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1. The location of the Inca civilization of South America
demonstrates the
A)
B)
C)
D)
importance of trade with western Europe
ability of humans to adapt the environment
influence of cultural diversity
complexity of indigenous belief systems
2. Which statement best describes Aztec civilization at the
time of the Encounter?
A) Small groups of nomadic clans competed for food.
B) Various ethnic groups had representation in a
legislative body.
C) Absence of a social class structure created unsettled
living conditions.
D) Advanced agricultural practices supported large
urban centers.
3. Base your answer to the following question on the
passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.
...In the 1930s, Slyvanus G. Morley of Harvard,
probably the most celebrated Mayanist of his day,
espoused [argued for] what is still the best-known
theory: The Maya collapsed because they overshot
the carrying capacity of their environment. They
exhausted their resource base, began to die of
starvation and thirst, and fled their cities en masse,
leaving them as silent warnings of the perils of
ecological hubris [overconfidence]...
-Charles C. Mann, 1491: New Revelations of the
Americas Before Columbus
According to this passage, what was a major question
Morley was trying to answer about the Mayas in the
1930s?
A) Why did the Mayas abandon their cities?
B) What was the structure of the Maya governments?
C) How did religious beliefs affect the Maya
economy?
D) Which neighboring city-state conquered the Mayas?
4. Which situation was an immediate cause for the collapse
of the Aztec civilization?
A)
B)
C)
D)
disruption of overseas trade networks
conquest by foreigners
a series of crop failures
a lack of military training
5. One way in which the people of the Tibetan kingdom
and the people of the Inca Empire are similar is that they
A)
B)
C)
D)
developed coastal ports
adapted mountainous terrains
designed ships to conduct global trade
introduced camel caravans as their primary form of
transportation
6. One way the Incas adapted their environment was by
A)
B)
C)
D)
building a network of roads through the mountains
growing rice as a major agricultural product
establishing an encomienda system
creating floating gardens
7. Which factor most influenced the development of
diverse cultures in pre-Columbian South America?
A)
B)
C)
D)
trade agreements
geographic features
imported religious ideas
peasant revolts
8. A study of the achievements of pre-Columbian
Mesoamerican cultures would show that they
A) sustained dense populations through intensive
agriculture
B) engaged in an extensive exploration of the Pacific
Ocean
C) built vehicles with wheels to transport goods
D) developed rice paper and wood-block printing
9. Base your answer to the following question on the
graphic organizer below and your knowledge of Social
Studies.
11. A major agricultural advancement of the Incas was the
A)
B)
C)
D)
domestication of cattle
use of a steel plow
terracing of mountains for farming
development of floating gardens
12. Which phrase best completes the partial outline below?
I. Achievements of the Incas
A. ______________________
B. Kept records using quipus
C. Built stone structures without using mortar
A)
B)
C)
D)
Cast bronze statues
Created a system of terrace farming
Invented a foot stirrup
Developed chariots
13. The ancient cultures of both the Incas and the Chinese
adapted to the physical geography of their region by
Which title best completes this graphic organizer?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Characteristics of the Inca Golden Age
Reasons for the Reconquista
Results of Lenin's New Economic Plan
Features of the Marshall Plan
10. Base your answer to the following question on the
illustration below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
A) developing terrace farming on hillsides
B) building chariots to protect their open plains
against invaders
C) becoming maritime traders
D) constructing harbors to encourage exploration
14. The Aztec use of the calendar and the Maya writing
system both illustrate that pre-Columbian cultures in
the Americas
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which element of civilization is most clearly shown in
this Maya artwork?
A)
B)
C)
D)
urbanization
a system of education
a code of laws
social classes
traded extensively with Africa
flourished prior to European contact
declined because of invasion and disease
converted others to Islam
15. Base your answer to the following question on the map
below and on your knowledge of social studies.
17. The Encounter occurred as a result of European
explorers crossing the
A) Atlantic Ocean
C) Andes Mountains
B) Sahara Desert
D) Mediterranean Sea
18. One reason Spain sponsored the first voyage of
Columbus to the west was to
A)
B)
C)
D)
find a more direct trade route to Asia
obtain military technology
make contact with the Empire of Benin
trade in established ports in the Americas
19. Why is the year 1492 considered a turning point in
history?
A) The Spanish established an exchange between
Europe and the Americas.
B) The Ming dynasty launched expeditions to the east
coast of Africa.
C) Muslim Arab armies succeeded in conquering
Egypt and Syria.
D) The British established control over new territories
in India.
20. The encomienda system, the latifundia form of land
ownership, and the office of viceroy are all closely
associated with
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which conclusion about the Inca city of Machu Picchu
can be drawn from the map?
A) Religious activities were prohibited in this city.
B) The city was a ceremonial site, not a place of
permanent settlement.
C) Community planning and an organized way of life
are not evident in this city.
D) The city had a government with laws, leadership,
and a military force.
16. Why is Ferdinand Magellan's voyage considered a
turning point in world history?
A) Portugal's claims to southern Africa were
established.
B) His ship was the first to land in the Americas.
C) One of his ships was the first to circumnavigate
Earth.
D) Britain's control of the seas ended.
Spanish rule in Latin America
pre-Columbian practices of Native Americans
attempts to halt the drug trade in South America
reduction of trade barriers in the Western
Hemisphere
21. What was a result of the efforts of Prince Henry of
Portugal, Christopher Columbus, and Ferdinand
Magellan?
A) The importance of Mediterranean trade routes was
established.
B) The modem concept of universal human rights
was promoted.
C) The European view of the physical world was
transformed.
D) An understanding of the benefits of cultural
diversity was encouraged.
22. New scientific knowledge and understandings that
developed during the Scientific Revolution were most
often based on
A)
B)
C)
D)
25. Base your answer to the following question on the map
below and on your knowledge of social studies.
observation and experimentation
church law and faith
superstition and ancient practices
geometric formulas and astrology
23. Advances in navigation technology and the desire of
Europeans to obtain goods from Asia are most closely
associated with the
A)
B)
C)
D)
rise of feudalism
Agricultural Revolution
Age of Exploration
Age of Reason
24. The combined usage of the caravel, compass, and
astrolabe in the late 1400s helped bring about the
A)
B)
C)
D)
migration of the Bantu
exploration of the Americas
introduction of Buddhism to East Asia
voyages of Zheng He
The letter C indicates an area of Latin America that was
colonized mostly by the
A) Dutch
C) English
B) Portuguese
D) French
26. Base your answer to question on the chart below and on
your knowledge of social studies.
This chart of the Columbian exchange shows the
A) benefits of the exploration of Asia by Europeans
B) effects of the Middle Passage on the Americas
C) introduction of South American products into
North America
D) interaction of cultures between the Western and
Eastern hemisphere
27. Base your answer to the following question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.
The arrows on this map, "The African Diaspora," represent the
A)
B)
C)
D)
development of trade routes in North Africa
expansion of African kingdoms involved in the slave trade
forced migration of African peoples from their homeland
dependence by Africans on imports for economic development
28. The Middle Passage is best defined as
A) a route through the Swiss Alps
B) a narrow body of water connecting two larger
bodies of water
C) the forced journey of enslaved Africans to the
Americas
D) the expulsion of Muslims from Spain
29. What was a significant effect of the Columbian
exchange?
A) The Aztec conquered a vast empire.
B) Potatoes were introduced into the diet of some
Europeans.
C) Prince Henry the Navigator established a school
for sailors.
D) China closed its borders to foreigners.
30. Which statement best describes a result of the encounter
between Europeans and native populations of Latin
America?
A) Native societies experienced rapid population
growth.
B) European nations lost power and prestige in the
New World.
C) Large numbers of natives migrated to Europe for a
better life.
D) Plantations in the New World used enslaved
Africans to replace native populations.
Base your answers to questions 31 and 32 on the images below and on your knowledge of social studies.
31. Which historical event connects the activitv shmvn in hnage A to the activitv shown in Image B?
A) opening of the Silk Road trade
C) formation of the Hanseatic League
B) Columbian exchange
D) establishment of trans-Saharan trade
32. Which generalization is best supported by these images?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Potatoes have been a key source of food for diverse populations at various times.
The Inca produced more potatoes than any other civilization in history.
The only crop Irish women and children produced was potatoes.
Potatoes could only be grown in mountainous region
33. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the primary goal of
mercantilism as practiced by European countries was to
A) glorify the power and aggressiveness of the
military
B) create laws which guaranteed individual freedoms
C) teach the natives Christianity and offer them
protection in exchange for labor
D) increase their supply of gold and silver through a
favorable balance of trade
34. The Columbian exchange is most closely associated
with the beginnings of
A) mercantilism
C) mass production
B) humanism
D) scientific socialism
35. Which idea is most closely associated with the
economic concept of mercantilism?
A) Colonies exist to provide raw materials and
markets for a colonial power.
B) Wealth and power are based on land exchanged
between nobles.
C) Goods and services are traded without government
interference.
D) Property is owned collectively and administered
by the state.
36. Which social class controlled most of the political,
economic, and social power in colonial Latin America?
A) creoles
C) indigenous people
B) peninsulares
D) mestizos
37. Which country is responsible for the extensive colonial
use of the encomienda labor system?
A) England
C) the Netherlands
B) France
D) Spain
38. Why is Catholicism a major religion practiced in Latin
America?
A) Spain conquered and colonized much of Latin
America.
B) Disputes over international boundaries within
Latin America were settled by the pope.
C) The traditional beliefs of Africans were
incorporated into the cultures of Latin America.
D) The Church provided Latin America with a strong
central government.
39. Base your answer to the following question on the
41. After contact with Europeans in the 1500s, millions of
diagram below and on your knowledge of social studies.
native peoples in the Americas died as a result of
A) new foods, which the native peoples could not
digest
B) religious persecution resulting from the Spanish
Inquisition
C) new diseases to which the native peoples had no
natural immunity
D) slavery and the terrible conditions on their sea
journey to Europe
Which conclusion about Spanish colonialism in the
Americas can be drawn from this diagram?
A) The fewest people in the population had the
greatest power.
B) Africans and Native Americans were politically
powerful.
C) The peninsulares made up the majority of the
population.
D) Mestizos and mulattoes controlled the most land in
the colonies.
40. The encomienda system in colonial Latin America led
to the
A)
B)
C)
D)
use of forced labor
establishment of trade unions
increase in landownership by Native Americans
weakening of the power of peninsulares