢ÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà °—∫§«“¡√ÿπ·√ߢÕß°“√‡ ’¬¢Õ߇ âπª√– “∑ ´÷ËßÕ“® ®–¥’¢π÷È Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«„π 1-2 «—π ‡¡◊ÕË ‰¥â√∫— °“√√—°…“‡√Á« ·µàÕ“®®–À“¬™â“∂â“¡’°“√∑”≈“¬‡ âπª√– “∑Õ¬à“ß√ÿπ·√ß ´÷ËßÕ“®µâÕß„™â‡«≈“‡ªìπ‡¥◊ÕπÀ√◊Õªï °“√√—°…“‡æ◊ËÕª√–§—∫ª√–§ÕßÕ“°“√ ¬“·°âª«¥ ¬“·°âÕ“‡®’¬π ¬“πÕπÀ≈—∫ ·≈–¬“ °— π ™— ° ´÷Ë ß Õ“®®–®”‡ªì π µâ Õ ß„™â §«√‡≈◊ Õ °¬“∑’Ë ª≈Õ¥¿—¬·≈–‰¡à√∫°«πµàÕ‡¡µ“∫Õ≈‘ ¡¢Õߌ’¡ √ÿª „πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 ∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ 1. Desnick R. The porphyrias. Harrisonûs Internal Medicine. 16th (ed). McGraw-Hill Companies, USA;2005:2304-5. 16 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 03-Intersesting case 16 2/4/08, 12:03 Original Article ‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—°„π‚√ß欓∫“≈Õÿ¥√∏“π’ πæ.∏‘µ‘ Õ÷ÈßÕ“√’ “¢“«‘™“ª√– “∑«‘∑¬“ °≈ÿà¡ß“πÕ“¬ÿ√°√√¡ ‚√ß欓∫“≈Õÿ¥√∏“π’ ∫∑§—¥¬àÕ «—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 04-original Article 17 2/4/08, 13:16 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 17 Vol. 7 No.1 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π IJM ‡æ◊ÕË »÷°…“≈—°…≥–∑“ߧ≈‘π°‘ °“√√—°…“ ·≈– ªí®®—¬∑’Ë —¡æ—π∏å°—∫Õ—µ√“°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‚√§ ∫“¥∑–¬—°„π‚√ß欓∫“≈Õÿ¥√∏“π’ ®—ßÀ«—¥Õÿ¥√∏“π’ √Ÿª·∫∫°“√»÷°…“ : °“√»÷ ° …“·∫∫‡°Á ∫ ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¬âÕπÀ≈—ß «‘∏’°“√ : ‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡«™√–‡∫’¬πºŸâªÉ«¬„π∑’Ë ‰¥â√—∫°“√«‘π‘®©—¬ ‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—°„π‚√ß欓∫“≈ Õÿ¥√∏“π’ µ—Èß·µà 1 °√°Æ“§¡ 2538 - 30 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π 2549 º≈°“√»÷ ° …“ : ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬‚√§∫“¥∑–¬— ° ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥®”π«π 85 √“¬ ·¬°‡ªìπ‡æ»™“¬ √âÕ¬≈– 52.90 ‡æ»À≠‘ß √âÕ¬≈– 47.10 Õ“¬ÿ‡©≈’ˬ 48.88 ªï ‚¥¬æ∫„π™à«ßÕ“¬ÿ 41-50 ªï ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ºŸâªÉ«¬ à«π„À≠à‰¥â√—∫‡™◊ÈÕ®“°∫“¥·º≈∑’ˇ∑â“√âÕ¬≈– 44.70 æ∫«à“‡ªìπ ∫“¥∑–¬—°™π‘¥‡°√Áß∑—Èßµ—« √âÕ¬≈– 82.35 ™π‘¥‡©æ“–∑’Ë√âÕ¬≈– 17.65 √–¬–‡«≈“∑’ˉ¥â√—∫‡™◊ÈÕ ®π‡√‘Ë¡¡’Õ“°“√ ¡“°°«à“ 7 «—πæ∫¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ √âÕ¬≈– 41.18 √–¬–‡«≈“∑’ˇ√‘Ë¡¡’Õ“°“√®π¡’Õ“°“√‡°√Áß∑—Èß µ—«¿“¬„π 1 «—π æ∫¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥√âÕ¬≈– 56.47 ºŸâªÉ«¬ ∑’ˇªìπ‚√§‰µ«“¬·≈–‡∫“À«“π ¡’·π«‚πâ¡∑’Ë®–‡ ’¬ ™’«‘µ Ÿß √âÕ¬≈– 100 ·≈– 83.33 µ“¡≈”¥—∫ √–¬– ‡«≈“∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬Õ¬Ÿà„π‚√ß欓∫“≈„π™à«ß 29 - 35 «—π ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ penicillin ‡ªìπ¬“ªØ‘™’«π–∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬‰¥â√—∫ ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥√âÕ¬≈– 84.71 ªÕ¥Õ—°‡ ∫‡ªìπ¿“«– ·∑√°´âÕπ∑’Ëæ∫¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ √âÕ¬≈– 59.29 Õ—µ√“ °“√µ“¬¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—° √âÕ¬≈– 24.70 ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ¡“°°«à“ 50 ªï ¡’‚Õ°“ ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ 3.3 ‡∑à“¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿπâÕ¬°«à“ (OR=3.3, 95% CI=1.07-10.34, p = 0.009) ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’√–¬–‡«≈“ √—∫‡™◊ÈÕ®π‡√‘Ë¡¡’Õ“°“√ µË”°«à“À√◊Õ‡∑à“°—∫ 7 «—π ¡’ ‚Õ°“ ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ 14.2 ‡∑à“ ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’√–¬–‡«≈“ √—∫‡™◊ÈÕ®π‡√‘Ë¡¡’Õ“°“√¡“°°«à“ 7 «—π (OR = 14.2 95% CI = 3.30-69.41, p = 0.001) ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’ ‚√§ª√–®”µ—«¡’‚Õ°“ ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ 14.2 ‡∑à“¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ¡’ ‚ √§ª√–®”µ— « (OR = 14.2, 95% CI = 2.29-147.54, p = 0.001) ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’˵‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ ∑“߇¥‘πªí “«–¡’‚Õ°“ ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ 11.4 ‡∑à“ ¢Õß ºŸªâ «É ¬∑’‰Ë ¡àµ¥‘ ‡™◊ÕÈ ∑“߇¥‘πªí “«– (OR = 11.4, 95% CI = 1.76-121.54, p = 0.001) √ÿª : ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—° à«π„À≠à‰¥â√—∫ ‡™◊ÈÕ®“°∫“¥·º≈∑’ˇ∑â“ √âÕ¬≈– 82.35 ‡ªìπ™π‘¥ generalized tetanus ‚¥¬Õ—µ√“°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ √âÕ¬≈– 24.70 °“√ªÑÕß°—π‰¡à„À⇰‘¥‚√§¥—ß°≈à“« ‚¥¬°“√ √â“ß¿Ÿ¡‘§ÿâ¡°—π‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥ IJM Vol. 7 No.1 ∫∑π” ‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—° ‡ªìπ∑’Ë√Ÿâ®—°°—π¡“π“π 500 ªï °àÕπ§√‘ µå»—°√“™ ‚¥¬°“√∫—π∑÷°≈—°…≥–Õ“°“√ºŸâªÉ«¬ ∑’˵‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ‰«â ‡¡◊ËÕªï 1889 Kitasato ‰¥â·¬°‡™◊ÈÕ®“°ºŸâªÉ«¬ ∑’µË ¥‘ ‡™◊ÕÈ ·≈–‡¡◊ÕË ©’¥‡™◊ÕÈ ¥—ß°≈à“«„π —µ«å∑¥≈Õß ∑”„Àâ ¡’Õ“°“√¢Õß‚√§‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ ‚¥¬∑—«Ë ‰ª‚√§‡°‘¥®“°∫“¥·º≈ ªπ‡ªóôÕπ·≈–µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ Clostridium tetani1 ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‡™◊ÈÕ ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ anaerobic √Ÿª·∑àß ·°√¡∫«° “¡“√∂ √â“ß ªÕ√剥â æ∫‰¥â∑—Ë«‰ª„π¥‘π ¡Ÿ≈ —µ«å À√◊Õ·¡â°√–∑—Ëß ∑“߇¥‘πÕ“À“√¢Õß§π ‡™◊ÈÕ®– √â“ß “√æ‘…¢÷Èπ¡“ 2 ™π‘¥ §◊Õ tetanolysin ´÷ßË ¬—߉¡àæ∫«à“¡’º≈‡ ’¬µàÕ√à“ß°“¬ ¡πÿ…¬å ·≈– tetanospasmin ´÷Ëß¡’ƒ∑∏‘Ï∑”„Àâ°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ °√–µÿ°∑’Ë·√ß¡“° “¡“√∂ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘ω¥â√ÿπ·√ß·¡â®–¡’ ª√‘¡“≥πâÕ¬ ‚¥¬ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ϭ—∫¬—Èß inhibitor synapse ∑’Ë ∫√‘‡«≥ anterior horn cell ¢Õß spinal cord ∑”„Àâ °≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡°√Áß°√–µÿ° ‡™◊ËÕ«à“ “√æ‘…π’È®–°√–®“¬ ºà“π∑“߇ âπª√– “∑·≈⫧àÕ¬°√–®“¬‡¢â“ Ÿàª√– “∑ à«π°≈“ß √–¬–øí°µ—«¢Õß∫“¥∑–¬—°π—∫®“°‰¥â√∫— ‡™◊ÕÈ À√◊Õ¡’∫“¥·º≈ ®π∂÷߇√‘¡Ë ¡’Õ“°“√‡√‘¡Ë ·√°¢Õß∫“¥∑–¬—° ‚¥¬‡©≈’ˬπ“π 7-8 «—𠬑Ëß√–¬–øí°µ—« —Èπ‡∑à“„¥ Õ“°“√ ®–√ÿπ·√ß ·≈–欓°√≥å‚√§®–‡≈«≈߇™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π Õ“°“√¢Õß‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—°·∫à߇ªìπ 2 ™π‘¥ §◊Õ 1. Local tetanus ‡™àπ cephalic tetanus ∑’Ë ‡°‘¥®“°°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ∫√‘‡«≥»’√…– ·≈â«¡’Õ“°“√‡°√ÁߢÕß °≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ„∫Àπâ“ ≈◊¡µ“‰¡à¢÷Èπ (blephalospasm) 2. Generalized tetanus Õ“°“√π”§◊Õ Õ⓪“° ‰¡à¢÷Èπ®“°°“√‡°√ÁߢÕß°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ¢“°√√‰°√ (trismus) °≈â“¡‡π◊ÕÈ „∫ÀπⓇ°√Á߇À¡◊Õπ· ¬–¬‘¡È (risus sardonicus) µà Õ ¡“°≈â “ ¡‡π◊È Õ ‡°√Á ß ∑—Ë « √à “ ß°“¬∑”„Àâ æŸ ¥ ·≈–°≈◊ π ≈”∫“° (dysphagia) µ—«‡°√Áß·Õàπ (opisthotonos) √«¡ ∑—Èß°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ∑’˧«∫§ÿ¡°“√À“¬∑”„À⺟âªÉ«¬À¬ÿ¥ À“¬„® ‰¥â „π√“¬∑’Ë¡’Õ“°“√√ÿπ·√ß Õ“®æ∫§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘¢Õß √–∫∫ª√– “∑Õ—µ‚π¡—µ‘ ‚¥¬¡’§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß-µË” ≈—∫°—π ·≈–™’æ®√‡µâπ‡√Á« ≈—∫™â“‰¥â ·¡â«à“‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—°¡’°“√æ—≤π“«—§´’π ·≈– antitoxin ´÷Ëߙ૬ªÑÕß°—π‚√§‰¥â ·µàºŸâªÉ«¬¥—ß°≈à“«°Á¬—ßæ∫Õ¬Ÿà Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ·≈–¡’Õ—µ√“°“√µ“¬ Ÿß2 √âÕ¬≈– 20-50 ¥—ßπ—Èπ ®÷ßπ—∫«à“‡ªìπ‚√§∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠ °“√»÷°…“π’È ‡ªìπ°“√√«∫√«¡ºŸâªÉ«¬∫“¥∑–¬—° 11 ªï¬âÕπÀ≈—ß„π ‚√ß欓∫“≈Õÿ¥√∏“π’ ‡æ◊ÕË »÷°…“°≈ÿ¡à ª√–™“°√∑’µË ¥‘ ‡™◊ÕÈ ≈— ° …≥–∑—Ë « ‰ª¢ÕߺŸâ ªÉ « ¬ °“√√— ° …“·≈–ªí ® ®— ¬ ∑’Ë —¡æ—π∏å°—∫Õ—µ√“°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ «‘∏’°“√»÷°…“ ºŸâ«‘®—¬‰¥â∑”°“√»÷°…“¬âÕπÀ≈—ß ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ °“√«‘π‘®©—¬«à“‡ªìπ‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—°·≈–‰¥â√—∫‡¢â“√—°…“ „π‚√ß欓∫“≈Õÿ¥√∏“π’ ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ‚√ß欓∫“≈»Ÿπ¬å¢π“¥ 800 ‡µ’¬ß √—∫ºŸâªÉ«¬∑—Èß„π®—ßÀ«—¥Õÿ¥√∏“π’ ·≈–ºŸâªÉ«¬ ∑’ Ë ßà µàÕ¡“®“°µà“ß®—ßÀ«—¥∑’¬Ë ß— ‰¡à¡ª’ √– “∑Õ“¬ÿ√·æ∑¬å ‚¥¬∑”°“√»÷°…“„π™à«ß‡«≈“ µ—ßÈ ·µà 1 °√°°Æ“§¡ 2538 ∂÷ß 30 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π 2549 „πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ 15 ªï ¢÷Èπ‰ª ®”·π°µ“¡ ‡æ» Õ“¬ÿ ‚√§ª√–®”µ—« √–¬–‡«≈“∑’ˉ¥â √—∫‡™◊ÈÕ®π‡√‘Ë¡¡’Õ“°“√ (incubation period) √–¬–‡«≈“ ∑’ˇ√‘Ë¡¡’Õ“°“√®π¡’Õ“°“√‡°√Áß∑—Èßµ—« (onset) ™π‘¥¢Õß ∫“¥∑–¬—° (localized / generalized ) ‚√§ª√–®”µ—« √–¬–‡«≈“∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π‚√ß欓∫“≈ ‚√§·∑√°´âÕπ ·≈– º≈°“√√—°…“ (√Õ¥™’«‘µ/µ“¬ ) ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë„™â„π°“√«‘®—¬ „™â ∂‘µ‘æ√√≥𓧫“¡∂’Ë√âÕ¬≈– ·≈–À“§à“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å ¢Õßªí®®—¬∑’Ë¡’º≈µàÕ°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ ‚¥¬„™â ∂‘µ‘ OR 95%CI ¢Õß OR ·≈– ∂‘µ‘ χ2 „π°“√∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å º≈°“√»÷°…“ ®“°°“√∑∫∑«π‡«™√–‡∫’¬πµ—ßÈ ·µà 1 °√°Æ“§¡ 2538 ∂÷ß 30 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π 2549 ¡’®”π«πºŸâ∑’Ë√—∫°“√ «‘π‘®©—¬«à“‡ªìπ‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—° ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥®”π«π 85 √“¬ ‡ªìπ‡æ»™“¬ 45 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈–52.9) ‡æ»À≠‘ß 40 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 47.1) Õ“¬ÿ‡©≈’¬Ë 44.88 ªï ‚¥¬Õ¬Ÿ„à π™à«ß‡«≈“Õ“¬ÿ 41-50 ªï¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ¥—ß√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„𠵓√“ß∑’Ë 1 18 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 04-original Article 18 2/4/08, 13:16 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 · ¥ß§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—°°—∫Õ“¬ÿ·≈–‡æ» Õ“¬ÿ (ªï) 15-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 > 80 √«¡ ‡æ»™“¬ ®”π«π(√âÕ¬≈–) 2 (4.44) 3 (6.66) 12 (26.67) 10 (22.22) 6 (13.33) 5 (11.11) 5 (11.11) 2 (4.44) 45 (100) ‡æ»À≠‘ß ®”π«π(√âÕ¬≈–) 0 (0.00) 2 (5.00) 8 (20.00) 12 (30.00) 10 (25.00) 4 (10.00) 3 (7.50) 1 (2.50) 40 (100) ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ®”π«π(√âÕ¬≈–) 2 (2.35) 5 (5.88) 20 (23.53) 22 (25.89) 16 (18.82) 9 (10.59) 8 (9.41) 3 (3.53) 85 (100) µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 · ¥ß∫√‘‡«≥∑’ˉ¥â√—∫‡™◊ÈÕ ®”π«π(√âÕ¬≈–) ‰¡à∑√“∫µ”·Àπàß™—¥‡®π ·º≈∑’‡Ë ∑â“ ·º≈∑’Ë»’√…– ·º≈∑’·Ë ¢π·≈–¡◊Õ ®“°°“√∑”·∑âß ·º≈®“°°“√ºà“µ—¥ 25 (29.41) 38 (44.70) 7 (8.24) 12 (14.12) 2 (2.35) 1 (1.18) ∫“¥·º≈∑’Ë · ¢π·≈–¡◊ Õ 12 √“¬ (√â Õ ¬≈–14.12) ∫“¥·º≈®“°°“√∑”·∑âß 2 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈–2.35) ·≈– ∫“¥·º≈®“°°“√ºà“µ—¥ 1 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈–1.18) µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 · ¥ßÕ“°“√·≈–Õ“°“√· ¥ß Õ“°“√ / Õ“°“√· ¥ß Localized tetanus (cephalic) Generalized tetanus Trismus Risus sardonicus Opisthotonos Dysphagia ®”π«π 15 70 58 66 70 64 √âÕ¬≈– 17.65 82.35 68.24 77.65 82.35 75.29 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 04-original Article 19 2/4/08, 13:16 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 19 Vol. 7 No.1 ®“°µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 ºŸâªÉ«¬ 38 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 44.70) ‰¥â√—∫‡™◊ÈÕ®“°·º≈∑’ˇ∑â“ ‰¡àæ∫∫“¥·º≈ 25 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 29.41) ∫“¥·º≈∑’Ë»’√…– 7 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 8.24) IJM ∫√‘‡«≥∑’ˉ¥â√—∫‡™◊ÈÕ ®“°µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 æ∫ºŸâªÉ«¬¡’Õ“°“√∫“¥∑–¬—° ‡©æ“–∑’Ë (localized tetanus) 15 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 17.65) ‚¥¬∑—ÈßÀ¡¥‡ªìπ™π‘¥ cephalic Õ’° 70 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 82.35) ‡ªìπ∫“¥∑–¬—°™π‘¥‡°√Áß∑—Èßµ—« (generalized tetanus) ´÷Ëß®–¡’Õ“°“√µ—«‡°√Áß·Õàπ (opisthotonos) 70 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 82.35) °≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ„∫ÀπⓇ°√Á߇À¡◊Õπ · ¬–¬‘È¡ (risus sardonicus) 66 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 77.65) °≈◊π≈”∫“° (dysphagia) 64 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈–75.29) ·≈–Õ⓪“°‰¡à¢÷Èπ (trismus) 58 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 68.24) µ“√“ß∑’Ë 4 · ¥ß√–¬–‡«≈“∑’ˉ¥â√—∫‡™◊ÈÕ®π‡√‘Ë¡¡’Õ“°“√ √–¬–‡«≈“ («—π) < 3 «—π 3-7 «—π > 7 «—π ‰¡à∑√“∫√–¬–‡«≈“ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰¡àæ∫·º≈ µ“√“ß∑’Ë 4 √–¬–‡«≈“∑’ˉ¥â√—∫‡™◊ÈÕ®π‡√‘Ë¡¡’ Õ“°“√ incubation period πâÕ¬°«à“ 3 «—π 7 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 8.24) „π™à«ß 3-7 «—π18 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 21.18) ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– 7 18 35 25 8.24 21.18 41.18 29.41 ¡“°°«à“ 7 «—π 35 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 41.18) ·≈–‰¡à∑√“∫ ‡«≈“‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰¡àæ∫·º≈ 25 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 29.41) IJM Vol. 7 No.1 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 5 · ¥ß√–¬–‡«≈“∑’ˇ√‘Ë¡¡’Õ“°“√®π¡’Õ“°“√‡°√Áß∑—Èßµ—« √–¬–‡«≈“ («—π) ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– 1 «—π 2 «—π 3 «—π >3 48 20 13 4 56.47 23.53 15.29 4.70 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 5 √–¬–‡«≈“∑’ˇ√‘Ë¡¡’Õ“°“√ ®π¡’ Õ“°“√‡°√Áß∑—Èßµ—« (onset) ¿“¬„π 1 «—π æ∫¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ 48 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 56.47) ¿“¬„π 2 «—π 20 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 23.53) ¿“¬„π 3 «—π 13 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 15.29) ·≈– ¡“°°«à“ 3 «—π 4 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 4.70) µ“√“ß∑’Ë 6 · ¥ß‚√§ª√–®”µ—«¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ ‚√§ª√–®”µ—« ‚√§‡∫“À«“π ‚√§‰µ«“¬‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß ‚√§SLE ‰¡à¡’‚√§ª√–®”µ—«¥—ß°≈à“« ®”π«π(§π) √âÕ¬≈– 6 2 1 76 7.06 2.35 1.18 89.41 ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ(§π) √âÕ¬≈– 5 2 0 14 20 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 04-original Article 20 2/4/08, 13:16 5.88 2.35 0 16.47 ®“°µ“√“ß∑’Ë 6 ‚√§ª√–®”µ—«¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ æ∫ «à“¡’‚√§‡∫“À«“π 6 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 7.06) ·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘µ 5 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 5.88) ‚√§‰µ«“¬‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß 2 √“¬ (√âÕ¬ ≈– 2.35) ·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘µ∑—Èß 2 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 2.35) ‚√§SLE 1 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 1.18) ·≈–‰¡à‡ ’¬™’«‘µ ‰¡à æ∫‚√§ª√–®”µ—« 76 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 89.41) ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ 14 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 16.47) µ“√“ß∑’Ë 7 · ¥ß√–¬–‡«≈“∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬Õ¬Ÿà„π‚√ß欓∫“≈ √–¬–‡«≈“ («—π) < 7 «—π 7-14 15-21 22-28 29-35 36-42 43-49 50-56 57-63 64-70 > 70 «—π 5 9 4 16 18 11 4 6 5 3 4 5.89 10.59 4.71 18.82 21.18 12.94 4.71 7.06 5.89 3.53 4.71 ‡«≈“π“π∑’Ë ÿ¥¡“°°«à“ 70 «—π 4 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 4.71) ¥—ß√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥µ“√“ß∑’Ë 7 Vol. 7 No.1 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 8 √âÕ¬≈– · ¥ß¬“∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬‰¥â√—∫ ¬“∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬‰¥â√—∫ TAT (tetanus antitoxin) DZP Muscular blocking agent (atracurium, vacuronium ) Penicillin Metronidazole ®“°µ“√“ß∑’Ë 8 ºŸâªÉ«¬∑ÿ°√“¬‰¥â‡´√ÿࡵâ“π ∫“¥∑–¬—° (tetanus antitoxin, TAT) ·≈–¬“ ‰¥Õ–´‘ ·æ¡ (DZP) ‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥Õ“°“√‡°√Áß ¡’ 64 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 75.29) ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ muscular blocking agent √à«¡¥â«¬ ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– 85 85 64 100 100 75.29 72 13 84.71 15.29 ºŸâªÉ«¬ 72 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 84.71) ‰¥â√—∫¬“ªØ‘™’«π–‡ªìπ penicillin, 13 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 5.29) ‰¥â√—∫ metronidazole « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 04-original Article 21 IJM ®“°µ“√“ß∑’Ë 7 √–¬–‡«≈“∑’ºË ªŸâ «É ¬Õ¬Ÿ‚à √ß欓∫“≈ æ∫¡“°∑’ Ë ¥ÿ „π™à«ß 29-35 «—π 18 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 21.18) ™à«ß 22-28 «—π 16 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 18.82) ‚¥¬¡’™à«ß ®”π«π 2/4/08, 13:16 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 21 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 9 · ¥ß¿“«–·∑√°´âÕπ ¿“«–·∑√°´âÕπ ‰¡à¡’¿“«–·∑√°´âÕπ ªÕ¥Õ—°‡ ∫ µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ∑“߇¥‘πªí “«– ‚√§À—«„®¢“¥‡≈◊Õ¥ (HIV) ®“°µ“√“ß∑’Ë 9 Õ“°“√·∑√°´âÕπæ∫ªÕ¥Õ—°‡ ∫ 47 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 55.29) µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ ∑“߇¥‘πªí “«– 8 √“¬ ®”π«π(√âÕ¬≈–) 36 (42.35) 47 (56.29) 8 (9.41) 3 (3.53) (√âÕ¬≈– 9.41) ‚√§À—«„®¢“¥‡≈◊Õ¥ 3 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 3.53) ·≈–‰¡àæ∫¿“«–·∑√°´âÕπ 36 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 42.35) IJM Vol. 7 No.1 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 10 · ¥ßªí®®—¬∑’Ë —¡æ—π∏å°—∫°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—°‚√ß欓∫“≈Õÿ¥√∏“π’ 22 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 04-original Article 22 2/4/08, 13:16 ®“°°“√»÷°…“¬âÕπÀ≈—ß 11 ªï µ—ßÈ ·µà 1 °√°Æ“§¡ 2538 ∂÷ß 30 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π 2549 æ∫ºŸâªÉ«¬∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 85 √“¬ « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 04-original Article 23 2/4/08, 13:16 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 23 Vol. 7 No.1 ∫∑«‘®“√≥å ‡©≈’ˬ 7.73 √“¬µàÕªï ‡æ»™“¬ √âÕ¬≈– 52.90 ¡“°°«à“ ‡æ»À≠‘ß√âÕ¬≈– 47.10 ´÷Ëßµ√ß°—∫°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Law IG ·≈–§≥–3 ‡π◊ËÕß®“°ºŸâ™“¬µâÕß∑”ß“ππÕ°∫â“π ¡“°°«à“ºŸÀâ ≠‘ß ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°“√∑”π“ ∑” «π À√◊Õ ß“π °àÕ √â“ß´÷Ëß¡’‚Õ°“ —¡º— ·≈–‰¥â√—∫‡™◊ÈÕ¡“°°«à“ ºŸâÀ≠‘ß ´÷Ëß¡’°“√∑”ß“π„π∫â“π‡ªìπÀ≈—° Õ“¬ÿ‡©≈’ˬ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‡∑à“°—∫ 48.88 ªï ‚¥¬∑’Ë 78 √“¬ „π 85 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 91.76) Õ“¬ÿ¡“°°«à“ 30 ªï ´÷Ëßπà“®–Õ∏‘∫“¬‰¥â®“°∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬¡’¿Ÿ¡‘§ÿâ¡°—π≈¥≈ßµ“¡ Õ“¬ÿ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√©’¥«—§´’π°√–µÿâπ4 ´÷Ëß®“° °“√»÷°…“¢Õß Gergen PJ ·≈–§≥–5 æ∫«à“¿Ÿ¡‘§ÿâ¡°—π µàÕ‡™◊ÈÕ∫“¥∑–¬—° ®–‡√‘Ë¡≈¥≈߇¡◊ËÕÕ“¬ÿ 40 ªï „π ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ª√–™“°√®–‰¥â√∫— «—§´’π§√—ßÈ ÿ¥∑⓬‡¡◊ÕË Õ“¬ÿ 12-14 ªï ¥—ßπ—Èπ‡¡◊ËÕÕ“¬ÿÀ≈—ß 25 ªï ∂Ⓣ¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√ ©’¥«—§´’π°√–µÿâπ ¿Ÿ¡‘§ÿâ¡°—π°Áπà“®–≈¥≈߉ª‰¥â ®“° °“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’Èæ∫«à“ ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ¡“°°«à“ 50 ªï ¡’ ‚Õ°“ ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ 3.3 ‡∑à“¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿπâÕ¬°«à“ (OR=3.3, 95% CI=1.07-10.34, p=0.019) ºŸâªÉ«¬ à«π¡“° 38 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 44.70) ‰¥â√—∫ ‡™◊ÈÕ®“°·º≈´÷Ë߇°‘¥∫√‘‡«≥‡∑â“ ´÷Ëß¡—°‡°‘¥®“°«— ¥ÿ¡’§¡ ‡™àπ µ–ªŸ À√◊Õ‡»…‰¡â À√◊Õ·º≈‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß∑’ˇ∑â“ ´÷Ëßµ√ß °—∫°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Sanford JP ·≈–§≥–2 ‡π◊ËÕß®“° ‡™◊ÈÕ∫“¥∑–¬—°¡—°Õ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà„π¥‘π ∑”„À⇢ⓠŸà∫“¥·º≈ ‚¥¬ßà“¬ „π°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’Èæ∫ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇªìπ∫“¥∑–¬—° ‡©æ“–∑’Ë (localized tetanus) 15 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈–17.65) ‚¥¬‡ªìπ cephalic type ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ·≈–‰¡à¡’√“¬„¥ ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ ºŸâªÉ«¬ 70 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 82.35) ‡ªìπ generalized tetanus ·≈–¡’ºªŸâ «É ¬‡ ’¬™’«µ‘ 21 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 24.70) ´÷Ëßµ√ß°—∫°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Sun Ko ·≈–§≥–6 æ∫«à“ ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬∑’Ë ‡ ’ ¬ ™’ «‘ µ ¡— ° ®–‡ªì π generalized tetanus ‡π◊ËÕß®“°Õ“°“√√ÿπ·√ß°«à“‚¥¬‡©æ“– Õ“°“√µ—«‡°√Áß ·Õàπ (opisthotonos) ´÷Ëßæ∫∑ÿ°√“¬„π generalized tetanus IJM ®“°º≈°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåªí®®—¬∑’Ë —¡æ—π∏å°—∫Õ—µ√“ °“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—°„π‚√ß欓∫“≈ ®—ßÀ«—¥Õÿ¥√∏“π’ ¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå·∫∫µ—«·ª√‡¥’¬« (univariate analysis) ‚¥¬„™â ∂‘µ‘∑¥ Õ∫‰§ ·§«√å (χ2) æ∫«à“ ªí®®—¬∑’Ë —¡æ—π∏å°—∫Õ—µ√“°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ¢Õß ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—°Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë√–¥—∫ 0.05 ‰¥â·°à (1) °≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—° ‚¥¬ æ∫«à“ ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—°∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ¡“°°«à“ 50 ªï ¢÷Èπ‰ª¡’‚Õ°“ ‡ ’ˬß∑’Ë®–‡ ’¬™’«‘µ §‘¥‡ªìπ 3.3 ‡∑à“ ¢ÕߺŸâ ªÉ « ¬‚√§∫“¥∑–¬— ° ∑’Ë ¡’ Õ “¬ÿ µË” °«à “ À√◊ Õ ‡∑à “ °— ∫ 50 ªï (OR=3.3, 95%CI=1.07-10.34, p=0.019) (2) √–¬–‡«≈“∑’ˉ¥â√—∫‡™◊ÈÕ®π‡√‘Ë¡¡’Õ“°“√¢Õß ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—° ‚¥¬æ∫«à“ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—° ∑’Ë¡’√–¬–‡«≈“∑’ˉ¥â√—∫‡™◊ÈÕ®π‡√‘Ë¡¡’Õ“°“√µË”°«à“ À√◊Õ ‡∑à“°—∫ 7 «—π ¡’‚Õ°“ ‡ ’ˬß∑’Ë®–‡ ’¬™’«‘µ§‘¥‡ªìπ 14.2 ‡∑à“¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—° ∑’Ë¡’√–¬–‡«≈“‰¥â√—∫‡™◊ÈÕ ®π‡√‘Ë ¡ ¡’ Õ “°“√¡“°°«à “ 7 «— π (OR=14.2, 95% CI= 3.30-69.41, p=0.001) (3) °“√¡’‚√§ª√–®”µ—«¢ÕߺŸªâ «É ¬‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—° ‚¥¬æ∫«à“ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—° ∑’Ë¡’‚√§ª√–®”µ—«¡’ ‚Õ°“ ‡ ’ˬß∑’Ë®–‡ ’¬™’«‘µ§‘¥‡ªìπ14.2 ‡∑à“¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ ‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—° ∑’ˉ¡à¡’‚√§ª√–®”µ—« (OR=14.2, 95% CI=2.29-147.54, p<0.001) (4) °“√¡’ Õ “°“√·∑√°´â Õ π¢ÕߺŸâ ªÉ « ¬‚√§ ∫“¥∑–¬—° ‚¥¬æ∫«à“ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—° ∑’Ë¡’Õ“°“√ µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ∑“߇¥‘πªí “«– ¡’‚Õ°“ ‡ ’ˬß∑’Ë®–‡ ’¬™’«‘µ §‘¥‡ªìπ 11.4 ‡∑à“¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—°∑’ˉ¡à¡’ Õ“°“√µ‘ ¥ ‡™◊È Õ ∑“߇¥‘ π ªí “«– (OR=11.4, 95% CI=1.76-121.54, p=0.001) Vol. 7 No.1 IJM Õ—µ√“°“√µ“¬¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬„π°“√»÷°…“π’È ‡∑à“°—∫ √âÕ¬≈– 24.70 ´÷Ëßµ√ß°—∫°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Sanford JP ·≈–§≥–2 ®–æ∫Õ—µ√“°“√µ“¬√–À«à“ß √âÕ¬≈– 20-50 ·≈–„π °“√»÷°…“π’È Õ—µ√“°“√µ“¬ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫√–¬–‡«≈“∑’ˉ¥â √—∫‡™◊ÈÕ®π‡√‘Ë¡¡’Õ“°“√ (incubation period) ·≈–√–¬– ‡«≈“∑’ˇ√‘Ë¡¡’Õ“°“√®π¡’Õ“°“√‡°√Áß∑—Èßµ—« ´÷Ëß®–æ∫«à“ ¬‘Ëß¡’√–¬– —ÈπÕ“°“√®–√ÿπ·√ß ·≈–欓°√≥å‚√§®– ‡≈«≈߇™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π ®“°°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’Èæ∫«à“ ºŸâªÉ«¬ incubation period πâÕ¬°«à“À√◊Õ‡∑à“°—∫ 7 «—π ¡’ ‚Õ°“ ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ 14.2 ‡∑à“ ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ incubation period ¡“°°«à“ 7 «—π (OR=14.2, 95% CI=3.30-69.41, p=0.001) ºŸâªÉ«¬ 6 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 7.06) ‡ªìπ‚√§‡∫“À«“π ·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘µ 5 √“¬ ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§‰µ«“¬‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß 2 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 2.35) ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ∑—Èß 2 √“¬ ´÷Ëß∑ÿ°√“¬„π°“√ »÷ ° …“§√—È ß π’È ∑’Ë ‡ ’ ¬ ™’ «‘ µ ªÉ « ¬‡ªì π ™π‘ ¥ generalized tetanus §≈⓬°—∫°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Panning CA ·≈– §≥–7 ∑’Ëæ∫«à“ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§‡∫“À«“π ‚√§‰µ«“¬ ¡—°®– ‡ªìπ∫“¥∑–¬—°∑’Ë√ÿπ·√ß ·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘µ Ÿß ‡π◊ËÕß®“° ¿Ÿ ¡‘ §ÿâ ¡ °— π µà Õ ‚√§µË” °«à “ §πª°µ‘ ·≈–‡¡◊Ë Õ ¡’ · º≈ ‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß ¡—°À“¬™â“ ∑”„Àâ¡’‚Õ°“ √—∫‡™◊ÈÕ¡“°°«à“ª°µ‘ πÕ°®“°π’ȺŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇ ’¬™’«‘µ¡—°‡ªìπºŸâªÉ«¬ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ ´÷Ëß¡’ √“¬ß“π«à“¿Ÿ¡§‘ ¡ÿâ °—π∑’≈Ë ¥≈ß®π‡À≈◊ÕπâÕ¬°«à“ √âÕ¬≈– 502 ¢Õß√–¥—∫∑’ªË ÕÑ ß°—π‚√§‰¥â„π§πÕ“¬ÿ 60 - 69 ªï ·≈– ‡À≈◊ÕπâÕ¬°«à“ √âÕ¬≈– 30 „πºŸâªÉ«¬Õ“¬ÿ¡“°°«à“ 70 ªï ¥—ßπ—πÈ °“√©’¥«—§´’π„πºŸ â ߟ Õ“¬ÿ8 ·≈– ºŸªâ «É ¬‚√§‡√◊ÕÈ √—ß ‡™àπ ‡∫“À«“𠉵«“¬ Õ“®™à«¬≈¥Õ—µ√“°“√‡°‘¥‚√§ À√◊Õ≈¥§«“¡√ÿπ·√ߢÕß‚√§‰¥â ®“°°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“ ºŸªâ «É ¬∑’¡Ë ‚’ √§ª√–®”µ—«¡’‚Õ°“ ‡ ’¬™’«µ‘ 14.2 ‡∑à“ ¢Õß ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¡à¡’‚√§ª√–®”µ—« (OR=14.2, 95%CI=2.29147.54, p=0.001) „π°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’Èæ∫«à“¡“°°«à“ √âÕ¬≈– 80 ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬„™â‡«≈“√—°…“µ—«„π‚√ß欓∫“≈¡“°°«à“ 3 —ª¥“Àå ·≈–¡“°°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 80 ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‰¥â°≈—∫ ∫â“π¿“¬„π‡«≈“ 50 «—π ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‚√§∑’Ëæ∫«à“„™â‡«≈“ „π°“√√—°…“µ—«§àÕπ¢â“ßπ“π ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬∑ÿ ° √“¬„π°“√»÷ ° …“§√—È ß π’È ‰ ¥â √— ∫ ‡´√ÿà ¡ µâ“π∫“¥∑–¬—° (TAT) ‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥ “√æ‘…„π√à“ß°“¬ ·µà ®–¬— ß ‰¡à „ Àâ «— § ´’ π ∫“¥∑–¬— ° (TT) ‡æ√“–«— § ´’ π ∫“¥∑–¬— ° ‰¡à ¡’ à « π™à « ¬≈¥Õ“°“√ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬„π√–¬–π’È ‡π◊ËÕß®“°√à“ß°“¬µâÕß„™â‡«≈“„π°“√ √â“ß¿Ÿ¡‘§ÿâ¡°—π ·µà®“°°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Sanford JP ·≈–§≥–2 æ∫«à“ °“√„Àâ¿Ÿ¡‘§ÿâ¡°—πµàÕ‡™◊ÈÕ∫“¥∑–¬—° (tetanus immunoglobulin) πà“®–™à«¬≈¥ª√‘¡“≥ “√æ‘…‰¥â¥’¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ ´÷Ë߉¡à‰¥â„Àâ„π°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È „π°“√»÷°…“π’ȺŸâªÉ«¬∑ÿ°√“¬‰¥â√—∫¬“ ‰¥Õ–´’ ·æ¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥Õ“°“√‡°√ÁߢÕß°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ ¢π“¥¢Õ߬“ ∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ §◊Õ 10-30 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡ ∑ÿ° 1 ∂÷ß 8 ™—Ë«‚¡ß À“°„Àâ¡“°°«à“ 402 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡µàÕ™—Ë«‚¡ß Õ“®¡’º≈‡ ’¬ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¿“«–‡≈◊Õ¥‡ªìπ°√¥·≈¥µ‘°‰¥â ºŸâªÉ«¬ 64 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 75.29) ‰¥â√—∫ muscular blocking agent ·≈–¡’ 21 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 24.70) ∑’ˇ ’¬™’«‘µ‡π◊ËÕß®“° ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫¬“¥—ß°≈à“«¡—°¡’Õ“°“√√ÿπ·√ß §≈⓬°—∫ °“√»÷°…“¢Õß Sanford JP2 ·≈–§≥– ºŸâªÉ«¬ à«π¡“° 72 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 84.71) ‰¥â√—∫ ¬“ªØ‘™«’ π– ‡ªìπ penicillin ·≈– 13 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 15.29) ‰¥â√—∫¬“ metronidazole ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¬“ penicillin ‡ªì𠬓ªØ‘™«’ π–∑’„Ë ™â°π— ∑—«Ë ‰ª„π°“√√—°…“ ‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—° à « 𬓠metronidazole 1 ¡— ° „Àâ „ π√“¬∑’Ë · æâ ¬ “ penicillin „π°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È æ∫«à“ ªÕ¥Õ—°‡ ∫ ‡ªìπ ¿“«–·∑√°´âÕπ∑’æË ∫¡“°∑’ Ë ¥ÿ 47 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 55.29) ´÷Ëß¡—°‡°‘¥®“°°“√ ”≈—° ·≈–µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ„π‚√ß欓∫“≈ ‚¥¬∑ÿ°√“¬‡ªìπ generalized tetanus ¥—ßπ—Èπ „π√“¬∑’Ë ‡ªìπ generalized tetanus ∑ÿ°√“¬§«√‰¥â√—∫°“√¥Ÿ·≈ „π ICU ∑”°“√‡®“–§Õ (tracheostomy)1,10 ‚¥¬‡√Á« ‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥Õ“°“√ ”≈—°πÈ”≈“¬ (secretion) ·≈–‰¥â√—∫¬“ §≈“¬°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ ¬“ªØ‘™’«π–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ 24 « “ √ “ √ Õ 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The role of intensive care in the management of tetanus. J Med Assoc Thai 1986;69:163-5. æ√√≥∑‘æ¬å ©“¬“°ÿ≈ ·≈–§≥– ¡“§¡‚√§µ‘¥ ‡™◊ÈÕ·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬. µ”√“‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ. 2548; 1428. Bleck TP. Tetanus : pathophysiology, management and prophylaxis. Disease-A-Month 1991;37:551-60. IJM °“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§πà“®–‡ªìπ«‘∏∑’ ’Ë ”§—≠∑’ Ë ¥ÿ ·≈– ‘È π ‡ª≈◊ Õ ß§à “ „™â ®à “ ¬πâ Õ ¬ ”À√— ∫ ‚√§∫“¥∑–¬— ° ªí®®ÿ∫—π‚ª√·°√¡°“√©’¥«—§´’π„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬µ“¡ ·ºπ°“√ √â“߇ √‘¡§ÿ¡â °—π‚√§¢Õß°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ®–„Àâ„π‡¥Á°∑ÿ°§π®πÕ“¬ÿ 1211 ·µà®–‰¡à¡°’ “√°√–µÿπâ „π∑ÿ° 10 ªïµàÕ¡“ ¬°‡«âπ„π√“¬∑’Ë¡’∫“¥·º≈ ®–‰¥â ©’¥°√–µÿâπÕ’° 1 §√—Èß ·µà°“√ √â“ß¿Ÿ¡‘§ÿâ¡°—π®–µâÕß„™â ‡«≈“ „π¢≥–∑’√Ë –¬–øí°µ—«¢Õß‚√§Õ“®„™â‡«≈“πâÕ¬°«à“ ¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷ßπà“®–¡’°“√∑∫∑«π„Àâ©’¥«—§´’π°√–µÿâπ∑ÿ° 10 ªï9 ‡æ√“–«—§´’π¡’√“§“∂Ÿ° (ª√–¡“≥ 16 ∫“∑ µàÕ 1 dose) ·≈–«—§´’π‰¡à¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ8,12 √–∫∫ ª√– “∑·¡â®–©’¥°√–µÿâπ´È”À≈“¬§√—Èß À√◊ÕÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ „πª√–™“°√°≈ÿࡇ ’Ë¬ß ‡™àπ ‡°…µ√°√ §πß“π°≈ÿà¡ °àÕ √â“ß ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ ºŸâ¡’‚√§ª√–®”µ—« ‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥Õ—µ√“°“√ ‡°‘¥‚√§ ·≈–≈¥§«“¡ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬∑“߇»√…∞°‘® ‡π◊ËÕß®“° ºŸâªÉ«¬ generalized tetanus ∑ÿ°√“¬µâÕß„À⇧√◊ËÕߙ૬ À“¬„® ·≈–¡“°°«à“ √âÕ¬≈– 80 ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬πÕπ„π ‚√ß欓∫“≈¡“°°«à“ 3 —ª¥“Àå Original Article Stroke in the Young in Udonthani Hospital πæ.∏‘µ‘ Õ÷ÈßÕ“√’ “¢“«‘™“ª√– “∑«‘∑¬“ °≈ÿà¡ß“πÕ“¬ÿ√°√√¡ ‚√ß欓∫“≈Õÿ¥√∏“π’ ∫∑§—¥¬àÕ IJM Vol. 7 No.1 «—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å ‡æ◊ÕË °“√»÷°…“°≈ÿ¡à ª√–™“°√‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß„πºŸªâ «É ¬Õ“¬ÿπÕâ ¬ “‡Àµÿ¢Õß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß Õ“¬ÿ ‡æ» ™π‘ ¥ ·≈–µ”·Àπà ß ¢Õß‚√§ À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß ·≈– “‡ÀµÿÕµ— √“°“√‡ ’¬™’«µ‘ ‡ªì𠇫≈“ 4 ªï ¢Õß‚√ß欓∫“≈Õÿ¥√∏“π’ √Ÿª·∫∫°“√»÷°…“ : °“√»÷°…“·∫∫‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ¬âÕπÀ≈—ß «‘∏’°“√ : ‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡«™√–‡∫’¬πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â √— ∫ °“√«‘ π‘ ® ©— ¬ ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊ Õ ¥ ¡Õß„πºŸâ ªÉ « ¬ Õ“¬ÿπÕâ ¬¢Õß‚√ß欓∫“≈Õÿ¥√∏“π’ µ—ßÈ ·µà 1 ¡°√“§¡ 2547 › 31 ∏—𫓧¡ 2550 ®”π«π 312 √“¬ º≈°“√»÷°…“ : ºŸªâ «É ¬‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß „πºŸâªÉ«¬Õ“¬ÿπâÕ¬ ‡ªìπ‡æ»™“¬ 174 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 55.77) ‚¥¬·¬°‡ªìπºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫ 108 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 34.62) ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß·µ° 30 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 9.62) ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬‡æ»™“¬¡’ Õ— µ √“°“√ªÉ « ¬¡“°°«à “ ‡æ»À≠‘ß 1.20 ‡∑à“ ·≈–æ∫‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß µ’∫¡“°°«à“‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß·µ° 1.92 ‡∑à“ ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß„πºŸâªÉ«¬Õ“¬ÿπâÕ¬ ‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ ”§—≠∑’Ë°àÕ„À⇰‘¥§«“¡æ‘°“√À√◊Õ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬Õ¬à“ß ¡“°∑“߇»√…∞°‘®∑—ÈߢÕßµπ‡Õß ·≈– à«π√«¡´÷Ëß®“° µ”·ÀπàߢÕß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫∑’æË ∫ middle cerebral artery ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‡æ»™“¬ √âÕ¬≈– 32.31 ‡æ»À≠‘ß √âÕ¬≈– 34.26 µ”·ÀπàߢÕ߇≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ°„π ¡Õßæ∫∑’Ë basal ganglia ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‡æ»™“¬ √âÕ¬≈– 36.36 ‡æ»À≠‘ß √âÕ¬≈– 26.67 “‡Àµÿ ¢Õß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õßµ’∫∑’æË ∫¡“°∑’ Ë ¥ÿ §◊Õ atrial fibrillation (AF) ‡æ»™“¬ √âÕ¬≈– 41.54 ‡æ»À≠‘ß √âÕ¬≈– 38.89 Õ—π¥—∫ Õß §◊Õ mitral stenosis ‡æ»™“¬ √âÕ¬≈– 32.31 ‡æ»À≠‘ß √âÕ¬≈– 29.63 “‡Àµÿ¢Õß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õß·µ° ∑’Ëæ∫¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ ‰¡à∑√“∫ “‡Àµÿ ‡æ»™“¬ √âÕ¬≈– 29.55 ‡æ»À≠‘ß √âÕ¬≈– 43.33 √Õß≈ß¡“ §◊Õ ¿“«–§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß ‡æ»™“¬ √âÕ¬≈– 25.00 ‡æ»À≠‘ß √âÕ¬≈– 20.00 “‡Àµÿ°“√µ“¬∑—Èß„π°≈ÿà¡ ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊ Õ ¥ ¡Õßµ’ ∫ ·≈–‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊ Õ ¥ ¡Õß·µ° æ∫¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ brain herniation √âÕ¬≈– 52.50 √ÿª : ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß„πºŸâªÉ«¬Õ“¬ÿπâÕ¬ à«π„À≠à‡ªìπ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õßµ’∫®“° AF √âÕ¬≈– 40.34 ´÷Ëß “¡“√∂ªÑÕß°—π°“√‡°‘¥‚√§ ¥—ß°≈à“«‰¥â °“√»÷°…“∑’˺à“π¡“æ∫«à“ “‡Àµÿ¢Õß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß„πºŸâªÉ«¬Õ“¬ÿπâÕ¬ ¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—∫‚√§À≈Õ¥ ‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß„πºŸâªÉ«¬ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ1 ´÷Ëß¡—°®–‡°‘¥®“°‚√§ 26 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 04-original Article(2) 26 2/4/08, 13:17 À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¢Áßµ—«®“°‚√§ª√–®”µ—« ‡™àπ ‚√§‡∫“À«“π ‚√§§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë ·≈–¿“«–‰¢¡—π„π ‡≈◊Õ¥ Ÿß‡ªìπ à«π„À≠à à«π‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß„π ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬Õ“¬ÿ πâ Õ ¬¡— ° ®–‡°‘ ¥ ®“°¿“«–≈‘Ë ¡ ‡≈◊ Õ ¥Õÿ ¥ µ— π À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õß ‚√§ SLE ¿“«–°“√·¢Áßµ—«¢Õß ‡≈◊Õ¥º‘¥ª°µ‘2,3 À√◊Õ‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ ∑“ß√–∫∫ª√– “∑ ´÷ßË ¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π®“°‡™◊ÈÕ™“µ‘ ¿Ÿ¡‘≈”‡π“4 µ≈Õ¥®π «‘∂’™’«‘µª√–®”«—π „π°“√»÷°…“π’È®÷߉¥â»÷°…“∂÷ßªí®®—¬ ∑’¡Ë ’ «à π‡°’¬Ë «¢âÕß µ≈Õ¥®πÕ“¬ÿ ‡æ» ™π‘¥·≈–µ”·Àπàß ¢Õß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß “‡Àµÿ¢Õß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß ·≈– “‡ÀµÿÕµ— √“°“√‡ ’¬™’«µ‘ ‚¥¬‡°Á∫®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ „π‚√ß欓∫“≈Õÿ¥√∏“𒇪ìπ√–¬–‡«≈“ 4 ªï √–À«à“ß «—π∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ æ.». 2547 ®π∂÷ß 31 ∏—𫓧¡ æ.». 2550 «‘∏’°“√»÷°…“ ®“°°“√∑∫∑«π‡«™√–‡∫’ ¬ π„π™à « ß 4 ªï (2547 › 2550) ¡’ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√«‘π‘®©—¬«à“‡ªìπ‚√§ À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 3,078 √“¬ ¡’ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ «‘ π‘ ® ©— ¬ «à “ ‡ªì π ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊ Õ ¥ ¡Õß„πºŸâ ªÉ « ¬Õ“¬ÿ πâÕ¬°«à“ 45 ªï 312 √“¬ ‡æ»™“¬ 174 √“¬ ‚¥¬ ·¬°‡ªìπ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫ 130 √“¬ ‚√§ À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß·µ° 44 √“¬ ‡æ»À≠‘ß 138 √“¬ ‚¥¬·¬°‡ªìπ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫ 108 √“¬ ‚√§ À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß·µ° 30 √“¬ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1) « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 04-original Article(2) 27 2/4/08, 13:17 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 27 Vol. 7 No.1 º≈°“√»÷°…“ IJM ºŸâ«‘®—¬‰¥â∑”°“√»÷°…“¬âÕπÀ≈—ߺŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ °“√«‘ π‘ ® ©— ¬ «à“‡ªì π‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ ¥ ¡Õß∑’ˉ¥â √—∫µ—« ‡¢â“√—∫°“√√—°…“„π‚√ß欓∫“≈Õÿ¥√∏“π’ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‚√ß æ¬“∫“≈»Ÿπ¬å¢π“¥ 800 ‡µ’¬ß ‚¥¬ºŸâªÉ«¬∑ÿ°§πµâÕß ‰¥â √— ∫ °“√‡ÕÁ ° ´‡√¬å § Õ¡æ‘ « ‡µÕ√å ¡Õß exclusion criteria ‡¡◊ËÕºŸâªÉ«¬‰¥â√—∫°“√«‘π‘®©—¬«à“‡ªìπ transient ischemic attacks (TIA), Õ“¬ÿπâÕ¬°«à“ 15 ªï À√◊Õ Õ“¬ÿ¡“°°«à“ 45 ªï inclusion criteria „π°“√«‘π‘®©—¬ ¢Õß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õ߉¥âÕ“»—¬µ“¡ World Health Organization5 (WHO) criteria ¥—ßπ’È ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õߧ◊Õ ‚√§∑’Ë¡’Õ“°“√º‘¥ ª°µ‘¢Õß√–∫∫ª√– “∑∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ∑—π∑’∑—π„¥ ·≈–¡’ Õ“°“√Õ¬Ÿàπ“π¡“°°«à“ 24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ‚¥¬¡’ “‡Àµÿ¡“®“° §«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘¢ÕßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ (vascular in origin) ‚¥¬ ∑”„À⇰‘¥À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥·µ°À√◊Õµ—π ‰¡à√«¡∂÷ßÀ≈Õ¥ ‡≈◊Õ¥µ’∫·µ°µ—π ®“° “‡Àµÿ°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ À√◊Õ ‡π◊ÈÕßÕ° Cerebral emboli À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫®“°≈‘Ë¡ ‡≈◊Õ¥∑’ËÀ≈ÿ¥¡“®“°∑’ËÕ◊Ëπ Cerebral thrombosis À≈Õ¥‡≈◊ Õ ¥ ¡Õß µ’∫µ—π‡Õß Cerebral hemorrhage °“√¡’‡≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ°„π ‡π◊ÈÕ ¡Õß ´÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°°“√·µ°¢ÕßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß ¡’°“√‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈µ—ßÈ ·µà 1 ¡°√“§¡ æ.». 2547 ®π∂÷ß 31 ∏—𫓧¡ æ.». 2550 ºŸâªÉ«¬∑ÿ°§π µâÕß°“√‰¥â√∫— °“√µ√«®∑“ßÀâÕߪؑ∫µ— °‘ “√∑—«Ë ‰ª ‰¥â·°à complete blood count, blood urea nitrogen / creatinine, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, liver function test, CT scan brain ·≈– chest x-ray „π ºŸâªÉ«¬∫“ß√“¬ ‰¥â√—∫°“√µ√«®‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡µ“¡¢âÕ«‘π‘®©—¬ µ“¡º≈°“√µ√«®√à“ß°“¬ ·≈– ™π‘¥¢Õß‚√§ À≈Õ¥ ‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß ‡™àπ MRI brain, coagulogram, vasculitis profile, proteins C&S, antiprothrombin III, antiphospholipid antibody, anti HIV antibody, VDRL, transthoracic 2D echocardiogram, lumbar puncture with CSF analysis ·≈– MRA brain √Ÿª∑’Ë 1 · ¥ß®”π«πºŸâªÉ«¬·¬°µ“¡‡æ»„π·µà≈–™π‘¥¢Õß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 · ¥ß§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß°—∫Õ“¬ÿ ·≈–‡æ» IJM Vol. 7 No.1 ‡æ»™“¬ Õ“¬ÿ ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ „π ¡Õßµ’∫ ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– (√“¬) ‡æ»À≠‘ß ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ „π ¡Õß·µ° „π ¡Õßµ’∫ ®”π«π ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– √âÕ¬≈– (√“¬) (√“¬) ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ „π ¡Õß·µ° ®”π«π ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– (√“¬) (√“¬) √âÕ¬≈– 15-19 9 6.92 3 6.82 8 7.40 1 3.33 21 6.73 20-24 25-29 14 17 10.77 13.08 4 3 9.09 6.82 11 17 10.19 15.74 3 4 10.00 13.33 32 41 10.26 13.14 30-34 17 13.08 5 11.36 18 16.67 4 13.33 44 14.10 35-39 40-45 28 45 21.53 34.62 13 16 29.55 36.36 22 32 20.37 29.63 7 11 23.33 36.67 70 104 22.43 33.33 √«¡ 130 100 44 100 108 100 30 100 312 100 28 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 04-original Article(2) 28 2/4/08, 13:17 ®“°µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 æ∫«à“ ‡æ»™“¬¡’Õ—µ√“°“√ªÉ«¬ ¡“°°«à“‡æ»À≠‘ß 1.20 ‡∑à“ æ∫‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß µ’∫¡“°°«à“ ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß·µ° 1.92 ‡∑à“ ·≈– §«“¡‡ ’ˬߵàÕ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß®–‡æ‘Ë¡‰ªµ“¡°≈ÿà¡ Õ“¬ÿ∑’Ë¡“°¢÷È𠵓√“ß∑’Ë 2 · ¥ßµ”·ÀπàߢÕß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫ ·¬°µ“¡‡æ» µ”·Àπàß Anterior cerebral artery Middle cerebral artery Posterior cerebral artery Vertebral-basilar artery Multiple vessels Lacunar infarction Venous sinus thrombosis Unknown √«¡ ™“¬ ®”π«π 4 42 10 6 28 19 3 18 130 √âÕ¬≈– 3.08 32.31 7.69 4.62 21.54 14.62 2.31 13.85 100 ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– 7 2.94 79 33.19 15 6.30 11 4.62 47 19.75 32 13.45 16 6.72 31 13.03 238 100 34.26 µ“¡¥â«¬ multiple vessels ‡æ»™“¬√âÕ¬≈– 21.54 ‡æ»À≠‘ß√âÕ¬≈– 17.60 ·≈– lacunar infarction ‡æ» ™“¬√âÕ¬≈– 14.62 ‡æ»À≠‘ß√âÕ¬≈– 12.04 Vol. 7 No.1 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 · ¥ßµ”·ÀπàߢÕ߇≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ°„π ¡Õß ¢Õß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß·µ° ·¬°µ“¡‡æ» µ”·Àπàß ™“¬ ®”π«π 16 6 2 4 4 3 2 7 44 Basal ganglia Lobar Thalamus Brain stem Cerebellar Subarachnoid Intraventricular Multiple sites √«¡ √âÕ¬≈– 36.36 13.64 4.55 9.09 9.09 6.82 4.55 15.91 100 À≠‘ß ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– 8 26.67 4 13.33 1 3.33 4 13.33 2 6.67 3 10.00 2 6.67 6 20.00 30 100 ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– 24 32.43 10 13.51 3 4.05 8 10.81 6 8.11 6 8.11 4 5.41 13 17.57 74 100 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 04-original Article(2) 29 2/4/08, 13:17 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 IJM ®“°µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 µ”·ÀπàߢÕß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫æ∫∑’Ë middle cerebral artery æ∫¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ∑—Èß 2 °≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ ‡æ»™“¬√âÕ¬≈– 32.31 ‡æ»À≠‘ß√âÕ¬≈– À≠‘ß ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– 3 2.78 37 34.26 5 4.63 5 4.63 19 17.60 13 12.04 13 12.04 13 12.04 108 100 29 µ”·Àπà ß ¢Õ߇≈◊ Õ ¥ÕÕ°„π ¡Õß„π‡æ»™“¬ æ∫∑’Ë basal ganglia ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥√âÕ¬≈– 36.36 µ“¡¥â«¬ multiple sites √âÕ¬≈– 15.91 ·≈– lobar hemorrhage √âÕ¬≈– 13.64 „π‡æ»À≠‘ß æ∫‡≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ°„π ¡Õß∑’Ë basal ganglia ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ √âÕ¬≈– 26.67 µ“¡¥â«¬ multiple sites √âÕ¬≈– 20.00 ·≈– lobar hemorrhage √âÕ¬≈– 13.33 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 4 · ¥ß “‡Àµÿ¢Õß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫ ·¬°µ“¡‡æ» IJM Vol. 7 No.1 “‡Àµÿ Emboli 1. AF (atrial fibrillation) 2. VHD MS (mitral stenosis) Prosthetic mitral value IE 3. Acute MI 4. Thyrotoxicosis Atherosclerosis 1. HT 2. DM 3. Hyperlipidemia 4. Smoking Miscellaneous CNT (SLE œ≈œ) Pills Pregnancy HIV - associated Unknown √«¡ ™“¬ À≠‘ß ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– 54 41.54 42 38.89 96 40.34 42 7 3 2 1 32.31 5.39 2.31 1.54 0.77 32 4 4 3 29.63 3.70 3.70 2.78 74 11 7 2 4 31.09 4.62 2.94 0.84 1.68 14 18 11 7 10.77 13.85 8.46 5.39 11 12 8 4 10.19 11.11 7.41 3.70 25 30 19 11 10.50 12.61 7.98 4.62 4 5 23 130 3.08 3.85 17.69 13 10 3 3 18 108 12.04 9.26 2.78 2.78 16.67 17 10 3 8 41 238 7.14 4.20 1.26 3.36 17.23 À¡“¬‡Àµÿ ºŸâªÉ«¬∫“ߧπÕ“®¡’ “‡Àµÿ¢Õß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫À≈“¬™π‘¥ 30 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 04-original Article(2) 30 ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– 2/4/08, 13:17 “‡Àµÿ¢Õß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õßµ’∫ Õ—π¥—∫ ·√°§◊Õ AF ‡æ»™“¬√âÕ¬≈– 41.54 ‡æ»À≠‘ß√âÕ¬≈– 38.89 Õ—π¥—∫√Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ MS ‡æ»™“¬√âÕ¬≈– 32.31 ‡æ»À≠‘ß√âÕ¬≈– 29.63 Õ—π¥—∫ “¡§◊Õ ‰¡à∑√“∫ “‡Àµÿ ‡æ»™“¬√âÕ¬≈– 17.69 ‡æ»À≠‘ß√âÕ¬≈– 16.67 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 5 · ¥ß “‡Àµÿ¢Õß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õß·µ° ·¬°µ“¡‡æ» “‡Àµÿ ™“¬ ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– 11 25.00 6 13.64 3 6.82 3 6.82 5 11.36 13 29.55 5 11.36 §«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß ¥◊¡Ë ÿ√“ Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë Aneurysm AVM Unknown Bleeding tendency ‡™àπ coagulation defect, DHF, thrombocytopenia À¡“¬‡Àµÿ À≠‘ß ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– 6 20.00 2 6.67 1 3.33 2 6.67 3 10.00 13 43.33 3 10.00 √«¡ ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– 17 22.97 8 10.81 4 5.41 5 6.76 8 10.81 26 35.14 8 10.81 ºŸâªÉ«¬∫“ߧπÕ“®¡’ “‡Àµÿ¢Õß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õß·µ°À≈“¬™π‘¥ Õ—π¥—∫ “¡„π‡æ»™“¬§◊Õ °“√¥◊¡Ë ÿ√“√âÕ¬≈– 13.64 „π ‡æ»À≠‘ß AVM ·≈– bleeding tendency ‡∑à“°—π √âÕ¬≈– 10 Vol. 7 No.1 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 6 · ¥ß “‡Àµÿ°“√µ“¬ ·¬°µ“¡‡æ» “‡Àµÿ°“√µ“¬ ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫ ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß·µ° ∑—ßÈ À¡¥ ™“¬ À≠‘ß ™“¬ À≠‘ß ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– Brain herniation ªÕ¥∫«¡/Õ—°‡ ∫ °“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ ∑“߇¥‘πªí “«– ·º≈°¥∑—∫ ¿“«–À—«„®≈⡇À≈« √«¡ 5 1 1 62.50 12.50 12.50 4 2 50.00 25.00 6 5 1 46.15 38.46 7.69 6 3 1 54.54 27.27 9.09 21 11 3 52.50 27.50 7.50 1 1 8 12.50 12.50 100 1 8 12.50 100 1 13 7.69 100 1 11 9.09 100 3 2 40 7.50 5.00 100 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 04-original Article(2) 31 IJM “‡Àµÿ¢Õß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õß·µ°∑’Ëæ∫ ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ ‰¡à∑√“∫ “‡Àµÿ ‡æ»™“¬√âÕ¬≈– 29.55 ‡æ»À≠‘ß√âÕ¬≈– 43.33 √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ ¿“«–§«“¡¥—π ‚≈À‘µ Ÿß ‡æ»™“¬√âÕ¬≈– 25 ‡æ»À≠‘ß√âÕ¬≈– 20 2/4/08, 13:17 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 31 Õ—µ√“°“√µ“¬„π°≈ÿà¡‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫ Õ—π¥—∫·√°§◊Õ brain herniation „π‡æ»™“¬ 5 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 62.50) „π‡æ»À≠‘ß 4 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 50) Õ—π¥—∫ √Õß≈ß¡“„π‡æ»™“¬§◊Õ °“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ ªÕ¥∫«¡/ªÕ¥ Õ—°‡ ∫ ·º≈°¥∑—∫ ·≈–¿“«–À—«„®≈⡇À≈« ‡∑à“°—π §◊Õ 1 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 12.50) „π‡æ»À≠‘ß Õ—π¥—∫ Õߧ◊Õ ¿“«–°“√µ‘ ¥ ‡™◊È Õ ªÕ¥∫«¡/ªÕ¥Õ— ° ‡ ∫ 2 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 25) Õ—π¥—∫ “¡ §◊Õ °“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ∑“߇¥‘π ªí “«– ·º≈°¥∑—∫ ·≈–¿“«–À—«„®≈⡇À≈« ‡∑à“°—π §◊Õ 1 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 12.50) Õ—µ√“°“√µ“¬„π°≈ÿ¡à ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß·µ° Õ—π¥—∫·√°§◊Õ brain herniation „π‡æ»™“¬ 6 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 46.15) ‡æ»À≠‘ß 6 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 54.54) Õ—π¥—∫ Õß„π‡æ»™“¬ §◊Õ °“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ ªÕ¥∫«¡/ªÕ¥ Õ—°‡ ∫ 5 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 38.46) Õ—π¥—∫ “¡„π‡æ»™“¬ §◊Õ °“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ∑“߇¥‘πªí “«– ·º≈°¥∑—∫ ‡∑à“°—π 1 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 7.69) Õ—π¥—∫ Õß „π‡æ»À≠‘ß §◊Õ °“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ ªÕ¥∫«¡/ªÕ¥Õ—°‡ ∫ 3 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 27.27) Õ—π¥—∫ “¡ §◊Õ °“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ∑“߇¥‘πªí “«– ·≈–·º≈ °¥∑—∫ ‡∑à“°—π 1 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 9.09) µ“√“ß∑’Ë 7 · ¥ßªí®®—¬∑’Ë —¡æ—π∏å°—∫Õ—µ√“°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß„π‚√ß欓∫“≈Õÿ¥√∏“π’ Õ—µ√“ °“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ (√âÕ¬≈–) OR (95%CI) IJM Vol. 7 No.1 ªí®®—¬ 32 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 04-original Article(2) 32 2/4/08, 13:17 χ2 P-value ªí®®—¬ Õ—µ√“ °“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ (√âÕ¬≈–) OR (95%CI) χ2 P-value IJM Vol. 7 No.1 * ‰¡à¡’®”π«πºŸâ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 04-original Article(2) 33 2/4/08, 13:17 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 33 Vol. 7 No.1 IJM ®“°º≈°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåªí®®—¬∑’Ë —¡æ—π∏å°—∫Õ—µ√“ °“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß„πºŸâªÉ«¬ Õ“¬ÿπâÕ¬¢Õß‚√ß欓∫“≈®—ßÀ«—¥Õÿ¥√∏“π’ ¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√ «‘‡§√“–Àå·∫∫µ—«·ª√‡¥’¬« (univarate analysis) ‚¥¬ „™â ∂‘ µ‘ ∑ ¥ Õ∫‰§ ·§«√å ( χ2) æ∫«à “ ªí ® ®— ¬ ∑’Ë — ¡ æ— π ∏å °— ∫ Õ— µ √“°“√‡ ’ ¬ ™’ «‘ µ ¢ÕߺŸâ ªÉ « ¬‚√§À≈Õ¥ ‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß„πºŸâªÉ«¬Õ“¬ÿπâÕ¬Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ ∑’Ë√–¥—∫ 0.05 ‰¥â·°à (1) ‡æ»¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‚¥¬æ∫«à“ ºŸâªÉ«¬‡æ»À≠‘ß ¡’‚Õ°“ ‡ ’ˬß∑’Ë®–‡ ’¬™’«‘µ §‘¥‡ªìπ 4.6 ‡∑à“¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ ‡æ»™“¬ (OR=4.6, 95%CI=1.76-11.62, P<0.001) (2) °“√‡ªìπ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õß·µ° ‚¥¬ æ∫«à“ ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇªìπ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õß·µ° ¡’ ‚Õ°“ ‡ ’ˬß∑’Ë®–‡ ’¬™’«‘µ§‘¥‡ªìπ 6.7 ‡∑à“¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊ Õ ¥„π ¡Õßµ’ ∫ (OR=6.7, 95% CI=3.11-14.38, P<0.001) (3) µ”·ÀπàߢÕß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫ ‚¥¬ æ∫«à“ ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇªìπ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫∑’˵”·Àπàß middle cerebral artery ¡’‚Õ°“ ‡ ’ˬß∑’Ë®–‡ ’¬™’«‘µ§‘¥ ‡ªìπ 4.1 ‡∑à“¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇªìπ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫ ∑’µË ”·ÀπàßÕ◊πË (OR=4.1, 95%CI=1.25-15.61, P <0.001) «‘®“√≥å ®“°°“√»÷°…“‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß„πºŸâªÉ«¬ Õ“¬ÿπâÕ¬ (stoke in the young) Õ“¬ÿ15-45 ªï ‡°◊Õ∫ ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥æ∫«à“ æ∫„π‡æ»™“¬¡“°°«à“‡æ»À≠‘ß2-4 „π Õ—µ√“ à«π∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—𠵓¡¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§ ‡™◊ÈÕ™“µ‘ œ≈œ ´÷Ëß°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È æ∫«à“‡æ»™“¬¡’ Õ—µ√“°“√ªÉ«¬¡“° °«à“‡æ»À≠‘ß∂÷ß 1.2 ‡∑à“ ·≈– æ∫‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õßµ’∫¡“°°«à“ ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õß·µ° ∂÷ß 1.92 ‡∑à “ ´÷Ë ß æ∫«à “ ¡’ § «“¡·µ°µà “ ß°— ∫ ∑’Ë ‡ §¬»÷ ° …“„π ª√–™“°√¿“§„µâ6 ∑’Ëæ∫ ‡æ»™“¬ : ‡æ»À≠‘ß 1.5 : 1 ·≈–æ∫‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫ : ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß·µ° 1.05 : 1, §«“¡‡ ’ˬߵàÕ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß®–‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷È𠵓¡°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ∑’Ë¡“°¢÷Èπ ´÷Ëßæ∫µ√ß°—∫ °“√»÷°…“∑’ºË “à π¡“ µ”·ÀπàߢÕß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õßµ’∫ æ∫ ∑’Ë middle cerebral artery ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ √âÕ¬≈– 33.19 µ“¡¡“¥â«¬ multiple vessels √âÕ¬≈– 19.75 ·≈– lacunar infarction √âÕ¬≈– 13.45 “‡Àµÿ¢Õß‚√§ À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õßµ’∫ ¡—°®–¡’ “‡Àµÿ®“°‚√§À—«„® ∑—Èß∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°‚√§À—«„®‡Õß ‡™àπ ¿“«– AF ≈‘ÈπÀ—«„® µ’∫√—Ë« ¿“«–À—«„®¢“¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ·≈–‚√§∑“ß°“¬∑’Ë∑”„Àâ °“√‡µâπ¢ÕßÀ—«„®º‘¥ª°µ‘ ‡™àπ¿“«– thyrotoxicosis ´÷ßË æ∫‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 41.18 ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√»÷°…“ ®“°µà“ߪ√–‡∑»3,4,7,8 æ∫„π™à«ß√âÕ¬≈– 4.7-35.4 · ¥ß «à“„π°≈ÿࡪ√–™“°√∑’ˇ√“»÷°…“¡’‚√§À—«„®¡“°°«à“ °≈ÿà¡°“√»÷°…“Õ◊ËπÊ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–¿“«–≈‘ÈπÀ—«„®√—Ë« ∑’Ë æ∫ √à«¡°—∫ atrial fibrillation ´÷Ëß®“°°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Framingham study ∑’Ëæ∫ mitral valve stenosis √à«¡°—∫ atrial fibrillation ®–‡°‘¥‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß9 ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ 17 ‡∑à“ ¿“«– prosthetic mitral valve æ∫√âÕ¬≈– 4.62 ¿“«– infective endocarditis æ∫ √âÕ¬≈– 2.94 ‚¥¬„π°≈ÿà¡ prosthetic mitral valve æ∫«à“§à“ INR ¡—°®–πâÕ¬°«à“ (2.5-3.5) à«π¿“«– infective endocarditis æ∫„πºŸâªÉ«¬‰¢â‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß ·≈–‡ªìπ ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õßµ’∫„π‚√ß欓∫“≈ “‡Àµÿ Õ— π ¥— ∫ ÕߢÕß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊ Õ ¥„π ¡Õßµ’∫§◊Õ ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¢Áßµ—«3,4,7,8 æ∫√âÕ¬≈– 35.71 ´÷Ëß„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫¢Õßµà“ߪ√–‡∑»∑’Ëæ∫„π™à«ß √âÕ¬≈– 7.7-31.2 ´÷Ëßæ∫‚√§‡∫“À«“π¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ √âÕ¬≈– 12.60 √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß √âÕ¬≈– 10.50 ·≈– ¿“«–‰¢¡—π„π‡≈◊Õ¥ Ÿß √âÕ¬≈– 7.98 ´÷Ëß®“° °“√»÷°…“∑’˺à“π¡“æ∫«à“ ºŸâªÉ«¬Õ“¬ÿπâÕ¬∑’Ë¡’‚√§ ‡∫“À«“π ®–¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߇ªìπ 2 ‡∑à“¢ÕߺŸâ∑’ˉ¡à‡ªìπ ‚√§‡∫“À«“π10 ·≈–„πºŸªâ «É ¬∑’¡Ë ‚’ √§§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß ∑ÿ°Ê§«“¡¥—π∑’Ë Ÿß¢÷Èπ 10 mmHg ®–‡æ‘Ë¡Õ—µ√“°“√ ‡ªìπ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß11 √âÕ¬≈– 25 ®“°°“√»÷°…“ 34 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 04-original Article(2) 34 2/4/08, 13:18 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 04-original Article(2) 35 2/4/08, 13:18 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 35 Vol. 7 No.1 antiprothrombin III, antiphospholipid antibody Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡º≈°“√»÷°…“§√—ßÈ π’ È Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√»÷°…“ ∑’˺à“π¡“ ®–‰¡àæ∫ “‡Àµÿ¢Õß‚√§√âÕ¬≈– 12-343,7,8 „π°≈ÿà ¡ ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊ Õ ¥ ¡Õß·µ° ∑’Ë æ ∫ “‡Àµÿæ∫«à“¡—°®–¡’ “‡Àµÿ®“°‚√§§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß 8 ‡ªìπÀ≈—° √âÕ¬≈– 22.97 ·≈–æ∫µ”·ÀπàߢÕ߇≈◊Õ¥ ÕÕ°∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë —¡æ—π∏å°—∫ ‚√§§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß ‡™àπ basal ganglia √âÕ¬≈– 32.43, brain stem √âÕ¬≈– 10.81, cerebellar √âÕ¬≈– 8.11, lobar hemorrhage √âÕ¬≈– 13.51, multiple sites √âÕ¬≈– 17.57 à«π¿“«– AVM ·≈– bleeding tendency ¡—°®–‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡ non- hypertensive, aneurysm æ∫√âÕ¬≈– 6.76 ‚¥¬®–æ∫‡ªìπ subarachnoid bleeding Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡¡’√âÕ¬≈– 36.49 ∑’ˉ¡à∑√“∫ “‡Àµÿ¢Õß‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õß·µ° §≈⓬°—∫°“√»÷°…“∑’˺à“π¡“√âÕ¬≈– 8-44 8,15 “‡Àµÿ°“√µ“¬∑—Èß„π°≈ÿà¡‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õßµ’∫ ·≈– ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß·µ°æ∫„π°≈ÿà¡ ∑’ˇªìπ major vessel ´÷Ëß¡—°®–¡’¿“«–§«“¡¥—π„π °√–‚À≈°»’√…– Ÿß ·≈–‡°‘¥¿“«– brain herniation µ“¡¡“´÷Ëßæ∫√âÕ¬≈– 6.73 ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ à«π ¿“«–µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ∑—Èߪե՗°‡ ∫/ªÕ¥∫«¡ ·≈–µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ∑“ß ‡¥‘πªí “«– µ≈Õ¥®π·º≈°¥∑—∫ ¡—°‡°‘¥„πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë À¡¥ µ‘ ·≈–„ à‡§√◊ËÕߙ૬À“¬„®‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“π“π ®“°°“√»÷°…“ªí®®—¬∑’Ë —¡æ—π∏å°—∫Õ—µ√“°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß„πºŸâªÉ«¬Õ“¬ÿπâÕ¬¢Õß ‚√ß欓∫“≈Õÿ¥√∏“π’Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë√–¥—∫ 0.05 æ∫«à“ºŸâªÉ«¬‡æ»À≠‘ß∑’Ë¡’‚Õ°“ ‡ ’ˬß∑’Ë®–‡ ’¬ ™’«‘µ§‘¥‡ªìπ 4.6 ‡∑à“ ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‡æ»™“¬ (OR=4.6, 95%CI=1.76-11.62, P<0.001) ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇªìπ‚√§À≈Õ¥ ‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß·µ° ¡’‚Õ°“ ‡ ’ˬß∑’Ë®–‡ ’¬™’«‘µ§‘¥‡ªìπ 6.7 ‡∑à“ ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫ (OR=6.7, 95%CI=3.11-14.38, P<0.001) ºŸâªÉ«¬ ∑’ˇªìπ‚√§ À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫„πµ”·Àπàß middle cerebral artery ¡’‚Õ°“ ‡ ’ˬß∑’Ë®–‡ ’¬™’«‘µ§‘¥‡ªìπ 4.1 ‡∑à“ IJM cohort study of blood pressure and stroke in China ¿“«–‰¢¡—π„π‡≈◊Õ¥ Ÿß°Á —¡æ—π∏å°—∫‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ·¢Áßµ—« ´÷ËßÕ“®∑”„À⇰‘¥ ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õßµ’∫ µ“¡¡“‰¥â °“√ Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë„π°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’Èæ∫„πºŸâ ªÉ«¬‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫√âÕ¬≈– 4.62 ´÷Ëß°“√ »÷°…“∑’˺à“π¡“æ∫«à“ °“√ Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë Õ“®∑”„À⇪ìπ‚√§ À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õßµ’∫¡“°‡ªìπ 2 ‡∑à“ ¢ÕߺŸâ‰¡à Ÿ∫ ∫ÿÀ√’12Ë ¿“«– vasculitis ®“° CNT disease æ∫√âÕ¬≈– 7.14 ´÷Ë߇ªìπ°“√æ∫«à“ºŸâªÉ«¬ ANA positive ¡’ À≈—ß ®“°∑’ºË ªŸâ «É ¬¡“¥â«¬‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õßµ’∫∑—ßÈ À¡¥ ∫“ß√“¬¬—߉¡à¡Õ’ “°“√· ¥ß∑’ÕË «—¬«–Õ◊πË √à«¡¥â«¬ ºŸªâ «É ¬ ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õßµ’∫ √à«¡°—∫°“√§ÿ¡°”‡π‘¥ æ∫√â Õ ¬≈– 4.20 ‚¥¬∑—È ß À¡¥‡ªì π °“√°‘ 𠬓‡æ◊Ë Õ §«∫§ÿ¡°“√µ—Èߧ√√¿å ‰¡à¡’√“¬„¥„™â¬“©’¥§ÿ¡°”‡π‘¥‡≈¬ ºŸªâ «É ¬ HIV infection ·≈–¡’‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õßµ’∫ æ∫√â Õ ¬≈– 3.36 ∑—È ß À¡¥‰¥â √— ∫ °“√µ√«® ‰¡à æ ∫ cardiogenic cause à«π¡“°¡—°¡’ opportunistic infection ¡“·≈â« ‡™àπ pulmonary TB, PCP, cerebral toxoplasmosis œ≈œ ¡’‡æ’¬ß 2 √“¬ ‡∑à“π—Èπ∑’ˇªìπ asymptomatic serology positive without opportunistic infection ´÷ßË §ßÕ∏‘∫“¬ “‡Àµÿ§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å √–À«à“ß HIV ·≈–13 ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫®“°°“√∑’Ë¡’ immune-mediated vasculitis ‰ª®—∫∑’˺π—ߢÕßÀ≈Õ¥ ‡≈◊Õ¥ À√◊Õ ‡ªìπ direct toxic ¢Õß HIV virus ∑’˺π—ß ¢ÕßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥‡Õß ∑”„À⇰‘¥‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õß µ’∫¢÷Èπ ¿“«–°“√µ—Èߧ√√¿å ·≈–‡°‘¥‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫ æ∫√âÕ¬≈– 1.26 ‚¥¬∑—ßÈ À¡¥ ‡°‘¥„π™à«ß∑⓬ ¢Õß°“√µ—ßÈ §√√¿å ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë 7-9 ´÷ßË ¡—°®–Õ∏‘∫“¬®“°¿“«– hypercoagulable stage14 ®“°°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß®“° ŒÕ√å‚¡π „π√–À«à“ß°“√µ—ßÈ §√√¿å Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡¡’ºªŸâ «É ¬ Õ’°√âÕ¬≈– 17.23 ‰¡à∑√“∫ “‡Àµÿ¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥‚√§ À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥„π ¡Õßµ’∫ ·¡â®–‡ªìπ°“√µ√«®æ‘‡»… ‡™àπ hypercoagulable stage ‡™àπ protein C&S, ¢ÕߺŸªâ «É ¬∑’‡Ë ªìπ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡Õßµ’∫∑’µË ”·ÀπàßÕ◊πË 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Rev Neurol (Paris) 1992;148:550-4. 36 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 04-original Article(2) 36 2/4/08, 13:18 Original Article °“√»÷°…“ “‡Àµÿ¢Õߧ«“¡‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“ ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‚√§≈¡™—° Õ.¿≠. ÿ≥’ ‡≈‘» ‘πÕÿ¥¡1 , º».¿≠.°√·°â« ®—π∑¿“…“1, √».πæ. ¡»—°¥‘Ï ‡∑’¬¡‡°à“2, °≈ÿà¡»÷°…“«‘®—¬‚√§≈¡™—°3, √».¿≠.Õ“¿√≥’ ‰™¬“§”1 1 3 “¢“‡¿ —™°√√¡ªØ‘∫—µ‘ §≥–‡¿ —™»“ µ√å, 2 “¢“«‘™“ª√– “∑«‘∑¬“ ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å, ‚√ß欓∫“≈»√’π§√‘π∑√å §≥–·æ∑¬å»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ∫∑§—¥¬àÕ «—µ∂ÿª√– ߧå : ‡æ◊ËÕ∑√“∫ “‡Àµÿ¢Õߧ«“¡ ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 04-original Article(3) 37 2/4/08, 13:18 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 37 Vol. 7 No.1 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π IJM ‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ √Ÿª·∫∫°“√«‘®—¬ : °“√»÷°…“‡™‘ßæ√√≥π“ °≈ÿࡵ—«Õ¬à“ß : ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡“√—∫°“√√—°…“„π §≈‘π‘°‚√§≈¡™—° ‚√ß欓∫“≈»√’π§√‘π∑√å ·≈–‰¥â √—∫°“√∫√‘∫“≈∑“߇¿ —™°√√¡®“°‡¿ —™°√ª√–®” §≈‘π‘°‚√§≈¡™—° √–À«à“ß«—π∑’Ë 15 µÿ≈“§¡ æ.». 2550 ›31 ¡°√“§¡ æ.».2551 ‡°≥±å°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°ºŸâªÉ«¬ : °≈ÿࡺŸâªÉ«¬À√◊Õ ºŸâ¥Ÿ·≈∑’ˉ¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“∑’Ë¡“√—∫°“√√—°…“„π §≈‘π‘°‚√§≈¡™—° ‚√ß欓∫“≈»√’π§√‘π∑√å ·≈– ‰¥â √— ∫ °“√∫√‘ ∫ “≈∑“߇¿ — ™ °√√¡®“°‡¿ — ™ °√ ª√–®”§≈‘π‘°‚√§≈¡™—° √–À«à“ß«—π∑’Ë 15 µÿ≈“§¡ æ.». 2550-31 ¡°√“§¡ æ.». 2551 ´÷Ëß “¡“√∂„Àâ ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ”§—≠·≈–√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥‰¥â§√∫∂â«π º≈°“√»÷°…“ : ®”π«πºŸâªÉ«¬ 103 √“¬ æ∫ ªí≠À“®“°°“√„™â¬“ 152 ªí≠À“ ‡ªìπªí≠À“®“° §«“¡‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“ 41 ªí≠À“ (√âÕ¬≈– 26.97) æ∫ªí≠À“§«“¡‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“„π ºŸâªÉ«¬ 29 √“¬ ‚¥¬¡’Õ“¬ÿ√–À«à“ß 19-67 ªï Õ“¬ÿ ‡©≈’ˬ 41 ªï ‡ªìπºŸâ™“¬®”π«π 16 §π ºŸâÀ≠‘ß®”π«π 13 §π ªí≠À“¢Õߧ«“¡‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“ ∑’Ëæ∫·∫àßÕÕ°‰¥â‡ªìπ 2 ª√–‡¿∑À≈—° §◊Õ„™â¬“ ¡“°¢÷Èπ (over use) ®”π«π 3 ªí≠À“·≈–„™â¬“ ≈¥≈ß (under use) ®”π«π 38 ªí≠À“ “‡Àµÿ¢Õß §«“¡‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ¢Õß°“√„™â¬“¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ ¡’ “‡Àµÿ À≈—°∑—Èß ‘Èπ 5 “‡Àµÿ §◊Õ “‡Àµÿ®“°µ—«ºŸâªÉ«¬ (æ∫ 22 √“¬„π 29 √“¬) “‡Àµÿ®“°‚√§ (æ∫ 6 √“¬ „π 29 √“¬) “‡Àµÿ®“°¬“ (æ∫ 4 √“¬„π 29 √“¬) “‡Àµÿ®“°ºŸâ¥Ÿ·≈ (æ∫ 4 √“¬„π 29 √“¬) ·≈– “‡ÀµÿÕ◊ËπÊ (æ∫ 5 √“¬„π 29 √“¬) “‡Àµÿ ®“°µ—«ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ëæ∫∫àÕ¬§◊Õ °“√≈◊¡ (æ∫ 15 √“¬ „π 22 √“¬) “‡Àµÿ®“°‚√§∑’Ëæ∫∫àÕ¬§◊Õ°“√√—∫√Ÿâ ‡°’ˬ«°—∫Õ“°“√¢Õß‚√§∑’ˇªìπÕ¬Ÿà (æ∫ 3 √“¬„π 6 √“¬) “‡Àµÿ®“°¬“∑’Ëæ∫∫àÕ¬§◊Õº≈¢â“߇§’¬ß ∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°¬“ (æ∫ 3 √“¬„π 4 √“¬) “‡Àµÿ®“° ºŸâ¥Ÿ·≈∑’Ëæ∫∑—ÈßÀ¡¥§◊Õ°“√¢“¥§«“¡¥Ÿ·≈‡Õ“„®„ à ®“°§π√Õ∫¢â“ßÀ√◊Õ§√Õ∫§√—« ·≈– “‡ÀµÿÕ◊ËπÊ ‰¥â·°à§«“¡‰¡à –¥«°„π°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß ¢“¥¬“®“° ¿“√–Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ° “√ß“πÀ√◊ Õ µ‘ ¥ ∏ÿ √ –·≈–ªí ≠ À“∑“ß ‡»√…∞“π– √ÿª : “‡Àµÿ¢Õߧ«“¡‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√ „™â¬“¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‚√§≈¡™—° Õ“®·∫à߇ªì𠓇Àµÿ À≈—°‰¥â 5 “‡Àµÿ §◊Õ “‡Àµÿ‡°‘¥®“°µ—«ºŸâªÉ«¬‡Õß “‡Àµÿ®“°‚√§ “‡Àµÿ®“°¬“ “‡Àµÿ®“°§π∑’Ë¥Ÿ·≈ ·≈– “‡Àµÿ Õ◊Ë π ʉ¥â · °à §«“¡‰¡à –¥«°„π°“√ ‡¥‘π∑“ß µ‘¥¿“√–Àπâ“∑’Ë°“√ß“π·≈–ªí≠À“∑“ß ‡»√…∞“π– ‚¥¬æ∫«à“ “‡Àµÿ®“°µ—«ºŸâªÉ«¬∂◊Õ‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ∑’Ë ”§—≠∑’Ë∑”„À⺟âªÉ«¬‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“ ´÷Ëß à«π„À≠à®–„Àâ‡Àµÿº≈«à“‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°°“√≈◊¡ ®– ‡ÀÁπ«à“ “‡Àµÿ∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬ „Àâ‡Àµÿº≈ ∫ÿ§≈“°√∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å “¡“√∂ªÑÕß°—π À√◊ Õ ·°â ‰ ¢ªí ≠ À“¥— ß °≈à “ «‰¥â ‚¥¬µâ Õ ß∑”§«“¡ IJM Vol. 7 No.1 ∫∑π” ‚√§≈¡™—°‡ªìπ‚√§∑“ß√–∫∫ª√– “∑∑’Ëæ∫ ∫àÕ¬ ·≈–¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‡ªìπ Õ¬à“ß¡“°‰¡à«“à ®–‡ªìπº≈°√–∑∫µàÕ§«“¡√Ÿ â °÷ ¢ÕߺŸªâ «É ¬ µàÕ°“√„™â™«’ µ‘ ª√–®”«—π·≈–º≈°√–∑∫¥â“𮑵 —ߧ¡1,2 ·¡â«à“¬“°—π™—° ®–®—¥‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß°“√√—°…“µ“¡Õ“°“√ °≈à“«§◊Õ §«∫§ÿ¡¡‘„ÀâÕ“°“√™—°‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬¡‘‰¥â√—°…“ “‡ÀµÿÀ√◊Õ‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß°“√¥”‡π‘π‚√§¢Õß°≈ÿà¡‚√§ ≈¡™—°Àπ÷ËßÊ µ≈Õ¥®π‰¡à “¡“√∂ªÑÕß°—π°“√‡°‘¥‚√§ ≈¡™— ° ‰¥â ·µà ¬ “°— π ™— ° “¡“√∂≈¥Õ— µ √“°“√™— ° ´È” (recurrent seizure) ‰¥â∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 50 À≈—ߺŸâªÉ«¬ ‡°‘¥Õ“°“√™—°§√—Èß·√° ·≈–°“√„À⬓°—π™—°√–¬–¬“« µàÕ‡π◊ËÕß “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ‚√§≈¡™—°À“¬ °≈à“«§◊Õ ‰¡à¡’ Õ“°“√™—°‡≈¬µàÕ‡π◊ËÕß°—πÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 2-5 ªï (remission) ‰¥â∂÷ß √âÕ ¬≈– 60-70 ¢ÕߺŸâ ªÉ«¬3 ªí ≠À“§«“¡‰¡à √à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“∂◊Õ‡ªìπªí≠À“∑“ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢∑’Ë ”§—≠ æ∫ √âÕ¬≈– 13-93 ‡©≈’ˬª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 404 §«“¡‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“∑”„Àâ≈¥ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ¢Õß°“√√—°…“·≈–∑”„Àâ¿“«–‚√§·¬à≈ß µâÕßæ∫·æ∑¬å ¡“°¢÷Èπ ‡¢â“πÕπ‚√ß欓∫“≈‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ·≈–µ“¬„π∑’Ë ÿ¥ ¡’À≈“¬°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“º≈≈—æ∏å∑“ß°“√√—°…“®–·¬à „π °≈ÿࡺŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–„π ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬‚√§‡√◊È Õ √— ß Õ“∑‘ ‡ ™à π ‚√§§«“¡¥— π ‚≈À‘ µ Ÿ ß ‡∫“À«“π ·≈–‚√§≈¡™—°5-8 ‚√§≈¡™—°‡ªìπ‚√§‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß∑’Ë®–µâÕßÕ“»—¬√–¬– ‡«≈“π“π„π°“√√—°…“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“‡ªìπ ‘ßË ”§—≠„π°“√√—°…“ºŸªâ «É ¬‚√§≈¡™—°¥â«¬¬“ ‡π◊ÕË ß®“° ¡’°“√»÷°…“ æ∫«à“ §«“¡‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“∑’Ë ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ àߺ≈∑’˵“¡¡“§◊Õ®–‡°‘¥§«“¡‡ ’ˬߢÕß°“√™—° ∑’Ë∂’Ë¢÷Èπ9,10 ”À√—∫ªí®®—¬∑’Ë àߺ≈µàÕ§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√ ‡¢â“„®ºŸâªÉ«¬·µà≈–√“¬ §âπÀ“ “‡Àµÿ∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ß∑’˺Ÿâ ªÉ « ¬‰¡à √à « ¡¡◊ Õ „π°“√„™â ¬ “·≈–„Àâ §”·π–π” ª√÷ ° …“‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡æ‘Ë ¡ §«“¡√à « ¡¡◊ Õ „π°“√„™â ¬ “„Àâ · °à ºŸâªÉ«¬ ´÷Ëß®–𔉪 Ÿàª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈„π°“√√—°…“µàÕ‰ª „™â¬“¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ ‰¥â·°à Õ“¬ÿ °“√»÷°…“ °“√‡ÀÁ𧫓¡ ”§— ≠ ¢Õ߬“ ∑— » 𖧵‘ ¢ ÕߺŸâ ªÉ « ¬∑’Ë ¡’ µà Õ ‚√§ ≈¡™—° ®”π«π¢Õ߬“∑’Ë„™â„π°“√√—°…“ Õ“°“√‰¡àæ÷ß ª√– ߧå∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°¬“ °“√ π—∫ πÿπ®“°æàÕ·¡à °“√ π—∫ πÿπ®“°·æ∑¬å ·√ß®Ÿß„®∑’Ë¥’ ‡ªìπµâπ11-13 ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√»÷°…“∂÷ß “‡Àµÿ¢Õߧ«“¡‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√ „™â¬“¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬«à“‡°‘¥®“° “‡Àµÿ„¥∫â“ß„π‡™‘ß‡®“–≈÷° ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡¢â“„®„πºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§≈¡™—°¡“°¢÷Èπ ®÷ß¡’ ª√–‚¬™πåµàÕ°“√¥Ÿ·≈ºŸâªÉ«¬µàÕ‰ª„πÕ𓧵 «—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å ‡æ◊ËÕ∑√“∫ “‡Àµÿ¢Õߧ«“¡‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√ „™â¬“¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ √Ÿª·∫∫°“√»÷°…“ °“√»÷°…“‡™‘ßæ√√≥π“ §”𑬓¡ Non-compliance À¡“¬∂÷ ß °“√∑’Ë ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬ ‰¡à ª Ø‘ ∫— µ‘ µ “¡§” —Ë ß „™â ¬ “·≈–§”·π–π”¢Õß·æ∑¬å ‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√„™â¬“ Compliance À¡“¬∂÷ß °“√∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬ªØ‘∫—µ‘ µ“¡§” —Ëß„™â¬“·≈–§”·π–π”¢Õß·æ∑¬å‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√ „™â¬“ °≈ÿࡪ√–™“°√ ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬∑’Ë ¡ “√— ∫ °“√√— ° …“„π§≈‘ π‘ ° ‚√§≈¡™— ° ‚√ß欓∫“≈»√’π§√‘π∑√å ·≈–‰¥â√—∫°“√∫√‘∫“≈∑“ß ‡¿ —™°√√¡®“°‡¿ —™°√ª√–®”§≈‘π‘°‚√§≈¡™—° 38 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 04-original Article(3) 38 2/4/08, 13:18 °≈ÿࡵ—«Õ¬à“ß - ·π«§”∂“¡∑’Ë „ ™â „ π°“√ — ¡ ¿“…≥å · ∫∫ ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬∑’Ë ¡ “√— ∫ °“√√— ° …“„π§≈‘ π‘ ° ‚√§≈¡™— ° ‚√ß欓∫“≈»√’π§√‘π∑√å ·≈–‰¥â√—∫°“√∫√‘∫“≈∑“ß ‡¿ — ™ °√√¡®“°‡¿ — ™ °√ª√–®”§≈‘ π‘ ° ‚√§≈¡™— ° √–À«à“ß«—π∑’Ë 15 µÿ≈“§¡ æ.». 2550 - 31 ¡°√“§¡ æ.».2551 ‡°≥±å°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°ºŸâªÉ«¬ °≈ÿࡺŸâªÉ«¬À√◊ÕºŸâ¥Ÿ·≈ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√ „™â¬“∑’¡Ë “√—∫°“√√—°…“„π§≈‘π°‘ ‚√§≈¡™—° ‚√ß欓∫“≈ »√’π§√‘π∑√å·≈–‰¥â√—∫°“√∫√‘∫“≈∑“߇¿ —™°√√¡®“° ‡¿ —™°√ª√–®”§≈‘π‘°‚√§≈¡™—° √–À«à“ß«—π∑’Ë 15 µÿ≈“§¡ æ.». 2550 - 31 ¡°√“§¡ æ.».2551 ´÷Ëß “¡“√∂„Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ”§—≠·≈–√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥‰¥â§√∫∂â«π ‡®“–≈÷° - ‡§√◊ÕË ß∫—π∑÷°‡ ’¬ß ¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ 1. ºŸâªÉ«¬‡¢â“¡“æ∫·æ∑¬å∑’˧≈‘π‘°‚√§≈¡™—° ‚√ß欓∫“≈»√’π§√‘π∑√å ‡æ◊ËÕµ√«®·≈–«‘π‘®©—¬‚√§ ·≈–π—¥µ‘¥µ“¡Õ“°“√„π§√—ÈßµàÕ‰ª 2. ‡¿ — ™ °√„Àâ ° “√∫√‘ ∫ “≈∑“߇¿ — ™ °√√¡ °≈à“«§◊Õ §âπÀ“ªí≠À“®“°°“√„™â¬“ ªÑÕß°—π·≈– ·°â‰¢ªí≠À“¥—ß°≈à“« ·≈–§—¥°√ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¡à„Àâ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“ 3. ºŸâ∑”°“√«‘®—¬∑”°“√ —¡¿“…≥废âªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¡à √à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“·∫∫‡®“–≈÷° º≈°“√»÷°…“ ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ∑’Ë „™â - ‚ª√·°√¡°“√∫— π ∑÷ ° ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ °“√∫√‘ ∫ “≈ ∑“߇¿ —™°√√¡·°àºŸâªÉ«¬ ¢Õ߇¿ —™°√ª√–®”§≈‘π‘° ‚√§≈¡™—° ®”π«πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇ¢â“¡“√—∫∫√‘°“√„π§≈‘π‘°‚√§ ≈¡™—°·≈–‰¥â√—∫°“√∫√‘∫“≈∑“߇¿ —™°√√¡ „π™à«ß ‡«≈“¥—ß°≈à“«¡’∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 103 √“¬ æ∫ªí≠À“®“°°“√ „™â¬“¥—ß· ¥ß„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 IJM Vol. 7 No.1 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 ª√–‡¿∑¢Õߪí≠À“®“°°“√„™â¬“∑’Ëæ∫„π§≈‘π‘°‚√§≈¡™—° « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 04-original Article(3) 39 2/4/08, 13:18 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 39 ¡’ºŸâªÉ«¬®”π«π 29 √“¬ ∑’Ëæ∫ªí≠À“§«“¡‰¡à √à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“ ‚¥¬¡’®”π«π§√—ÈߢÕß°“√‡°‘¥ ªí≠À“§«“¡‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 41 §√—Èß ®”π«πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë∂Ÿ°§—¥‡≈◊Õ°‡æ◊ËÕ∑”°“√»÷°…“‡™‘߇®“–≈÷° „π§√—Èßπ’È ¡’®”π«π 29 √“¬ ‚¥¬¡’Õ“¬ÿ√–À«à“ß 19-67 ªï Õ“¬ÿ‡©≈’ˬ 41 ªï ‡ªìπºŸâ™“¬®”π«π 16 §π ºŸâÀ≠‘ß ®”π«π 13 §π ªí≠À“¢Õߧ«“¡‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â ¬“∑’Ëæ∫·∫àßÕÕ°‰¥â‡ªìπ 2 ª√–‡¿∑À≈—° §◊Õ„™â¬“ ¡“°¢÷Èπ (over use) ®”π«π 3 ªí≠À“·≈–„™â¬“≈¥≈ß (under use) ®”π«π 38 ªí≠À“ ®“°°“√»÷°…“‚¥¬°“√ —¡¿“…≥凙‘߇®“–≈÷°®“° ºŸâªÉ«¬·µà≈–√“¬ ºŸâªÉ«¬‰¥â„Àâ‡Àµÿº≈¢Õߧ«“¡‰¡à√à«¡ ¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“«à“¡’ “‡Àµÿµà“ßÊ ·≈–ºŸâªÉ«¬∫“ß√“¬„Àâ ‡Àµÿº≈¡“°°«à“ 1 ‡Àµÿº≈ ´÷Ëß “¡“√∂·∫àß “‡ÀµÿÀ≈—° ·≈–√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õß “‡Àµÿ∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√ „™â¬“ ¥—ß· ¥ß„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 IJM Vol. 7 No.1 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 “‡ÀµÿÀ≈—°·≈–√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õß “‡Àµÿ∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“ 40 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 04-original Article(3) 40 2/4/08, 13:18 ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õß “‡Àµÿ∑º’Ë ªŸâ «É ¬‰¡à√«à ¡¡◊Õ „π°“√„™â¬“ 1. “‡Àµÿ®“°µ—«ºŸâªÉ«¬ ‡°‘¥®“° 2.1 §«“¡√Ÿâ‡°’ˬ«°—∫‚√§≈¡™—° (®”π«πºŸâªÉ«¬ 2 √“¬) ‚¥¬¡’‡Àµÿº≈¥—ßπ’È - ‰¡à∑√“∫«à“‚√§π’ȵâÕß√—∫ª√–∑“𬓵‘¥µàÕ °—πÕ¬à“ß ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ ‚¥¬¡’ºŸâªÉ«¬√“¬Àπ÷Ë߉¥â√—∫°“√ √—°…“‚√§≈¡™—°¡“‡ªìπ‡«≈“À≈“¬ªï ·µàÕ“°“√‰¡à¥’¢÷Èπ ®÷߉¥â¡“√—∫°“√√—°…“∑’˧≈‘π‘°‚√§≈¡™—° ‚√ß欓∫“≈ »√’ π §√‘ π ∑√å ´÷Ë ß ‡¡◊Ë Õ ‰¥â ∑”°“√ — ¡ ¿“…≥å æ ∫«à “ µ≈Õ¥√–¬–‡«≈“∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬‰¥â√—∫°“√√—°…“‚√§≈¡™—°®“° ∑’ËÕ◊Ëππ—ÈπºŸâªÉ«¬‰¡à∑√“∫«à“®–µâÕß∑”°“√√—∫ª√–∑“𬓠¡Ë” ‡ ¡Õ·≈–∫“ߧ√—È ß √— ∫ ª√–∑“𬓠2 ‡¡Á ¥ ∫â “ ß « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 04-original Article(3) 41 2/4/08, 13:18 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 41 Vol. 7 No.1 2. “‡Àµÿ®“°‚√§ ‡°‘¥®“° IJM 1.1 °“√≈◊¡/®”‰¡à‰¥â (®”π«πºŸâªÉ«¬ 15 √“¬) ‚¥¬¡’‡Àµÿº≈¥—ßπ’È - ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’°‘®∏ÿ√–Õ◊Ëπ∑’˵âÕß∑” ‡™àπ √’∫‰ª ∑”ß“π ‰ª —ß √√§å°—∫‡æ◊ËÕπ µâÕßÕÕ°‰ª∏ÿ√–‡√àߥà«π µâÕߥŸ·≈∫ÿ§§≈„π§√Õ∫§√—« - ‰¡à‰¥âæ°¬“µ‘¥µ—«‰ª¥â«¬ - ºŸâªÉ«¬ —∫ π À≈ß≈◊¡«à“√—∫ª√–∑“𬓉ª ·≈â«À√◊Õ¬—ß ∑”„À⺟âªÉ«¬‰¡à·πà„®®÷ß√—∫ª√–∑“𬓇æ‘Ë¡ - ∑”ß“πµ‘¥µàÕ°—π®π¥÷° ∑”„À⺟âªÉ«¬√Ÿâ ÷° ‡Àπ◊ËÕ¬‡æ≈’¬ Õ¬“°æ—°ºàÕπ ®÷ßÀ≈—∫‰ª‚¥¬≈◊¡√—∫ª√– ∑“𬓰àÕππÕπ 1.2 °“√®—¥‡°Á∫¬“¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¡à‡ªìπ√–‡∫’¬∫ (®”π«πºŸâªÉ«¬ 1 √“¬) ‚¥¬¡’‡Àµÿº≈§◊Õ ºŸâªÉ«¬À¬‘∫¬“º‘¥°√–ªÿ° ‡π◊ËÕß®“°ºŸâªÉ«¬ π”°√–ªÿ°¬“‡°à“∑’‰Ë ¡à¡¬’ “·≈â««“ß√«¡°—∫°√–ªÿ°¬“„À¡à ∑”„À⇡◊ËÕºŸâªÉ«¬À¬‘∫¬“‡æ◊ËÕ∑’Ë®–¡“√—∫ª√–∑“𬓄π ™à«ßÀπ÷Ëß —ª¥“Àå°àÕπ¡“æ∫·æ∑¬å®÷ߧ‘¥«à“¬“À¡¥·≈â« ®÷߉¡à‰¥â√∫— ª√–∑“𬓠1.3 Õ“¬ÿπâÕ¬®÷߉¡à‡ÀÁ𧫓¡ ”§—≠ ·≈–‡∫◊ËÕ „π°“√√—∫ª√–∑“𬓠(®”π«πºŸâªÉ«¬ 1 √“¬) ‚¥¬¡’ ‡Àµÿº≈§◊Õ ºŸâªÉ«¬Õ“¬ÿπâÕ¬®÷߉¡à‡ÀÁ𧫓¡ ”§—≠ ¢Õß °“√√—∫ª√–∑“𬓠À“°æàÕ·¡à‰¡à∫—ߧ—∫„Àâ√—∫ª√–∑“𠬓°Á®–‰¡à√—∫ª√–∑“π Õ’°∑—ÈߺŸâªÉ«¬√—∫ª√–∑“𬓠¡“π“π·≈â«∑”„Àâ√Ÿâ ÷°‡∫◊ËÕ∑’˵âÕß√—∫ª√–∑“π¬“∑ÿ°«—π ®÷߉¡àÕ¬“°√—∫ª√–∑“π 1.4 °“√√—∫√Ÿ‡â °’¬Ë «°—∫¬“ (®”π«πºŸªâ «É ¬ 3 √“¬) ‚¥¬¡’‡Àµÿº≈¥—ßπ’È - ºŸâªÉ«¬§‘¥«à“‡¡◊ËÕ√—∫ª√–∑“π¬“¢≥–∑âÕ߇ ’¬ ¬“∑’Ë√—∫ª√–∑“π‡¢â“‰ªπ—Èπ¬—߉¡à‰¥âÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï·µà∂Ÿ°¢—∫ ÕÕ°¡“æ√âÕ¡°—∫Õÿ®®“√– ∑”„À⇡◊ËÕ√—∫ª√–∑“𬓉ª ¬“°Á‰¡à àߺ≈µàÕ√à“ß°“¬ À√◊ÕÀ“°√—∫ª√–∑“π¬“√à«¡ °—∫°“√¥◊Ë¡‡À≈â“·≈⫪√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õ߬“®–≈¥≈ß ®÷ß §‘¥«à“Õ“®®–‰¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕß√—∫ª√–∑“𬓄π™à«ß¥—ß°≈à“« - §‘ ¥ «à “ ¬“ “¡“√∂ªÑ Õ ß°— π Õ“°“√™— ° ‡¡◊Ë Õ √— ∫ ª√–∑“π‡À≈â“ ®÷ß√—∫ª√–∑“𬓰àÕπ¥◊¡Ë ‡À≈â“ ‡π◊ÕË ß®“° §‘ ¥ «à “ ‡À≈â “ ®– à ß º≈∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ Õ“°“√™— ° ®÷ ß „™â ¬ “‡æ◊Ë Õ ‡ªìπ°“√ªÑÕß°—πÕ“°“√™—°∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥®“°‡À≈â“ 1.5 ºŸâªÉ«¬‰¡à‡¢â“„®„π«‘∏’°“√√—∫ª√–∑“𬓠(®”π«πºŸâªÉ«¬ 2 √“¬) ‚¥¬¡’‡Àµÿº≈¥—ßπ’È - ‡ ¡◊Ë Õ ≈◊ ¡ √— ∫ ª √ – ∑ “ π ¬ “ · ≈â « ® – π” ¡ 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Õ“¬ÿ √Ÿ ª ·∫∫°“√ √—∫ª√–∑“𬓠°“√‡°‘¥Õ“°“√‰¡àæ÷ߪ√– ߧ宓°¬“ ´÷Ë ß ∂Ÿ ° ®— ¥ Õ¬Ÿà „ π°≈ÿà ¡ “‡Àµÿ ∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ®“°µ— « ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬·≈– “‡Àµÿ∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°¬“µ“¡≈”¥—∫ °“√»÷°…“¢Õß Ikenobe ·≈–§≥–11 æ∫«à“„πºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§≈¡™—°∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ√–À«à“ß 13-17 ªï ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√¥Ÿ·≈®“°æàÕ·¡à®–¡’§«“¡√à«¡„π °“√„™â ¬ “¥’ ° «à “ °≈ÿà ¡ ∑’Ë ‰ ¡à ‰ ¥â √— ∫ °“√¥Ÿ · ≈®“°æà Õ ·¡à ‡ªìπ 10.47 ‡∑à“ ´÷Ëß¡’§«“¡ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√»÷°…“„π §√—Èßπ’È ‚¥¬æ∫«à“ “‡Àµÿ∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°§π¥Ÿ·≈‡ªìπÕ’°ªí®®—¬ Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë àߺ≈„À⺟âªÉ«¬‡°‘¥§«“¡‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“ πÕ°®“°π’È®“°°“√»÷°…“À≈“¬°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“‡Àµÿº≈ « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 04-original Article(3) 43 2/4/08, 13:19 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 43 Vol. 7 No.1 5. Õ◊ËπÊ ‡°‘¥®“° «‘®“√≥å IJM - °“√¢“¥§«“¡¥Ÿ·≈‡Õ“„®„ ஓ°§π√Õ∫¢â“ß À√◊Õ§√Õ∫§√—« ‚¥¬¡’‡Àµÿº≈¥—ßπ’È - §π¥Ÿ·≈√Ÿ â °÷ ‡Àπ◊ÕË ¬·≈–‡∫◊ÕË „π°“√¥Ÿ·≈ºŸªâ «É ¬ - §π¥Ÿ·≈®—¥¬“µ“¡§«“¡‡§¬™‘π ‰¡à‰¥âª√—∫ ‡ª≈’Ë¬π¬“µ“¡∑’Ë·æ∑¬å —Ëß - §π¥Ÿ·≈‰¡à¡’‡«≈“√—∫§”·π–π”„π¥â“π°“√ „™â¬“®“°‡¿ —™°√∑”„À≡à∑√“∫°“√ª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ°“√ √—°…“ (®”π«πºŸâªÉ«¬ 3 √“¬) ‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß¡“√—∫¬“„π·µà≈–§√—Èß µâÕß„™â√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√‡¥‘π∑“ßπ“π Õ’°∑—È߬—ßµâÕß ‡ ’¬§à“„™â®à“¬„π°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß Ÿß À√◊ÕµâÕßæ÷Ëß擺ŸâÕ◊Ëπ ∑”„Àâ‰¡à –¥«°∑’Ë®–¡“√—∫¬“µ“¡«—ππ—¥ ®÷ß∑”„Àâ ºŸªâ «É ¬¢“¥¬“ - ¢“¥¬“®“°¿“√–Àπâ “ ∑’Ë ° “√ß“π/µ‘ ¥ ∏ÿ √ – (®”π«πºŸâªÉ«¬ 3 √“¬) ‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°µ‘¥Àπâ“∑’Ë°“√ß“π §◊Õ ºŸâªÉ«¬ ‰¡à “¡“√∂≈“ß“π∑’Ë ∑”Õ¬Ÿà ‡ æ◊Ë Õ ¡“√— ∫ ¬“‰¥â ‡ π◊Ë Õ ß®“° ‡ªìπ¢â“√“™°“√ ∂â“≈“ß“π¡“∫àÕ¬Ê Õ“®∑”„À⇠’¬ √“™°“√‰¥â À√◊Õ¡’∏ÿ√–®”‡ªìπÕ¬à“߬‘Ëߧ◊ÕµâÕߥŸ·≈·¡à ∑’Ë°”≈—ߪɫ¬ ∑”„Àâ‰¡à “¡“√∂¡“√—∫¬“µ“¡°”Àπ¥‰¥â ®÷ߢ“¥¬“¥â«¬§«“¡®”‡ªìπ ‚¥¬∑√“∫«à“‰¡à§«√¢“¥ À√◊ÕÀ¬ÿ¥¬“‡Õß ·µà‰¡à “¡“√∂À≈’°‡≈’ˬߧ«“¡®”‡ªìπ π’‰È ¥â Vol. 7 No.1 IJM ¢Õߧ«“¡‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“¡“®“°ºŸâªÉ«¬≈◊¡ °“√ —Ëß®à“¬¬“´—∫´âÕπ ∫ÿ§≈“°√∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å‰¡àÕ∏‘∫“¬ ∂÷ߪ√–‚¬™πå¢Õß°“√„™â¬“·≈–º≈¢â“߇§’¬ß®“°¬“ ‰¡à æ‘ ® “√≥“ª√— ∫ ‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π„Àâ ‡ ¢â “ °— ∫ ™’ «‘ µ ª√–®”«— π ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬ À√◊Õ°“√‰¡à§”π÷ß∂÷ß§à“„™â®à“¬ ·≈– §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å √–À«à“ß∫ÿ§≈“°√∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å°—∫ºŸâªÉ«¬14 ‡ªìπµâπ ´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√»÷°…“π’È ·µà®“°°“√»÷°…“π’Èæ∫«à“ §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß∫ÿ§≈“°√∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å°—∫ºŸâªÉ«¬ ‰¡à‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ¢Õߧ«“¡‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“¢Õß ºŸªâ «É ¬°≈ÿ¡à ∑’∑Ë ”°“√»÷°…“π’È Õ“®‡π◊ÕË ß®“°°“√„Àâ∫√‘°“√ ¢Õߧ≈‘π‘°‚√§≈¡™—°π’È¡’°“√∑”ß“π√à«¡°—π·∫∫ À “¢“«‘™“™’æ ·≈–¡’°“√„À⧔·π–π”ª√÷°…“ªí≠À“ ‡√◊ËÕ߬“·°àºŸâªÉ«¬∑ÿ°√“¬ ®“°º≈∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√»÷°…“π’È “¡“√∂𔉪 ‡ªìπ·π«∑“ß„π°“√∫√‘∫“≈∑“߇¿ —™°√√¡·°àºŸâªÉ«¬ ‚√§≈¡™— ° ∑’Ë ¡’ ªí ≠ À“§«“¡‰¡à √à « ¡¡◊ Õ „π°“√„™â ¬ “ °≈à“«§◊Õ ‡¡◊ËÕ∑√“∫ªí≠À“À√◊Õ “‡Àµÿ∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ß∑’Ë∑”„Àâ ºŸâªÉ«¬‡°‘¥§«“¡‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“ ®–∑”„Àⷰ≢ ·≈–ªÑÕß°—πªí≠À“∑’ËÕ“®®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ°—∫µ—«ºŸâªÉ«¬·µà≈– √“¬‰¥âÕ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß·≈–µ√ß®ÿ¥¡“°¢÷Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥ ª√–‚¬™πå Ÿß ÿ¥°—∫µ—«ºŸâªÉ«¬‡Õß„π°“√√—°…“ ®“°°“√»÷ ° …“π’È “¡“√∂‡ πÕ·π–·π« ∑“ß°“√‡æ‘¡Ë §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“„Àâ°∫— ºŸªâ «É ¬‰¥â¥ß— π’È 1. ·π–π”·π«∑“ß°“√ªÑ Õ ß°— π °“√≈◊ ¡ √— ∫ ª√–∑“π¬“ Õ“∑‘‡™àπ - „À⇰Á∫¬“„πµ”·Àπàß∑’Ë “¡“√∂‡ÀÁπ‰¥â „π‡«≈“∑’ºË ªŸâ «É ¬®–µâÕß√—∫ª√–∑“𬓂¥¬„Àâ Õ¥§≈âÕß °—∫™’«‘µª√–®”«—π¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬·µà≈–√“¬ - æ°¬“µ‘ ¥ µ— « ‡¡◊Ë Õ ‰ª∑”ß“πÀ√◊ Õ ·∫à ß ¬“ à«πÀπ÷Ë߉«â„π∑’Ë∑”ß“π - ·π–π”°“√ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ∑’Ë ∂Ÿ ° µâ Õ ßÀ“°¡’ ° “√ ≈◊¡√—∫ª√–∑“π¬“«à“ “¡“√∂√—∫ª√–∑“𬓉¥â‡¡◊ËÕ‰√ À√◊Õ “¡“√∂√«∫¢π“¥¬“‰¥âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à‚¥¬æ‘®“√≥“®“° §ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“߇¿ —™®≈π»“ µ√å·≈–≈—°…≥–°“√ÕÕ° ƒ∑∏‘Ï¢Õ߬“·µà≈–µ—« - ·π–π”«‘∏’°“√‡µ◊Õπ„Àâ√—∫ª√–∑“𬓠‡™àπ µ—Èߪ≈ÿ°‡µ◊Õπ‚¥¬„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ - ·π–π”„Àâ„™âªØ‘∑‘π™à«¬„π°“√‡µ◊Õπ«à“ √—∫ª√–∑“𬓉ª·≈â« §◊Õ¢’¥¶à“∑’˪ؑ∑‘π¢Õß«—π∑’Ë √—∫ª√–∑“𬓠2. ‡¡◊ÕË ºŸªâ «É ¬ “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ¡Õ“°“√™—°‰¥â¥¢’ π÷È À√◊ÕÕ“°“√·¬à≈ß ∫ÿ§≈“°√∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å§«√‡πâπ¬È” ∂÷ߧ«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“·°àºŸâªÉ«¬‡π◊ËÕß®“°ºŸâªÉ«¬ ®–¡’·π«‚πâ¡∑’Ë®–„™â¬“≈¥≈ßÀ√◊Õ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‰¥â 3. Õ∫∂“¡ºŸâªÉ«¬∑ÿ°§√—Èß∂÷ß‚√§ª√–®”µ—«∑’Ë ºŸâªÉ«¬‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà·≈–¬“∑’Ë„™â√à«¡¥â«¬ À“°ºŸâªÉ«¬¡’‚√§√à«¡ À≈“¬‚√§ ·≈–µâÕß„™â¬“À≈“¬µ—« µâÕß·π–π”·≈–„Àâ §«“¡√Ÿâ‡°’ˬ«°—∫¬“∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬‰¥â√—∫ √à«¡∂÷ߺ≈¢â“߇§’¬ß ∑’ËÕ“®®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°¬“·≈–ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“√–À«à“߬“ √à«¡∂÷ß º≈°√–∑∫µà Õ ‚√§∑’Ë ‡ ªì π Õ¬Ÿà ‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°·æ∑¬å · ≈– ‡¿ —™°√‰¥âµ√«® Õ∫§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡·≈â«·°àºŸâªÉ«¬ ‡æ◊ËÕºŸâªÉ«¬®–‰¥â‰¡à‡°‘¥§«“¡«‘µ°°—ß«≈ 4. ‡¿ —™°√§«√Õ∏‘∫“¬º≈¢â“߇§’¬ß®“°¬“ „Àâ ºŸâªÉ«¬¡’§«“¡‡¢â“„®∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß ‰¡à«‘µ°°—ß«≈¡“°‡°‘π‰ª √«¡∑—Èß·π–π”«‘∏’°“√ªÑÕß°—πº≈¢â“߇§’¬ß‰¡à„À⇰‘¥¢÷Èπ À√◊Õ ‡°‘¥√ÿπ·√ߢ÷Èπ„À⺟âªÉ«¬‡¢â“„® „π°√≥’∑’ˇªìπº≈ ¢â“߇§’¬ß∑’‡Ë ªìπæ‘…®“°¬“∑’√Ë πÿ ·√ß ‡™à𠇥‘π‡´ µ“°√–µÿ° °Á§«√·π–π”„À⺟âªÉ«¬√’∫°≈—∫¡“æ∫·æ∑¬å 5. ∫ÿ§≈“°√∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å§«√„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠ °—∫ºŸâ¥Ÿ·≈ºŸâªÉ«¬ °≈à“«§◊Õ §«√·π–π”·≈–„À⧫“¡√Ÿâ ·°àºŸâ¥Ÿ·≈ ‡°’ˬ«°—∫‚√§ °“√√—°…“ √–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ √—°…“ ·≈–º≈¢Õß°“√√—°…“ ‡æ◊ÕË „À⺷Ÿâ ≈‡°‘¥§«“¡‡¢â“„® ·≈–‡ÀÁ𧫓¡ ”§—≠ Õ—π®–𔉪 Ÿà§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π °“√√—°…“µàÕ‰ª 6. ”À√—∫ºŸâªÉ«¬ ∑’Ë∫â“πÕ¬Ÿà‰°≈¡’ªí≠À“„π °“√‡¥‘π∑“ßÀ√◊Õ¡’ªí≠À“∑“߇»√…∞“π– Õ“®™à«¬≈¥ §à“„™â®à“¬‚¥¬π—¥ºŸâªÉ«¬·µà≈–§√—Èß„ÀâÀà“ß°—π¡“°¢÷Èπ ·µà µâÕß¡’°“√™’È·®ß„À⺟âªÉ«¬‡¢â“„®„π·π«∑“ß°“√√—°…“ ·≈–§«“¡ ”§— ≠ ¢Õߧ«“¡√à « ¡¡◊ Õ „π°“√„™â ¬ “¥â « ¬ ‡ ¡Õ 44 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 04-original Article(3) 44 2/4/08, 13:19 √ÿª “‡Àµÿ¢Õߧ«“¡‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“¢Õß ºŸªâ «É ¬‚√§≈¡™—° Õ“®·∫à߇ªì𠓇ÀµÿÀ≈—°‰¥â 5 “‡Àµÿ §◊Õ “‡Àµÿ‡°‘¥®“°µ—«ºŸâªÉ«¬‡Õß “‡Àµÿ®“°‚√§ “‡Àµÿ ®“°¬“ “‡Àµÿ®“°§π∑’Ë¥Ÿ·≈·≈– “‡ÀµÿÕ◊ËπÊ ‚¥¬æ∫ «à“ “‡Àµÿ®“°µ—«ºŸâªÉ«¬∂◊Õ‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ∑’Ë ”§—≠∑’Ë∑”„Àâ ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬‰¡à √à « ¡¡◊ Õ „π°“√„™â ¬ “ ´÷Ë ß à « π„À≠à ® –„Àâ ‡Àµÿº≈«à“‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°°“√≈◊¡ ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“ “‡Àµÿ∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬ ‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬„Àâ‡Àµÿº≈ ∫ÿ§≈“°√ ∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å “¡“√∂ªÑÕß°—πÀ√◊Õ·°â‰¢ªí≠À“¥—ß°≈à“« ‰¥â ‚¥¬µâÕß∑”§«“¡‡¢â“„®ºŸâªÉ«¬·µà≈–√“¬ §âπÀ“ “‡Àµÿ∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ß∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“·≈–„Àâ §”·π–π”ª√÷°…“‡æ◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“„Àâ ·°àºŸâªÉ«¬µàÕ‰ª ´÷Ëß®–𔉪 Ÿàª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈„π°“√√—°…“ µàÕ‰ª ‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 04-original Article(3) 45 2/4/08, 13:19 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 45 Vol. 7 No.1 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π IJM 1. «‘√‘¬“ ‡™◊ÈÕ≈’, ¡»—°¥‘Ï ‡∑’¬¡‡°à“, ÿ«√√≥“ Õ√ÿ≥ æß»å‰æ»“≈ ·≈–§≥–. 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Original Article Fast Track Acute STEMI „π‚√ß欓∫“≈¡À“√“™π§√√“™ ’¡“ πæ.∫—≠™“ ÿ¢Õπ—πµ™—¬, πæ.Õπÿ™‘µ π‘¬¡ªí∑¡– ·ºπ°Õ“¬ÿ√°√√¡ ‚√ß欓∫“≈¡À“√“™π§√√“™ ’¡“ IJM Vol. 7 No.1 ∫∑§—¥¬àÕ «—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å ‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ «‘∏’°“√√—°…“ ·≈–º≈ °“√√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬„π°≈ÿà¡ ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫¬“ streptokinase „π ‚√ß欓∫“≈¡À“√“™π§√√“™ ’¡“ «‘∏’°“√»÷°…“ √«∫√«¡¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬ STEMI ·∫∫‰ª ¢â“ßÀπâ“∑’ˇ¢â“√—∫°“√√—°…“„π‚√ß欓∫“≈¡À“√“™ π§√√“™ ’¡“ µ—ßÈ ·µà «—π∑’Ë 1 情¿“§¡ æ.». 2549› 31 °√°Æ“§¡ æ.». 2549 º≈°“√»÷°…“ ¡’ ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬¡“∑’Ë Àâ Õ ß©ÿ ° ‡©‘ π ‚√ß欓∫“≈ ¡À“√“™π§√√“™ ’¡“¥â«¬Õ“°“√‡®Á∫Àπâ“Õ° 103 √“¬ ‰¥â√—∫°“√«‘π‘®©—¬‡ªìπ STEMI 39 √“¬ ‰¥â√—∫¬“ streptokinase 33 √“¬ ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫¬“¡’Õ“¬ÿ‡©≈’ˬ 62.45 ± 8.5 ªï ‡ªìπ‡æ»™“¬ 20 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 60.6) ªí®®—¬‡ ’¬Ë ß∑’ Ë ”§—≠ §◊Õ‚√§§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß 24 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 72.7) ·≈–°“√ Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë 22 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– ∫∑π” ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥À—«„®‚§‚√π“√’Ë ‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ °“√‡ ’¬™’«µ‘ ∑’ Ë ”§—≠„πª√–‡∑»∑’æË ≤ — π“·≈â«1,2 „πÕ¥’µ ‡™◊ËÕ«à“‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥À—«„®‚§‚√π“√’Ëπà“®–æ∫‰¥âπâÕ¬ „πª√–‡∑»°”≈—ßæ—≤π“ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡™◊ÈÕ™“µ‘ «—≤π∏√√¡ 66.6) median ¢Õß TIMI risk score ‡∑à“°—∫ 5 ¡’§≈◊πË ‰øøÑ“À—«„®‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß„πµ”·Àπàß inferior wall (EKG leads II, III, aVF) 16 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 48.5) door to needle time ‡©≈’ˬ 24.1 ± 11.5 π“∑’, hospital stay ‡©≈’ˬ 7.9 ± 2.6 «—π ¡’ ºŸâ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ√«¡ 4 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 12.12) ¡’¿“«– ·∑√°´âÕπ‚¥¬‡°‘¥À—«„®«“¬ 11 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 33.3) ventricular arrhythmia 5 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 15.14), cardiogenic shock 3 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 9.09) ·≈– major bleeding 1 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 3.0) √ÿª ºŸâªÉ«¬°≈ÿà¡ STEMI ¡’Õ—µ√“°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ ∑’ Ë ßŸ „π‚√ß欓∫“≈¡À“√“™π§√√“™ ’¡“ ‚¥¬ºŸªâ «É ¬ à«π„À≠à∂Ÿ° àßµàÕ¡“®“°‚√ß欓∫“≈™ÿ¡™π °“√ „À⬓≈–≈“¬≈‘Ë¡‡≈◊Õ¥∑’Ë√«¥‡√Á«¡’º≈„π°“√≈¥Õ—µ√“ °“√µ“¬ º≈°“√»÷°…“π’®È ß÷ π—∫ πÿπ„Àâ‚√ß欓∫“≈ §«√¡’·π«∑“ß°“√√—°…“∑’Ë™—¥‡®π ·≈–√–∫∫ àßµàÕ ∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ °“√°‘πÕ¬Ÿà Õ“À“√ µ≈Õ¥®πªí®®—¬‡ ’ˬߵà“ßÊ ‚¥¬ ‡©æ“–Õ¬à“ ß¬‘Ëß„π — ß§¡™π∫∑‰∑¬ ∑’Ë ‡ ªìπ —ߧ¡ ‡°…µ√°√√¡ ®“°°“√»÷°…“„π‚√ß欓∫“≈¡À“√“™ π§√√“™ ’¡“æ∫«à“‚√§À—«„®‚§‚√π“√’ˇªì𠓇Àµÿ¢Õß °“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ 1 „π 5 Õ—π¥—∫·√°¢Õß‚√ß欓∫“≈ Õ’° 46 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 04-original Article(4) 46 2/4/08, 13:19 ∑—È ß ¬— ß ¡’ · π«‚πâ ¡ ‡æ‘Ë ¡ Ÿ ß ¢÷È π ∑ÿ ° ªï ·≈–¡’ · π«‚πâ ¡ §à“„™â®à“¬„π°“√√—°…“欓∫“≈„πºŸâªÉ«¬°≈ÿà¡¥—ß°≈à“« ‡æ‘¡Ë Ÿß¢÷πÈ ¥â«¬ „πºŸâªÉ«¬ STEMI ¡’°“√Õÿ¥µ—π¢ÕßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ‚§‚√π“√’Ë ∑”„À≡ࡒ‡≈◊Õ¥‰ª‡≈’Ȭ߰≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕÀ—«„® ∂â“ ∑‘È߉«âπ“π®–∑”„Àâ°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕÀ—«„®µ“¬„π∑’Ë ÿ¥ „π °“√»÷°…“ Morrow DA ·≈–§≥– æ∫«à“ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’ TIMI risk score ∑’Ë¡’§à“¡“° —¡æ—π∏å°—∫Õ—µ√“°“√µ“¬ ∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ IJM Vol. 7 No.1 √Ÿª∑’Ë 1 · ¥ß TIMI risk score ·≈–Õ—µ√“°“√‡ ’¬™’«µ‘ ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫„πºŸªâ «É ¬∑’‰Ë ¥â·≈–‰¡à‰¥â√∫— reperfusion therapy ®“°°“√»÷°…“¥—ß°≈à“«¬—ßæ∫«à“°“√ reperfusion therapy ¬—ß¡’ à«π„π°“√≈¥Õ—µ√“°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1) ´÷Ëß°“√·°â‰¢¿“«–Õÿ¥µ—π¢ÕßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥¡’ 2 «‘∏’ §◊Õ °“√„À⬓≈–≈“¬≈‘Ë¡‡≈◊Õ¥ À√◊Õ °“√¢¬“¬À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¥â « ¬∫Õ≈≈Ÿ π ·µà ‡ π◊Ë Õ ß®“°‚√ß欓∫“≈¡À“√“™ π§√√“™ ’¡“ °“√¢¬“¬À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥¥â«¬°“√„™â∫Õ≈≈Ÿπ ‰¡à “¡“√∂∑”‰¥âµ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¢âÕ®”°—¥∑“ß ¥â“π∫ÿ§§≈“°√ ·≈–∑√—欓°√¢Õß‚√ß欓∫“≈ ®÷ß¡’ « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 04-original Article(4) 47 2/4/08, 13:19 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 47 ºŸªâ «É ¬°≈ÿ¡à Àπ÷ßË ∑’‰Ë ¥â√∫— °“√√—°…“¥â«¬¬“≈–≈“¬≈‘¡Ë ‡≈◊Õ¥ ´÷Ëß„π‚√ß欓∫“≈„™â¬“ streptokinase „π°“√»÷°…“π’‡È ªìπ°“√»÷°…“„Àâ∑√“∫∂÷ß Õ—µ√“ °“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬„π°≈ÿà¡ STEMI ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫¬“ streptokinase ·≈–ªí®®—¬‡ ’ˬ߄πºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ‚§‚√π“√’Ë „ π°≈ÿà ¡ ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬∑’Ë ‰ ¥â √— ∫ °“√«‘ π‘ ® ©— ¬ «à “ ‡ªì π STEMI „π‚√ß欓∫“≈¡À“√“™π§√√“™ ’¡“ µ≈Õ¥®π »÷°…“∂÷ߪ√–‚¬™πå º≈¢â“߇§’¬ß·≈–§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬ ¢Õß°“√„À⬓ streptokinase Õ’°∑—Èß„π‚√ß欓∫“≈ ¡À“√“™π§√√“™ ’¡“¬—߉¡à‡§¬¡’°“√‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„πºŸªâ «É ¬ °≈ÿà¡¥—ß°≈à“«¡“°àÕπ °“√»÷°…“π’È®÷߇ªìπ·π«∑“ß°“√ æ—≤π“§ÿ≥¿“æ„π°“√√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬°≈ÿà¡ STEMI µàÕ‰ª „πÕ𓧵 IJM Vol. 7 No.1 «‘∏’°“√»÷°…“ ‡ªì π °“√»÷ ° …“ descriptive prospective cross-sectional study „πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√«‘π‘®©—¬«à“ ‡ªì π STEMI ‚¥¬∑”°“√»÷ ° …“ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬„π™à « ߇«≈“ 1 情¿“§¡ æ.». 2549 › 31 °√°Æ“§¡ æ.». 2549 ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˇ¢â“√à«¡°“√»÷°…“µâÕ߉¥â√—∫°“√«‘π‘®©—¬«à“‡ªìπ STEMI‚¥¬Õ“»—¬Õ“°“√‡®Á∫Àπâ“Õ°∑’ˇ¢â“‰¥â°—∫°≈ÿà¡ ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥À—«„®µ’∫‚§‚√π“√’Ë ¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß ¢Õߧ≈◊Ëπ‰øøÑ“À—«„® §◊Õ ST segment elevation µ—Èß·µà 0.1 millivolt ¢÷Èπ‰ª„π limb leads À√◊Õ 0.2 millivolt „π chest leads ‚¥¬‡ª≈’¬Ë πµ”·ÀπàßÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 2 leads ∑’˵‘¥°—π À√◊Õ left bundle branch block (LBBB) ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„À¡àÀ√◊Õ ß —¬®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„À¡à ·≈– ¡’ Õ “°“√‡®Á ∫ ·πà π Àπâ “ Õ°‡°‘ ¥ ¢÷È π ¿“¬„π√–¬–‡«≈“ 12 ™—Ë«‚¡ß à«π exclusion criteria ∑’ Ë ”§—≠„π°“√»÷°…“π’È §◊Õ active internal bleeding ß —¬ aortic dissection ‰¥â√—∫°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß ‰¥â√—∫°“√ºà“µ—¥„À≠àÀ√◊Õ ‰¥â√—∫∫“¥‡®Á∫∑’Ë»’√…–¡“¿“¬„π 2 —ª¥“Àå ß —¬ ‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°„π ¡Õß ¡’ª√–«—µ‘ cerebral hematoma ¡’ ª√–«—µ‘ cerebrovascular accident À√◊Õ transient ischemic attack ¿“¬„π√–¬–‡«≈“ 6 ‡¥◊Õπ prolong cardiopulmonary resuscitation ¡“°°«à“ 10 π“∑’ ß —¬µ—Èߧ√√¿å ‡§¬‰¥â√—∫¬“ streptokinase ¡“°àÕπ ¿“¬„π√–¬–‡«≈“ 2 ªï ·≈–§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß‡°‘π 180/ 110 À√◊յ˔°«à“ 90/60 mmHg ‚¥¬„™â¬“§«∫§ÿ¡ §«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ‰¡à‰¥â ”À√— ∫ ‡°≥±å „ π°“√«‘ π‘ ® ©— ¬ ‚√§‡∫“À«“π (diabetes mellitus) „™âπÈ”µ“≈°àÕπÕ“À“√ fasting blood sugar) > 126 mg/dl À√◊Õ‡§¬‰¥â√—∫°“√«‘π‘®©—¬«à“ ‡ªìπ‡∫“À«“π¡“°àÕπ À√◊Õ µâÕß„™â¬“„π°“√√—°…“‡∫“ À«“π À√◊Õ§«∫§ÿ¡Õ“À“√ §«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß (hypertension) „™â‡°≥±å systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg ·≈–/À√◊Õ diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 2 §√—Èß À√◊Õ ‡§¬‰¥â√—∫°“√«‘π‘®©—¬‡ªì𧫓¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß¡“°àÕπ ‰¢¡—π„π‡≈◊Õ¥ Ÿß „™â‡°≥±å°“√«‘π‘®©—¬µ“¡ National Cholesterol Education Program criteria §◊Õ total cholesterol > 200 mg/dl, LDL > 130 mg/dl, HDL < 40 mg/dl à«π°“√ Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë„™â‡°≥±å ¬—ß¡’°“√ Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’ËÀ√◊Õ‡§¬ Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë¡“°°«à“ 10 ¡«πªï ºŸâªÉ«¬∑ÿ°√“¬µâÕß≈ßπ“¡„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ¬‘π¬Õ¡ ‡¢â“√à«¡°“√»÷°…“ ‚¥¬ºŸâªÉ«¬‡Õß·≈–≠“µ‘∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß “¬µ√ß ·≈–°“√»÷°…“π’ȉ¥âºà“𧫓¡‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫®“° §≥–°√√¡°“√®√‘¬∏√√¡¢Õß‚√ß欓∫“≈·≈â« ¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√»÷°…“ ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√«‘π‘®©—¬ À√◊ÕÕ“°“√‡¢â“‰¥â°—∫ acute coronary syndrome ·≈–∂Ÿ ° à ß µ— « ¡“®“° ‚√ß欓∫“≈Õ◊Ëπ ®–µâÕß¡’°“√ àߧ≈◊Ëπ‰øøÑ“À—«„® ¡“∑“ß‚∑√ “√°àÕπ ‡¡◊ËÕ¡“∂÷ß‚√ß欓∫“≈¡À“√“™ π§√√“™ ’¡“ ·≈–·æ∑¬å«‘π‘®©—¬«à“‡ªìπ acute STEMI ®–¡’°“√‡√‘Ë¡„À⬓ streptokinase ∑—π∑’∑’ËÀâÕß©ÿ°‡©‘π 48 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 04-original Article(4) 48 2/4/08, 13:19 ºŸªâ «É ¬∑’‡Ë ¢â“√à«¡°“√»÷°…“ ®–‰¥â√∫— ¬“ streptokinase 1.5 million units √à«¡°—∫¬“ aspirin 300 mg, enoxaparin 1 mg/kg twice daily ·≈–‰¥â√—∫¬“≈¥ ‰¢¡—𠬓≈¥§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ ·≈–¬“Õ◊ËπÊ µ“¡À≈—° ‡°≥±å∑’Ë°”Àπ¥‰«âµ“¡ guideline ACC/AHA ºŸâªÉ«¬∑ÿ°√“¬®–‰¥â√—∫°“√µ√«®«‘π‘®©—¬·≈– µ‘¥µ“¡°“√√—°…“‚¥¬·æ∑¬åÕ“¬ÿ√°√√¡ ·≈–·æ∑¬å Õ“¬ÿ√°√√¡‡©æ“–∑“ß‚√§À—«„®·≈–À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ºŸâªÉ«¬ ∑ÿ°√“¬®–‰¥â√—∫°“√µ√«®À“ªí®®—¬‡ ’ˬߵà“ßÊ ∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥ ‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥‚§‚√π“√’Ë ‡™àπ ‡∫“À«“𠧫“¡¥—π ‚≈À‘µ Ÿß √–¥—∫‰¢¡—π„π‡≈◊Õ¥ √«¡∑—Èßªí®®—¬‡ ’ˬߵàÕ °“√‡°‘¥‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥‚§‚√π“√’Ë ‚¥¬µ‘¥µ“¡ºŸâªÉ«¬ ®π “¡“√∂ÕÕ°®“°‚√ß欓∫“≈‰¥â Primary endpoint ¢Õß°“√»÷°…“π’ȧ◊Õ °“√ ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ‚¥¬√«¡ (all cause mortality) °“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ ®“°°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕÀ—«„® (fatal myocardial infarction) º≈¢â“߇§’¬ß º≈ ”‡√Á®®“°°“√„™â¬“ steptokinase ·≈– √–¬–‡«≈“∑’ˇ√‘Ë¡„À⬓ streptokinase (door to needle time) „À≠à‡ªìπºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√ àßµàÕ¡“®“°‚√ß欓∫“≈ ™ÿ¡™π∂÷ß 92 √“¬ àßµàÕ¡“®“°‚√ß欓∫“≈ª√–®” ®—ßÀ«—¥„°≈⇧’¬ß ·≈–‚√ß欓∫“≈‡Õ°™π√«¡ 4 √“¬ ºŸâªÉ«¬¡“®“°∫â“π‡Õß 7 √“¬ ‰¥â√—∫°“√«‘π‘®©—¬«à“‡ªìπ acute STEMI ·≈–„À⬓ streptokinase 33 √“¬ ¥—ß·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘ IJM °“√·ª√º≈∑“ß ∂‘µ‘„™â§à“‡©≈’ˬ (means) √à«¡°—∫ §à“‡©≈’ˬ‡∫’ˬ߇∫π¡“µ√∞“π (SD) „π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’ˇªìπ§à“ ·®ßπ—∫„™â §à“°≈“ß (median) °“√«‘‡§√“–Àå∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ „™â‚ª√·°√¡ SPSS version 10 „π°“√‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ º≈°“√»÷°…“ „π™à«ß‡«≈“ 1 情¿“§¡ æ.». 2549 - 31 °√°Æ“§¡ æ.». 2549 ¡’ºªŸâ «É ¬¡“ÀâÕß©ÿ°‡©‘π‚√ß欓∫“≈ ¡À“√“™π§√√“™ ’¡“¥â«¬Õ“°“√‡®Á∫·πàπÀπâ“Õ°∑’ˇ¢â“ ‰¥â°—∫°≈ÿà¡Õ“°“√À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥‚§‚√π“√’Ë·≈– ß —¬‡ªìπ acute myocardial infarction √«¡ 103 √“¬ à«π „πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√«‘π‘®©—¬«à“‡ªìπ STEMI ·≈–‰¥â√∫— ¬“≈–≈“¬≈‘¡Ë ‡≈◊Õ¥ (streptokinase) √«¡∑—ßÈ ‘πÈ 33 √“¬ ‚¥¬ºŸâªÉ«¬ à«π„À≠à‡ªìπ‡æ»™“¬∂÷ß 20 √“¬ ºŸªâ «É ¬¡’Õ“°“√‡®Á∫Àπâ“Õ°°àÕπ¡“‚√ß欓∫“≈ ‡©≈’¬Ë 5.9 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ·≈– à«π„À≠à‰¥â√—∫°“√ àßµ—«°“√√—°…“¡“®“° ‚√ß欓∫“≈™ÿ¡™π„π‡¢µ®—ßÀ«—¥π§√√“™ ’¡“ à«π ªí®®—¬‡ ’ˬß∑’Ë ”§—≠„πºŸâªÉ«¬°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë»÷°…“§◊Õ §«“¡¥—π ‚≈À‘µ Ÿß 24 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 72.72) ·≈–°“√ Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë À√◊Õ‡§¬ Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë¡“°àÕπ 22 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 66.7) ºŸâªÉ«¬ °≈ÿà¡π’È¡’§à“ TIMI score median ‡∑à“°—∫ 5 ¥—ß„π µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 ·≈– 2 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 04-original Article(4) 49 2/4/08, 13:19 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 49 Vol. 7 No.1 °“√«‘‡§√“–Àå∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 Baseline characteristics Baseline characteristics IJM Vol. 7 No.1 Age (means + SD) ªï < 45 45-54 55-64 65-74 >75 Male DM Blood sugar (admission) means Hypertension History of IHD or stroke Smoking Dyslipidemia LDL (means+ SD) HDL (means+ SD) Triglyceride (means+SD) Number risk factor 0 1 2 >3 BMI : men Women Waist : men Women Number ( n = 33 ) 62.45+8.5 0 4 (12.12%) 14 (42.42%) 12 (36.36%) 3 (9.09%) 20(60.6%) 8 (24.24%) 163.5+ 70.13 mg/dl 24 (72.72%) 8 (17%) 22 ( 66.67%) 10 ( 30.30%) 123.93+40.6 mg/dl 42+12.7 mg/dl 185.78+62.7 mg/dl 4 (12.12%) 7 (21.21%) 14 (42.42%) 8 (24.24%) 22.85+3.21 Kg/m2 23.07+3.69 Kg/m2 84.1+12.07 cm 79.46+9.7 cm 50 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 04-original Article(4) 50 2/4/08, 13:19 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 TIMI score TIMI score <3 3 4 5 6 7 8 >8 Median 5 Number ( n = 33 ) (%) 4 (12.1%) 6 (18.2%) 6 (18.2%) 6 (18.2%) 7 (21.2%) 2 ( 6.1%) 0 2 ( 6.1%) ”À√—∫§≈◊πË ‰øøÑ“À—«„®„πºŸªâ «É ¬°≈ÿ¡à π’È à«π „À≠à¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß„πµ”·Àπàß inferior wall √«¡ ∑—Èß ‘Èπ 16 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 48.5) ‚¥¬ºŸâªÉ«¬„π°≈ÿà¡ inferior wall ¡’§≈◊Ëπ‰øøÑ“À—«„® lead V3R ,V4R ‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß ( right ventricular infarction ) 3 √“¬ À√◊Õ¡’∑—Èß inferior wall infarction √à«¡°—∫ RV infarction ·≈– complete heart block √«¡∑—Èß ‘Èπ 4 √“¬ ¥—ß„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 IJM µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 EKG changes Vol. 7 No.1 EKG ( wall ) Inferior wall Inferior wall + RV infarction Inferior wall + RV infarction + heart block Anterioseptal wall Anterior-lateral wall Lateral wall Total Number (n=33) (%) 9 (27.27%) 3 (9.09%) 4 (12.12%) 9 (27.27%) 6 (18.18%) 2 (6.06%) 33 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 04-original Article(4) 51 2/4/08, 13:20 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 51 ºŸâªÉ«¬°≈ÿà¡π’È “¡“√∂‰¥â√—∫¬“ streptokinase √–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ 24.1 π“∑’ ( door to needle time 24.1 ± 11.5 π“∑’ ·≈–¡’√–¬–‡«≈“°“√πÕπ‚√ß欓∫“≈ 7.9 ± 2.6 «—π ¥—ßµ“√“ß∑’Ë 4 IJM Vol. 7 No.1 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 4 Door to needle time and hospital stay „πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë„À⬓ streptokinase „π°“√»÷°…“π’È ®“°∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 33 √“¬ ¡’ºŸâªÉ«¬‡ ’¬™’«‘µ„π¢≥–Õ¬Ÿà ‚√ß欓∫“≈√«¡∑—Èß ‘Èπ 4 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 12.1) ‚¥¬ ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ√–À«à“ß„À⬓ streptokinase 1 √“¬ ‡π◊ËÕß®“° cardiogenic shock ºŸâªÉ«¬Õ’° 2 √“¬ ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ®“° arrhythmia (sudden ventricular tachycardia) „π «—π·√°¢Õß°“√πÕπ‚√ß欓∫“≈ ·≈–ºŸâªÉ«¬Õ’° 1 √“¬ ‡ ’¬™’«‘µ®“°ªÕ¥Õ—°‡ ∫ À≈—ß®“°πÕπ‚√ß欓∫“≈ 18 «—π (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 5) ·≈–À≈—ß®“°°“√„À⬓ streptokinase ·≈⫺ŸâªÉ«¬Õ“°“√‰¡à¥’¢÷Èπ ¡’‡®Á∫·πàπÀπâ“Õ°Õ¬Ÿà ¡’§≈◊Ëπ‰øøÑ“À—«„®( EKG )‰¡à¥’¢÷ÈπÀ√◊Õ vital sign ‰¡à stable ®”‡ªìπµâÕ߉ª∑” rescue PCI ®”π«π∑—Èß ‘Èπ 5 √“¬ ‚¥¬ºŸâªÉ«¬ 5 √“¬π’È ¡’‡ ’¬™’«‘µ 1 √“¬ ®“° arrhythmia „π°“√»÷°…“π’È ¡’ºŸâªÉ«¬‰¥â√—∫°“√ «πÀ—«„® ·∫∫ early elective PCI (PCI in few day after thrombolysis ) ®”π«π 16 √“¬ à«πºŸâªÉ«¬Õ’° 6 √“¬ ‰¥â√—∫°“√ «πÀ—«„®·∫∫ elective PCI „π¿“¬À≈—ß º≈¢â“߇§’¬ß®“°°“√„À⬓ streptokinase ¡’ ºŸâªÉ«¬‡≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ° 5 √“¬ ‚¥¬ºŸâªÉ«¬ 4 √“¬ ‡ªìπ‡≈◊Õ¥ ÕÕ°‡≈Á°πâÕ¬·≈–‰¡àµâÕß„Àâ‡≈◊Õ¥„π°“√√—°…“ ‡™àπ ‡≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ°µ“¡√Ÿ‡¢Á¡·∑ßπÈ”‡°≈◊Õ À√◊Õ„ à NG tube ‰¥â coffee ground à«πºŸâªÉ«¬Õ’° 1 √“¬π—ÈπµâÕß„Àâ‡≈◊Õ¥ „π°“√√—°…“ ‚¥¬ºŸªâ «É ¬‰¥â√∫— °“√«‘π®‘ ©—¬‡ªìπ upper GI bleeding ¿“¬À≈—߉¥â√—∫°“√∑” esophagogastroscope º≈‡ªìπ gastric ulcer (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 5) „π√–À«à“ß°“√„À⬓ streptokinase ¡’ºŸâªÉ«¬ 9 √“¬ ¡’§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ≈¥µË”°«à“ 90 /60 mmHg ·≈–¡’Õ“°“√‰¢âÀπ“« —Ëπ §≈◊Ëπ‰ âÕ“‡®’¬π 1 √“¬ ·µà ¿“¬À≈—ß°“√„Àâ “√πÈ”À√◊Õ„À⬓ hydrocortisone À√◊Õ ¬“·°âÕ“‡®’¬π ºŸªâ «É ¬∑ÿ°√“¬ “¡“√∂„À⬓ streptokinase µàÕ®π§√∫‰¥â∑ÿ°√“¬ ¥—ß„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 5 52 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 04-original Article(4) 52 2/4/08, 13:20 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 5 Primary outcome IJM ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ baseline characteristics „π ºŸâªÉ«¬°≈ÿà¡π’È°—∫°“√»÷°…“°àÕπÀπâ“π’È Euro heart survey ACS, BLITZ study, Grace study ·≈– ºŸâªÉ«¬ STEMI „π‚√ß欓∫“≈»‘ √‘ √ “™ æ∫«à “ ‰¡à ¡’ § «“¡ ·µ°µà“ß°—π ‚¥¬ºŸªâ «É ¬¡’Õ“¬ÿ‡©≈’¬Ë ª√–¡“≥ 60 ªï ªí®®—¬ ‡ ’ˬß∑’Ë ”§—≠§◊Õ§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿßæ∫√âÕ¬≈– 50-60 à«π‡∫“À«“πæ∫‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– 20›30 „π°“√»÷°…“π’È ºŸâªÉ«¬ à«πÀπ÷Ë߉¡à‡§¬µ√«®√à“ß°“¬À√◊Õµ√«®‡≈◊Õ¥ ¡“°àÕπ ·≈–æ∫«à“‡ªì𧫓¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ Ÿß ‡∫“À«“π À√◊Õ‰¢¡—π„π‡≈◊Õ¥ Ÿß ¿“¬À≈—ß ∂÷ß 8 √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– 24.24) „π°“√»÷°…“π’ȺŸâªÉ«¬¡’ TIMI risk score §à“ median 5 ´÷Ë߇¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√»÷°…“°àÕπÀπâ“π’È Moro DA ·≈–§≥– æ∫«à“∑’Ë TIMI risk score 5 ¡’ Õ—µ√“µ“¬ª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 19 „π°≈ÿà¡ no reperfusion ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 10 „π°≈ÿ¡à reperfusion ‚¥¬„π°“√»÷°…“π’È „™â¬“ streptokinase ¡’Õ—µ√“µ“¬ª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 12 ¥—ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 04-original Article(4) 53 2/4/08, 13:20 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 53 Vol. 7 No.1 ∫∑«‘®“√≥å √âÕ¬≈– No Reperfusio Maharat √Ÿª∑’Ë 2 Mortality rate ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫Õ—µ√“µ“¬°—∫°“√»÷°…“ Euro heart survey Õ—µ√“µ“¬√âÕ¬≈– 7, BLITZ study Õ—µ√“ µ“¬√âÕ¬≈– 7 , GRACE study Õ—µ√“µ“¬√âÕ¬≈– 7 ·≈– STEMI „π‚√ß欓∫“≈»‘√‘√“™ Õ—µ√“µ“¬√âÕ¬≈– 13 ¥—ß √Ÿª∑’Ë 3 IJM Vol. 7 No.1 √âÕ¬≈– √Ÿª∑’Ë 3 Mortality rate µ“¡ ACC/AHA guideline STEMI °“√„À⬓ thrombolytic drugs ‡¡◊ËÕª√–‡¡‘π door to needle time µâÕßπâÕ¬°«à“ 30 π“∑’ „π°“√»÷°…“π’È door to needle time ‡©≈’ˬ 24.1 + 11.5 π“∑’ ·≈–„À⬓¿“¬„π 30 π“∑’ ‰¥â√âÕ¬≈– 75.76 ¥—ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 54 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 04-original Article(4) 54 2/4/08, 13:20 π“∑’ √Ÿª∑’Ë 4 Door to needle time „π·µà≈–°“√»÷°…“ √ÿª « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 04-original Article(4) 55 2/4/08, 13:20 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 55 Vol. 7 No.1 ºŸâªÉ«¬°≈ÿà¡ STEMI ¡’Õ—µ√“°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ∑’Ë Ÿß „π‚√ß欓∫“≈¡À“√“™π§√√“™ ’ ¡ “ ‚¥¬ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬ à«π„À≠à∂Ÿ° àßµàÕ¡“®“°‚√ß欓∫“≈™ÿ¡™π °“√„Àâ ¬“≈–≈“¬≈‘¡Ë ‡≈◊Õ¥∑’√Ë «¥‡√Á«¡’º≈„π°“√≈¥Õ—µ√“°“√µ“¬ º≈°“√»÷ ° …“π’È ®÷ ß π— ∫ πÿ π „Àâ ‚ √ß欓∫“≈§«√¡’ ·π«∑“ß°“√√— ° …“∑’Ë ™— ¥ ‡®π ·≈–√–∫∫ à ß µà Õ ∑’Ë ¡’ ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ IJM à«π “‡Àµÿ∑’Ë “¡“√∂„À⬓‰¥âÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«π—Èπ ‡°‘¥®“° ¡’°“√ àߧ≈◊Ëπ‰øøÑ“À—«„®¡“∑“ß‚∑√ “√®“° ™ÿ¡™π ·≈–¡’°“√‚∑√»—æ∑åª√– “πß“π°—π≈à«ßÀπâ“ °àÕπ∑’Ë®– àߺŸâªÉ«¬¡“√—°…“µàÕ ·µà∑—Èßπ’Ȭ—߉¡à “¡“√∂ °√–∑”‰¥â „ π∑ÿ ° ‚√ß欓∫“≈™ÿ ¡ ™π„π‡¢µ®— ß À«— ¥ π§√√“™ ’¡“ ®÷ß∑”„Àâ„πºŸâªÉ«¬∫“ß√“¬‰¡à “¡“√∂„Àâ ¬“≈–≈“¬≈‘¡Ë ‡≈◊Õ¥‰¥â∑π— ¿“¬„π‡«≈“ 30 π“∑’ ®÷ß®”‡ªìπ Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß∑’˵âÕß¡’°“√æ—≤π“„π√–∫∫°“√ àßµàÕºŸâªÉ«¬ µàÕ‰ª IJM Vol. 7 No.1 ∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ 1. Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, et al .ACC/AHA guidelinesfor the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial Infarction- executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (writing committee to revise the 1999 guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:671-719. 2. Antonio DC, Francesco C, Stefano S, et al. Epidemiology of acute myocardial infarction in Italian CCU network. The BLITZ Study. Euro Heart J 2003 ;24 ; 1616-29. 3. Hasdai D, Behar S, Wallentin L, et al. The Euro Heart Survey of Acute Coronary Syndromes (Euro Heart Survey ACS). Eur Heart J 2002; 23; 1190-201. 4. Morrow DA, Antman EM, Charlesworth A, et al. TIMI risk score for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A convenient, bedside, clinical score for risk assessment at presentation: 5. 6. 7. 8. An intravenous rt-PA for treatment of infarcting myocardium early II trial substudy. Circulation 2000;102:2031-37. Philippe GS, Robert JG, Joel MG, et al. Baseline characteristics, management practices, and in-hospital outcome of patients hospitalzed with acute coronary syndromes in Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). Am J Cardio 2002 : 90:358-63 Roger WJ, Bowlby LJ, Chandra NC, et al. United States [1990 to1993] Observations from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 1994;90:2103-14. Sittivarakul P, Phankingthongkum R. Clinical characteristic management strategies, inhospital outcome, and predictors of death in patients STEMI in Siriraj Hospital. Thai Heart Journal. 2549;19:15-23. World Health Organization. World Health Report 1999: Making a difference. Geneva : World Organization, 1999. 56 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 04-original Article(4) 56 2/4/08, 13:20 Morbidity - Mortality Conference Tetanus æ≠.«—π«√ÿ≥ æÿà¡™ÿ¡æ≈ 1, √».πæ. ¡»—°¥‘Ï ‡∑’¬¡‡°à“ 2, º».πæ.™≈∏‘ª æß»å °ÿ≈ 3, √».πæ.¿‘√ÿ≠ ¡ÿµ ‘°æ—π∏å 4, √».æ≠.𑵬“ ©¡“¥≈ 5, º».æ≠.‡Õ◊ÈÕ¡·¢ ÿ¢ª√–‡ √‘∞ 6 1 5 ·æ∑¬åª√–®”∫â“π, 2 “¢“«‘™“ª√– “∑«‘∑¬“, 3 “¢“«‘™“‚√§‰µ·≈–‰µ‡∑’¬¡, 4 “¢“«‘™“‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ·≈–‡«™»“ µ√凢µ√âÕπ ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å, ¿“§«‘™“√—ß ’«‘∑¬“, 6 “¢“‚√§¡–‡√Áß«‘∑¬“∑“ßÕ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ºŸâªÉ«¬™“¬ Õ“¬ÿ 70 ªï ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà Õ”‡¿Õ∫â“π‰ºà ®—ßÀ«—¥¢Õπ·°àπ Admission date 26 ‡¡…“¬π æ.».2550 Õ“°“√ ”§—≠ : ‡®Á∫§Õ °≈◊πÕ“À“√≈”∫“° ÀÕ∫‡Àπ◊ËÕ¬¡“ 3 «—π ª√–«—µ‘ªí®®ÿ∫—π : OPD GP note : ª√–«—µ‘‰Õ·Àâß Ê ¡“ 1 ªï ·≈–‰Õ¡’‡ ¡À– 3 «—π ‰¡à¡‰’ ¢â PE: BP 130/70 mmHg, PR 72 /min , increase AP diameter, lung: poor air entry, generalized rhonchi & expiratory wheezing, normal heart sound §‘¥∂÷ß COPD àß∑” pulmonary function test À≈—ß∑” BP 130/60 mmHg,O2sat 96%, PR 85/min (irregular), RR 20/min àߪ√÷°…“ ·æ∑¬å‡«√Õ“¬ÿ√°√√¡∑’Ë OPD AE ¥â«¬‡√◊ËÕß dyspnea ·≈– irregular HR « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 05-MM 57 2/4/08, 13:20 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 57 Vol. 7 No.1 ª√–«—µ‘‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡ IJM 3 «—π°àÕπ¡“‚√ß欓∫“≈ ‰¢âµË”Ê ‰Õ ‡Àπ◊ËÕ¬ ÀÕ∫ πÕπ√“∫‰¥â ‰¡à‡®Á∫Àπâ“Õ° 2 «—π°àÕπ¡“‚√ß欓∫“≈ ¡’Õ“°“√‡®Á∫§Õ §“ß∫«¡ ª«¥ °≈◊πÕ“À“√≈”∫“° Õ⓪“°‰¡à‰¥â πÈ”≈“¬ ‰À≈µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ À“¬„®‰¡à –¥«° ‡Àπ◊ËÕ¬ÀÕ∫¡“°¢÷Èπ ¡◊Õ®’∫‡°√Áß 2 ¢â“ß OPD AE note : dyspnea, BP 172/72 mmHg, BT 36.7 ÌC, PR 48/min (irregular), RR 24/min, O2 sat 92%, lung: poor air entry, generalize expiratory rhonchi both lungs & expiratory wheezing both lower lungs, heart : irregular heart rate, no murmur, no neck vein engorgement, no murmur, diagnosis : COPD with exacerbation with PVC „Àâ°“√ √—°…“ O2 canular 3 LPM, æà𬓠beradual 1 nebule ·≈– ventolin 2 nebule, Õ“°“√‰¡à¥’¢÷Èπ ®÷ߪ√÷°…“ ·æ∑¬å‡«√·ºπ°Õ“¬ÿ√°√√¡ Medicine AE note : PE : trismus, no Chovstek sign, lung : wheezing & fine crepitation both lungs, heart : normal S1S2, no murmur, right hand spasm Relevant history : ‚¥π≈«¥Àπ“¡¡’ π‘¡ ∫“¥¡◊Õ¢«“ ‡¡◊ËÕµâπ‡¥◊Õπ‡¡…“¬π æ.». 2550 ‰ª ∂“π’ Õ π“¡— ¬ ‰¥â ≈â “ ß·º≈·≈–©’ ¥ «— § ´’ π ªÑ Õ ß°— π ∫“¥∑–¬—° 1 ‡¢Á¡ ªØ‘‡ ∏‚√§ª√–®”µ—«Õ◊ËπÊ Diagnosis : 1. Upper airway obstruction ®÷ߪ√÷°…“·æ∑¬å ENT 2. Tetanus ENT note : PE : marked swelling of floor of mouth, submandibular & submental area, soft consistency, drooling of saliva, marked poor oral hygiene, lower dental caries, inter-incisor distance 1.5 cm Diagnosis : Ludwigûs angina cause upper airway obstruction °“√√—°…“„π‚√ß欓∫“≈ Admit ward 5ß : √— ° …“¥â « ¬°“√ºà “ µ— ¥ ©ÿ°‡©‘π‚¥¬°“√∑” incision and drainage ∑—π∑’ º≈ °“√ºà“µ—¥æ∫¡’ marked swelling of floor of mouth, reddish mucosa, submental & submandibular area swelling & necrosis of subcutaneous À≈—ßºà“µ—¥ „À⬓µâ“π®ÿ≈™’懪ìπ augmentin 1.2 °√—¡©’¥∑“ß À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥¥”∑ÿ° 8 ™—Ë«‚¡ß Investigation ·√°√—∫∑’Ë ”§—≠ IJM Vol. 7 No.1 CBC : Hb 13.6 g/dl, Hct 40%, Wbc 13000 cells/mm3 (N 89.7%, L 5.7%, M 4%), Plt 257,000 cells/mm3 Blood chemistry: BS 133 mg/dl , Bun/Cr 12.8/ 1.2 mg/dl Electrolyte : Na 137, K 3.8, HCO3 26.3, Cl 103 mEq/L, Ca 8.2, PO4 2.8, Mg 2.4 mg/dl LFT : Chol 216 mg/dl, Alb 3.7, Glo 2.9 g/dl, TB 0.6, DB 0.1 mg/dl, ALT 34, AST 40, ALP 78 U/L CXR : no pulmonary infiltration ABG (canula 3 LPM) : pH 7.43 , PaO2 79, PaCO2 34, HCO3 24, Sat O2 96% Anti HIV : non-reactive °“√¥”‡π‘π‚√§„π‚√ß欓∫“≈ Post operation day 1 : on ET tube & Birdûs respirator Õ⓪“°‰¥âπâÕ¬ ·º≈´÷¡¡“° ÀÕ∫‡Àπ◊ËÕ¬ ‰¢â Ÿß PE: BT 38.7 ÌC, wheezing both lungs, floor of mouth : minimal bleeding, swelling and necrotic tissue ‡Õ°´å ‡ √¬å ª Õ¥‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬¡’ bronchospasm µ≈Õ¥ ®÷ߪ√÷°…“·æ∑¬å√–∫∫∑“߇¥‘π À“¬„®µ√«®æ∫¡’ loss of right dome diaphragm with sign of volume loss Diagnosis : RLL atelectasis „Àâ continue augmentin ‡Àµÿ º ≈‡æ√“–§√Õ∫§≈ÿ ¡ community acquired pneumonia ∑—Èß anaerobe, gram positive ·≈– H. influenzae ‰¥â¥’ Day 4 ¡’ªí≠À“ septic shock ·≈– acute renal failure, BP 80/50 mmHg, BT 40.9 ÌC , BUN/Cr 26.8/2.8 mg/dl, cut down CVP = 5 cmH2O „Àâ °“√√—°…“‚¥¬ load 0.9% NSS, ‡ª≈’ˬπ antibiotic ‡ªìπ tazocin 4.5 °√—¡ ©’¥∑“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥¥”∑ÿ° 8 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ·≈–ª√÷°…“·æ∑¬å‡«√Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å „Àâ°“√ √—°…“‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡ ‚¥¬„Àâ levophed titrate dose keep BP > 90/60 mmHg ¬â“¬≈ß SICU, on volume respirator : TV 450 cc, FiO21.0 , RR 16/min 22:00 π. ¡’ AF with rapid ventricular response, rate160/min, BP 64/34 mmHg §‘¥∂÷ß secondary AF ®“° infection ·≈– levophed ‰¥â „Àâ°“√√—°…“‚¥¬ defibrillation synconized 100j ·≈– 150 j , cordarone 150 mg iv drip in 30 min , then 300 mg iv drip in 5 hr, then 600 mg iv drip in 20 hr ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬‰¥â √— ∫ °“√ª√–‡¡‘ π „À¡à ® “°À— « Àπâ “ ·æ∑¬å‡«√Õ“¬ÿ√°√√¡‡π◊ÕË ß®“°¡’ª√–«—µ‰‘ ¢â ‡®Á∫§Õ °≈◊π Õ“À“√≈”∫“° §“ß∫«¡ Õ⓪“°‰¡à‰¥â πÈ”≈“¬‰À≈ µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ ≈”µ—«·≈–¡◊Õ‡°√Áß poor dental hygiene µ√«®√à“ß°“¬ : æ∫ trismus ·≈– spasticity §‘¥∂÷ß 58 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 05-MM 58 2/4/08, 13:20 tetanus ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‰¥â„Àâ°“√√—°…“‚¥¬ TAT (human) 4,000 IU IM, valium ¢π“¥ 10 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡∑“ߪ“° ∑ÿ° 4 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ·≈– PGS 3 ≈â“π¬Ÿπ‘µ©’¥∑“ßÀ≈Õ¥ ‡≈◊Õ¥¥”∑ÿ° 4 ™—Ë«‚¡ß Day 5 ª√— ∫ ¢π“¥ valium ·≈– trachium µ“¡ Õ“°“√‡°√Áß ‰¢â≈¥≈ß BP stable, wean off dopamine ·≈– levophed ‰¥â·µà APD √—Ë«´÷¡µ≈Õ¥®÷ß„ÀâÀ¬ÿ¥ °“√∑” APD ‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ·≈–«“ß·ºπ∑” CVVH ·∑π Day 12-14 Day 15 Õ“°“√‰¡à¥’¢÷Èπ ≠“µ‘¢Õ°≈—∫∫â“π‡«≈“ 8:00 π. Day 7 ¡’ªí≠À“ APD ¢“¥∑ÿπµ≈Õ¥ ‡√‘Ë¡¡’ volume overload ·≈– hyperkalemia BUN/Cr 70.2/8.0 mg/ dl, K 5.3 mEq/L, CVP 17 cmH2O·≈–∑” APD §√∫ 3 «—π ®÷ߪ√÷°…“»—≈¬°√√¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ«“ß “¬ CAPD ‚¥¬ ‡ªî¥ run ·∫∫ APD ·≈–„Àâ kalimate ‡æ◊ËÕ√—°…“ hyperkalemia ºŸâªÉ«¬¡’Õ“°“√‡°√Áß¡“°¢÷Èπ®÷߉¥â„Àâ trachium 25 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡©’¥∑“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥¥”∑ÿ° 6 ™—«Ë ‚¡ß ·≈–‡æ‘Ë¡¢π“¥ valium ‡ªìπ 30 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡µàÕ™—Ë«‚¡ß «‘®“√≥å ª√– “∑·æ∑¬å „πºŸªâ «É ¬√“¬π’¡È °’ “√«‘π®‘ ©—¬·¬°‚√§ 2 ‚√§ §◊Õ Ludwigûs angina ·≈– tetanus Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡‡¡◊ËÕ ¥Ÿ®“°ª√–«—µ‘ tetanus ‡ªìπ‚√§∑’˵âÕߧ‘¥∂÷ß¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‡æ√“–Õ“°“√·≈–Õ“°“√· ¥ßµà“ß Ê ∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√´—° ª√–«—µ·‘ ≈–µ√«®√à“ß°“¬‰¥â§Õà π¢â“ß™—¥‡®π ‡™àπ Õ⓪“° ‰¡à‰¥â πÈ”≈“¬‰À≈ ·≈– trismus « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 05-MM 59 2/4/08, 13:20 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 59 Vol. 7 No.1 ¡’ªí≠À“ septic shock ‰¢â Ÿß BT 38.4 ÌC, BP 80/50 mmHg, CVP 11 cmH2O, septic work up „À¡à ‰¡àæ∫ source of infection sputum culture (30/4/50): Pseudomonas aeruginosa ·≈– Enterobacter, ‰«µàÕ¬“ ceftazidime, tazocin ®÷߇ª≈’Ë¬π¬“µâ“π®ÿ≈™’æ ®“° meropenem ‡ªìπ ceftazidime „Àâ dopamine, levophed, ·≈– adrenaline, titrate dose µ“¡ BP ¡’ ªí≠À“‰µ«“¬¡“°¢÷Èπ BUN/Cr 125.8/13.2 mg/dl ¡’ uremic symptom, volume overload ·≈– K 6.1 mEq/L, EKG ¡’ tall peak T √—°…“‚¥¬„Àâ 10% Ca gluconate, 7.5% NaHCO3, RI ·≈– glucose ·≈– kalimate ª√÷°…“Õ“¬ÿ√·æ∑¬å “¢“‚√§‰µ §‘¥«à“ ‰¡à “¡“√∂∑” CVVH ‰¥â ‡π◊ËÕß®“°§«“¡¥—π¢Õß ºŸªâ «É ¬‰¡à§ß∑’Ë ®÷ß„Àâ°“√√—°…“‚¥¬æ¬“¬“¡∑” APD µàÕ IJM ‰¥â ª √÷ ° …“ª√– “∑·æ∑¬å µ √«®√à “ ß°“¬æ∫ ¡’ risus sardonicus, generalized muscle rigidity, abdominal guarding with spasm ‡¢â“‰¥â°—∫ tetanus „Àâ°“√√—°…“‚¥¬°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢π“¥ valium ‡ªìπ 180 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡µàÕ«—π ·≈–ª√—∫¢π“¥¬“µ“¡Õ“°“√‡°√Áß ¡’ ªí≠À“ septic shock BP 80/40 mmHg, BT 39 ÌC ‰¥âª√÷°…“·æ∑¬å “¢“‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ‰¥â septic work up „À¡à CXR æ∫ infiltration ∫√‘‡«≥ RLL, diagnosis pneumonia RLL with septic shock ®÷߇ª≈’Ë¬π ¬“µâ“π®ÿ≈™’懪ìπ meropenem 1 °√—¡©’¥∑“ßÀ≈Õ¥ ‡≈◊Õ¥¥”∑ÿ° 12 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ·≈–‡ª≈’Ë¬π¬“µâ“π®ÿ≈™’æ„π °“√√—°…“ tetanus ‡ªìπ metronidazole 500 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡ ©’¥∑“ßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥¥”∑ÿ° 12 ™—Ë«‚¡ß „Àâ IV fluid, dopamine ·≈– levophed µàÕ¡“¡’¿“«– rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure ¡“°¢÷Èπ BUN/Cr 46.9/6.5 mg/dl, CK 20,933 U/L ‰¥âª√÷°…“·æ∑¬å “¢“‚√§ ‰µ„Àâ°“√√—°…“‚¥¬∑” acute peritorenal dalysis (APD) ·µà¢“¥∑ÿπ 1,300 ´’´’µàÕ«—π Day 8-11 Vol. 7 No.1 IJM „πºŸâªÉ«¬√“¬π’È ·æ∑¬å‡«√Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å ∑’Ë ER §‘¥∂÷ß‚√§π’ȵ—Èß·µàµâπ ·µà‰¡à‰¥â„Àâ°“√√—°…“ ‡π◊ËÕß®“° ºŸâªÉ«¬‰¥â admit ‰ª·ºπ° ENT §«“¡®√‘ߧ«√„Àâ°“√ √—°…“‰ªæ√âÕ¡°—π∑—Èß 2 ‚√§ „π·ßà°“√√—°…“ tetanus πÕ°®“° TAT ·≈– ¬“µâ“π®ÿ≈™’æ·≈â« °“√„Àâ valium ‡ªìπ°“√√—°…“∑’Ë ”§—≠‡æ◊ÕË ªÑÕß°—π°“√‡°‘¥ rhabdomyolysis ·≈– ARF ´÷Ëß√“¬π’ȉ¥â¢π“¥πâÕ¬„π™à«ß·√° ”À√—∫ trachium ´÷Ë߇ªìπ muscle relaxant §«√À≈’°‡≈’Ë¬ß ∂â“ “¡“√∂„Àâ valium high dose ·≈â« §«∫§ÿ¡Õ“°“√‡°√Á߉¥â ‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√ª√–‡¡‘π°“√ √—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬®”‡ªìπµâÕßÕ“»—¬§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ ·≈–√–¥—∫°“√√Ÿâ ÷°µ—«∑’Ë¥’ ·µà∂Ⓣ¡à “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ¡ °“√‡°√Áߥ⫬ valium‰¥â °Á “¡“√∂„Àâ trachium ‰¥â ·µà‡¡◊ËÕÕ“°“√¥’¢÷Èπ§«√√’∫ tape off trachium ‡æ◊ËÕ ª√–‚¬™πåª√–‡¡‘π°“√√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬ °“√ª√–‡¡‘π°“√ ‡°√Á ß π—È π µâ Õ ßª√–‡¡‘ π „π¢≥–πÕπæ— ° ·≈–‡¡◊Ë Õ ∂Ÿ ° °√–µÿâπ ´÷Ëß®”‡ªìπµâÕߧ«∫§ÿ¡Õ“°“√‡°√Áß„À≥â∑—Èß 2 ¿“«– ARF „πºŸâªÉ«¬√“¬π’ȇ°‘¥®“° rhabdomyolysis ·≈–¿“«– prerenal ®“°°“√∑’Ë loss volume ‰ª„π extravascular compartment ‡™àπ„π°≈â“¡‡π◊ÕÈ ∑’∫Ë «¡ ·≈– soft tissue Õ◊Ëπ Ê ®“°¿“«– septic shock ÿ¥∑⓬ àߺ≈„Àâ¡’¿“«– volume overload ·≈– hyperkalemia °“√√—°…“ rhabdomyolysis ‡πâπ∑’Ë°“√·°â‰¢ “‡Àµÿ §«√§«∫§ÿ¡°“√‡°‘¥ muscle spasm „À≥â√«¥‡√Á« °“√√—°…“ hyperkalemia «‘∏’°“√∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ ∑’Ë ÿ ¥ „πºŸâ ªÉ « ¬√“¬π’È §◊ Õ °“√∑” hemodialysis ·µà ‡π◊ËÕß®“°ºŸâªÉ«¬§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µµ°‰¥â√—∫ high dose vasopressor ‰¡à “¡“√∂∑” hemodialysis À√◊Õ CVVH ‰¥â ®÷ß∑”‡ªìπ peritoneal dialysis ·µà‡ªìπ«‘∏’∑’Ë≈¥ potassium ‰¥â‰¡à¥‡’ ∑à“°“√∑” hemodialysis À√◊Õ CVVH Õ“¬ÿ√·æ∑¬å “¢“‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ √ÿª ¬“µâ“π®ÿ≈™’æ„π°“√√—°…“ tetanus π—Èπªí®®ÿ∫—π ∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡∑’Ë ÿ¥§«√‡ªìπ metronidazole ‡π◊ËÕß®“° PGS ´÷Ë߇ªìπ beta-lactam group ®–¡’º≈„π°“√≈¥ GABA activity ´÷Ë߉ª≈¥ threshold ¢Õß neuron àߺ≈„À⇰‘¥°“√™—°‰¥âßà“¬¢÷Èπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‚√§ tetanus ‡ªìπ‚√§∑’ˬ—ßæ∫‰¥âÕ¬Ÿà‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê ·≈–∑”„À⺟âªÉ«¬‡ ’¬™’«‘µ ‰¥â ¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷ߧ«√‡πâπ„π‡√◊ËÕß°“√ªÑÕß°—π °“√¥Ÿ·≈ ∫“¥·º≈ ·≈–∑∫∑«π¢âÕ∫àß™’„È π°“√„Àâ TT ·≈– TAT à«π°“√ª√—∫¬“µâ“π®ÿ≈™’æ„π°“√√—°…“ pneumonia °“√«‘ π‘ ® ©— ¬ tetanus ‡ªì π °“√«‘ π‘ ® ©— ¬ ‚¥¬ æ‘®“√≥“®“°≈—°…≥–∑“ߧ≈‘π‘°‡ªìπÀ≈—° ¥—ßπ—Èπ∂â“ ºŸâªÉ«¬¡’Õ“°“√‡¢â“‰¥â°—∫ tetanus §«√‡√‘Ë¡„Àâ°“√√—°…“ ∑—π∑’ °“√√—°…“µâÕߪ√–‡¡‘π¢π“¥¢Õ߬“∑’Ë„™â‡æ◊ËÕ ≈¥°“√‡°√ÁߢÕß°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ°—∫º≈·∑√°´âÕπ¢Õ߬“∑’Ë ®–‡°‘¥¢÷È𠇙àπ °¥°“√À“¬„® ∑’Ë ”§—≠µâÕߪÑÕß°—π ·≈–√—°…“º≈·∑√°´âÕπ®“° tetanus ‡Õß ‡™àπ ¿“«– rhabdomyolysis ·≈– acute renal failure ®”‡ªìπµâÕßÕ“»—¬º≈°“√‡æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ‡ ¡À–‡ªìπµ—«™à«¬ „π°“√µ—¥ ‘π„®‡ª≈’Ë¬π¬“ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ√“¬ß“πº≈°“√ ‡æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ‡ ¡À–°Á§«√ de-escalate antibiotic µ“¡ º≈‡æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ ‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥‚Õ°“ ‡™◊ÈÕ¥◊ÈÕ¬“ Õ“¬ÿ√·æ∑¬å “¢“‚√§‰µ 60 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 05-MM 60 2/4/08, 13:20 EKG Conference Arrythmia in COPD and Bronchiectasis Patient √».πæ. «‘√—µπå §≈—ß∫ÿ≠§√Õß “¢“«‘™“À—«„®·≈–À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ™“¬‰∑¬ Õ“¬ÿ 70 ªï √—∫√—°…“‰«â „π‚√ß欓∫“≈ Complaint of fever, cough and dyspnea Question : What is the most likely EKG diagnosis? IJM Vol. 7 No.1 ‡©≈¬ EKG findings 1. æ∫¡’ narrow QRS complex rate ª√–¡“≥ 105-110 §√—ÈßµàÕπ“∑’ ¡’ variable ¢Õß R-R interval ·≈–¡’ irregular rhythm 2. æ∫¡’ P wave π”Àπâ“ QRS complex ∑ÿ°µ—« √Ÿª√à“ß≈—°…≥–¢Õß P wave ·µ°µà“ß°—π 3 ≈—°…≥– ·≈–¡’ variable ¢Õß PR interval 3. ¡’ LVH by voltage criteria ·≈– nonspecific ST-T abnormalities ®“°≈—°…≥– EKG µ“¡¢â“ß∫ππ’È (¢âÕ 1 ·≈– 2) Õ“®∫Õ°‰¥â«à“‡ªìπ arrhythmia ∑’ˇ¢â“‰¥â°—∫≈—°…≥– ¢Õß multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) ®“°ª√–«—µ‘ ºŸâª«¬™“¬Õ“¬ÿ 70 ªï ‡¢â“¡“¥â«¬ Õ“°“√‰¢â ‰Õ ÀÕ∫ ≈—°…≥–Õ“°“√‰Õ¡’‡ ¡À–¢âπ‡À𒬫 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 06-EKG 61 2/4/08, 13:21 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 61 À√◊Õ adrenergic drugs MAT ¡’ high incidence ∑’ˇ°‘¥ AF ‰¥âª√–¡“≥ √âÕ¬≈– 50-70 À≈— ° °“√√— ° …“∑’Ë ”§— ≠ §◊ Õ „Àâ ° “√√— ° …“ underlying disease À√◊Õ conditions ∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥ arrhythmia ‡™àπ °“√√—°…“ COPD, bronchiectasis ∑’Ë¡’ infection, hypoxemia ‡ªìπµâπ √ÿª§”µÕ∫ §◊Õ : 1. Multifocal atrial tachycardia 2. LVH by voltage criteria and non specific ST-T abnormalities 3. COPD and infected bronchiectasis IJM Vol. 7 No.1 ’‡À≈◊Õß ª√‘¡“≥¡“° ºŸâªÉ«¬‰¥â√—∫°“√«‘π‘®©—¬«à“‡ªìπ COPD √à«¡°—∫¡’ infected bronchiectasis ≈—°…≥–¢Õß EKG finding „π multifocal (chaotic) atrial tachycardia (MAT) ¡’¥—ßπ’È 1. ¡’Õ—µ√“°“√‡µâπ¡“°°«à“ 100 §√—ÈßµàÕπ“∑’, irregular ventricular rate ·≈– rhythm 2. ¡’ morphology ¢Õß consecutive P wave ·µ°µà“ß°—π µ—Èß·µà 3 ≈—°…≥–¢÷Èπ‰ª ·≈–¡’ variable ¢Õß PR interval MAT ¡—°‡°‘¥®“° COPD ¿“«– hypoxia ·µà ¡’∫“ߧ√—ÈßÕ“®‡°‘¥®“° digitalis intoxication, chronic heart disease, hypokalemia ·≈–®“°¬“ theophylline 62 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 06-EKG 62 2/4/08, 13:21 Arterial Blood Gas Conference Dyspnea in Patient with Bronchiectasis æ≠.æ√æ‘¡≈ ‡À≈à“«™‘√– ÿ«√√≥1, √».æ≠.«‘¿“ √’™—¬æ‘™‘µ°ÿ≈2 1 ·æ∑¬åª√–®”∫â“π, 2 “¢“«‘™“‚√§√–∫∫∑“߇¥‘πÀ“¬„®·≈–‡«™∫”∫—¥«‘°ƒµ ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ºŸâªÉ«¬À≠‘߉∑¬§Ÿà Õ“¬ÿ 78 ªï ®—ßÀ«—¥¢Õπ·°àπ Õ“°“√ ”§—≠ Heart ‰¢â ‰Õ ÀÕ∫ 2 «—π°àÕπ¡“‚√ß欓∫“≈ ª√–«—µ‘ªí®®ÿ∫—π 2 «—π°àÕπ¡“‚√ß欓∫“≈ ºŸªâ «É ¬¡’‰¢â ‰Õ À“¬„® ‰¡à –¥«° ‡ ¡À–¢“«ªπ‡À≈◊Õß ‡Àπ◊ËÕ¬‡æ≈’¬‰ª ‚√ß欓∫“≈ ‘ √‘ π ∏√ ‰¥â ¬ “ªØ‘ ™’ « 𖇪ì π tazocin Õ“°“√‰¡à∑ÿ‡≈“ : audible S1, S2, pansystolic murmur at apex Lungs : equal lung expansion, coarse crepitating both lungs Abdomen : soft, not tender, liver and spleen were impalpable Extremities : clubbing of fingers Problem list 1. Bronchiectasis 2. Acute fever with dyspnea Laboratory investigation CBC Physical examination General appearance : An elderly woman, looked dyspnea, fully conscious Vital signs : BT 39oC, PR 98/min, RR 28/min, BP 130/60 mmHg HEENT : pink conjunctivae, anicteric sclerae, cervical lymph nodes were impalpable, trachea in midline LFT CXR : Hb 11.8 g/dL, Hct 36.8%, WBC 4,900 cell/mm3 (N 68.2%, L 19%, M 12.4%), plt 251,000 cell/mm3 BS 116, BUN 7.7, Cr 0.8 mg/dL, Na 137, K 4, HCO3 34.6, Cl 90 mEq/L, Ca 8.3 mg/dL : Chol 140 mg/dL, alb 2.8, glob 3.7 g/dL, TB 1.7, DB 0.5 mg/dL, AST 11, ALT 24, ALP 74 U/L : reticulonodular infiltration both lungs « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 07-Arterial blood 63 Vol. 7 No.1 ‰¥â√—∫°“√«‘π‘®©—¬‡ªìπ bronchiectasis ‡¡◊ËÕ æ.». 2547 √—°…“∑’Ë‚√ß欓∫“≈»√’π§√‘π∑√å ‰¥â¬“ ¢¬“¬À≈Õ¥≈¡‡™â“-‡¬Áπ „π™à«ß 1 ‡¥◊Õπ∑’˺à“π¡“ ¡’Õ“°“√ÀÕ∫µâÕß¡“æàπ¬“∑’‚Ë √ß欓∫“≈ —ª¥“Àå≈–§√—ßÈ ‰¡à Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë IJM ª√–«—µ‘Õ¥’µ 2/4/08, 13:22 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 63 °“√¥”‡π‘π‚√§ Day 1 23.00 π. À≈—ߺ≈ ABG °≈—∫¡“º≈ O2 sat 41% ·µà®“°‡§√◊ËÕß monitor O2 sat ‰¥â 89-90% ®÷ß„Àâ - Oxygen canula 3 L/min - Beradual 1NB æàπ∑ÿ° 4 ™¡. - Start antibiotic: tazocin 4.5 gm ©’¥ ∑ÿ° 8 ™¡. - Observe clinical Day 2 08.00 π. ºŸªâ «É ¬√Ÿ â °÷ µ—«·µà¬ß— ¡’Õ“°“√ÀÕ∫ (RR 32/min) ‰¥â‡®“– ABG ´È”¢≥– on O2 canula 3 L/min - º≈ ABG: pH 7.30, PaCO2 74, PaO2 75, HCO3 38.1, O2 sat 94% 17.00 π. ºŸâªÉ«¬´÷¡ª≈ÿ°µ◊Ë𬓰‰¡à∑”µ“¡§” —Ëß O2 sat ª≈“¬π‘È« 75% - ET tube intubation on Bird respirator (air mix) VT 400, RR 24/min ·≈–‡®“– ABG À≈—ß®“°π—ÈπÕ’° 30 π“∑’‰¥âº≈ : pH 7.18, PaCO2 60, PaO2 24, HCO3 22.4, O2 sat 49% 21.00 π. ¬â“¬ºŸâªÉ«¬‰ª on setting CMV (FiO2 0.4, VT 450, RR 16/min, PEEP 2) - ‡®“– ABG (22.47 π.) : pH 7.59, PaCO2 40.3, PaO2 90, HCO3 38.1, O2 sat 98% - ºŸâªÉ«¬À“¬„®µ“¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ’·µà pressure Ÿß®÷ß ‡ª≈’ˬπ setting ‡ªìπ PCV (FiO2 0.4, IP 24, RR 14, I:E 1:3 (VT 370) º≈ ABG (01.30 π.): pH 7.56, PaCO2 43, PaO2 93, HCO3 38.5, O2 sat 98% IJM Vol. 7 No.1 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 º≈°“√µ√«® arterial blood gas 64 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 07-Arterial blood 64 2/4/08, 13:22 «‘®“√≥å ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 07-Arterial blood 65 2/4/08, 13:22 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 65 Vol. 7 No.1 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π IJM ºŸâªÉ«¬ bronchiectasis ¡“¥â«¬Õ“°“√‰¢â Ÿß ‰Õ ·≈–ÀÕ∫¡“°¡“ 2 «—𠓇Àµÿ∑’˧‘¥∂÷ß¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ ‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ∑’˪ե®“°‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ gram-negative rod À√◊Õ‡™◊ÈÕ P. aeruginosa ºŸâªÉ«¬‰¥â √—∫¬“ªØ‘™«’ π–·≈⫉¡à¥¢’ π÷È ¬—ß¡’Õ“°“√‰Õ·≈–ÀÕ∫¡“° ®÷߉¥â bronchodilator ·≈– oxygen therapy ‘Ëß∑’Ë ∑”„À⺟âªÉ«¬Õ“°“√∑“ߧ≈‘π‘°·¬à≈ß Õ“®®–‡°‘¥®“°‚√§ æ◊Èπ∞“π‡¥‘¡´÷Ëß¡’°“√·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ°ä“´‰¡à¥’ ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’°“√ µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ®÷ß∑”„Àâ°“√·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ°ä“´·¬à≈ßÕ’° À√◊ÕÕ“® ‡°‘¥®“°°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ ∑’√Ë πÿ ·√ßÀ√◊Õ°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ ∑’¬Ë “ªØ‘™«’ π– ∑’Ë„ÀâÕ¬Ÿà‰¡à§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡ ‡™à𠇙◊ÈÕ gram-negative rod ∑’Ë¥◊ÈÕ¬“ À√◊Õ‡™◊ÈÕ«—≥‚√§ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°ºŸâªÉ«¬À“¬„®ÀÕ∫ ‰¥â„Àâ oxygen canula ·≈–‡®“– arterial blood gas º≈ arterial blood gas ¢≥– on oxygen canula 3 L/min À“¬„®¥â«¬Õ—µ√“°“√À“¬„® 34 §√—Èß/π“∑’ ‰¥â pH 7.31, PaCO2 77, PaO2 66, HCO3 38.8, O2 sat 41% ·æ∑¬å ß —¬«à“®–‡®“–‡¢â“ vein ®÷ß«—¥ pulse oxygen saturation ª≈“¬π‘È««—¥‰¥â 89-90% ‚¥¬ ∑—Ë«‰ª∂Ⓡªìπ®“°°“√‡®“– arterial blood gas ‡¢â“ vein º≈ venous blood gas „πºŸªâ «É ¬∑’¡Ë ’ normal respiratory ·≈– cardiac function ®–‰¥âº≈ PCO2 46, PO2 40 ·≈– O2 sat 75% ´÷Ë߇¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫º≈∑’˵√«®‰¥â„π ºŸâªÉ«¬√“¬π’È®÷ߧ‘¥«à“πà“®–‡®“–‡¢â“ arterial blood ®√‘ß ·µàºŸâªÉ«¬¡’ severe arterial hypoxemia, acute ontop chronic respiratory acidosis ·≈– compensated metabolic alkalosis à«π°“√∑’Ë oxygen saturation ®“° arterial blood gas µË”°«à“ pulse oxygen saturation ª≈“¬π‘È« ‡π◊ËÕß®“°ºŸâªÉ«¬À“¬„®ÀÕ∫¡’ severe V/Q misthatch ·≈–æ÷Ëß®–‰¥â oxygen therapy ‰¡àπ“π æÕ∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥ equilibrium ·æ∑¬å°Á√’∫µ√«® arterial blood gas ·≈â« à«π°“√®—∫«—¥ pulse oxygen saturation ¡“µ√«®«—¥¿“¬À≈—ß ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ÀÁπº≈ arterial blood gas ‡æ√“–‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª §à“ oxygen saturation ∑’ˉ¥â®“° °“√µ√«® arterial blood gas ®–‡ªìπ§à“∑’Ë·¡à𬔰«à“ °√≥’∑’˵√«®·≈⫵˔°«à“ pulse oxygen saturation ª≈“¬π‘È« Õ“®‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â 2 °√≥’§◊Õ ·æ∑¬å‡®“– arterial blood gas ·≈â« àßµ√«®™â“ ∑”„À⇡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥¢“«„™â oxygen ∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’®”π«π‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥¢“« Ÿß „π‡≈◊Õ¥ ®–∑”„Àâ°“√µ√«® oxygen saturation µË”≈߉¥â À√◊ÕÕ’°°√≥’Àπ÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°·æ∑¬å‡®“–µ√«® arterial blood gas ‡√Á«‡°‘π‰ª À≈—ß„Àâ°“√√—°…“¥â«¬ oxygen therapy ‰¡àπ“π ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ºŸªâ «É ¬∑’¡Ë æ’ ¬“∏‘ ¿“æ∑’ªË Õ¥ Õ¬Ÿ‡à ¥‘¡ Õ“®µâÕß√Õª√–¡“≥ 20-30 π“∑’ À≈—ß„Àâ oxygen therapy ®÷ß®–ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°“√√—°…“ ´÷ËߺŸâªÉ«¬√“¬π’È §‘¥«à“Õ¬Ÿà„π°√≥’π’È °“√¥”‡π‘π‚√§„π«—π∑’Ë 2 À≈—ß„Àâ°“√√—°…“ æ∫«à “ ‡¡◊Ë Õ „Àâ ¬ “ªØ‘ ™’ « π– ·≈–¬“¢¬“¬À≈Õ¥≈¡ ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“°“√·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ°ä“´¥’¢÷Èπ ·µà‡°‘¥ªí≠À“¢Õß °“√√—°…“§◊Õ ºŸâªÉ«¬‰¥â oxygen therapy ¡“°‡°‘π‰ª®π shut-off hypoxic drive ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“ on O2 canula 3 L/min ‰¥â PaO2 75 ·≈– O2 sat 94% ºŸâªÉ«¬®÷ß´÷¡ ª≈ÿ°µ◊Ë𬓰 ·≈–À“¬„®™â“≈ß ®π‡°‘¥ PaCO2 §—Ëß ·≈– µ“¡¡“¥â«¬ O2 sat ª≈“¬π‘È« drop ≈ß ∂â“À“°·æ∑¬å §”π÷ß∂÷ß¿“«–π’È ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ºŸâªÉ«¬ bronchiectasis ∑’Ë¡’ chronic hypoxemia Õ¬Ÿà‡¥‘¡ §«√®–µâÕß≈¥ O2 canula ®“° 3 L/min ‡ªìπ 1-2 L/min ‚¥¬ keep PaO2 60 ·≈– O2 sat 90% „π‡¬Áπ«—π∑’Ë 2 ºŸâªÉ«¬µâÕß„ à∑àÕ ™à«¬À“¬„® ·≈–„™â‡§√◊ÕË ß™à«¬À“¬„® ‡æ√“–¡’¿“«– CO2 narcosis ‡¡◊ËÕ„™â Bird respirator ‡«≈“ 17.00 π. ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“ arterial blood gas ∑’µË √«®‰¥â ¡’ severe arterial hypoxemia √à«¡°—∫ combined acute ontop chronic respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis °“√∑’Ë µ√«®‰¥âº≈ arterial blood gas ¥—ß°≈à“« ‘Ëß∑’Ë·æ∑¬å µâÕߧ”π÷ß∂÷ßπÕ°®“°°“√‡®“– arterial blood gas ‡√Á«‡°‘π‰ª·≈â« §◊Õ°“√∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬À“¬„®‰¡à‡¢â“‡§√◊ËÕß ´÷Ëß„πºŸâªÉ«¬√“¬π’È·æ∑¬å√–∫ÿ«à“‡®“–µ√«®À≈—ß®“°„ à ‡§√◊ËÕߙ૬À“¬„®·≈â« 30 π“∑’ ¥—ßπ—ÈπºŸâªÉ«¬Õ“®®– Vol. 7 No.1 IJM À“¬„®‰¡à‡¢â“‡§√◊ËÕß ´÷ËßµâÕß¡“¥Ÿ«à“µ—È߇§√◊ËÕߙ૬À“¬„® ‡À¡“– ¡À√◊Õ¬—ß À√◊Õ®”‡ªìπµâÕß„Àâ sedative drug °—∫ºŸâªÉ«¬ ºŸâªÉ«¬‰¥â√—∫°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π®“° Bird respirator ‡ªìπ volume respirator ‡¡◊ËÕµ—Èß CMV mode ·≈– „À⺟âªÉ«¬À“¬„®‡¢â“°—∫‡§√◊ËÕߥ’ ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“ºŸâªÉ«¬µâÕß°“√ FiO2 0.4 °Á‰¥â PaO2 ∂÷ß 90 · ¥ß«à“欓∏‘ ¿“æ ∑’˪ե‡ªìπ V/Q mismatch ºŸâªÉ«¬∂Ÿ° ventilate ®π PaCO2 ∂Ÿ° wash out ®π pH ‡ªìπ alkalosis ·æ∑¬å‡ª≈’ˬπ mode ®“° CMV ‡ªìπ PCV ‡æ√“– pressure Ÿß ·µà‰¡à∑√“∫«à“‡∑à“‰À√à ‡æ√“–‡¡◊ËÕµ—Èß PCV mode „™â IP ‡æ’¬ß 24 °Á‰¥â VT 370 ·≈– PaCO2 43 · ¥ß«à “ pressure ®“°°“√µ—È ß CMV mode ‰¡àπà“®– Ÿß¡“° ®“°º≈ arterial blood gas „π«—π∑’Ë 2 ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“°“√√—°…“ºŸªâ «É ¬∑’¡Ë ª’ ≠ í À“ chronic hypoxemia Õ¬Ÿ‡à ¥‘¡ °“√„Àâ oxygen therapy §«√„Àâ·∫∫ controlled oxygen therapy §◊Õ §«∫§ÿ¡„Àâ O2 sat ‰¥âª√–¡“≥ 90% À√◊Õ PaO2 ª√–¡“≥ 60 ´÷Ë߇¡◊ËÕºŸâªÉ«¬‰¥â√—∫¬“ ªØ‘™«’ π– ·≈–¬“¢¬“¬À≈Õ¥≈¡·≈â«®–¡’º≈∑”„Àâ V/Q mismatch ¥’¢÷Èπ “¡“√∂≈¥ O2 canula ≈߉¥â ‚¥¬„Àâ O2 saturation ª≈“¬π‘È«ª√–¡“≥ 90% à«π‡¡◊ËÕ ºŸâªÉ«¬„ à∑àՙ૬À“¬„®·≈â« ªí≠À“¢Õß°“√√—°…“ °≈—∫°≈“¬‡ªìπ PaCO2 ‰¡à„™à PaO2 ‡π◊ËÕß®“°ºŸâªÉ«¬ ‰¡à‰¥âÀ“¬„®‡Õß·≈â« ‰¡àµâÕß√–«—ߪí≠À“ shut-off hypoxic drive ·µàªí≠À“∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ§◊Õ‡¡◊ËÕ·æ∑¬å„ à∑àÕ ™à«¬À“¬„®‰¥â·≈â« ¡—°®–∫’∫ ambu ¥â«¬ tidal volume ∑’ˇ¬Õ–‡°‘π‰ª·≈–∫’∫‡√Á«‡°‘π‰ª ®π PaCO2 ∂Ÿ°¢—∫ ÕÕ°‡√Á«¡“°‡°‘¥ acute respiratory alkalosis ´÷Ëß ∫“ߧ√—ßÈ Õ“®®–∑”„À⺪Ÿâ «É ¬™—°‰¥â°“√µ—ßÈ ‡§√◊ÕË ß™à«¬À“¬„® „πºŸªâ «É ¬∑’¡Ë ’ chronic CO2 retension Õ¬Ÿ‡à ¥‘¡§◊Õ µ—ßÈ tidal volume ·≈– respiratory rate „À≥â minute ventilation ∑’Ë∑”„Àâ§à“ PaCO2 ‡∑à“°—∫ resting PaCO2 ´÷Ëß°Á§◊Õ §à“ª°µ‘‡¥‘¡¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ ´÷Ëß∂â“À“°·æ∑¬å‰¡à‡§¬µ√«® arterial blood gas ºŸâªÉ«¬¡“°àÕπÀπâ“π’È∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬ ∫“¬¥’ ‡√“°Á®–ª√–¡“≥«à“ resting PaCO2 §◊Õ §à“ PaCO2 ∑’Ë∑”„Àâ pH Õ¬Ÿà„π‡°≥±åª°µ‘ §◊Õ 7.40 ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ ‡√“®–‰¡à wash out PaCO2 ®π‰¥â 40 ·≈â« ∑”„Àâ pH ‡ªìπ alkalosis °“√¥”‡π‘π‚√§ (µàÕ) Day 3 07.00 π. on setting ‡¥‘¡ À“¬„®µ“¡‡§√◊ËÕß (RR 14/ min) F/U ABG - ‰¥âº≈: pH 7.62, PaCO2 39, PaO2 99, HCO3 40.1, O2 sat 99% - ª√—∫ setting „À¡à‚¥¬‡æ‘Ë¡ I:E ‡ªìπ 1:4 13.51 π. ‡®“– ABG À≈—ß on setting „À¡à - ‰¥âº≈: pH 7.48, PaCO2 59, PaO2 86, HCO3 43.9, O2 sat 97% Day 4 08.00 π. ºŸâªÉ«¬√Ÿâ ÷°µ—«¥’‰¢âµË” Ê ‰¡àÀÕ∫ 10.00 π. try wean CPAP 5, PS 10 ºŸâªÉ«¬À“¬„® 20-24/min, ‰¡à´÷¡ 15.00 π. wean T-piece 10 L/min as tolerate Day 5 - off ET tube‰¥â ‰¡à´÷¡ ‰¡àÀÕ∫ ‰Õ‡ ¡À– „π≈”§Õ º≈ sputum AFB 2+ ®÷ß start INH, rifampicin, and ethambutal ·≈– æàπ beradual µàÕ Day 6-9 - ‰¢â‡√‘Ë¡≈¥≈ß Õ“°“√§ß∑’Ë, I/O balance - on O2 canula 1 L/min ---> O2 sat 94-95% Day 10-11 - check up routine lab æ∫ hyponatremia (Na 122) ‰¡à¡’ clinical „Àâ°“√√—°…“¥â«¬ 0.9% NaCl Day 12 09.50 π. ∫àπ‡Àπ◊ËÕ¬ ÀÕ∫ RR 36/min wheezing both lungs 66 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 07-Arterial blood 66 2/4/08, 13:22 - on ventilator setting ‡¥‘¡ Day 15 «‘®“√≥å ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«“à ‡¡◊ÕË on respirator ·æ∑¬å§«√√–«—ß °“√ over ventilation ‚¥¬µ—Èß setting „À≥â PaCO2 ∑’Ë∑”„Àâ pH ª√–¡“≥ 7.40 ´÷Ëß baseline PaCO2 „π ºŸâªÉ«¬√“¬π’ÈÕ“®®–Õ¬Ÿàª√–¡“≥ 55 mmHg ‡π◊ËÕß®“° ºŸâªÉ«¬¡’‰¢âµË”Ê µ≈Õ¥À≈—ß on antibiotic ·≈– CBC ‰¡àæ∫ leukocytosis ‚¥¬ CXR æ∫ reticulonodular « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 07-Arterial blood 67 2/4/08, 13:22 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 67 Vol. 7 No.1 Wean off dopamine ‰¥â, clinical stable - off cut down - ‡√‘Ë¡ enteral feeding Day 16-18 ‰¡àÀÕ∫ ‰¡à¡’‰¢â - EKG ‰¡à¡’ inverted-T ·≈â« - wean CPAP 5 PS 8 ≈—∫ CMV ‡æ‘Ë¡ ™—Ë«‚¡ß¢÷Èπ‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê Day 19-29 - wean T-piece 10 L/min ≈—∫ CMV ‡æ‘Ë¡ ™—Ë«‚¡ß¢÷Èπ‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê - ‡®“– ABG °àÕπ off wean T-piece (RR 24/min) º≈: pH 7.45, PaCO2 54, PaO2 229, HCO3 37.5, O2 sat 100% Day 30 - wean L-piece keep O2 sat ª≈“¬π’È 90% as tolerate ‰¥â Day 31 - off ET-tube ‰¥â - on O2 canula 2 L/min (RR 20 /min) º≈ ABG: pH 7.43, PaCO2 56, PaO2 70, HCO3 37.2, O2 sat 95% Day 32 D/C °≈—∫∫â“π„Àâ antiTB drugs ‰ª°‘πµàÕ IJM - ventolin æàπ·≈–‡æ‘Ë¡ flow O2 canula ‡ªìπ 3 L/min - ‡®“– ABG ‰¥âº≈ : pH 7.21, PaCO2 72, PaO2 90, HCO3 28.8, O2 sat 95% 11.00 π. ´÷¡≈ߪ≈ÿ°‰¡àµ◊Ëπ - ET tube intubation (secretion ‰¡à¡“°) on Bird ventilator (air mix) VT 400, RR 24 /min ·≈–‡®“– ABG º≈ : pH 7.09, PaCO2 103, PaO2 254, HCO3 31.2, O2 sat 99% 13.00 π. ¬â“¬ºŸâªÉ«¬‰ª on setting CMV (FiO2 0.4, VT 350, RR 22 /min, PEEP 0) - F/U electrolyte ¡’ hyponatremia (Na 122) - CXR: progression of interstitial infiltration both lungs - EKG: inverted-T II, III, AVF, V4-6 - elevate of troponin-T 18.00 π. BP drop 60/40 mmHg cut down CVP 10 cm ‰¥â 0.9% NaCl 500 ml BP 90/60 mmHg - ‡®“– ABG º≈ : pH 7.47, PaCO2 37, PaO2 216, HCO3 26.9 ,O2 sat 100% - correct hyponatremia ¥â«¬ 3% NaCl - start enoxaparin, plavix, ASA Day 13 À≈— ß ‰¥â enoxaparin ¡’ bleed ®“°·º≈ cutdown, gum, hematuria BP 80/50 mmHg, PR 90/ min, CVP 9 cm, Hct 41---> 33% - off enoxaparin, plavix, ASA - start dopamine - cryoprecipitate, FFP transfusion Day 14 ºŸªâ «É ¬√Ÿ â °÷ µ—«¡“°¢÷πÈ ‰¡à¡‰’ ¢â À“¬„®µ“¡‡§√◊ÕË ß ‰¥â ‰¡à¡’‡≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ°º‘¥ª°µ‘ - Na 132 mEq/L, Hct 35% blood gas ¢≥– on O2 canula 2 L/min °àÕπ®– discharge ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“ºŸªâ «É ¬πà“®–¡’ PaO2 ‡¥‘¡Õ¬Ÿªà √–¡“≥ 60 ·≈– PaCO2 ª√–¡“≥ 55 ´÷Ë߇¡◊ËÕ∂Ÿ° precipitation ¥â«¬ infection ∑’˪ե °Á∑”„Àâ gas exchange ·¬à≈ß ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ·æ∑¬å‰¡à√–¡—¥√–«—ß°“√„™â oxygen ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß °Á∑”„À⇰‘¥¿“«–·∑√°´âÕπµà“ßÊ µ“¡¡“ ∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ 1. «‘¿“ √’™—¬æ‘™‘µ°ÿ≈. °“√«‘‡§√“–Àå°ä“´®“°À≈Õ¥ ‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ß (arterial blood gas interpretation). »√’π§√‘π∑√凫™ “√ 2543; 15: 107-14. 2. «‘ ¿ “ √’ ™— ¬ æ‘ ™‘ µ °ÿ ≈ . °“√√— ° …“¥â « ¬ÕÕ°´‘ ‡ ®π (oxygen therapy). „π «‘¿“ √’™—¬æ‘™‘µ°ÿ≈. ªí≠À“ ‚√§√–∫∫∑“߇¥‘πÀ“¬„®∑’æË ∫∫àÕ¬„π¿“«–©ÿ°‡©‘π (common pulmonary problems in emergency medicine). ¢Õπ·°àπ : ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ, 2545: 169-90. IJM Vol. 7 No.1 infiltration ®÷ßµ√«® sputum AFB º≈ positive ®÷ß ‰¥â√—∫ anti TB drugs ºŸâªÉ«¬√“¬π’È ‰¥â√—∫°“√ weaning ‡√Á«¡“° ®π off ET-tube ¿“¬„π 2 «—π Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ¢≥– weaning „πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’ chronic hypoxemia Õ¬Ÿà ‡ ¥‘ ¡ °Á µâ Õ ß°≈— ∫ ¡“√–¡— ¥ √–«— ß °“√„™â oxygen ‡π◊ËÕß®“°ºŸâªÉ«¬µâÕßÀ“¬„®‡Õß ¥—ßπ—ÈπºŸâªÉ«¬√“¬π’ȧ«√ weaning ¥â«¬ L-piece ·≈– monitor O2 saturation ª≈“¬π‘È«„À≥âª√–¡“≥ 90% ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ off ET-tube °Á§«√ on O2 canula 1-2 L/min keep O2 saturation ª≈“¬π‘È«ª√–¡“≥ 90% ºŸâªÉ«¬√“¬π’ȵâÕß intubation Õ’°√Õ∫ ‡æ√“– CO2 narcosis ®“°°“√„Àâ oxygen therapy ¡“°‡°‘π‰ª ‡°‘¥ blood pressure drop ®“° positive pressure ventilation ·≈–¢≥– weaning ‡°‘¥ coronary heart attack ‰¥â√—∫°“√√—°…“®π‡°‘¥ complication bleeding ÿ¥∑⓬ºŸâªÉ«¬√“¬π’ȉ¥â monitor O2 saturation ª≈“¬π‘È« ¢≥– weaning ¥â«¬ L-piece ·≈– O2 canula 1-2 L/min ·≈– “¡“√∂°≈—∫∫â“𠉥â¥â«¬ room air ·≈– anti-TB drugs ´÷Ëß®“° arterial 68 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 07-Arterial blood 68 2/4/08, 13:22 Electrolyte Conference Bone Pain and Hyperchloremic Metabolic Acidosis æ≠.«—π«√ÿ≥ æÿà¡™ÿ¡æ≈1, √».æ≠.»‘√‘√—µπå ‡√◊Õß®ÿâ¬2 1 ·æ∑¬åª√–®”∫â“π, 2 “¢“«‘™“‚√§‰µ·≈–‰µ‡∑’¬¡ ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ºŸâªÉ«¬™“¬‰∑¬§Ÿà Õ“¬ÿ 45 ªï Õ“™’æ∑”π“ ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà ®—ßÀ«—¥√âÕ¬‡ÕÁ¥ Vital signs : BT 37 ÌC, RR 20 times/min, PR 78 Õ“°“√ ”§—≠ : ª«¥°√–¥Ÿ°¡“°¡“ 2 ‡¥◊Õπ ª√–«—µ‘‡®Á∫ªÉ«¬ªí®®ÿ∫—π : CBC ª√–«—µ‘Õ¥’µ : ªØ‘‡ ∏‚√§ª√–®”µ—« —߇°µªí “«–¡“°¢÷Èπ ¡“ 2 ‡¥◊Õπ ‰¡à‰¥â„™â¬“„¥‡ªìπª√–®” Physical examination General appearance : A cachexic, middle-aged man with good consciousness, no dyspnea : Hb 8.8 g/dL, Hct 25.7 vol %, WBC 5,700 /mm3, Plt 239,000 /mm3, PMN 42.2 %, L 42 %, M 8.6 %, Eo 6.3 % Blood chemistry : FBS 79 mg/dL, BUN 17, Cr 2.3 mg/dL, Na 139, K 3.3, HCO3 16.8, Cl 116 mEq/L, Ca 7.8, PO4 1.3, Mg 2.8 mg/dL, uric 2.3 mg/dL LFT : Cholesterol 116 mg/dL, alb 4.3, glob 3 g/dL, TB 0.5, DB 0.1 mg/dL, ALT 33, AST 31, ALP 211 U/L « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 08-Electrolyte 69 2/4/08, 13:23 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 69 Vol. 7 No.1 Laboratory investigation IJM 1 ªï °à Õ π¡“√æ. ¡’ Õ “°“√ª«¥„µâ √ “«π¡ 2 ¢â“ߪ«¥≈÷°Ê ‰¡à¡’‰¢â Õ“°“√ª«¥‰¡à —¡æ—π∏å°—∫ ∑à“∑“ßÀ√◊Õ°“√À“¬„® ¡—°ª«¥‡«≈“°≈“ߧ◊π ¡’Õ“°“√ ‡∫◊ËÕÕ“À“√πÈ”Àπ—°≈¥ 20 kg„π 1 ªï ‡§¬µ√«®∑’Ë √æ.‡Õ°™π‰¡à∑√“∫«‘π‘®©—¬‚√§ 2 ‡¥◊Õπ °àÕπ¡“‚√ß欓∫“≈ Õ“°“√ª«¥‡ªìπ ¡“°¢÷È𠇫≈“ª«¥®–¡’‡Àß◊ËÕ·µ°„® —Ëπ ‡√‘Ë¡ª«¥À≈—ß –∫—° 2 ¢â“ß ·≈– –‚æ° ‡«≈“‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«®–ª«¥ ¡“°¢÷È𠉪√æ. ‡Õ°™π‰¥â√—∫°“√‡Õ°´‡√¬å ·æ∑¬å∫Õ° ¡’°√–¥Ÿ°æ√ÿπ beats/min, BP 110/70 mm Hg HEENT : mild pale, no jaundice, dry lips and tongue, impalpable cervical lymph nodes Chest & Lungs : tender at anterior chest wall, normal breath sound, no adventitious sound Heart : normal S1 S2 , no murmur Abdomen : soft, not tender, impalpable liver and spleen Extremities : no edema Neurological examination : normal UA : sp.gr 1.015 , pH 7.0, alb 2+, sugar 4+, no RBC , no WBC Urine Bence Jones protein : positive Serum electrophoresis : no gammopathy Bone marrow aspiration : plasma cell > 10% CXR : generalized osteopenia, multiple fractures of right 5th, 6th, 8th and 9th ribs Bone scan : increase uptake of humerus, scapular, sacroiliac joint and inferior pubic rami Film skull: multiple small osteolytic lesions Ultrasound : normal size of both kidneys Urine 24 hr : Cr 1.7 g, uric acid 0.76 g, Na 341, K 119.4, Cl 248 mEq Ca 77, PO4 2.3, Mg 0.7 mg, protein 9735 mg, volume 5500 ml √ÿªªí≠À“¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ IJM Vol. 7 No.1 1. Bone pain and multiple ribs fracture 2. Acute renal failure 3. Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis °“√ª√–‡¡‘πªí≠À“¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ 1. Bone pain and multiple ribs fracture ºŸâªÉ«¬™“¬Õ“¬ÿ 45 ªï ¡“¥â«¬Õ“°“√ª«¥°√–¥Ÿ° À≈“¬µ”·Àπà ß “‡Àµÿ ∑’Ë Õ “®‡ªì 𠉪‰¥â ‰¥â · °à malignancy-bone metastasis, hyperparathyroidism, multiple myeloma ·≈– metabolic bone disease ºŸªâ «É ¬√“¬π’‰È ¥â√∫— °“√«‘π®‘ ©—¬ multiple myeloma ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’‡°≥±å°“√«‘π‘®©—¬§√∫ §◊Õ 1. ®“°°“√∑” bone marrow aspiration æ∫ plasma cell > 10% 2. Urine Bence Jones protein positive 3. ¡’ clinical criteria ¡“°°«à“ 2 ¢âÕ §◊Õ anemia (Hb <10 g/dL) , renal failure (Cr > 2) ·≈– osteolytic lesion 2. Acute renal failure ®“°°“√µ√«®∑“ßÀâ Õ ßªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ° “√æ∫¡’ ° “√ ‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ ¢Õß§à“ serum creatinine ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°ºŸªâ «É ¬‰¡à‡§¬ ¡’ª√–«—µ‘‡ªìπ‚√§‰µ‡ ◊ËÕ¡∑’Ëπ“π°«à“ 12 —ª¥“Àå ·≈– ¢π“¥‰µª°µ‘®÷ߧ‘¥∂÷ß¿“«– acute renal failure “‡Àµÿ¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥ acute renal failure „π ºŸâªÉ«¬√“¬π’È Õ“®‡°‘¥®“° “‡Àµÿµà“ß Ê ¥—ßπ’È 1. ¿“«–¢“¥ “√πÈ” (volume depletion) ‡π◊ËÕß®“°ºŸâªÉ«¬√“¬π’Èªí “«–¡“°¡“ª√–¡“≥ 2 ‡¥◊Õπ µ√«®√à “ ß°“¬æ∫¿“«–¢“¥ “√πÈ” ·≈–ª√‘ ¡ “≥ ªí “«–¡“°°«à“ 3 ≈‘µ√µàÕ«—π ´÷ßË °“√∑’ºË ªŸâ «É ¬ multiple myeloma ¡’ polyuria Õ“®‡°‘¥®“°°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß renal tubule º‘¥ª°µ‘‡π◊ËÕß®“°º≈¢Õß light chain immunoglobulin À√◊Õ®“°¿“«– hypercalcemia ´÷Ëß àߺ≈„À⇰‘¥ nephrogenic diabetes insipidus „π ºŸâªÉ«¬√“¬π’ȉ¡àæ∫ hypercalcemia ·≈–°“√µ√«® ªí “«–æ∫ Bence Jones protein ´÷Ë߇ªìπ°“√µ√«® À“ monoclonal light chain immunoglobulin ∑”„Àâ §‘¥∂÷ßªí “«–ÕÕ°¡“°®“°º≈¢Õß light chains ∑”„Àâ renal tubule ∑”ß“πº‘¥ª°µ‘ °“√¢“¥ “√πÈ” ∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ ¿“«– prerenal azotemia ´÷Ëß°“√„Àâ “√πÈ”∑¥·∑π∑’ˇ撬ßæÕ ®– ∑”„Àâ¿“«–‰µ«“¬‡©’¬∫æ≈—π¥’¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« 2. Myeloma cast nephropathy (myeloma kidney) ‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ∑æ’Ë ∫∫àÕ¬¢Õß¿“«–‰µ«“¬ „πºŸªâ «É ¬ multiple myeloma ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’ light chains ª√‘¡“≥¡“°∂Ÿ°°√Õߺà“π®“° glomeruli ∑”„À⇰‘¥ Õ—πµ√“¬µàÕ renal tubule ·≈–‡°‘¥°“√ – ¡·≈– √«¡°—∫ Tamm-Horsfall protein ‡°‘¥‡ªìπ intratubular cast ®÷߇°‘¥°“√Õÿ¥µ—π¢Õß renal tubule ·≈–‡°‘¥ ¿“«–‰µ«“¬µ“¡¡“ 70 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 08-Electrolyte 70 2/4/08, 13:23 Light chains ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°°√ÕßÕÕ°¡“Õ“®∑”„Àâ ‡°‘¥°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß renal tubule º‘¥ª°µ‘ ‚¥¬∑’Ë proximal tubules ®–‡ªì πµ”·Àπàß ∑’Ë¡’º≈°√–∑∫ ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥‡æ√“–‡ªìπµ”·Àπàß∑’Ë¥Ÿ¥°≈—∫ light chains ∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√ – ¡¢Õß light chains „π proximal °“√√—°…“ªí≠À“¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ 1. √— ° …“‚√§ª√–®”µ— « ‰¥â · °à °“√√— ° …“ multiple myeloma ¥â«¬°“√„Àâ chemotherapy ºŸâªÉ«¬ √“¬π’ȉ¥â√—∫ vincristine, adriamycin ·≈– dexamethasone 2. √— ° …“¿“«–‰µ«“¬‡©’ ¬ ∫æ≈— π ¥â « ¬°“√ √—°…“‚√§ª√–®”µ—« ·≈–„Àâ “√πÈ”‡æ◊ËÕ∑¥·∑π¿“«– ¢“¥πÈ” 3. ·°â‰¢¿“«– pRTA ·≈– ‡°≈◊Õ·√ຑ¥ª°µ‘ ¥â«¬°“√„Àâ‚´‡¥’¬¡‰∫§“√å∫Õ‡πµ øÕ ‡ø∑ ·≈– ‚æ·∑ ‡´’¬¡∑¥·∑π ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ√–¥—∫‰∫§“√å∫Õ‡πµ øÕ ‡ø∑ ·≈–‚æ·∑ ‡´’¬¡„πæ≈“ ¡à“ª°µ‘ « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 08-Electrolyte 71 2/4/08, 13:23 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 71 Vol. 7 No.1 3. Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis tubular cells ´÷Ëß àߺ≈„À⇰‘¥°≈ÿà¡Õ“°“√ Fanconi Õ—πª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA), hypophosphatemia, hypouricosuria, aminoaciduria ·≈– renal glycosuria ºŸªâ «É ¬√“¬π’¡È ¿’ “«– hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis ‚¥¬∑’Ë¡’ hypokalemia, urine pH > 7.0 ·≈– urine net charge‰¥âº≈‡ªìπ∫«° ·¡â«à“ºŸâªÉ«¬®–‰¡à‰¥â √—∫°“√µ√«®À“ fractional excretion ¢Õ߉∫§“√å∫Õ‡πµ „π°“√∑¥ Õ∫ bicarbonate loading ‡æ◊ËÕ π—∫ πÿπ ¿“«– pRTA ·µà‡π◊ÕË ß®“°ºŸªâ «É ¬¡’¿“«– renal glycosuria, hypophosphatemia, hypouricemia ·≈–æ∫¡’°“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬°√¥¬Ÿ√‘§ (fractional excretion ; FEuric= 44.7% §à“ª°µ‘ 4-14%) ‚´‡¥’¬¡ ·≈–‚æ·∑ ‡´’¬¡ „πªí “«– ∑”„Àâ §‘ ¥ ∂÷ ß Fanconiûs syndrome ∑’Ë —¡æ—π∏å°—∫¿“«– multiple myeloma IJM „πºŸâªÉ«¬√“¬π’È¡’°“√ π—∫ πÿπ°“√æ∫ light chains „πªí “«– ®“°°“√∑’Ë µ √«®æ∫ª√‘ ¡ “≥ ‚ª√µ’π®”π«π¡“°„πªí “«– (9,735 mg) „π¢≥–∑’Ë æ∫ª√‘¡“≥Õ—≈∫Ÿ¡‘π„π°“√µ√«®¥â«¬ urine dipstick ‡æ’¬ß 2+ ∑”„Àâ π—∫ πÿπ«à“ª√‘¡“≥‚ª√µ’π à«π„À≠à ∑’ËÕÕ°¡“„πªí “«–‡ªìπ‚ª√µ’πÕ◊Ëπ∑’ˉ¡à„™àÕ—≈∫Ÿ¡‘π √à«¡°—∫°“√µ√«®æ∫ urine Bence Jones ∑”„Àâ π—∫ πÿπ«à“‚ª√µ’πÕ◊ËπÊπ—Èππà“®–‡ªìπ light chain immunoglobulin πÕ°®“° light chains ®–∑”„À⇰‘¥ myeloma cast nephropathy ·≈â« ¬—ßÕ“®®–‰ª – ¡„π glomeruli ‡°‘¥‡ªìπ≈—°…≥–¢Õß light chain deposition disease À√◊ÕÕ“®‡°‘¥ amyloidosis ´÷ßË ºŸªâ «É ¬®–¡“¥â«¬Õ“°“√¢Õß nephritic syndrome (∫«¡, hypoalbuminemia ·≈– heavy proteinuria ‚¥¬ à«π„À≠à‡ªìπÕ—≈∫Ÿ¡‘π∑’Ë√—Ë« ÕÕ°¡“®“° glomeruli) ´÷Ë ß „πºŸâ ªÉ « ¬√“¬π’È ‰ ¡à æ ∫ ≈—°…≥–¥—ß°≈à“« “‡ÀµÿÕ◊Ëπ Ê ¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥¿“«–‰µ«“¬‡©’¬∫ æ≈—π„πºŸªâ «É ¬ multiple myeloma ‰¥â·°à hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, tubulointerstitial nephritis ·≈– hyperviscosity syndrome ‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬√“¬π’È ‰¡à¡’°“√µ√«®æ∫≈—°…≥–‡À≈à“π’È ®÷߉¡à§‘¥∂÷ß “‡Àµÿ µà“ß Ê ¥—ß°≈à“« Journal Reading Association between HLA-B* 1502 Allele and Antiepileptic Drug-induced Cutaneous Reactions in Han Chinese ∑’Ë¡“ Man CBL, Kwan P, Baum L, et al. Epilepsia 2007; 48:1015-8. √ÿª·≈–«‘®“√≥å ‚¥¬ √».πæ. ¡»—°¥‘Ï ‡∑’¬¡‡°à“ ¬“°—π™—°‡ªì𬓙π‘¥Àπ÷ßË ∑’æË ∫«à“°àÕ„À⇰‘¥°“√ ·æâ·∫∫º◊πË ¢÷πÈ ‰¥â∫Õà ¬ ‚¥¬º◊πË ∑’æË ∫¡’µß—È ·µà maculopapular exanthema (MPE) ®π√ÿπ·√ß¡“°Õ—πµ√“¬∂÷ß™’«µ‘ ‡™àπ Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) ·≈– drug hypersensitivity syndrome (HSS) ¬“°—π™—°∑’æË ∫°“√·æ≥â∫Õà ¬§◊Õ carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin ·≈– lamotrigine ‚¥¬ æ∫«à“ªí®®—¬∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡Õ“®‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ¢Õß°“√·æ⬓‰¥â ‡™àπ °“√æ∫§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß HLA-B* 1502 °—∫°“√‡°‘¥ SJS ®“°¬“ carbamazepine °“√»÷°…“π’È ®÷ß¡’«—µ∂ÿª√– ߧå‡æ◊ËÕµâÕß°“√∑√“∫∂÷ߧ«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å √–À«à“ß HLA-B* 1502 °—∫°“√‡°‘¥º◊Ëπ·æ⬓°—π™—° „πºŸâªÉ«¬ Han Chinese IJM Vol. 7 No.1 “¢“«‘™“ª√– “∑«‘∑¬“ ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ «‘∏’°“√»÷°…“ °“√»÷ ° …“·∫∫ case-control, cohort „π ºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â¬“°—π™—°·≈–‡°‘¥º◊Ëπ¿“¬„π 8 —ª¥“Àå ‚¥¬‰¡à¡’ “‡ÀµÿÕ◊ËπÊ „πºŸâªÉ«¬ 24 √“¬ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ MPE 16 √“¬ ·≈– SJS À√◊Õ TEN 8 √“¬ ¡’ °≈ÿࡧ«∫§ÿ¡ 48 √“¬ º≈°“√»÷°…“ ºŸâªÉ«¬ severe cutaneous reaction (SCR) 8 √“¬ ·≈– MPE 16 √“¬ æ∫§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß HLA-B* 1502 °—∫ SCR √âÕ¬≈– 75 ‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫ °—∫°≈ÿࡧ«∫§ÿ¡‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– 14.5 (P-value 0.001) ‚¥¬æ∫∑ÿ°§π„πºŸâªÉ«¬ SJS ·≈– TEN æ∫ 1 §π ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ HSS ·µà‰¡àæ∫§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫ MPE √“¬ ≈–‡Õ’¬¥¥—ßµ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 ·≈– 2 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 Number of subjects in each patient group taking different antiepileptic drugs Drug SCR MPE Controls CBZ LTG PB PHT TPM VPA Total 4 2 1 1 8 CBZ, carbamazepine; LTG, lamotrigine; MPE, maculopapular exanthema; PB, phenobarbital; 4 4 0 5 1 2 16 PHT, phenytoin; SCR, severe cutaneous reaction; TPM, topiramate; VPA, valproate. 72 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 09-journal reading 72 16 11 2 13 2 4 48 2/4/08, 13:24 µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 Characteristics of patients with severe cutaneous reactions Associating Type of SCR Patient Sex Agea (years) b AED 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 F M F M F F M M 28 23 53 10 53 41 14 44 CBZ CBZ CBZ CBZ PHT LTG PB LTG SJS SJS SJS TEN SJS TEN HSS HSS HLA-B* 1502 allele Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative AED, antiepileptic drug; CBZ, carbamazepine; HSS, drug hepersensitivity syndrome; LTG, lamotrigine; PB, phenobarbital; PHT, phenytoin; SCR, severe cutaneous reactions; SJS, Stevens Johnson syndrome; TEN, toxic epidermal necrolysis. a «‘®“√≥å ¬“°—π™—°Õ◊ËπÊ π—Èπ ¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¡à Ÿßª√–¡“≥ 1:10,000 ·≈– à«π¡“°·≈â«∂â“·π–π”ºŸªâ «É ¬≈à«ßÀπâ“«à“∂â“¡’Õ“°“√ §—πÀ√◊Õº◊Ëπ¢÷Èπ‡≈Á°πâÕ¬„Àâ√’∫À¬ÿ¥¬“·≈â«¡“æ∫·æ∑¬å ∑—π∑’ ‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥ SCR π—ÈππâÕ¬¡“° °“√»÷°…“π’æÈ ∫§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß HLA-B* 1502 °—∫°“√·æ⬓·∫∫ SCR ™—¥‡®π ‚¥¬‡©æ“–¬“ CBZ ´÷Ëß°Á®–¡’ª√–‚¬™πå„π°“√»÷°…“µàÕ‰ª„πÕ𓧵 «à “ ºŸâ ªÉ « ¬°≈ÿà ¡ ‰Àπ∑’Ë ¡’ HLA ¥— ß °≈à “ « ®–‰¥â √–¡—¥√–«—ß„π°“√„™â¬“ ”À√—∫ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡Õß°Áπà“ ®–µâÕß»÷°…“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õ߬’π«à“„πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë·æ⬓ °—π™—°π—Èπ¡’¬’πÕ–‰√∑’Ëæ∫§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∫â“ß ‡æ◊ËÕ∑’Ë®– ™à«¬§—¥°√Õß·≈–≈¥‚Õ°“ °“√·æ⬓¥—ß°≈à“« Õ¬à“߉√°Á¡’°“√„™â¬“°—π™—°π—È𠧫√„™â‡©æ“– „π√“¬∑’Ë®”‡ªìπ‡∑à“π—Èπ À√◊Õ¡’¢âÕ∫àß™’È™—¥‡®π«à“µâÕ߉¥â ¬“°—π™—° ·≈–µâÕß·π–π”„À⺟âªÉ«¬À¬ÿ¥¬“∑—π∑’∂â“¡’ Õ“°“√„¥Ê °Áµ“¡∑’ Ë ß —¬«à“®–·æ⬓‚¥¬‡©æ“–º◊πË ∑’¢Ë π÷È °Á ® –≈¥‚Õ°“ °“√‡°‘ ¥ º≈Õ— π ‰¡à æ÷ ß ª√– ß§å ® “°¬“ °—π™—°‰¥â °“√»÷ ° …“π’È ‡ ªì π °“√»÷ ° …“Àπ÷Ë ß ∑’Ë æ ¬“¬“¡ À“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß°“√·æ⬓°—π™—°°—∫¬’π∑’Ëæ∫ „πºŸâªÉ«¬π—Èπ ®“°ª√– ∫°“√≥å°“√√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§ ≈¡™—°·≈–°“√„™â¬“°—π™—°√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§µà“ßÊ ‡™àπ trigeminal neuralgia À√◊Õ neuropathic pain Õ◊ËπÊ æ∫«à“¬“ CBZ ‡ªìπ¬“∑’ˉ¥âº≈¥’„π°“√√—°…“°“√™—° ·≈– neuropathic pain ·µà·æ∑¬å à«π„À≠à®–‰¡à°≈â“ „™â¬“ CBZ ‡æ√“–°≈—«‡√◊ËÕß°“√·æ⬓‚¥¬‡©æ“– SJS ·≈– TEN ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’°“√øÑÕß√âÕß·æ∑¬å°—π¡“°„π °√≥’¥—ß°≈à“« ‚¥¬ à«πµ—«·≈â«°“√·æ⬓ CBZ ·≈– « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 09-journal reading 73 2/4/08, 13:24 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 73 Vol. 7 No.1 «‘®“√≥å‚¥¬ √».πæ. ¡»—°¥‘Ï ‡∑’¬¡‡°à“ IJM ®“°º≈°“√»÷ ° …“π’È π— ∫ πÿ 𠧫“¡ — ¡ æ— π ∏å √–À«à“߬’π∑’Ëæ∫„πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë·æ⬓°—π™—°‚¥¬‡©æ“–¬“ carbamazepine ´÷Ëßπà“®–‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πåµàÕ°“√∑”𓬠‚Õ°“ °“√·æâ ¬ “¢ÕߺŸâ ªÉ « ¬„π·µà ≈ –°≈ÿà ¡ ª√–™“°√ µ“¡‡™◊ÈÕ™“µ‘‰¥â Age at development of SCR An associating AED is one that was commenced within 8 weeks prior to the development of SCR and no other causes were found for the SCR. b Special Article How to Success in International Publication «‘‚√®πå ‰««“π‘™°‘® Professor of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, China Editor, Journal of Medical Association of Thailand ∫∑π” ‡ªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫„π«ß«‘™“°“√„πªí®®ÿ∫—π«à“µ—« ™’È«—¥∑’Ë ”§—≠ª√–°“√Àπ÷Ëß §◊Õº≈ß“π°“√µ’æ‘¡æå„π «“√ “√ „π°“√ª√–‡¡‘ π µà “ ßÊ ¡— ° „™â ° “√µ’ æ‘ ¡ æå º≈ß“π«‘™“°“√„π«“√ “√‡ªìπÀ≈—°„π°“√æ‘®“√≥“ µ—¥ ‘𠇪ìπ§”∂“¡ ”À√—∫π—°«‘™“°“√«à“∑”Õ¬à“߉√ ®÷ ß ®–µ’ æ‘ ¡ æå º ≈ß“π„π√–¥— ∫ π“π“™“µ‘ ‰ ¥â ª √– ∫ §«“¡ ”‡√Á® „π∫∑§«“¡π’ȺŸâπ‘æπ∏å®–‰¥â· ¥ß∑—»π– „π‡√◊ËÕߥ—ß°≈à“« µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 º≈ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√∑’Ë¡’°“√µ’æ‘¡æå„π«“√ “√√–¥—∫π“π“™“µ‘ Vol. 7 No.1 ™π‘¥ 1. π‘æπ∏åµâπ©∫—∫ IJM 2. ∫∑§«“¡ª√‘∑—»πå À√◊Õ ∑∫∑«π«√√≥°√√¡ 3. ∫∑√“¬ß“πºŸâªÉ«¬ À√◊Õ°√≥’»÷°…“ 4. ‘Ëߪ√–¥‘…∞å À√◊Õπ«—µ°√√¡ 5. ®¥À¡“¬ —߇¢ª√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥ ‡ªì π ∫∑√“¬ß“πº≈°“√»÷ ° …“‡æ◊Ë Õ «‘ ®— ¬ ∑’Ë ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å µ“¡À≈—°°“√«‘®—¬ Õ“®¡’¢π“¥ —È𬓫‰¥â ‡ªìπ∫∑√«∫√«¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑“ß«‘™“°“√‡©æ“–‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë ‰¡à¡’Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õß°“√»÷°…“«‘‡§√“–À嵓¡À≈—° «‘∏’¢Õß°“√«‘®—¬ ‡ªìπ∫∑§«“¡· ¥ß°√≥’®”‡æ“– ´÷Ëß‚¥¬¡“°¡—° ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߢÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‡©æ“–√“¬∑’Ëπà“ π„® ‡ªìπ∫∑ √ÿª· ¥ßÕߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õß ‘Ëߪ√–¥‘…∞å À√◊Õπ«—µ°√√¡ ‡ªìπÀ≈—°∞“π¢Õß°“√∑¥≈Õß„™â µ“¡§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡ · ¥ß¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈§”«‘®“√≥åÀ√◊Õ√“¬ß“πº≈°“√»÷°…“ ‡∫◊ÕÈ ßµâπÕ◊πË Ê 74 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 10-Special Atical 74 2/4/08, 13:25 À≈—°°“√ √â“ßß“π«‘®—¬∑’Ë¥’ °“√‡¢’¬π∫∑§«“¡∑’Ë¥’π—Èπ µâÕßÕ“»—¬°“√Ωñ°Ωπ ·≈–µâÕß°“√≈ß¡◊Õ∑”®√‘ß ‚¥¬¡’À≈—°°“√∑’Ë ”§—≠¥—ßπ’È 1. ß“π‡¢’¬π∑’Ë¥’µâÕ߇√‘Ë¡®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ë¥’ ´÷Ëß °Á §◊ Õ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ®“°°“√«‘ ®— ¬ ∑’Ë ¥’ À√◊ Õ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ∑’Ë√ «∫√«¡ ®“°ß“πµ’æ‘¡æåπ—ÈπÊ ∑’Ë ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ªπ—°«‘®—¬¡—°®–¬ÿµ‘∫∑∫“∑·µà°“√«‘®—¬ à«ππâÕ¬∑’‡Ë ¢’¬π√“¬ß“πµàÕ à«ππâÕ¬∑’‡Ë ¢’¬π∫∑§«“¡ ®“°°“√«‘®—¬ ·≈– à«ππâÕ¬¡“°∑’Ë∑”°“√≈ßµ’æ‘¡æå„π √–∫∫π“π“™“µ‘ Õ“®‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°¢“¥æ◊Èπ∞“π ¢“¥ §«“¡§‘¥ À√◊Õ‰¡à™”π“≠¥â“π¿“…“ „π∑’Ëπ’È¢Õ‡ πÕ ·π–À≈—°°“√µà“ßÊ ¥—ßπ’È 1. ¿“…“ ‰¡à ‡ ªì π Õÿ ª √√§ „πªí ® ®ÿ ∫— π ¡’ ∫√‘°“√√—∫µ√«®¿“…“¡“°¡“¬ ·≈–∫“ß«“√ “√∂◊Õ«à“ ¿“…“‰¡à „ ™à ‡ §√◊Ë Õ ß°’ ¥ °— π ∑’Ë ® –√— ∫ µ’ æ‘ ¡ æå ∫ ∑§«“¡„π «“√ “√ 2. ∂‘µ‘ ¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπ §◊Õ∂Ÿ°µâÕß Õ“®µâÕß Õ“»—¬ºŸ‡â ™’¬Ë «™“≠∑“ß ∂‘µ™‘ «à ¬µ√«® Õ∫°àÕπ°“√µ’æ¡‘ æå 3. §«√ª√–¡“≥§«“¡ “¡“√∂¢Õßµπ‡Õß °àÕπ àßµ’æ‘¡æå §«√∑¥≈Õß®“°«“√ “√∑’Ë¡§’ «“¡¬“° ‰¡à¡“°°àÕπ ‡¡◊ËÕ™”π“≠·≈â«®÷ß àß„π√–¥—∫∑’ˬ“°¢÷Èπ ∫àÕ¬§√—Èß∑’Ë¡’π—°«‘®—¬√ÿàπ„À¡à ‡ ’¬°”≈—ß„®‡π◊ËÕß®“°∂Ÿ° ªØ‘‡ ∏°“√µ’æ‘¡æ宓°«“√ “√∑’Ë¡’√–¥—∫§«“¡¬ÿà߬“° 4. µâÕ߉¡à∑‘Èß À“°∂Ÿ°ªØ‘‡ ∏∫∑§«“¡ §«√ ∑”°“√ àßµ’æ¡‘ æå„À¡à„π«“√ “√∑’¡Ë √’ –¥—∫§«“¡¬“°≈¥≈ß ·≈–§«√ª√— ∫ ª√ÿ ß µâ π ©∫— ∫ ‡∑à “ ∑’Ë ∑”‰¥â µ “¡¢â Õ ‡ πÕ « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 10-Special Atical 75 2/4/08, 13:25 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 75 Vol. 7 No.1 À≈—°°“√‡¢’¬π∫∑§«“¡∑’Ë¥’ À≈—°°“√ àß∫∑§«“¡ ‘Ëßµ’æ‘¡æå „Àâª√– ∫ §«“¡ ”‡√Á® IJM °“√®–‰¥â∫∑§«“¡∑’Ë¥’µâÕ߉¥â¡“®“°ß“π«‘®—¬ ∑’Ë¥’ ∑—Èßπ’ÈÀ≈—°°“√ √â“ßß“π«‘®—¬∑’Ë¥’ √ÿª‰¥âßà“¬Ê ¥—ßπ’È 1. §π«‘ ®— ¬ µâ Õ ß‡ªì π §π∑’Ë ¡’ ° “√«“ß·ºπ ¡’ √–∫∫√–‡∫’¬∫∑’Ë™—¥‡®π ·≈–∑«π Õ∫‰¥â 2. ºŸâ √â“ßß“π«‘®—¬µâÕ߇ªìπºŸâ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ¥’„π ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë∑”°“√»÷°…“ µâÕß¡’°“√∑∫∑«π«√√≥°√√¡¡“ °àÕπ∑”°“√«‘®—¬ 3. ºŸâ √â “ ßß“π«‘ ®— ¬ µâ Õ ß¡’ § «“¡√Ÿâ æ◊È π ∞“π∑’Ë ”§—≠§◊Õ À≈—°°“√∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å À≈—°°“√¢Õß°“√ «‘®—¬ ·≈–À≈—°°“√∑“ß«‘™“ ∂‘µ‘ 4. ºŸ∑â ”«‘®¬— µâÕß¡’§«“¡¢¬—πÕ¥∑π·≈–´◊ÕË —µ¬å ∑—Èßπ’È ‘Ëß®”‡ªìπ∑’˵âÕß¡’ ”À√—∫π—°«‘®—¬‰¥â·°à 1. µâÕß¡’§«“¡§‘¥ √â“ß √√§å µâ Õ ß«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå — ß ‡°µ ‘Ë ß √Õ∫µ— « ‡æ◊Ë Õ π”¡“µ—È ß §”∂“¡π” Ÿà°“√«‘®—¬ ¥—ßµ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë ”§—≠√–¥—∫‚≈° §◊ Õ ‡√◊Ë Õ ß‡≈à “ ‡°’Ë ¬ «°— ∫ °“√ — ß ‡°µ¢Õß·Õª‡ªîô ≈ ¢Õß ‡´Õ√å‰Õ·´°π‘«µ—π ∑’πË ”¡“ Ÿ°à “√§âπæ∫°Æ·√ß‚πâ¡∂à«ß ¢Õß‚≈° 2. µâÕß¡’ µ‘ªí≠≠“ µ‘ªí≠≠“¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠ À“°‰¡à¡’§«“¡©≈“¥ ·≈â« ¬àÕ¡‰¡à “¡“√∂‡√’¬π√Ÿâ∑’Ë®–§‘¥«‘‡§√“–ÀåµàÕ‰ª‰¥â 3. µâÕß°≈â“≈ß¡◊Õ∑” °“√«‘®—¬∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß®–‰¡à¡’∑“ß ”‡√Á® À“°‰¡à¡’ °“√≈ß¡◊Õ∑”®√‘ß ´÷Ëß°“√°≈â“≈ß¡◊Õ∑”„π ‘Ëß∑’Ë¥’π—È π ®— ¥ «à “ ‡ªì 𠧫“¡°≈â “ À“≠∑“ß®√‘ ¬ ∏√√¡∑’Ë ”§— ≠ ª√–°“√Àπ÷Ëߥ⫬ 2. µâÕßµ—ÈßÀ—«‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë™—¥‡®π°àÕπ‡¢’¬π ∑” ‚§√߇√◊ËÕ߉«â°àÕπ®–‰¥â‡¢’¬π‰¡àÕÕ°πÕ°‡√◊ËÕß 3. »÷°…“√–‡∫’¬∫«“√ “√∑’µË ß—È „®®– à߉ªµ’æ¡‘ æå «à“¡’·π«∑“ßÕ¬à“߉√µâÕß»÷°…“„Àâ≈–‡Õ’¬¥·≈–ªØ‘∫—µ‘ µ“¡¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 4. ‡¢’¬π∫∑§«“¡‡ √Á®·≈⫵âÕßÕà“π∑∫∑«π ‚¥¬Õà“π¥â«¬µπ‡Õß°àÕπ ·≈–Õ“®„À⺟⇙’ˬ«™“≠„π “¢“‡¥’ ¬ «°— π Õà “ π∑∫∑«π‡æ◊Ë Õ ¢Õ§”·π–𔵓¡ §«“¡‡À¡“– ¡ 5. §«“¡√Ÿâ∑’Ë ”§—≠ ”À√—∫°“√‡¢’¬π∫∑§«“¡ §◊Õ§«“¡√Ÿâ∑“ß¿“…“·≈–«“√ “√»“ µ√å °‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“» ºŸπâ æ‘ π∏å¢Õ‡ πÕ°‘µ°‘ √√¡ª√–°“»§◊Õ Professor Singhal ª√–‡∑»Õ— ß °ƒ… ·≈– Professor Dow ª√–‡∑»®’π ∑’ˉ¥â·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ∑—»π– §«“¡§‘¥∑’ˉ¥âπ” ¡“Õâ“ßÕ‘ß„π√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õß∫∑§«“¡π’È IJM Vol. 7 No.1 ·π–¢ÕߺŸâ∑√ߧÿ≥«ÿ≤‘¢Õß«“√ “√ 5. À“°‰¥â√—∫¢âÕ·π–π”„Àⷰ≢®“°«“√ “√ µâÕß√’∫∑”°“√·°â‰¢‡∑à“∑’Ë∑”‰¥â„Àâ‡√Á«∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‘Ëß∑’ˉ¡à§«√°√–∑”§◊Õ °“√‚µâ·¬âß°—∫ºŸâ∑√ß §ÿ≥«ÿ≤‘ ·µà§«√¢Õ∫§ÿ≥∑ÿ°§”·π–π”®“°ºŸâ∑√ߧÿ≥ «ÿ≤‘¢Õß«“√ “√π—Èπ 76 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 10-Special Atical 76 2/4/08, 13:25 IJM Vol. 7 No.1 §”·π–π” ”À√—∫ºŸâ‡¢’¬π∫∑§«“¡ ✬ «“√ “√Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√åÕ’ “π‡ªìπ«“√ “√∑’Ë¡’«—µ∂ÿª√– ߧåÀ≈—°‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√ à߇ √‘¡°“√»÷°…“µàÕ‡π◊ËÕߢÕß·æ∑¬å ‡«™ªØ‘∫µ— ∑‘ «—Ë ‰ª ·æ∑¬å‡«™»“ µ√å§√Õ∫§√—« ·≈–Õ“¬ÿ√·æ∑¬å∑ª’Ë Ø‘∫µ— ß‘ “π„π¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ‡ªìπÀ≈—° ✬ à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß∫∑§«“¡ ‰¥â·°à ∫∑∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ topic review, recent advances, interesting case, original article, mortality-morbidity conference, arterial blood gas conference, ECG conference electrolyte, conference, journal reading, quiz ‰¥â·°à skin quiz, infectious photo quiz, ·≈–°‘®°√√¡°“√ª√–™ÿ¡«‘™“°“√ ✬ ∫∑§«“¡µà“ßÊ “¡“√∂‡¢’¬π‰¥â∑—Èß¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…·≈–¿“…“‰∑¬ °“√‡≈◊Õ°æ‘®“√≥“«à“§”„¥‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ¿“…“„¥¢÷Èπ Õ¬Ÿà°—∫¥ÿ≈¬æ‘π‘®¢ÕߺŸâ‡¢’¬π«à“¿“…“„¥ “¡“√∂ ◊ËÕ§«“¡À¡“¬‰¥â¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥ ✬ Õ—°…√¬àÕ §”„¥∑’˵âÕß°“√„™âÕ—°…√¬àÕ„π§√—Èß·√°∑’ˇ¢’¬π∂÷ߧ”π—È𠧫√‡¢’¬π§”‡µÁ¡·≈–«ß‡≈Á∫Õ—°…√¬àÕ µàÕ®“° π—Èπ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’°“√‡¢’¬π∂÷ߧ”π—ÈπÕ’° „Àâ„™âÕ—°…√¬àÕ·∑π ✬ Topic review §◊Õ∫∑§«“¡∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–°“√∑∫∑«π«√√≥°√√¡µà“ßÊ Õ¬à“ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥å„π‡√◊ËÕßπ—È𠧫√‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß ∑’Ëæ∫∫àÕ¬ ¡’º≈µàÕ°“√¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“¡“°À√◊Õ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë°”≈—ßÕ¬Ÿà„𧫓¡ π„®„π¢≥–π—Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√∑∫∑«π Õߧ姫“¡√Ÿâ∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà„À⥒¢÷Èπ ✬ Recent advances §◊Õ∫∑§«“¡∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡©æ“–§àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß ·≈–¡’¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å„À¡à ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⺟âÕà“π‰¥â√—∫ ∑√“∫§«“¡√Ÿâ„À¡à„π‡√◊ËÕßπ—Èπ ✬ Interesting case §◊Õ√“¬ß“πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ë¡’§«“¡πà“ π„®„π¥â“πµà“ßÊ ´÷ËßÕ“®‡ªìπºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ëæ∫∫àÕ¬ À√◊ÕºŸâªÉ«¬ ∑’Ëæ∫‰¥â ‰¡à∫àÕ¬ ·µà¡’§«“¡πà“ π„® ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⺟âÕà“π‰¥âµ√–Àπ—°∂÷ß‚√§À√◊Õ¿“«–¥—ß°≈à“« Õ—π®–𔉪 Ÿà°“√¥Ÿ·≈ √—°…“ºŸªâ «É ¬∑’¥Ë ¢’ π÷È µàÕ‰ª ✬ Original article §◊Õ°“√𔇠πÕº≈ß“π«‘®—¬¢Õß·æ∑¬åª√–®”∫â“π ·æ∑¬åºŸâ„Àâ —≠≠“ ·æ∑¬åµàÕ¬Õ¥ Õ“®“√¬å ·æ∑¬å ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ °≈ÿà¡ß“πÕ“¬ÿ√°√√¡‚√ß欓∫“≈»Ÿπ¬å ¢Õπ·°àπ·≈–·æ∑¬åºŸâ π„® ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√‡º¬·æ√àÕߧ姫“¡√Ÿâ„À¡à∑’ˉ¥â®“°ß“π«‘®—¬ ✬ Mortality-Morbidity conference §◊Õ°“√ √ÿª√“¬ß“πºŸâªÉ«¬∑’Ëπà“ π„®·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘µ √«¡∑—ÈßÕ“®¡’¢âÕº‘¥æ≈“¥ ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π√–À«à“ß°“√√—°…“‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪 Ÿà°“√·°â‰¢·≈–ªÑÕß°—π¢âÕº‘¥æ≈“¥„π°“√¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬√“¬µàÕ‰ª ✬ Arterial blood gas, electrocardiography (ECG) ·≈– electrolyte conference §◊Õ°“√ √ÿªºŸâªÉ«¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ °“√µ√«® arterial blood gas, ECG À√◊Õ electrolyte ·≈â«æ∫§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘∑’Ëæ∫∫àÕ¬À√◊Õπà“ π„® √«¡∂÷ß π”‡ πÕ«‘∏’°“√·°â‰¢·≈–√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬„À⥒¢÷Èπ ´÷Ëß®–𔉪 Ÿà°“√¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬Õ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß¢÷Èπ ✬ Journal reading §◊Õ°“√¬àÕ«“√ “√∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å∑’Ëπà“ π„®·≈–«‘®“√≥å«“√ “√‡√◊ËÕßπ—Èπ ‚¥¬Õ“®“√¬å∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ π„®·≈–™”π“≠ Õ—π𔉪 Ÿà°“√Õà“π«“√ “√∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬åÕ¬à“ß¡’§ÿ≥§à“¡“°¢÷Èπ ✬ Quiz §◊Õ °“√𔇠πÕ¿“溟âªÉ«¬ º≈°“√¬âÕ¡‡™◊ÈÕ°àÕ‚√§µà“ßÊ ≈—°…≥–‡©æ“–ºŸâªÉ«¬∫“ß‚√§∑’Ëπà“ π„® À√◊Õ √Õ¬‚√§∑’Ëæ∫„πºŸâªÉ«¬µà“ßÊ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⺟âÕà“π‰¥âΩñ°∑∫∑«π·≈–µÕ∫§”∂“¡∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕßπ—Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥§«“¡µ◊Ëπµ—« „π°“√Õà“π«“√ “√ ✬ °‘®°√√¡°“√ª√–™ÿ¡«‘™“°“√ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⺟âÕà“π‰¥â∑√“∫∂÷ß°‘®°√√¡µà“ßÊ ∑’ˉ¥â®—¥¢÷Èπ‚¥¬¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥– ·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ À√◊Õ°≈ÿà¡ß“πÕ“¬ÿ√°√√¡ ‚√ß欓∫“≈»Ÿπ¬å¢Õπ·°àπ √«¡∂÷ß°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ «‘™“°“√Õ◊ËπÊ ∑’Ëπà“ π„® 80 « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 12-Kamnaenam 80 2/4/08, 13:26 ‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß 1. °”Àπ¥À¡“¬‡≈¢‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ßµ“¡≈”¥—∫∑’ËÕâ“ß„π∫∑§«“¡„™âµ—«‡≈¢Õ“√∫‘§‡ªìπ‡≈¢¬° 2. °“√‡¢’¬π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß„Àℙⵓ¡·∫∫¢Õß Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (JAMA 1993; 269: 2282-6.) 3. ™◊ËÕ¬àÕ¢Õß«“√ “√„Àℙⵓ¡ Index Medicus µ—«Õ¬à“ß°“√‡¢’¬π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß √».πæ. ¡»—°¥‘Ï ‡∑’¬¡‡°à“ “¢“«‘™“ª√– “∑«‘∑¬“ ¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ¢Õπ·°àπ 40002 E-mail: [email protected] àßµâπ©∫—∫ 1 ™ÿ¥ æ√âÕ¡ diskettes ∂Ⓡªìπ√Ÿª„Àâ save ‡ªìπ ™◊ËÕ ‰ø≈å.jpg µ“√“ß√Ÿª¿“æ À√◊Õ°√“ø„À⇵√’¬¡µâπ©∫—∫·¬°ÕÕ°®“∫∑§«“¡ √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥µà“ßÊ „Àâ∂Õ◊ √Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß∫∑§«“¡„π«“√ “√‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ß (‰¡àµâÕß®—¥‡ªìπ 2 §Õ≈—¡πå) « “ √ “ √ Õ “ ¬ÿ √ » “ µ √å Õ’ “ π ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 12-Kamnaenam 81 2/4/08, 13:26 ¡°√“§¡ › ¡’π“§¡ 2551 81 Vol. 7 No.1 µ‘¥µàÕ àß∫∑§«“¡‡æ◊ËÕµ’æ‘¡æå∑’Ë . . . IJM 1. «“√ “√∑—Ë«‰ª ™◊ËÕºŸâ·µàß. ™◊ËÕ∫∑§«“¡. ™◊ËÕ«“√ “√ ªïæ‘¡æå; ªï∑’Ëæ‘¡æå: Àπâ“·√°-Àπâ“ ÿ¥∑⓬. π≈‘π∑‘æ¬å µ”π“π∑Õß. °“√»÷°…“™—°π”°√–· ª√– “∑¢Õ߇ âπ¡’‡¥’¬π·≈–Õ—≈πà“. »√’π§√‘π∑√凫™ “√ 2529; 1 : 11-20. Scully RE. Gonadoblastoma : a review of 74 cases. Cancer 1970; 25: 1340-56. „π°√≥’∑’˺Ÿâ‡¢’¬π ¡“°°«à“ 6 §π „™â‡¢’¬π§”«à“ et al À√◊Õ ·≈–§≥– µàÕ∑⓬™◊ËÕºŸâ·µàߧπ∑’Ë 3 2. Àπ—ß ◊Õ ™◊ËÕºŸâ·µàß. ™◊ËÕÀπ—ß ◊Õ. ∂“π∑’Ëæ‘¡æå : ”π—°æ‘¡æå, ªï∑’Ëæ‘¡æå. «‘π—¬ ÿµ∂’, ¡πµ√’ µŸâ®‘π¥“. ¿“«–©ÿ°‡©‘π∑“ß°ÿ¡“√‡«™»“ µ√å. °√ÿ߇∑æœ: ∫’ ‡Õø ‰Õ, 2522. Ellenberger C.Perimetry: principles, technique and interpretation. New York: Raven Press, 1980. 3. ∫∑„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ ™◊ËÕºŸâ‡¢’¬π. ™◊ËÕ∫∑„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ. „π : ™◊ËÕ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√. ™◊ËÕÀπ—ß ◊Õ. ∂“π∑’Ëæ‘¡æå : ”π—°æ‘¡æå. ªï∑’Ëæ‘¡æå: Àπâ“·√°-Àπâ“ ÿ¥∑⓬. °‘®®“ ‘π∏«“ππ∑å. ∫“¥‡®Á∫∑’Ë°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√·≈–¥Ÿ‚Õ¥’π—Ë¡. „π: ‡ª√¡ ∫ÿ√’, ∑Õߥ’ ™—¬æ“π‘™, ∫°.‡™‘ߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√ °“√∫“¥‡®Á∫. °√ÿ߇∑æœ: ”π—°æ‘¡æå °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√, 2520: 70-3. Stacher G, Steinringer H. Schmierer G. Effects of the synthetic enkephalin analogue FK 33-824 on colonic motor activity in healthyman. In: Christensen J, ed. Gastrointestinal Motility. New York: Raven Press, 1980:44-50. 4. ‘Ëßµ’æ‘¡æå¢ÕßÕߧå°√µà“ßÊ National Statistical Office. The survey of population changes. Bangkok : Office of the Prime Minister. 1974-1976. «“√ “√ ISSN 1685 3091 «“√ “√Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√åÕ’ “π ë ë Dermatologic Adverse Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy ë Diagnostic Test for Latent TB Infection ë Abdominal Pain with Hypertension ë ‚√§∫“¥∑–¬—°„π‚√ß欓∫“≈Õÿ¥√∏“π’ ë Stroke in the Young in Udonthani Hospital ë °“√»÷°…“ “‡Àµÿ¢Õߧ«“¡‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√„™â¬“ ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‚√§≈¡™—° ë Fast Track Acute STEMI „π‚√ß欓∫“≈ ¡À“√“™π§√√“™ ’¡“ ë Tetanus ë Arrythmia in COPD and Bronchiectasis Patient ë Dyspnea in Patient with Bronchiectasis ë Bone Pain and Hyperchloremic Metabolic Acidosis ë How to Success in International Publication ªï∑’Ë 7 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ - ¡’π“§¡ 2551 cover Ayurasat 4 1 2/4/08, 14:29
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