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U.S. Government Semester 2--Final Exam
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
MAIN IDEAS
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1. A multi-party system
a. tends to produce a stable government.
b. helps one party win the support of a majority of voters.
c. is composed of parties with special interests.
d. promotes the ideological consensus of the public.
2. Which statement does NOT describe one type of minor party?
a. The members of a minor party are united by a particular group of viewpoints.
b. A minor party is a party that has broken away from a major party.
c. The members of a minor party tend to support the platform of a major party.
d. A minor party expresses discontent over the state of the economy.
3. Which of the following statements about Federalists is TRUE?
a. They called for a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
b. George Washington founded their party.
c. They were generally supported by farmers.
d. A strong national government was of great concern to them.
4. Over time, the ideas first developed by minor parties are often ____ by major parties.
a. ignored
c. suppressed
b. borrowed
d. attacked
5. Parties that hold a particular set of beliefs and have often supported Marxist thinking are known as
a. ideological parties.
c. splinter parties.
b. single-issue parties.
d. economic protest parties.
6. Which of the following is a sign of weakened political parties?
a. split-ticket voting
c. newly registered voters
b. straight-ticket voting
d. campaigning for party candidates
7. Which of the following groups has tended to support the Democratic party in recent decades?
a. the business community
c. union members
b. Protestants
d. white males
8. The two major parties have members who take all of the following roles EXCEPT
a. party leaders.
c. party independents.
b. loyal party members and voters.
d. party officeholders.
9. Which of the following is NOT a long-term trend marking the expansion of suffrage in the United States?
a. removing restrictive requirements based on religious belief
b. the Federal Government taking less of a role in protecting suffrage rights
c. eliminating requirements based on race
d. eliminating requirements based on tax payments
10. In the past, some States limited voting rights by
a. passing political socialization laws.
c. eliminating the literacy test.
b. charging a poll tax.
d. overruling grandfather clauses.
11. The phenomenon in which fewer votes are cast for offices farther down the ballot is called
a. voter alienation.
c. split-ticket voting.
b. straight-ticket voting.
d. ballot fatigue.
____ 12. All of the following are significant reasons for nonvoting in United States elections today EXCEPT
a. long term mental or physical illness or illness on an election day.
b. rules and regulations that make registration and voting cumbersome.
c. widespread use of religious and literacy tests.
d. apathy or distrust of politics.
____ 13. People with no sense of political efficacy
a. are also known as "cannot—voters."
b. only vote in off-year elections.
c. display a strong sense of party identification.
d. feel that any choice they make will have no effect.
____ 14. Today many States require that all voters
a. be citizens of the United States and residents of the State.
b. meet specific literacy requirements.
c. be familiar with the candidates and issues before voting.
d. be natural-born citizens of the United States.
____ 15. The single most significant predictor of a person's partisan voting behavior is his or her
a. party identification.
c. political efficacy.
b. educational background.
d. perceptions of government.
____ 16. Which of these State suffrage laws would violate some provision in the federal Constitution?
a. a law allowing voting rights to those 16 and 17 years old
b. a law denying the right to vote to any person convicted of a felony
c. a law setting a maximum age for voting
d. a law permitting aliens to vote
____ 17. To prevent fraudulent voting, most States require voters to
a. register.
c. pay a poll tax.
b. be able to read and write.
d. be a natural-born citizen.
____ 18. In general, more of the electorate votes
a. in primary or special elections.
b. in general federal elections.
c. in off-year elections.
d. for county offices, rather than for State offices.
____ 19. In the executive branch, the title of department is reserved for
a. agencies of Cabinet rank.
c. agencies of the judicial branch.
b. independent agencies.
d. agencies of congressional rank.
____ 20. The civil service system was finally established because of
a. President Washington's actions creating the tradition.
b. President Jefferson's support of political acceptability.
c. President Jackson's development of the spoils system.
d. President Garfield's assassination by an angry office seeker.
____ 21. Historically, the role of the Cabinet in the President's decision making may be described as
a. dependent on a President's use of it.
b. essential to the presidency.
c. unnecessary and a waste of time.
d. a key factor in the Framers' thinking.
____ 22. President Jackson supported the spoils system with all of the following arguments EXCEPT
a. only privileged people should be selected to fulfill public office.
b. the people are entitled to have the party they have placed in power controlling government
offices.
c. any average intelligent person can fulfill the duties of public office.
d. rotation in office is democratic.
____ 23. The MAIN purpose of the National Security Council is to
a. advise the President on all domestic, foreign, and military aspects of the nation's security.
b. carry out secret operations in other countries to further the nation's security.
c. provide support staff for the work of agencies like the FBI.
d. report on security threats made against the White House.
____ 24. Federal employees are permitted to do which of the following?
a. strike
b. use their position to influence elections
c. run in partisan elections
d. hold office in a political party
____ 25. Which one of the following agencies is a part of the Executive Office of the President?
a. Social Security Administration
b. Office of Management and Budget
c. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
d. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
____ 26. President William Howard Taft thought the Cabinet's role should be
a. entirely dependent upon the will of the President and his view of the Cabinet.
b. an important but not deciding factor in the President's decision making.
c. eliminated from the governmental structure.
d. the crucial factor in the President's decision making.
____ 27. Sometimes the Federal Government's power to levy taxes for nonrevenue purposes is denied by the Supreme
Court because
a. only taxes for revenue are truly constitutional.
b. Congress is trying to raise more money than necessary.
c. the tax provisions may interfere with a protected constitutional right.
d. the Supreme Court does not agree with Congress's stand on an issue.
____ 28. The Federal Government is able to borrow money at lower interest rates than private borrowers because
a. its securities are considered the safest possible investment.
b. interest rates are set by Congress.
c. it borrows over long periods of time.
d. it borrows mostly from State governments.
____ 29. Both corporate and individual income taxes are set at ____ rates.
a. high
c. regressive
b. progressive
d. low
____ 30. Two of the largest categories of federal spending are
a. Social Security and interest on the public debt.
b. costs for operating the legislative and the judicial branches of government.
c. the Department of Energy and the Department of Defense.
d. costs for operating the Executive Office of the President and funds appropriated to the
President.
____ 31. A person with a low income from an importing business, who receives large gifts of money from friends and
has no wealthy relatives, would prefer
a. a regressive income tax, low custom duties, high estate taxes, and low gift taxes.
b. a progressive income tax, high custom duties, low estate taxes, and low gift taxes.
c. a regressive income tax, high custom duties, low estate taxes, and high gift taxes.
d. a progressive income tax, low custom duties, high estate taxes, and low gift taxes.
____ 32. In recent decades, the Federal Government borrowed money mostly to
a. finance special expensive projects.
b. provide funds for crisis situations, such as wars and natural disasters.
c. pay the President's salary.
d. operate the government and pay previous years' debt.
____ 33. In developing the budget, the President's budget plan is referred to the
a. Office of Management and Budget for clarification.
b. Congressional Budget Office for implementation.
c. separate agencies for revision.
d. Budget Committee in each house of Congress for study.
____ 34. Which of the following statements about civil rights is NOT true?
a. Each person's rights are relative to the rights of others.
b. Rights sometimes conflict with one another.
c. Some rights may be limited in wartime.
d. Rights are extended only to citizens.
____ 35. The Free Exercise Clause gives people the right to
a. assemble and express their views on public matters.
b. hold meetings and parades on public streets without permits.
c. believe whatever they choose to believe in matters of religion.
d. exercise anywhere they choose.
____ 36. Which of the following statements about prior restraint is TRUE?
a. Prior restraints are usually upheld by the Supreme Court.
b. The Constitution guarantees the right of prior restraint.
c. The Supreme Court has only rarely upheld prior restraints.
d. Prior restraints are necessary to prevent censorship.
____ 37. Government has the right to make reasonable rules regulating assemblies
a. to uphold its limits on free speech.
b. to protect against the inciting of violence or the endangerment of life.
c. in situations that may involve protest against government policies.
d. if rules are applied individually regarding content.
____ 38. The Due Process Clause guarantees that
a. the National Government will not interfere with constitutional rights.
b. States are not bound by their State constitutions in matters of individual rights.
c. States will not deny people any basic or essential liberties.
d. State governments will police the National Government.
____ 39. Which of the following statements about commercial speech is TRUE?
a. It is legal to print false or misleading advertising only to benefit government-funded
products.
b. Cigarette ads are permitted on radio and television.
c. Federal law forbids pharmacies from advertising prescription drug prices.
d. Commercial speech is protected by the 1st and 14th amendments.
____ 40. Which has received the most limited 1st Amendment protection?
a. radio and television
c. movies
b. magazines
d. newspapers
____ 41. The Supreme Court has ruled that demonstrations on private property
a. are protected by the First Amendment.
b. are not protected by the First Amendment if demonstrators are trespassing.
c. have the same protections as those on public property.
d. are legal if speeches are given.
____ 42. The 10 amendments known as the Bill of Rights were originally intended as restrictions against
a. the already existing States.
b. any new States that would enter the Union.
c. the new National Government.
d. both the National Government and State governments.
____ 43. Without freedom of expression,
a. Congress would have too much power.
b. democracy could not exist.
c. all kinds of unpopular ideas would become popular.
d. States would have too much power.
____ 44. In deciding cases involving laws against sedition, the Supreme Court has
a. developed the "clear and present danger" rule.
b. established the excessive entanglement standard.
c. upheld the Alien and Sedition acts of 1798.
d. upheld the constitutionality of all such laws.
____ 45. A person may do as he or she chooses in this country
a. because the Constitution guarantees that right.
b. because the Supreme Court has ruled that to be a right.
c. as long as that person does not infringe on the rights of others.
d. as long as that person does not criticize others.
____ 46. The Free Exercise Clause gives people the right to
a. assemble on private property.
b. hold any religious beliefs.
c. offend public morals.
d. violate criminal law in the name of religion.
____ 47. Which of the following is NOT one of the public places in which people have a constitutional right to hand
out political literature?
a. streets
c. public parks
b. shopping centers
d. sidewalks
____ 48. The government can limit free speech or free press if the communication
a. is political.
b. seems offensive to some adults.
c. is advertising.
d. involves the picketing of an important business.
____ 49. An argument for government control of assemblies involves the
a. government's right to censor the content of public meetings.
b. duty of government to protect the public.
c. right of government to prevent demonstrations.
d. unnecessary picketing of businesses by strikers.
____ 50. The main reason that there is no exact definition of the due process guarantees is that the
a. Constitution is too specific.
b. guarantees protect citizens against unfair processes, but not unfair laws.
c. The Supreme Court only defines the guarantees on a case-by-case basis.
d. courts do not want to give away too much specific information to potential lawbreakers.
____ 51. The right to privacy inherent in the concept of due process has been applied with the most controversy
recently in cases involving
a. abortion.
c. bearing arms.
b. searches and seizures.
d. school attendance.
____ 52. Under the 2nd Amendment,
a. there is no limitation on the free flow of guns within the United States.
b. the States cannot limit a person's right to own a gun.
c. each State has the right to have a militia.
d. no citizen may own a gun.
____ 53. To have a fair trial, a person is guaranteed all of the following EXCEPT
a. trial within a reasonable time.
c. adequate defense.
b. trial by a jury.
d. media coverage if demanded.
____ 54. The main reason the Constitution dealt specifically with the crime of treason was that
a. treason was not considered a serious crime before the Constitution was written.
b. treason is a crime against the country, not against individuals.
c. the Framers knew the charge of treason can be used for political reasons.
d. the Framers wanted to prevent all treason in order to protect the democracy.
____ 55. The main purpose of the exclusionary rule is to
a. deter police misconduct.
b. prevent people who are clearly guilty from going free.
c. allow certain kinds of "tainted" evidence to be used in court.
d. allow for honest mistakes by police officers.
____ 56. The most important difference between procedural and substantive due process is that
a. substantive due process was recognized first by the Supreme Court.
b. procedural due process deals with governmental methods and how they are used, whereas
substantive due process deals with the fairness of laws.
c. the Supreme Court can rule on cases involving procedural due process but the States rule
on cases of substantive due process.
d. only procedural due process is covered under the 14th Amendment Due Process Clause.
____ 57. The guarantee against double jeopardy protects a person from being tried
a. for more than one crime committed at any one time.
b. twice for the same crime.
c. for a crime the person did not commit.
d. for a federal crime in a State court.
____ 58. The Supreme Court cases Jones v. Mayer (1968) and Runyon v. McCrary (1976) have
a. avoided dealing with the problem of discrimination by individuals against minorities.
b. strengthened the 13th Amendment by upholding the right of Congress to outlaw
discrimination against minorities.
c. weakened the 13th Amendment by denying Congress the right to outlaw discrimination.
d. said that charges of on-the-job discrimination should be handled according to the
discretion of the individual States.
____ 59. The inclusion of two due process clauses in the Constitution reflects the fact that
a. due process has two quite different meanings.
b. the Constitution is written poorly in regards to due process.
c. due process is very easy to define.
d. the Bill of Rights is for the National Government, and the 14th Amendment is for the
States and their local governments.
____ 60. A grand jury
a. decides the guilt or innocence of those accused of crimes.
b. conducts its proceedings in public.
c. issues an indictment when it finds enough evidence to warrant a trial.
d. plays a role in all federal and most State criminal cases today.
____ 61. The States' police power is defined as the right to
a. protect public health, safety, morals, and the general welfare.
b. punish those who commit crimes against the citizenry.
c. keep a militia and an armed law enforcement agency.
d. allow its citizenry to keep and bear arms.
____ 62. Which of the following statements about the 4th Amendment is TRUE?
a. It applies only to the States.
b. It prohibits all arrests made without a warrant.
c. It has been of little importance in our history.
d. It forbids unreasonable searches and seizures.
____ 63. For an arrest to be lawful, police must have either a warrant or
a. a bill of attainder.
c. a writ of habeas corpus.
b. probable cause.
d. a grand jury indictment.
____ 64. The writ of habeas corpus is intended to prevent
a. a prisoner from being tried for the same crime twice.
b. the accused from being brought before a judge.
c. the accused from being unjustly arrested and imprisoned without cause.
d. defendants from being denied a lawyer.
____ 65. Because the Supreme Court has never found the 2nd Amendment to be within the meaning of the 14th
Amendment's Due Process clause,
a. citizens are free to keep arms in their home without government restrictions.
b. States can limit the right to keep and bear arms.
c. citizens are strictly forbidden to keep guns in their homes.
d. States may not keep militias.
____ 66. The 6th Amendment's guarantee of a speedy and public trial is aimed at
a. deterring potential criminals by fear of swift and certain punishment.
b. trying those accused of crimes without undue delay and avoiding secret trials.
c. eliminating overcrowded dockets in the nation's criminal courts.
d. preventing jurors from being unduly influenced by public opinion.
____ 67. The only crime that is specifically defined in the Constitution is
a. espionage.
c. forceful government overthrow.
b. sabotage.
d. treason.
____ 68. Which is the MOST accurate description of the way minority groups historically have been treated in the
United States?
a. with complete equality
b. with reluctance to accept their equality
c. with a sincere recognition of their cultural differences
d. with willing acceptance of immigrants, but only forced acceptance of those minorities
already residing in the United States
____ 69. In regard to the issue of equality, the Constitution states that
a. all people are equal in all ways.
b. slaves should be equal to free people.
c. no person can be denied equal protection of the laws.
d. government cannot draw distinctions between persons and groups.
____ 70. With ____, the Federal Government hopes to overcome effects of past discrimination.
a. affirmative action
c. reverse discrimination
b. de facto segregation
d. denaturalization
____ 71. A person can become a citizen of the United States by all of the following means EXCEPT
a. being born in the United States.
b. being born beyond American jurisdiction to American parents.
c. by an act of Congress or a treaty.
d. illegally crossing the Mexican border into Texas.
____ 72. Over time, the makeup of the American population has become
a. more diverse.
c. less heterogeneous.
b. more stable.
d. less ethnic.
____ 73. In the past, women have been denied which of the following?
a. the right to own property
c. suffrage
b. educational opportunities
d. all of the above
____ 74. Laws that treat men and women differently
a. are always constitutional.
b. are always unconstitutional.
c. may be upheld by the Supreme Court if they meet certain criteria.
d. may be passed by Congress but not by States.
____ 75. De jure segregation
a. no longer exists in this country.
b. existed only in the South.
c. is caused mainly by housing patterns.
d. was the result of laws or other government actions.
____ 76. The Civil Rights Act of 1964
a. outlaws discrimination in public accommodations and hiring practices.
b. is not a meaningful piece of civil rights legislation.
c. does not apply to restaurants and eating-places.
d. does not include voting rights provisions.
____ 77. An amnesty program was established by the Immigration and Reform Act of 1986 to address which of the
following problems?
a. Undocumented aliens had troubled and divided many groups.
b. There was not enough border patrol officers to combat the problem of illegal immigration.
c. Employers were unwilling to hire undocumented aliens.
d. The establishment of a quota system had angered many immigrants.
____ 78. The continuing theme of immigration policy in the United States has been to
a. allow all refugees a safe haven.
b. help many from other countries become citizens of the United States.
c. exert limited control over who can enter the country.
d. adapt regulations to fit changing conditions at a particular time.
____ 79. One reason that women earn 80 cents for every dollar earned by men is that
a. they are in the minority.
b. on average, women are less capable for business than men.
c. on average, only low paying occupations were open to women.
d. historically, women have never formed labor unions to achieve equal pay.
____ 80. The first major Supreme Court case that challenged affirmative action was
a. University of California v. Bakke.
b. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.
c. Plessy v. Ferguson.
d. Hoyt v. Florida.
____ 81. The action of the Supreme Court in regards to job quotas has been to
a. uphold all quotas.
b. affirm that race is the only factor in making affirmative action decisions.
c. uphold quotas when they help overcome effects of long-standing biases.
d. deny the use of all quotas because they take rights away from people who are equally or
more qualified for certain positions.
____ 82. Undocumented aliens are those who enter the United States
a. across the Mexican or Canadian borders.
b. legally to work in seasonal jobs.
c. without following proper legal procedures.
d. as naturalized citizens.
____ 83. Which fact could NOT be used as an example of how minority groups have been treated in the United States?
a. African Americans have consistently faced unjust treatment.
b. Native Americans were forcibly moved to reservations.
c. Japanese Americans were moved to "war relocation camps."
d. Cuban Americans fled the Castro dictatorship.
____ 84. One test that the Supreme Court uses to determine the validity of laws that discriminate between groups of
people is the
a. Due Process test.
c. Constitution.
b. rational basis test.
d. Equal Protection test.
____ 85. Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe the Supreme Court decision in Brown v.
Board of Education of Topeka?
a. It reversed the earlier decision in Plessy v. Ferguson.
b. It held that segregation by race in public education is unconstitutional.
c. It quickly brought about integration of schools in this country.
d. It struck down the separate-but-equal doctrine in education.
____ 86. Which part of the Constitution declares that a person can become an American citizen either by birth or
naturalization?
a. 14th Amendment
c. the Bill of Rights
b. the Preamble
d. 13th Amendment
____ 87. The Constitution's statement regarding the equality of all persons can be found in both
a. the 14th Amendment and the Due Process Clause.
b. the Due Process Clause and the 5th Amendment.
c. the 14th Amendment and the rational basis test.
d. the separate-but-equal doctrine and the case of Orr v. Orr.
____ 88. The structure of the Chinese Communist Party is similar to that of
a. Mexico's Institutional Revolutionary Party.
b. the former Soviet Union's Communist Party.
c. the Japan Democratic Party.
d. the United Kingdom's Conservative Party.
____ 89. In today's Russia, the Communist party is
a. the official lawmaking body.
c. one of several political parties.
b. the central political authority.
d. denied the right to exist.
____ 90. Under the process of devolution, the British Parliament has reserved for itself exclusive powers in the areas of
a. agriculture, education and housing.
b. defense, foreign policy, and macroeconomic policy.
c. health services, education, and culture.
d. education, the environment, and health services.
____ 91. Which political party has dominated Japanese politics since the end of World War II?
a. Japan Communist Party
c. Liberal Democratic Party
b. New Frontier Party
d. Japan Socialist Party
____ 92. Today, the Republic of Taiwan regards China as
a. a sovereign ally.
c. its province.
b. an independent nation.
d. an autonomous region.
____ 93. In China's political structure, the central government's control over local subdivisions is best described as
a. direct.
c. loose.
b. indirect.
d. nonexistent.
____ 94. Which of the following statements best describes the regional and local government structure present in
Mexico today?
a. Mexico is a collection of autonomous provinces, each with their own president and
legislative bodies, eliminating the need for a local government structure.
b. Mexico is divided into 31 states and I Federal District, with each state providing for a
governor, unicameral legislature and state courts.
c. Mexico is a communist society, and because of this local government is subject to the
direct control of the ruling party.
d. Mexico is split between two Federal Districts, with each sharing authoritarian control and
giving little governing power to units of local government.
____ 95. Which of the following exerts the most influence over the policies and actions of Japan's House of
Representatives?
a. the Japan Socialist Party
c. the bureaucracy
b. the Supreme Court
d. the Liberal Democratic Party
____ 96. Unlike the Constitution of the United States, China's constitution is intended to
a. act as the absolute and fundamental law.
b. reflect current government policies.
c. promote democracy.
d. eliminate limits placed on human rights.
____ 97. One concern that socialists have about capitalism is that
a. it is much slower to take advantage of new technologies.
b. it concentrates benefits on the most needy in society.
c. it creates economic inequality within a society.
d. it deprives people of the freedom to decide for themselves how to use their income.
____ 98. An advantage of a sole proprietorship is that
a. it draws on the capital resources of more than one person.
b. the owner is not personally responsible for its debts.
c. it can continue indefinitely after the owner dies.
d. the owner can make business decisions quickly.
____ 99. In a mixed economy,
a. private enterprise competes with the government for economic dominance.
b. the government and private enterprise coexist as major participants.
c. all business enterprises are publicly owned, but privately managed.
d. the government directs all economic activity.
____ 100. Because private enterprise and government coexist together in American economic life, the economic system
is called a
a. federalist economy.
c. purely socialist economy.
b. mixed economy.
d. a quasi-command economy.
____ 101. The amount of money earned after subtracting the costs associated with that earning is known as
a. trust.
c. investment.
b. monopoly.
d. profit.
____ 102. The ideas of socialism developed in large part as a
a. reaction to poverty and hardships caused by the Industrial Revolution.
b. result of the struggle for bourgeoisie independence from the proletariat elite.
c. peaceful alternative to the violence associated with democracy.
d. voluntary movement towards a publicly managed free enterprise economy.
____ 103. The type of business organization whose income is subject to two taxes, one on profits and one on dividends,
is a
a. sole proprietorship.
c. corporation.
b. partnership.
d. monopoly.
____ 104. Which of the following actions or policies was based primarily on Marx's theory of socialism?
a. Deng's introduction of limited free enterprise in China
b. Stalin's practice of giving party officials all possible economic and social advantages
c. Gorbachev's introduction of the policies of perestroika
d. Communist party control of all social, political, and economic institutions
____ 105. According to communist theory, the value of a commodity is determined by the
a. Gosplan.
c. laws of supply and demand.
b. proletariat.
d. amount of labor put into it.
INTERPRETING CHARTS
Use the chart to answer the following questions.
____ 106. Which year began the shortest period of control by a major party?
a. 1913
c. 1977
b. 1933
d. 1981
____ 107. How many times between 1901 and 1997 did power transfer from Republicans to Democrats?
a. four
c. five
b. six
d. Nine
INTERPRETING GRAPHS
Use the graph to answer the following questions.
____ 108. What percentage of civil service employees are Hispanic?
a. 16.7%
c. 4.5%
b. 6.4%
d. 2%
____ 109. What percentage of civil service employees are men?
a. 44%
c. 60%
b. 56%
d. 71.3%
INTERPRETING POLITICAL CARTOONS
Use the cartoon to answer the following questions.
____ 110. The cartoonist depicts the democratic process as
a. delicate.
c. strong.
b. dying.
d. insensitive.
____ 111. In the cartoon, mass marching
a. is used to represent a democratic freedom.
b. endangers the democratic process.
c. is done to support only certain causes.
d. creates risks for the marchers.
____ 112. The cartoon deals with which of the guarantees in the Bill of Rights?
a. freedom of the press
c. freedom of religion
b. right of petition
d. all of the above
____ 113. Which statement BEST explains the point the cartoonist is trying to make?
a. Mass marching for causes will help carry the sometimes weakening democratic process
forward.
b. There is a danger that the democratic process can be harmed by mass marching for causes.
c. Mass marching for causes should be banned.
d. Mass marching for causes will destroy the democratic process.
INTERPRETING CHARTS
Use the chart to answer the following questions.
____ 114. In the chart, what label should appear in the box marked W?
a. Right to appeal
b. Verdict of jury
c. No third degree or coerced confession
d. Arrest on warrant or probable cause
____ 115. Which label should appear in the box marked Z?
a. Right to appeal
b. Verdict of jury
c. No third degree or coerced confessions
d. Arrest on warrant or probable cause
INTERPRETING POLITICAL CARTOONS
Use the cartoon to answer the following questions.
____ 116. What were these people's lives like before the situation depicted?
a. They were jobless because of the stagnant Soviet economy.
b. Their jobs were at risk because of their illegal activities.
c. They led the secure and privileged life of the Communist party elite.
d. They led the secure and privileged life of democratic reformers.
INTERPRETING POLITICAL CARTOONS
Use the chart to answer the following questions.
____ 117. The sculpture in the cartoon represents Karl Marx, who
a. developed the theory of laissez-faire.
b. believed that socialism could only be attained through the democratic process.
c. developed the basic concepts of communism.
d. was the first Soviet leader to put communist theory into action.
Essay
CRITICAL THINKING
118. Making Comparisons Compare and contrast the effects of controllable spending and uncontrollable
spending on the federal budget.
119. Distinguishing Fact from Opinion Jackson defended the spoils system by saying that long service in any
office by any person can lead to inefficiency and tyranny. Explain why you agree or disagree with this
statement.
120. Expressing Problems Clearly The text states that the all-important difference between a democracy and a
dictatorship lies in the extent of authority, not in authority itself. Why is this true?
121. Identifying Assumptions The Supreme Court has ruled that the use of mandatory death sentences for certain
crimes is unconstitutional. What assumptions about crimes and criminals are suggested by this ruling?
122. Identifying Alternatives How might the United States solve the problem of undocumented aliens?
123. Identifying Central Issues Discuss the rise of communism in Russia after World War I. How did the
Communist Party first seize power? Describe some examples of how power was kept in the hands of the
ruling party after Lenin's death in 1924.
124. Identifying Central Issues What were some of the causes of the failure of communism in the Soviet Union?
U.S. Government Semester 2--Final Exam
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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ESSAY
118. ANS:
Uncontrollable spending like Social Security benefits and other entitlements amount to almost 80 percent of
the budget, and are politically difficult to decrease. Controllable spending includes items like spending on aid
to education and environmental protection. Therefore, decreasing the budget would have to he done in those
areas that are controllable.
119. ANS:
Possible answer if the student agrees: People given positions of authority for an extended period of time may
become tyrannical and inefficient because there is no manner of accountability for their actions. They work as
servants of the public and need to be held responsible, by the people, for actions committed while in public
service. People with no fear of losing their jobs and no reprisal for their actions tend to act with their own
interests at heart and therefore may fail to perform their duties in an efficient manner. Possible answer if the
student disagrees: People get better at a job with practice and become more efficient rather than less efficient.
Whether a person is tyrannical in a job depends on personality rather than length of service.
120. ANS:
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Whether a government is a democracy or a dictatorship it must have some authority over the people. But in a
dictatorship, the authority is so great that people have no freedom. In a democracy, the authority is tempered
by a recognition of the rights and liberties of the people. The government's authority is limited so that the
people can enjoy individual freedom.
ANS:
The Supreme Court is assuming that people are different and commit crimes for different reasons, some of
which are less reprehensible than others. For example, murder by someone who is emotionally ill is
essentially different from murder by someone who is not. The assumption is that the punishment should be
different as well.
ANS:
One way might be to set up an incentive program to encourage those who want to live legally in the United
States to seek the proper documentation. It would be vital to set up, as before, a period of amnesty so the
people would not be frightened to come forward. The hiring of more workers for the INS could help alleviate
the problem, since limited staffing seems to have contributed to the problem.
ANS:
Communism first began to emerge in Russia in 1917 after the events of the Bolshevik Revolution. Led by V.I.
Lenin, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was brought to power and began a program of transforming
an underdeveloped, tradition bound nation into the world's first communist state. After Lenin's death in 1924,
Josef Stalin emerged as the new Soviet leader. In order to consolidate his power, Stalin embarked on a
program of purges, in an attempt to ensure the purification of his government. He achieved this by having his
rivals and millions of other dissidents jailed, exiled, or executed. Stalin also instituted an intense program of
industrialization, which forced the collectivization of all forms of agriculture and focused the country on
becoming a major industrial and military power.
ANS:
Communism in the former Soviet Union began to fail in 1985 when Mikhail Gorbachev became the leader.
He inherited an economic system that had not changed much in almost fifty years. Economic growth and
productivity had declined sharply. He instituted a policy of perestroika in which leaders gave more authority
to local farm and factory workers, loosened price controls, and allowed some profit incentives. The policy
raised expectations, but not productivity. Soviet bureaucrats resisted change, and poor harvests, strikes, and
shortages of food and consumer goods made conditions worse. The Communist Party and Gorbachev finally
gave up leadership of the economy and the country in 1991.