Implementation of a Colombian tropical high mountain conservation

IMPLEMENTATION OF A COLOMBIAN TROPICAL HIGH MOUNTAIN
CONSERVATION SEED BANK:
LIMITATIONS AND CHALLENGES
Laura Victoria Pérez-Martínez, MSc - Bank Seed Leader - Bogotá Botanical Garden José Celestino Mutis
2015 National Native Seed Conference
April 14th 2015
The World
Bogotá on Terrain
Bogotá
Investigation and Conservation of Capital Natural Area’s Flora as an Strategy of
Adaptation to Climate Change
PLANT PROPAGATION
BIOPROSPECTION
SEED BANK
• Conservation of plants out of its habitat
• Prolong seed viability through dry and
cold conditions
• Physiological, genetic and phytosanitary
quality
• Relation cost-effectiveness
• Complement of in situ conservation
INSTITUTION
Cardboard of Colombia
Cenicafé
Cenicaña
International Center of tropical
Agriculture (CIAT)
Coltabaco
CONIF
Corporación Autónoma Regional de los
Valles del Sinú y del San Jorge (CVS)
Federación Nacional de Cacaoteros
(Fedecacao)
ICA-CORPOICA
GROUPS BY SPECIES
USE / TYPE
Forestry
Coffee
Sugar cane
Beans, yucca and
tropical forages
Tobacco
Wood plants
ORGANIZATION
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Forestry
Public
Cocoa
Private
Vegetables
Mixed
Secretaría de Agricultura del Valle
Chontaduro
SINCHI
Amazonic
UNIPALMA
African Palm
University of Antioquia
Ornamentals
Universitu of Caldas
Fruits
University of Córdoba
Vegetables and yam
University of Nariño
Uchuva
National University of Colombia - Seat Potatoes ans Andean
Bogotá
Tuberculus
National University of Colombia – Seat
Tropical fruits
Medellín
National University of Colombia – Seat
Vegetables
Palmira
Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica
Fruits, forestry and
de Colombia (UPTC)
ornamentals
Public
Public
Privado
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Based on Valencia et al. 2010
Latitude
Altitude
Based on Ávila, 2014
Paramo
•
Absence of trees
•
Very high diversity (4926 spp)
•
Water reservoirs and births
Particular climatic conditions:
•
Changes of radiation along the day
•
Changes of T° between day and night
•
Strong winds
•
UV Radiation
•
Low pressure of O2
Endemism more than 40%
Changes in land use
Climate Change
Use of Paramo land for agriculture and cattle (mainly dairy herd)
Main Objective
Conserve the plant Biodiversity of High Elevation Mountain Forest, Paramo, and
Agrobiodiversity of Capital Region Natural Areas.
Conservation
Investigation
Source: www.businessetfree.com
What are we doing?
Implementation of a
Prioritization Matrix
Conservation Matrix
Scarcity of knowledge is the bigger limitation
Where are the species? - How is its phenological reproductive cycle?
Can be storage the collected material?
At what conditions?
How is its germination process?
In which conditions are the
populations or seed source?
How is its genetic variability?
Puya trianae
Implementation of a prioritization matrix
So…What do we have?
•
Endemism
•
Distribution and
populations
(Bibliography+
Interviews +
Herbariums)
Floras of specific places
Red Books
Herbariums
•
Uses or
phylogenetic
relations
•
Taxonomic
uniqueness
•
Conservation
Status (Bibliography
+ Botanists)
National Botanists!
Botanical expeditions, and
monitoring of populations
Know
Conserve
Propagate
How, When and
Where to collect?
How are they?
Can they be
storage?
How propagate?
Are they healthy?
Population structure
Morphology of fruits
and seeds
Behavior under
storage
Dormancy
Fungi
Adaptation to
nurserys
Bacteria
Reproductive
phenology
Stages of maturity
Ecological
correlations
Monitoring of
viability
Containers
Comparison of 4°
vs -20°C
Quatily
Virus
First approaches - Looking for Seed Source of Paramo Representative Species
How, Where and When to collect?
Espeletia argentea
60
49.5
Six Species
% Seeds with embryo
50
40
39.3258427
35.5
30
20
14.5
10
0
13/11/14
27/11/14
26/11/14
Cabañas
San Francisco
San Francisco
Taquecitos
Espeletia grandiflora
58
37.5
24.5
Chingaza
23
2
27/11/14
25/11/14
25/11/14
26/11/14
ChisacáLagunas
18/09/14
Mirador
22
1
26/11/14
Cabañas
24
02/09/2014
10
18/09/14
5
27/11/14
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
27/11/14
27/11/14
% semillas con embrión
Different
populations
Chisacá- Vía Pasca Vía Pasca El Salero Jazmines
San
Calderitas
Lagunas
Francisco
Sumapaz
Pasquilla
Verjones Curubital
X2=113.91
p<0.001
120
35
100
30
80
25
MGT (days)
Espeletia
argentea
Germination (%)
First Approaches - Germination of Paramo Representative Species
How to propagate?
60
40
20
15
10
20
5
0
Espeletia
argentea
Espeletia
grandiflora
Espeletia
Espeletiopsis
grandifl. Ec II corymbosa
E. grandiflora
Espeletia
killipii
0
Espeletia
argentea
Espeletia
grandiflora
Espeletia
Espeletiopsis
grandifl. Ec II corymbosa
50
45
E. barclayana
E. killipii
Espeletiopsis
corymbosa
Germination (%)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
13 species
0
Espeletia
argentea
Espeletia
grandiflora
Espeletia
Espeletiopsis
grandifl. Ec II corymbosa
Espeletia
killipii
Espeletia
killipii
How to test viability?
Chisacá
Chingaza
Ecotipo I
01/10/2013
20/12/2013-P2
20/11/2013-P2
30/12/2013
20/11/2013-P1
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
01/09/2013
Viaibility (%)
Germination Method
White
hard,
embryos
Chisacá
Ecotipo II
Tune of Tetrazolium method by specie
E. grandiflora
0.1% vs 1%
30° vs 40°C
3 h, 24 h, 48 h
13 spps
tested
9 with good
results
 Good coloured
 Low variation
coefficient
Morphology
Reproductive ecology
Relation of growth variables (age)
with seed quality
Espeletia argentea
Volume of rosette
E. grandiflora
Height
•
Seeds of bigger plants from E.
argentea and E. grandiflora were
heavier.
•
Bigger plants of E. argentea had
higher viability
Prioritization
Matrix
Localities
Selection of collection locations
Protocol
s
Collect
Health of the
seeds
Cleaning of seeds
Low
germination
SIP
Germination and
TZ Test
Genetic variability
Morphological description of fruit and
seeds
Seed source
Evaluation of embryo
Locality, date, climate
data
Nursery
RESEARCH
(>__%*)
Seed
treatments
Drying tests
No
Can be storage?
Physiological maturity?
No
Yes
Water content
In vitro
in vitro
SIP
Dry-until 3 % CH
Weight equation (per specie or per population)
How many seeds ?
Entry in containers to 4°C and -20°C
Monitoring Twice a year
(every 6 months)
3 DATA BASES FOR SEED BANK MANAGEMENT
New
expeditions
Test
Testing of embryo
Number of seed Repetitions
200
4
Germination
200
4
Tetrazolium*
150
3
Water content I
150
3
Water content II
150
3
Water content III
150
3
Monitoring for 3 years
1200
4
Phytosanity
TOTAL
200
2400
The preceding presentation was delivered at the
2015 National Native Seed Conference
Santa Fe, New Mexico April 13-16, 2015
This and additional presentations available at
http://nativeseed.info