.... CD N .... Z 0 < lD g. lD NATIONAL WOMEN/REVIEW: Women's History Bibliography: A Class, Sex, Race-Conscious Resource 600 wds 1'1 5" • 5 WOMEN: New Law Ends Oisqualification of Pregnant Women from Unemployment Insurance 500 wds/graphic 5 HEALTH/REVIEW: The Mental Hospital As Prison: A Review of "Insanity Inside Out" 1200 wds/graphic INTELLIGENCE: Study Poi nts to Survei llance of Anti-Nuclear Groups 1800 wds/graphic RACISM/FBI: Agents Invade Philadelphia Home Of Afrikan Peoples Party Members 550 wds 6 • 7 • 8 INTERNATIONAL THAILANO: Resistance Grows As Repression Intensifies 1200 wds/map-collage l MARSHALL ISLANOS: 1200 wds 4 Apartheid U.S. Style SPAIN: Spanish Auto Workers Confront Henry Ford and Juan Carlos 300 wds ...........•.................•....... 8 THAILANO CHRONOLOGY 1932-1976 2 GRAPHICS COVER: Figure CREOIT: Middle East Brfeffn9/LNS CARTER: Photo P-l FORO: P-l Cartoon IoKlMEN: Graphi cs •..............•......•......... pol HEALTH/MENTAL: Graphics P-l&2 INTELLIGENCE: Graphic P-2 THAILAND: Map-collage .....••.......•.•........• P-2 11827 November 6, 1976 .... .... '" 0' Packet #827 No,ember 6 1976 k 100\1 hone. ~2 2) 989-3555 lA COLLEC .VE. Cathy COck/eli, Ellen Gar.ey, Lau 1e Le ter, Sarah Plant Barbara Plu~, ~dndy _~~a. NO~lY t etel COMRADES. en Crocke , Ml It Taam Leoal Counsel: t lar. Alterman &bulleimett CORRbPO DE rs: Sc.ho lela Coryell--PoI1S GRAPHIC AR STS. Peq Aver! I I Da,e Heleth LIBERA':ON News 5e(,'ce, now In Its tenth year, publ1<hes tW 1ce-weekl) packets ot news and qraph 1C rna te r' aI PhOtolir aphs are ha It- toned on a 65 or 85 I ne screen LIBERATiON News Servlte, 17 W 17 St , New York, New ~Ork 10011 (212) 989-3555 Packet #827, NOvember 6. 1976 Pub II shed tWl ce a "eeK except for the last week In the month when 1t 1S publ1shea once COPYI -.lht '''2' by LN~ ews ::le',lce. Inc Second Clas, Posfcl~e pa1d at New York N y COLLECTIVE NOTES -t> (' The "ThaIland Chronol09Y" on pages 2 and 3 1S a very usetul document which you will want to hIe and use as a reference. fh1S chronlcle of the U S rOle'n back1ng right-wing groups over the past fOlty years provides a context for the bloody October 6 coup See the next LNS packet for an analysis of Carter's carnpaiqn clnd his expected presidential po 11 ci es * * * * * The LNS questionnaires are pour1ng in. Be sure to mall yours, if you haven't yet, so you won't be left out Of our statistics~ children. S<, ,.;rllphics) H _STAJ'CE GRll\~S IN THAILAND AS REPRESSION I TENSIFIES by David Millikin , t r s note: David Millikin is an American ~rnalist who returned from Thailand in early ptember.) A}IHERST, Mass. (LNS)--Since the October 6 coup !'ha il and , the military junta has continued its I l1Cy of systematic elimination of all progressive 'pposition. In the first three weeks after the coup, five thousand student, farmer and labor leaders; polit!cians and intellectuals were arrested a~d imprisoned by the junta on charges ranging 1'" f!"""m being a Ilcommunist susp~ct" to being a 'Idan_ g ro~s person to society." Those alOrested will be ried by military tribunals. After abolishing the constLtotion the junta introduced broad powers of arrest and detention allowing "communist suspects" to be held for up to 180 days wihtout charges. A reliable source Bangkok has reported that the junta intends to "put an end" to the liberal and left-wing movements which have grown since the popular revolt which v rthrew the previous, Thanom-~rsppas dictatorship in 1973. This source WS"t on to confirm that the junta plans to arrest about 30,000 people it clal.ms are either communists or commuuist sympa- thizers. A number this large in Thailand would i~ lude not only political activists but also "i active" liberal journalists, professors, civil servants, and government researchers. The arrest toll is already so high that prisoners have spilled over from the established prisons and are now kept in military barracks as well. Sources in Bangkok say that it is doubtful whether thses prisoners can evenlbe kept at a minimal level of subsistance. Conditions Can only worsen with the continuing arrests. A new junta decree authorizes regional authorities to designate certain areas as "commu- n1.st lnfiltrated aiDeas," consider auyone found in these zones an "insurgent," and detain them for up to 18 months without trial. This government tactic is similar to those used by the Thieu regime 1n South Vietnam. In response to such aC tions, and to the represslve decrees of the junta eliminating all democratic rights, support for the dictatorship lS rapidly eroding. While the junta had counted o~ gaining support through its censorship and propaganda about the events surrounding the coup, another informed Thai observer in Bangkok reported that "I:here are many indicatio"s that public opinion is now SWinging in favor of the, students who were brutally suppressed during a peaceful rally on Thammasat campus which resulted in the death and injury of several hundred people." In addition, the observer continued, "the right wing mobilizer, the Army RadiO, frustratedly expressed lts discontent over the swift change in·'public opinion towards the students" following the coup. A potentially powerful source of discontent are the middle and upper middle class parents of sLudents who were killed Or have fled. These eople bla~e the new re ime for the loss of their Page 1 LIBERATION News Service #8 In addition to this grow'ng public resentment of the junta, thousands of progressive people have fled underground to escape the junta's broad sweeps. At Khon Kaen University in northern Thailand, 100 students hijacked three buses on the morning after the coup and directed them to a communist guerilla stronghold in the nearby mountains. Students in the central and south likewise were reported to have headed toward the jungle, while observers made special note of the absence of entire classes of medical students from Chiang Mai and Hahidol universities, from which come the country's most militant and best educated activists. The Communist Party of Thailand The Communist Party of Thailand (CPT) has been engaged in armed struggle since the late 1960's and has held control of the significant areas of Northeast and Southern Thailand. Within these liberated zones, farmers protect themselves from the rent collectors of the wealthy absentee landlords from Bangkok, administer and collect taxes, arbitrate legal disputes and carry out social projects such as education and health care. A 1975 Thai government study recommended using the follOWing as indicators for determining if an area is an ltinsurgent preserve": the ltsudden dis- appearance of bandits and rustlers; sudden dissaRpearance of drug addiction: an inexplicable increase in the demand for books, paper and pencils; an improvement in public sanitation and a sudden increase in the use of soap and toothpaste; and a great and spontaneous improvement in the internal cleanliness and order of the villages." The CPT has successfully defended these liberated zones against repeated full scale assaults by the U.S.-backed Royal Thai Army aud counter-insurgency forces Over the years. On October 20, one of the most significant events since the coup occured when the Socialist Party of Thailand (SP), a previously legal soc al democratic party which had several members elected to the now-abolished parliament, declared that it was join!ng wIth the CPT in armed struggle against the junta. In a statement read over CP radiO, the SP leadErs also urged "every organized mass unit both in rural and urban areas" to take up arms and join the fight. The SP-CP alliance, it is believed, will both encourage the Thai left in general and provide a needed boost to the revolutionary socialist movement by supplying an infusion of organizing experience and skills fr m the urban and educated left. "There is every indication to suggest that other activist groups, probably including the powerful National Student Center of Thailand, will join this new alliance" the Thai observer in Bangkok reported. Meanwhile, several bombing attempts have been directed against an American radar station in the North, several soldiers of the Thai Army have been killed within Bangkok, and leaflets and posters have begun to appear simultaneously in provinces throughout Thailand--all indications of a Qualitatively heightened and organized resistance to the junta. --30-- November 6, 1976 more •.•• THAILAND FACT SHEEr (1932-1976) Prepared by. group of Southeast Asia specialists at Cornell University Prof B.R. O'G. Anderson_ David W.P. Elliott, Stephen R. Heder, G.t. Hildebrand. and Prof. Georfe HeT. Kahin Na~s r of iR'lpOrant figures have been underl tned. IH(IO "f' TIl rmRnr.~ .\'11 ~1\1.I) WAN n l"l.,rthr.""· ~r th~' :11o,;;,.lut,- ..,,,.In·h)' and e,;t,Jblisl1a('nt of ("ont>tltut i'~I\.lt ):"\",·rnm..·nt bv . , .{'(,',I aUltary-civll iiln ~r(ll1p. t_ It- \.-",..,,,{,,," t., Jlct.Jt,.r[.,1 pow-cor uf Ficold-f'brsll.1l I'hibtln Sonskhra.. a \..("'- 1,·:1,I.'r C"f th,' 1")2. ,·ClUJ>. 1_ ~' ... l r.~" d.,\' "ft ...r rl'.., rl H,lrb"r. Fhibun penaits Japanese passilge through TIl.lfland. a11('!~ln~ till'S to outflank the Allies in Buraa a.nd Halaya. I :'\1:.:, Phibun decl.arcs .....tr on the U.g. and Great Britain. In Waah:lngton. Thal ,wbat'isador 5"'of Pr:Ulote refuses to preaent declaration of war, .:alt5 (or under~round resistancp. 1-]0/')8 Sarit undeJ"l~oeS -.'C1ka] tr\.:at-.:nt abr-f).)d. ~ntrusting tht: Pretller Thano. and o.:puty Pre.h:r Praphat. 10/20/58 Returning fro- abroad, Sarit launchelli iI Sf-coad COUp. abolishing the constitution, dissolving parliament. banning all political partie•• and carry Ins OUt sveeping arrests of opposition representiltives, int.ellectuala and labor leaders. Trials under the Anti-C~uD1st Act fall . r-~gu.e to 6-7/59 S.rit orders execution without trial of peasant leader Sila Wong.in and political leader Supachai Srisati. 8-l2/60 Sarit pendtll trannhipment of supplies to his cousin Phowai Nosavan, Lao Army rightist, who overthrows nflueral Lao &overnaent. 3/6/62 Dean Rusk-Thenat Khoman agreement allow. U.S. to "aid" Thailand without consent of other SEATO powers. Sarit announces that agree.ent gives Bangkok the same U.S. protection against external thl"e.u; that Saigon enjoys. 4/62 U.S. announces that U.S. personnel .re training Thai Ani)' in guerrilla ....arfare. 7/':.to/:..... facins=. pres§ur(" froC! the underground resistance and delDOralhed by the de-terior.'lting war situation, Phi bun resigns. 9/17/:'5 FollOWing V-J Day, Seni Pr3mote becomes pre_ier with the support of resistance leaders. Heanwhile, British attempts to reduce the political influence of the Thai mllitary are overruled by the U.S. l/b/46 In Th.a1.land's (irSt really free. elections, left-of-center resistance l(!.aders outpoll Seni Pramote and his brother Kukrit, .... ho head centrist purtles. 5/19/62 9/9/47 The Southellst Asia League 1s formed in Bangkok to support anticolonial movements in Indonesia, Cambodia, I..aos, Viet N8IlI, Malaya, and Dunna. Pu81dent Kennedy orden 10.000 U.S. troops to Thailand to influence Laotian .ituation. \lithout consulting Thailand or U.S. Congress 8/62 U.S. Military Aubt.ance Command establi.hed in Bangkok as intelligence and logisdcs arm of JUSKAG. 11/8/47 Phibun's supporters carry out :I coup. exiling the civilian resistance leaders and installing a civilian premier as front. 3/19/63 1129/48 In elections froa which war-time resistance leaden are barred, moderates led b)' Sen! and Kukrit Pnunote resoundingly defeat. mi 1 itary-backed candidates. 12/8/63 Phibun returns to power. overthrowing the civilian government in favor of a military dictaeorahip. U.S. recognizes Phlbun regilte. 1949 CIA mission arrives in Bangkok to begin extensive training and supply of Thai police. 5-6/49 Thai Il1litary abaion visits U.S. 10/{,9 U. S. turns over to Phibun $44 lIIillion t.pounded during World War li. 2/28/50 After receiving pra-ises of U.S. Point Four aid. Phibun recognizes the French-controlled regiaes in Indochina. 4/50 President Truman approves both ai.lltary and econOIlic aid. The Joint Chiefs endorse covert support for anti-c~ise groups operating against China: the CIA uses the Thai police to ship daUy auppl1es to KUOII..intang (Chiang Kai-shek) bands in Burraa. 6/50 Phibun offers Thai troops for t.he Korean War. the U.S. to pay all costs. 9/50 Thai-U.S. asreement on econOlllic and technical co-operaeion signed; U.S. experts begin to arrive. 10/50 Thai-U.S • •Uitary agreement signed; 20-aan Military Assistance Advisory Group (HAAG>' established. 1951-53 In return for shipping supplies to KK1" bands in Bunaa, General Phao ~~~r:n~::':y':~~~:r~~~:~:l~;:ar;~:~~~e:a~:;;:n;~r.Pl~:bi~: ~~o to set up air, naval, paratroop, and anK)red units within the police.. 11/29/51 General Sadt Thanarat, controlling an any bolstered by U.S. military afd, and Police General Phao, take real power frOlll Phibun, leaving him largely nominal author.ity all premier. 1/52 U.S. Ambaasador Edwin Stanton, urging Phibun to repress left-wing forces, is infonDed Phao is doing so. 11/52 Phao conducts mass arrest.s of opposition. Hilitary-controlled parliament passes the Anti-Ce-aunJ.st Act (abo knom as the Un-Thai Activities Act), after one hour's debate. Reg1Jne asaUJll4!:s unliaited legal license t.o suppress anyone it defines as "cOtlDuniat." Aabasaador Stanton gives Phibun governJlent. "great credle" for its "decisive action." 1953 Sun ton replaced by General WUlia. Donov.n, (otwe.r head of CIAforerunner OSS. HAAG superceded by l65-. .n Joint. U.S. Military Auistance Group (JUSMAG). 9/5{, Thalland becomes first nation t.o ratify the KanUa Pact eatablishing the South EaSt Asia Treaty Orsantzation (SEATO). 12/54 John Peurifoy, U.S. aeassador to Guat-.b st the tt.e of the CIAorganiited overthrow of the electl!d Arbenz govet'"!ment, replsce. Donovan as a_bassador to Thailand. 6/55 In an atte-pt to ouemanoeUVTe the widely hated Pbao and the as yee little known Sarit, Ph1bun introduces "full d~c.r.cy," pr<*lsing genUinely free elections in 1957. A period of freer speech diaclases deep popuh 1'" dislike of the .lliury .nd graving feelina a~slnst U.S. influence in Thailand. Heavlly-ri~ed elections held to ensure Phibun's poaltion -- but re"ultOJ dt"laonstr;lte popular hostility to .ilftary rule. Student protest" de-.and Phihun'~ resignation. Pf:IUOD 9/1"".,1 or 3/64 Beginning of heaVY influx of U.S. Air Force jets and 0.5. Arrt Engineers. Wt" wi II construct U.S. bases crucial to t.be Viet N_ liar wl·1 as th~ lugistically key highway frOli Banakolr. to Laoa. Prt!sident Johnson launches air strikes again.t Laoa vith U.S., Thai. 101T, and Lao pilots operating frOll Thai airfields. • id-bG U.S. begina joint condngeney plann.i.ng vith Thai alUtary • 8/64 Following Gulf of Tonk.1n Resolution, Johnson ordet"a jC.tt"ilhter bOllbln~ of Viet N. . trOll Thai baau. y~ and Pnphat Ch.uusl1thien. Phfbun and Phao are extled. tnltt811 .. dvlJ1an pr~lIli(!c O"f Cront. Nl'W" , I-j tl"",+: 1)(oJlll')rrstH :)nd '1anJler socisli"t parele. outpoll S.. ril'l'l pinty. rtvlJ (:tn pn,.I<-r (01'"("1'11 tn r(,l'i"n. r.lJ\p.RATION N~wl' Servtc<, ~&a, sa.e trOll U.S. ba.ea. 3/65 U.S. begins . . .dve boabing of North Viet 7/65 Proclaaation of t.he Insurgent Thailand Patriot.ic Pront; the relat.ed Thailand Independence l10veJDent vss founded the previous Noveaber. 8/65 Under Aabasaador Grs~ Kar-tin. U.S. begins atep-up of CO\ll1terinaursency prosraaa in Thailand. U.S. Operationa Hission reported trying to "block COllllllWlist infiltrat.ion snd to vin the loyalty of hill tribes along the BurtDese and Laotian borders." 12/65 C~unbt Suppresa10n Operations C~nd (CSOC) , to coord1.n.ate ailitary, police and civUian count.er-insurgency operation. eseabl1shed under Praphat. 2/66 U.S. 606th Air Coaaando Squadron arrives t.o train Th.i Air Force in counter-insurgency efforts. Squadron helicopters Thsi troop. iDto action from August 1966 to January 1967, when Tha-i acquire their ovn hellcopten. 5/66 U.~. 8/66 Pr.phat rejecu draft constitueion as "too Ilar1n&l)' d..,cratlc." U.S. equips and reorganizes Village Defense Corps. 6-7,000 stTOGl. for counter-in.urgency purpoaes. 11/66 Firat appoinr:.nnt of U.S. Ambassador's Special .\ealstent for Counter-Insurgency. 370 Special ForeeI' peraonnel arrive to trsin Thai Army in counter-insurgency. 12/66 Asked about elections, Praphat repliea, "1Jhen we bave t.be constitution and have held the elections end this country turns red, vill you be aatbBed1" U.S. Special Force. eatablish counter-inaurgency caJDP nur Sakhon Makhon by Laotian border. U.S. fore. . st.at.loned in Thailand nov number )4,000. Na"! begins trdnlng Border Police units p.trolling Keltontt· 1/67 ReglM announces intention of sending cOlDb.t oo1es to Viet Kaa; U.S. secret.l)' pays sll casU. 7/67 CIA-sponsored ·'D.er Serei" ript.-vi.ns suerri ~ as, operat:1ng f~ basea in ThaUand since the aid-50's, ste.p up .naed attacks 00 C_bodu'. royal gove.rnaent. 9/67 2,200 coabat troops, the "Queen's Cobr..... arrive in Viee Naa. BeSioninl of prolnm that eventually trains lM)re than 29,000 Thai in allit.t"')"". paraa1Utary and poUee techniques. 6/20/68 'ti.1itary-drafte.d conatit:ution establishes an .ppointive upper bouM (. . .b«rship 75% allitary Den), and an ele.ctive lover hou.e. Political parties psrtly lesalhed. 1/69 11,000 Th.i troops stationed in Viet Naa to date - nearly 14% of ehe T1\al}.ray. U,S. bean cost of $50 tillion s year for ~ yean. 2/69 Fint ehct:ions in 11 yean: Minhtry of tbe Interior under Pnphat ensures gavel"naient victory in IDOSt of countryside, but c:1viU.n centrist oppo.ition under Seni haaote sweeps Banlko • 12/69 Foreign Kinister Thanat Khaaan strongly defti.s that U.S. haa paid for all Thai troop. sent to Viet Naa. l'.S~ troop strt!D.leh in thailand now at 45 •.500 at 60 .jor installUlons. 3/18/70 Lon Nol coup in c.8Ibodia against Prince Sihanouk's govercment. U.S. recognizes nev resble within 48 hours. 6/70 Pre-ter Thana- announces Thailand ",ill train Cambodia ''volunte-ers'' 1n TheUand, vho ",Ul be aT'lled .lind equipped {rca aid suppUed by US THE SARlT OICTATORSHIP (;c:"~nl S4rit Th.aMrllt <4ehes power, aid d by .ray officers ~ StiTh dies. Tha.noa becomes Premier. ,):0- 5/48 2/2~/" Sarit PERIOD OP THAN<»f-PRAPHAT DICTATORSHIP PERIOD OF THE SECOND PH18UN DICTATORSHIP 4/6/48 "Special Loght1cs Action-Thalland" Agreelreat:U.S. upgrades Thai logiltica and b1provell airfields, preparing for arrival of U.S. AnlY Engineera. (Um Hnvl".ber ft. 1916 11 " .., .... l.a{l"Ito~ an inlt>nsif1(",)tlr!ll nf tht' insurgency. Tlul.I1olll carries oul .:l t°(\uP 'It,,,lltn~t hi ... 0"'''' ('onsthutlon, (,llbI nt.'t, and parLiament. New '~atl('lMl . ecuti.v~ C,~unctl" l'~ldbllshed to rule five yt·ars. whlle a t"\O con<tltution tq prepared. ultO,1 M:.anh lO dt:adlin~ for U.S. withdrawal . 1./1')/76 !ted (;:.allrM rire-bomb MOderate New Force Party'. Bangkok headquarters. 1./IK/16 Mahtdon University student leader A-.aret Chaisa-at assassinated. 2/" /76 10.000 .arch In Aaaret's funeral prrn:eflsion . Thre-e fOnlll.":r deput!t.',> fiit· suit dgain8t Thanolll on cll,lrsws of conpira,,, to use violen('C~ to abulish his constiluti\ln, ThJ,n'lIlI rt.>.. ponds with a full rlil1lurv 11lC'rL and arrests all three. They rt'('('lve ten-~'ear prison t('l'1ll$. withnut ['rial. 2/24176 Troops occupy dovntOlom Bangkok in u.nannounced "lIlilitary alert." 2/28/76 A:o.sasrination of Dr. Boonsanong Punyodhana, secretary-general of the Socialist Party and co-ordinator of the JDOvement to relK:lve U.S. basee 12 '2 The new intf'rt_ com;Llt\ltt.~lR providC's for .:I. totally Olppol11tttd 299.ember """'elllbh. of ""h1<:h 200 will be rllilitolry aoo police. JudiciaT)' to be dire-('tly controlled by t;ov... rnraent. Thous~1l1ds of students prote!'n publicI". forcing ",ithdral..-al of the phnned constitution. 1120176 Deadline for U.S. withdcawal passes without U.S. -eeting Thai deLJnds. Kukrit tells Washington to re.ove the reaaining 4000 U.S . personnel within to .-nehs, except for 270 advi.sors in the Hilitary Assistance Prograa. U.S. still controls 18 separate c~nicationa sites within Tha iland. b' 3 In protl'st a~,lintie thl."' extl!nsion of PrOlphat's cOll1JlW.nd of all armed for('('s, :\Od <IF..linst the expulsion of nine students from Ramkhamhacn>: Univt.'r-.lty for !i.ltirtzlng Thanom, 10,000 students publicly de-.and a real cl~nstltution within six Il'Onths. 3/25/76 Ten people killed in right-wing grenade attack on New Porce Party rally in Chainat. 4/4/76 7 73 Thai "overnment announces it wUI begin a withdrawal of 1~-20.000 "irn~F.ular" troo~s operating in Laos. 10 t' 73 EIL'vcn young pPople arrested for distributing pamphlets of the conStitutional movement, setting off 10 da.ys of videnio& ptotests. 10 1 A quarter of a million people rally in BanSkok to demand the releas~ of the prisonecs. Ie is the largest demonstration in Thai history. Elections: more than )0 people killed in what Pac Eastern Ec::oDOllic Review te....s a "spate of Shootings, bombings. and other violent incidents a:1aed ..... inly at left-wing and refona!st parties." sen! Pra.ate's centrist Democratic. Party, wieh long anti-.ilitarist tradition, wins .are than twice as 1lI3ny seats as nearest coapetitt.r. capturing 115 "Of 279 seats. Parliamentary left reduc.ed to 3 seats; uLtra-rightists fail to capture any seats. Seni fonas center-right coalition governaent. Fourteen labor organizers and student activists are arrested under 1952 Anti-eo-unist Act - the first such arrests since the overthrow of Thanoll and Praphat.. Under the Act suspects aay be held indefinitely vithout trial and there is no cight of appeal sentence. lAst 73 ~ai troops withdraw fro. \'iet 'l;a•. if'l 1.. 73 Returning demonstrators are fired upon by police with Illllchine-guns, tanks and armored cars. Military seize Banp,kok's Thammasat Univer_ity. At hut Ire killd, hundred. wounded. .1 0 /15173 Army under Gltneral Krit Sivara r@fuses to support further npnasion. The monarch also intervencsagsinst additional bloodshed. Thanolll and Praphat are forced to flee the country. 6' PERIOD OF ELECTED CONSTItUTIONAL GOVERNMENT 3/74 NpW' draCt constitution completed. 8/23174 Student leader Saeng Roongnirandonkun assassinated in broad daylight waiting tor a bus in downtown Bangkok. Murder "unsolved." The first clear sign of a right-wi.ng come-back. 1017/74 New constitution prOlllulgated: it calls for a powerful elective lower house [0 which the premier viII be responsible. 10/15/74 Political parties except Communists Legalized. 10/74 Ultra-right-wing terrorist Nawapon 1DQvement founded by General Wallop Rojanawisut. head of Thai military intelligence and trained in psycho logical warfare in the U. S. A second group, the Red Gaurs, also becomes active, particularly in opposition to the student -avement. 12/27/74 Ex-dictator Thanom slips back into Thailand with connivance oC senior military, hides out at Lopburi Special Forces camp. Massive student demonstrations protest his return. After 2 1/2 days, Sanya governme.nt expels him to Singapore. J/26/75 First free election since the late 1940's: largest sinSle party is Seni Premote' s DeUIocratic Party. Parliamentary left wina 11% ot vote. Ultra-right wins 1% of the vote. 3/75 The Inspector-General of the Interior Ministry, heading an official investigation of CSOC, con(l1:.ms that at least 70 people were summarily executed. during 1970-1 in the southern prov1.nce of Patthalung. 3/17/75 Coalition of centrist and right-wing parties forw.s government under Kuk- it Pramote, who announces policy calling for the removal of all foreign troops from Thailand within one year. The U.S. has to date 25,000 troops, 350 planes. and top-secret radar listening installat iOllS based in Thailand. ~(l1175 Collapse of Lon Nol regime in Cambodia. • /30175 Collapse of Thieu regime in South Viet Nam . 5/18/75 Massive pogroms against VietnAmese minority in northeast Thailand. Police Lt. Col. Boonlert Lertpricha, Deputy Interior Minister, declares riots are instigated by CIA to embarrass the new government. 7/1/75 As the first step in composing Thailand's relations vith its social- ist neighbors, Kukrit visits Peking and formally opens diplomatic relations with China. 7/:../75 Students begin a J-day de.onstration against U.S. use of Thai territory to attack Cambodia during the Mayaguez incident. 7/31/75 Edit::.or of peasant newspaper Intha Sriboonmang killed in Chiang Hai, lengt.hening a growing list of "unsolved" mucders of peasant leaders seeking implementation of existing land reform legislation. 8/19/15 £nra~ed by Kukrit'<; "soft" policy towards student demonstrators, more than a thousand policemen sack his home, \lYeaking $500,000 danage. 8/20/75 Alleging that arms have been smuggled 1nto thammasat University, hundreds of Red Gaurs aetack. the campus with pistols and bottlebOlllbs. Police watch as half a lIlillion dollars in damage is carried out. Red Gaul's' advisor now known to be Col. Sudsat Thephasdin, a top officer in thp Internal Security Operations eo-aand CISOC, suc~ssor to CSOC). 10/1 /7) Tha i ilnd Cambodian Rovprmnents sign cOllllllunique inaugurating fonaal diplolllatic rC'Jation ... 2/l/75 1/ ' I 1/1fJ 4/76 4/23/76 6/10176 Stude~t newspaper Athipat closed by right-ving grenade attack. 6/30/76 Army COll'llMnder-in-Chief Boonchai Bamrungpoing vows that all aete.pU by any Army faction to stage a coup before his October I cetire.ent will be prevented. (He later becomes a top leader in October 6 junta). 7/76 Fiscal Year 1917 U.S. IIUitary aid, sales. and credits ear--.rk nearly 301 of U.S. suppOrt for five ASEAN nations to Thailand; includes aissUes, which are offered to no other country in region. 7/9/76 Bangkok AtlIl:Ored Division Radio warns demonstrators "we vill use .all means within our capability to eliminate persons or groups of persons whose activities are a burden to the country." 7/16176 On Bangkok Radio, a representative of • secret "Fr.ee Thai Ar.y" reveals that a two-year-old organization is keeping "close surveillaDCe on 9~6 persons whose activities could subvert the nation." 7/30/76 Right-ving groups burn books, newspapers, 1IIIlgazinu in BaBlkok rally. 8/6/76 Thailand and Viet Nam establish formal diploaatic relations. 8/35/76 Ex-dictator Praphat slips back into Thailand frca. Taivan. Pre-:ier Seni says he ia "too bua, with other official business to follow up 01-1 this." 8/19176 (I.lYrit '1nnounlf· ... dI .. ..;fllulllln uf I'llrllament, lIet... nC"ol , rey r Jr' I ~h'cti{)nll for 1",-1. d.,r t>.. mnl lilt! lS.u.runpnnJ; ... tlltI'S th,1t ;J ('IIUP rould h, Apr {I I·l'·'·l Ion. Ilr lit Iil'r vln I (·n'·~' hl,rol'"l..· thl' .... ,·h~·d- lfIII!l ,"Id"r~ 20,000 students protest Praphat'. retunl, cI-.d. Itt. ~slon. C~nd.r of the First Array General Yot says "if the cabinet vants the m.1litary to hand over Field Marshal Praphat to the govem.ent. the military will try to cOlRPly ... " 8/21/76 Praphat received by thc -anarch. 8/31/76 Seni announc.es that t.he governJlent bas rejected a request frc. ndictator Thanom to return to Thailand and beca.e a .ank.. 9/19/76 Thanom returns. speaks over Bangkok At:'IK:lred Division Radio. Seni announces he cannot legally deport Thanoll. Students begin to organize protest movement. 9/24/76 Two students pasting up anti-Thanom posters strangled by polic@ in Nakhon Pathoa Province. 9/29/76 Massive student-vorker demonstration in dO\mtown Bangkok. de:aauds Thanom's expulsion within three day's time. He then return:l to Taivan •. PERIOD OF NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM COUNGIL DICTATORSHIP .J.0/6/76 Border Patrol Police, Marines, and the paraailitary Villas@ Scouts attack Thuaasat University. using helicopters. anti.-tank guns. and automatic weapons. So.e students lynched or burned alive. At l@Ast forty killed, hundreds wounded, 1700 arrest@d. On the same day Armed Forcp.s Co.-andec-in-ehief Adairal Sangad Chaloryu leads a coup d·ec-=, dissolving Parlia-ent, abrogating the constitution, proscribing all .eetings except for th08@ of the Village Scouts, and imposing heavy censorship. In sweeps throuab the city an additional 3000 students, labor leaders. and intellectuals are arrested. FOTaation of a "National Adainistrative Reforw. Council," previously de:aanded by Navapon. is announced. 10/9/76 Right-wing Supreae Court Justice Thanin Kraivlchien installed as prelllier. Fon.er foreign _inister of the Sarit/Thanma dictatorships. ThanOll J{hOGlan .naaed civilian advisor in foreign affairs; he u.ediately suggests U.S. aay cetum to resUIH soae -.ilitary rights in Thailand. 10/14/76 Nationa} Acillinistrat.ive Reforw. Council announces a "16-y@ar planlO to pr@pare Thailand for delK:lcracy and civilian rule. 10/16/76 Military dictatorship begins a round-up of noted intellectuals, including novelists, acadeaicians, and publishers. They will be interned in "special re-education centers" if they fail to "repent" their past activites. 10/18/76 Undpr draconian Decree No. 22. new c.ateRories of politicaloffensea arf' enwaerat@Ci. suhject to up "::0 18 months d@tentlon without tri.L Journal18t8 report official .fforts to spread hysteria UtOna the people throuRh daill" that movie theaters will be attacked or sc.hoolchi Idren IddnaPPl!'d. Abolition of monan'hy In !.aOf;. n a m.'ljnr :.ddn's-" tht- ThOli IfIOnnrch allude!'> to "various forms of abnt'1l(l''' .... ithin the cfluntry :J;nd <;reakR of th~ "dOlnger which is omln~ f In"E-." (.f nl,; J"'1 I "lrik~ In K:mgkuk prHtl".t lng J;Clvcrnment-"anctioned dl'lc in r!f~' prl':I'''' NOlw,')pon Is [('ported dcmOlnd1n~ the fonnution of 3 "N:'It IlIn.11 kefrlrm f;Ullnr II." General Krit Sivara, Seni's Defense Minister and the one senior officer to declare re~@3t'!dly that lIIilitary coups are "out of date." diu suddenly. Th<> .ilitury arroRatea to it~@lf pnwec to proclaill whole r_,loM of th(" ('ountry fnrhtdd("n zonefl. tn which anyone present will be tr. . OM .:In Inll:ur,;cnt. t" (See #770 for a map and background on Micronesia to go with this article.) THE MARSHALL ISLANDS: APARTHEID U.S. STYLE by Giff Johnson (Editor's Note: Giff Johnson, who works with the ~ronesian Support Committee in Honolulu, sent this report to LNS after a reaent visit to the Marshall Islands.) HONOLULU (LNS) -- Apartheid in the Marshall Islands? Yes. While the U.S. formally opposes the forced separation of races in southern Africa, it is busy maintaining the same system as part of its military establishment in the Pacific. The Marshall Islands are part of a United Nations Trusteeship Agreement for the entire island chain set up in 1947. The agreement--never intended to be permanent--calls for the P.S. to promote the economic, educational and social advancement of the inhabitants and to protect the "rights and fundamental freedoms of all elements of the population without discrimination." But the facts of the United States' presence on the Marshalls, as elsewhere in HlcrBnesia, say otherwise. Ebeye, in the Marshall Islands, is home to the Marshallese who work at the U.S. Kwajalein Missile Range. Some 7,000 people live on this dusty. disease-ridden slum island, barely 70 acres tn- size. Houses are packed in everywhere. Trash, bottles, cans, used ddapers and food litter the high water mark on the beach only five feet behind rows of houses which line both sides of the narrow island. An ever-present smell of garbage and outhouses hangs in the air beneath the blazing Pacific sun, and sometimes mingles with smoke blown back from the burning dump at the tip of the island. Eight miles around the lagoon from Ebeye is Kwajalein. No Marshallese can live on Kwajalein. but over 500 work there at service and maintenance jobs for the U.S. military and their families. Kwajalein's lush green golf course is just one of the amenities provided for the military and their families, along with spacious parks and baseball fields, free movies, handball courts, swimming pools, numerous tennis and basketball courts, community center, and a scout hut for young people. The houses are air conditioned with neat lawns and shady fenced yards, beautiful beaches, coconut and other trees for relief from the tropical sun, t top flight schools and a hospital for good medical care. All this is a way of life for the 3,000 Americans who live on Kwajalein. . Ebeye workers who make the 25-minute ferry trip to their menial jobs each morning must be off Kwajalein by 9 pm at the latest. Their work--necessary to keep a military base clean and trim and functioning--pay the Marshallese at least the U.S. minimum wage of $2.40 andhour and the average wage is $3.15. But from this, the average breadwinner must feed 10 to 20 people at Ebeye prices, which are high for the scanty supplies of canned fish and vegetables, soda pop and candy in small stores. Page 4 LIBERATION News Service (#82~) Shopping at low military PX prices on Kwajalein is reserved for holders of military ID cards, and closed to the Marshallese. Even to go to the places whe=e Marshallese are allowed on Kwajalein, such as the airport or post office, they must first fill out an application and receive a permit from the office of the District Administrator on Ebeye. The free ferry runs only at hours that the workers commute--otherwise the water taxi costs $1 each way. Most of the trees on Ebeye have been cut down and houses crowded in. The U.S. government supplies 308 one-room units--each housing a family--in single story, dingy, unpainted cement blo~s of six which stand a few feet apart. Shabby wooden houses and shacks make up the other half of the housing. From ten to twenty people live in each of the one and two room houses. Perhaps as many as two-thirds of the houses have electricity and running wster. But this doesn't mean they have hot water or toilets or showers. "Running water" may simply mean a faucet outside the house. In contrast, there are no outhouses on Kwajalein. The government supplies indoor bathrooms with hot water, and air conditioning as well. The nameplate next to each door indicates that only one family lives in each house. U.N. snd other studies reveal the critical health and sanitation conditions on Ebeye. A recent report called the island "a biological time bomb waiting to go off." There is only one doctor for the 7,000 people on the island, and doctors on Kwajalein are prohibited from volunteering to serve on Ebeye. Ebeye has the highest population density in the Pacific. For the thousands of young people on the island, there are one and a half basketball courts and one empty lot sandwiched between buildings--nothing else. Children play on the sewage outfall pipe over the narrow littered beach. The pre-school is in a small old wooden building. The elementary school is more wooden buildings and a cement block of eight classrooms. Together they provide barely enough space for half the children, and hundreds of children wander the island aimlessly in groups during th~ day. Workers who want their older children to go to intermediate or high school must send them to the district center at Majuro (a $53.80 trip, one way). Many cannot, of course, and older people comment that 12 to 16 year olds hang around and drink beer. There's nothing else to do. Thirty years of destructive American action in the Marshall Islands, from the BikinJ Island aeem bomb tests to apartheid on Ebeye, has forced the Marshallese into total dependence on the dollars spent by the U. S. military. The Marshalls will never develop toward"selfgovernment or independence" as specified in the United Nations Agreement if they have no alternatives for their economic development; no choice of whether or not the U.S. military stays at the Kwajalein Missile Range. -30November 6, 1976 more ••. WCt1E 'S HISTORY BIBLIOGRAPHY: A CLASS, SEX, AND RACE-CONSCIOUS RESOURCE • YORK(LNS)--The Common Women Collective of 'am rldge. Massachusetts has published a women'a h,-torv bibliography which lncorporates sOme of the • rt es 0f the most valuable historical writings. , 'emen in U.S. History: An Annotated Bibliography." is a concise and clearly organized 114page paperback well suited for anyone with an introductory interest in the subject. ources listed in the bibliography are organized into about 20 topics beginning with Native American; Colonial a d Black Women, on through some of the better known movements in which women have been active such as abolitionism, temperance, worn n's rights and suffrage, as well as anarchist, communlst and socialist movements. Chicanas and lesbians are alsooamong the book's major organizational categories, as is a substantial section d devoted to Women at Work. The bibliography recognizes how the class, race and sexual bias of historians affect the presentatlon as well as the content of history books. 'Works are frequently written in such' a way that aut0matically excludes certain grcups of people," the l-troduction notes. "The clarity and directness of an author's style limlts or expands the accessibility of her or his writing." The bibliography's introduction also indicates that the women who compiled and annotated the bibliography shared a feminist perspective which helps them c nfront traditional treatments of women's role in history with an alternative interpretation. They emphasize the role of all women in society 1n making history, and also female culture-women'a relationships with other women--as a vital and often-ignored aspect of women's history. "While many books lacking a feminist perspective contribute to women's history," they write in the introduct!.o , "we believe that those which integrate our basic assumptions about women are of greater value. II The caver graphic of the book, though finely seems an unfortunate choice, as it depicts a group cf women of fairly uniform height and age, few of them black, looking over the shoulders of a group of women at a table who could be interpreted as the ones "making his tory." d"~rln, Inside, th"s valuable introductory source beak guides the student of WOmen in U.S. history towards a dynamic and liberating approach to our past. -30"Women in U.S. History: An Annotated Bibliography," is available from the Common Women Collective, 5 Upland Road, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02140, for $2.00 plus 250 postage per single copy. Bulk order information and standard bookstore discounts are also available. *",*",,*"',,1<7<***************************************** QuESTIONNAIRES ••• QUESTIONNAIRES ••• QUESTIONNAIRES •• FILL YOURS OUT AND SEND IT TODAY. DON'T BE THE LAST ONE ON YOUR BLOCK TO ACT. Page 5 LIBERATION News Service NEW LAW ENDS DISQUALIFICATION OF PREGNANT W~N FRlloI UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE by Raymond Avrutis WASHINGTON, D.C. (LNS) -- Women can no longer be disqualified from collecting unemployment insurance (UI) because they are pregnant or have recently given birth, according to a new law signed by President Ford October 20. "The Unemployment Compensation Amendments of 1976" (P.L. 94-566) says in part " ... no person shall be denied compensation under ••• State law solely on the basis of pregnancy or termination of pregnancy." Women were previously disqualified from receiving UI benefits in many states for a set period of time before and after the date of expected delivery. But, the pregnancy disqualification was abolished as a result of a November, 1975 United States Supreme Court Decision. In Mary Ann Turner vs. the Utah Department of Employment Security, Turner claimed that the state's assumption that pregnancy made her automatically unable to work was unconstitutional. The United States Supreme Court agreed. P.L. 94-566 also abolished di~ualification of women who have recently had children. They, too, are now eligible for unemployment benefits. Now that pregnancy disqualifications no longer exist in any state, pregnant women may coollect unemployment compensation as long as they have earned qualifying wages; are able and available to work; and are not disqualified from receiving benefits (1) for qUitting work without good cause, (2) for being fired for miaconduct, or (3) for refuaing an offer of suitable employment. Women still face other forms of discrimination when they apply for unemployment compensation, despite the abolishing of pregnancy disqualifications. A number of states, for instance, will disqualify a woman if she must leave work to care for a sick child, or if she must leave her job to move to another area with her husband. Some state unemployment insurance laws are more liberal than others, so if you are unemployed, you should apply for unemployment compensation no matter what your situation is. However, it is not wise to bring your dependent children with you when you'applY. An unemployment official may say that you are unable to work becauae you must spend your full time caring for your children, and that you are therefore disqualified from unemployment insura"ce benefits. -30Avrutis' book, How To Collect Unemployment Benefits: Complete Information For All 50 Statea ia available from Schocken Books, 200 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 for $1.25 plus 350 postage and handling. November 6, 1976 more~o. e vlaphl IRE MENTAL HOSPITAL AS PR SON A REVIEW OF "INSANlrY INSIDE OUI" Ed~t<-r"s n,.;te: The au~hor cf r;he foZl=ng rL L S a member of r;he MenwZ Pa~·ients' Liberat r. Frvnt tn Bosr:on. A Zor,ger veY'ston of thts re~ fLIst appeared in the November-December tS8Ue . v-a~e and Mind, formerZy fiT: A Jour'lUlZ of RadtcaZ Therapy J BOSTON (Scace and M nd/lNS) -- Ken Donaldson's St y IS not unique The scace takes many people who are poor, friendless, perhaps a bit eccentric, labe s them mentally ill, and locks them away in hoge human warehouses called mental hospicals What makes Donaldson's scory noteworthy was his persisan'e in crying to gain his freedom and in calling attention to the plight of committed patient/prisoners Ftom behlnd the walls of Chattahoochee, as dlsmal as any prison, Dona dson sent a Stream of messages to the outside world -- petitions to the courts, lecters co his f[lends and acquaintanCes, peas ior help to every prominenc person he hoped might ald hiS cause Despite every rebuft, every writ ignored, every friend or official conVinced Cha[ hiS complaints were the r vtngs of insanity, Ken Donaldson did not give up Although he quickly learned that the best way co win discharge was co admit thac he was sick and n eded help, Donaldson refused to crawl hlS way to Ireedom Insanity Instde Out is his account of a IS y ar struggle Donaldson's case came, ultimately, to the Unlted Scates Supreme Court WhiCh ruled, In the 11rst case it had taken concerning the rights of mental patients in over 100 years, that the nondang rously mentally 111 have a constitutional cigh. to lib cty Donaldson's anget probably helped co sustain him hrough his imprisonment He refused to forget the beatings he Witnessed, the acts of cruelty and brutalicy He exposes thiS nstitution thac called itself a hospital, chese jaiiers who called themselv s doctors and who demanded that their victims believe that even horror inflicted on them was "U6atment" People who ha.e nev",r seen the inside of 0 mental inst~tution Can learn a lot tlom [n anit~ Ino.de Out And mental hea th workers can rind out how it looks from the patient'S side Donaldson ridIcules the wh Ie concept of ps)chiatrit treatment as 1 1& presented to the un~ I]lng patient TherapeUtl JU~til~cat~Ons cover a kInds ot horrors. He describes various "sub& [ain~ ot schIzophrenia, su~h as 'being uncooperat ve' ( etusing to buy an att ndant a pack of cigar t ",s), 'being emotionall) volar Ie' (telling an attendant to go to hell when he ac used you of haVIng S xual relations with your m~ther), and 'having hallucinations' (saying che attendant broke your arm when the report says you fell) " Donaldson's p rsonal story 15 a dramatic one. Pr ur to hlS incarceration he was a man wh would PAGE 6 LIBERATION ews Sel:Vice (0827) not settle down to the"normal"pa~tern of regular employment and liVing in one place. He enjoyed change -- new jobs, new parts of the country, new friends. He was outspoken, frequently unpopular, always unwilling to back down from any positicn he believed was right. People talked about him, e,en once tried to poison his food (he has the chemist's report to prove it). To the psychiatriSts, Donaldson was an easy case of "paranoia." Political Connections Weak But Donaldson is one of those 01d-fash10ned Americans who takes the Constitution literally. One of the reasons his incarceration lasted 15 years was his firm belief all through those years that the courts existed to right such wrongs and that he would soon be freed by judicial order. He would not play the deadly serious mental patient game: "Thank you, doctor, I feel so much better now, this place has helped me so much" On the rare occasions he saw a doctor (Chattahoochee employed 20 doctors, including dentists and a mort1cian, for 7,000 patients), Donaldson prOVided new "eVidence" of his "paranoia" -- he insisted, truthfully, that he was illegally and improperly _vnrined. Unfortunately, Donaldson never makes the political connections. The legal apparatus ot thiS ountry, only occasionally helps the poor and the friendless. Justice delayed ~s justice denied. The state stole 15 years of Ken Donaldson's life If he had not been intelligent and strong-wil ed, filing writs, writing his letters, he too might ha e died behind the wall of Chattahoochee. (R~s book IS ded cated to four of the many men he saw die .n Chattahoochee -- often from the damaging effects of psychiatric drugs or the psychiatric drugs or the physical brutality meted out by the attendants ) lawyers helped Donaldson to free h1mselt from the clutches of institutional psychiatry, and he is understandably grateful to them, but the l£goo s)stem tOO, can often be the enemy. One of Donaldson' lawyers, Morton Birnbaum blames the judges for hlS client's long incarceration. "They are the ones ...ho "Not had the power to free you," he told Donaldson once in fifteen years, not one in nineteen tries, would they grant you a full hearing." What 01 the patient who gives up after filing eighteen writs Ken Donaldson has been tree since 1972. For years, when the doctors refused to release him, he was told that be wasn't capable of liVing independently or holding down a Job In four years 1 freedom, he has done far better than that. He h~ become a spokesperson for people still inSide thiS country:s dismal mental institutions. Donaldson's lack of polit~cal perspectl e is unfortunate, and the homophobia he expresses on several occasions is offensive, but his message is an important one -- a psychiatr~c prison is stil a prison -30- (To subscribe to State and Mind write to: P.O. Box 89 W. Somerville, Massachusettes. 021~4) ***********•• *.. **************************~~*•••• **** November 6, 1976 mo:-e 1m' PO:)" S~ TO 1 CREASED INTELLIGENCE AGENCY OF ANTI-NUCLEAR GROUPS \~ILLfu~CE Editor's note: :Thl-s ar1;Va~e is based on researah a)':.. by BF..<ce EC!JiJards, and appeared 'l-n r:he Septerriber, 9 6 SSW? of People & Energy. It has been edited by :0. WASHI GTON DC (People & Energy/LNS)--Atomic ene,gy cr~tics have frequently theorized that a nuclear energy-based economy could lead to a nuclear police state. Author~ties could v10late civi rights and engage in acts of repression under the guise of pro eeting s~ iety against "nuclear terror1sm," Just as "national security" is already 1nvoked to justify a variety of repressive activit1es against critics of government policy. obtain the same access to confidential cit1zen records accorded to state and local police. All VEPCO wculd have to do, if the bill had passed, would be to obta n the approval of any city or county judge -- a relatively easy matter. The bill would also have exempted VEPCO's police unit from the proposed private police regulations that had just been drafted by the state's crime commission. When asked the purpose of the bill, VEPCO security chief William Parker reported that such authority was needed to meat the Atomic Energy Commision's nuclear security protection standards. At about the same time, a Washington DC-based citizen group, Organizing Committee for a Fifth Estate Counter-Spy Campaign, issued a short but disconcerting report. The study warned that the Atomic Now there 1S evidence that th1s potential is Tndustrial Forum, a nuclear industry association, more than theoretical. Tn a study begun 1n the summer had undertaken a program, in conjunction with the of 1976, the People & Energy Project of the Washington- consulting firm of Charles Yulish Associates, to based Center for Science in the Public Interest has provide local utility companies with background indocumented more than half a dozen cases of surveillance formation and regular progress reports on individuals aed/or harassment of citizen ant -nuclear groups. and persons known to oppose the constLuction and operation of nuclear power plants. And 1n add~t~on to FBI, CIA, state and local law en~orcement activities, the study has found eviTarget groups included the Sierra Club, Environdence af a coordinated program of surveillance of mental Action, the Environmental Policy Center, citizen groups by the nation's major util1t es and Union of Concerned Scientists, Friends of the Earth, the nuclear power industry. Another Mother for Peace, and Ralph Nader. Documented Instances of Surve1l ance On the basis of memos reportedly leaked to the The People & Energy study uncovered, for instance, group, the Committee also charged that "it is obvious that dossiers are being kept and maintained that the Texas Depart:ment of Publ~c Safety acknowlednot only at the national level but at the local level ged ~n August of 1974 having compiled a dossier on as well." commercial airline pilot Robert Pomeroy. Pomeroy was the head of the Citizens Associat~on for Sound As an example, it cited the Potomac Electric Energy (CASE), a group that had organ~zed opposit~on Power Company (whcih serves the Washington DC area) to a ploposed power plant near Dallas as a utility that had built a file on environmental activists labeled its "anti" file. Maintained since Pomeroy's dossier ~ncluded a report which quoted 1972, the file contains names, letters to the editor, an unnamed source as believing that "subject is us~ng CASE as a front group -- possibly for a Ralph and articles mentioning any stripe of environmentalist Nadet act~on." Upon disclosure of the dossier's exDuring Memorial Day weekend, 1976, the Nuclear istence, the Department apolog1zed to Pomeroy and Regulatory Commission (NRC) issued an alert to all sub seq 'ently destroyed the file. However the police nuclear stations around the country to be on the agency has refused to say how many other persons watch for activities of "possible national security or organizations opposed to nuclear power it has inor public interest significance." An NRC memo obtainvestigated and whether it cont1nues to maintain ed by People & Energy revealed that the FBI liaison the~r files. agency of the Chicago Field Office had passed on a report that a "rumor emanating from Wisconsin, reLater that same year, local newspapers revealed that the Balt1more Police Department's spy unit had vealed through three sources of unknown reliability, been compiling secret dossiers on, and had "watched, indicated plans are being made by 'motorcycle gangs and Indians' to take over the Zion (nuclear) Station photographed and somet1mes 1nfiltrated a w de variety during the Memorial Day." of citizen organizations." Targets included black elected offic1als and clergymen, and others the Also in the spring of 1976, the House Small police considered political dissidents -- 1nc uding Business Subcommittee on Energy & Environment began community groups that had been prot st1ng electricity hearings into the death of Karen Silkwood. Silkwood rate increases and fighting the nuclear power plant worked at the now-closed Kerr-McGee Cimaron plctonium at Calvert Cliffs, Maryland. fabrication plant near Crescent, Oklahoma, and was a known critic of safety hazards there. She died The Department's spy unit is the 1ntel11gence in a mysterious auto crash on November 13, 1974 gather~ng section of the Inspect~onal Serv1ces Diviwhile enroute to a meeting with a union official and sion, "h1ch works directly w1th the FBI, and the a New York Times reporter. Army Counter-Intelligence Corp. At least some of the police unit's top members have also undergone CIA An early witness in those hearings was Jacqueline tYa::'ning Srouji, a reporter for the Nashville paper, The In January, 1975, Virginia state delegate L Ray AshworLh introduced a measure in he state's legislature at the request of the Virg nia Electric & PoweL Company (VEPCO). The bill proposed to permit VEPCO to establish 1ts own police ferce wieh the pc~~r to arrest people anywhere 1n ehe state and Tennessean. Srouji had just completed writing "Critical Mass," a pro-nuclear book that cast S1lkwood in an unflattering light, raising questions about drug usage and her sex habits. When asked before the House Subcommittee, Srouji disclosed that the FBI had shown her nearly ::P-CA""'~"'E-7=-------""L=-"I:':B:':E=RA~r"'1-::-ON~Ne;;;·-=s-S;:;, ..:--r:v=1;-:C:-:c----~(;-;111C8;;;2;;;7\)------Nuo=v:::em=b::e::r:-7.6-,-;-ln9~76z-------m-~-r-e-.-.- .0 0 pag s of Bureau documents on the Silkwood c se ~n her book -- documents which Subcome ~~uosel Mike Ward claimed congressional ingoitor.; "had been unsuccessful" in obtaining. FBI agent Lawrence Olson was called before the s~t, mmIttee, he disclosed that the FBI had a "~pec~al relationship" w1th Srouj 1. FBI AGENTS INVADE PHILADELPHIA HOME OF AFRIKAN PEOPLES PARTY MEMBERS PHILADELPHIA,Pa.(LNS)--The North Philadelphia home of members of che Afrikan Peoples Party (APP) was invaded by FBI agents October 20 for the second time in a year. According to the Workers' World, 10 heavily armed FBI agents entered the home, trained guns on residents and visitors, including 6 children from 8 months Co cen years of age, and forced them all onto the porch in a pouring rain. Srvuji further testified berore the Subcommittee cer.ain senIor FBI officials ordered a termina~ n of the Silkwood investigatIon although local p~lj~e agents were still pursuing the case. ~hat GV"t Doc ments Reveal Plans for More Surveillance A review of several government documents strongly 1ndicates a clear pattern of law enforcement and Intel11gence agency involvement in nuclear issues eXi~ts, or IS in the process of formatIon. For example, the 974 FBI Annual Report notes "an 1ncrease in the n~ber of investigations 1nvolving poss1ble violations of the AtomIc Energy Act. This trend," it said, "is expected to continue." To the nuclear power industry and the1r government supporters, all threats to the development and profIts from nuclear power plants are a "terror" to be fought against. For surveillance purposes, the g~ erlli~ent conveniently makes no distinction between legiri~te opposition to nuclear power by citizens gro ps who recognize its hazards, and potential flnuclear terrorists." "The Threat to LIcenses Nuclear FacilIties," a stud:. prepared by the MItre Corp. for t:he Nuclear Regulatory Commission, recommends that "NRC maintain a close working relationshIp W1th the 1ntelligence ~ommunity and keep intelligence agenc1es aware of the information needed by NRC to meet its safeg~ard responsibilities. In-depth information about terrorist and other threatening groups should be obtaIr.ed by NRC from these agencies." The all-white FBI squad was allegedly searching for a fugitive whose photo they produced. When asked if they had a search warrant, the agents reportedly answered that they didn't need one. Four or five of the agents kept the family and friends outside, while the others rampaged through the home with flashlight~ opening closets and drawers and scattering books and clothing and files. Afterwards, over $200 was discovered missing from the house. Scores of neighbors, alarmed by the sight of strange white men brandishing weapons, came out on their porches, and two began taking photos of the agents at the request of APP members. This is t:he third attack on APP members within the past year. The APP believes the most recent FBI invasion is a direct result of the group's involvment in efforts to build a city-wide movement to fight cutbacks in transportation and other city services. "These attacks," said one APP spokesperson, "are an odious attempt by the power structure to alienate the APP members from community people by depicting us as outcasts and a threat to their well-being." -30(Thanks to Workers World for this short.) *************************************************** SPANISH AUTO WORKERS CONFRONT HENRY FORD & JUAN CARLOS And in recent Congress onal testimony, NRC offic1al Kenneth Chapman testified that "we are working acruss the country with local law enforcement agencies (and) with federal agencies to have a workable contingency plan to respond and react to the three condi'ions of t:hreat, theft, and sabotage of a licensed nuclear facilit:y." The Rosenbaum Report, a study prepared by Atomic Energy Commission consultants in the spring of 1974, sums up government rationale on the surveillance. "The first and one of the most important lines of defense against groups which might attempt: to illegally acquire special nuclear materials to make a weapon, 1S timely and in-depth intelligence. "SJch intelligence may involve electronic and ether ~eans of surveillance but its most important aspect is infiltration of the groups themselves •••• It is the AEC's business to see that those agencies of the U.S government which have intelligence gather_ng responsibilities, including t:he FBI and the CIA, focus their attention upon this particular ,hrea- to our national defense and security." --30-~~k************************************************* "The criminal justice system is oppressive. I'm afriaa it's the na~e of the beast." --Former U.S. Actorney for Maryland, George Bea 1, c~unterin5 critICS who call che current grand JJry ~mmun1LY laws oppress~ve From the Balcimore S~L. AJgust 1, 1976. (1/827) PALE 8 LIBERATION News Service NEW YORK(LNS)--A delegat:ion of courageous auto workers gave Henry Ford II and Spain's King Juan Carlos a list of labor and human rights demands during the two "kings" recent tour of a new Ford plant there Their letter demanded "fundamental and inalienable human rights to Spanish workers," the "admission of all political parties and labor groups," and cancella tion of a recent wage freeze imposed by the Spanish government, and full amnesty to workers fired for par ticipating in job actions. Henry Ford, on hand October 25 for the opening of a new $500 million factory refused to talk to his Spanish employees. When the workers handed Juan Carlo their letter, the King responded he wished "that I could greet you all personally •. Let's work together to create the Spain we all desire," the successor to fascist Franco urged. Ford workers' wages in Spain, where labor organizations are illegal, are around $2 an hour, accordin to UAW Sources here, while UAW wages in the U.S. begin at $6.46, not counting fringe benefits. Ford now has 34 plants outside the U.S. and is moving more work to foreign countries to cut costs. The 55-acre Spanish plant will produce more than 250,000 cars and 400,000 engines annually, and employ more than 9,000 workers when it's ~n full operat10n. -30(Thanks to t:he Daily World for this information.) November 6, 1976 end of copy, 8ftAP§ICS: TOP RIGHT: Jlmmy Carter, taKen 10 Plll10delphia 10 September, 19J6 TOP LEfT. "Don't cry, Jerry SEE NEXT PACKET FOR STORY. SEE NEXT PACkET FOR STORt CREDI . OllIe Harrlngton/DAILY WORLD/LNS CREDIT: Nel I Benson,LNS MIDDLE LEFT: Pregnant women GOES WITH STORY ON PAGE 5CREDI T. LNS BOTTOM RIGHT: Flgure BOTTOM LEFT: Woman's face. GOES WITH STORY ON PAGE 6 GOES WTH STORY ON PAGE 5. CREDIT: Mlddle East Briefln /LNS P-l LIBERATION News SerJ1Ce CREDIT. Great Speckled Blrd/LNS (#827) NOJember 6, 1976 more >- =... > 1ft Q. c:::I z -.... ;) 0 v tn C c:: C ~ :z: ~ .. ~ .~ a:: ·2 .. ,.., :) -0 ~ 0 0 .0 0 ~ 1ft E E ~ ~ ... .. 0 c:: 0" 0 .. :i 0 1ft 1ft et Ml ta"y leade'~ .tage a rlght-w "9 (CVP n nal\a 0 0 IODer 6, 1976, ma-jnes, the pa'o~ a-y v 'age -Jut. and the CJA-ctgan1zed BC'de- Pot-ol Po CC at aCK lnammasat Unlve,s ty, u, og he copte'~, ant lank 94n-. ord automat c weapcn~ ~cme.1 oent~ 'yoLhed C' Du-ned a ,e At 'east torty k 'eo, nund ed, ~OU ded, 700 TOP O~ arrested ~EE SORt ON PAGE CRED T. LNS Graph c, BO 'OM .Et _ Beha.iora!ism. SEE S'ORY ON PAGE 6. BO rOM RIGHT: Anti-nuclear carLOOn GOES WIH STORY ON PAGE I CRED T. Bugle Amel canrlNS P-z LIBERAi.ON NEw~ )ERvlCE \N8Z7) NOvember 6, 976 The End