Crop Breeding with modern
resources
Joint Director
IARI, New Delhi
Crop Varieties Released
Crop
Number of varieties
released
Wheat
15
Rice
02
Pearl Millet
01
Brassica
07
Chickpea
06
Soybean
03
Wheat Varieties Released (15)
Variety
Zone
Production Condition
Year
Average Yield (t/ha)
HD2967
NWPZ
Irrigated timely sown
2011
5.50
HD 3059 (Pusa Pachheti)
NWPZ
Irrigated, Late Sown
2013
4.30
HD 3043 (Pusa Chaitnya)
NWPZ
Restricted irrigation timely sown
2013
4.28
HD 3086 (Pusa Gautami)
NWPZ
Irrigated timely sown
2014
5.46
HD 2985 (Pusa Basant)
NEPZ
Irrigated late sown
2011
3.78
HI1563 (Pusa Prachi)
NEPZ
Irrigated late sown
2010
4.20
HD 3090 (Pusa Amulya)
PZ
Irrigated, Late Sown
2014
4.21
HD 2987 (Pusa Bahar)
PZ
Rainfed
timely
sown
and
restricted irrigated timely sown
2011
1.75 (RF)
3.15 (RI)
HW 1095
SZ
-
2013
4.40
HW 1098 (Nilgiri Khapli)
SZ
-
2013
4.60
HW 5207
SZ
-
2013
5.21
HW 5216 (Pusa
Thennamalai)
CZ
-
2013
4.56
HI 8713 (Pusa Mangal)
CZ
Irrigated timely sown
2013
5.23
HS507 (Pusa Suketi)
NHZ
Timely sown-IR/RF
HS 542 (PUSA KIRAN)
NHZ
Early sown-Rainfed condition
4.68(IR), 2.66 (RF)
3.29
HD 2967: A Miracle Wheat
Wider adaptation: Suitable for both NEPZ
and NWPZ
 A non-carrier of 1B-1R translocation
 Excellent Chapatti making quality
 Minor gene based yellow rust resistance
Replaced PBW 343 in 80% of the area in
Punjab within 4 years of its release
Superfast Spread of HD 2967
HD2967
 Area covered during: 2013-14
: 6.0 m ha, 2014-15: 8 m.ha
 Expected production at 5.5
t/ha: 33 million tons
 Approximate value @ Rs.
13000/t: 42,900 crores
PBW343
HD2967
HD 2985(PUSA BASANT)
Wheat Variety HD 2985 was released for commercial cultivation in the states of Uttar
Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal and Assam under late sown conditions in rice wheat
cropping system.
HD 2987(PUSA BAHAR)
Wheat Variety HD 2987 was released for commercial cultivation in the states of Maharashtra
and Karnataka under rainfed and restricted irrigated conditions.
HD 3043: Restricted irrigation timely sown
HD 3086 (PUSA GAUTAMI)
NWPZ: Irrigated timely sown
9
HD3059 (Pusa Pachheti)
An early maturing (121 days), semi-dwarf (93 cm) wheat
variety with average yield of 4.3 t/ha and genetic potential of
5.9 t/ha under late sown, irrigated conditions of NWPZ
HD3090 (Pusa Amulya)
An early maturing (101 days), semi-dwarf (80 cm) wheat
variety with average yield of 4.21 t/ha for irrigated late sown
Varieties proposed for Conservation Agriculture
Three varieties have been proposed for identification in Bihar and NCR region
HDCSW18: For early seeding (mid of Oct) under CA
HDCSW16: For normal time sowing i.e. first week of Nov to Mid of Dec
HD 3117 : For late time seeding i.e. 1st of week of Dec to end of Dec.
HD CSW 18
Breeding to exploit genotype x cropping system interaction to enhance resource
use efficiency in wheat based cropping system in India
HW 1095 dicoccum released as COW2 for the
state of TN during 2013-14
• Developed through irradiation at 200gray from NP 200 historic check
• Having yield potential of 44q/ha with >15 protein
• Semi dwarf and resistant to rust diseases
HW 1098 released as ‘Nilgiri Khapli’ for all
dicoccum growing areas in India during 2013
 Semi-dwarf, high yielding rust resistant variety
 Developed from traditional variety NP 202 through irradiation (200gray)
 Having comparable grain quality as that of NP200/NP202
HW 5207 accepted for TN state release as COW3 which was
developed through marker assisted breeding
HW 5207 (Lr24+Sr24, Yr15, Sr2)




A multiple disease resistant high yielding semi-dwarf variety carrying Lr24+Sr24, Yr15 and Sr2
Having yield potential of 59.6 q/ha with a mean yield of 52.1 q/ha
Developed through Marker assisted breeding
Produced luxurious and bold grain with high protein (> 11% )and micro nutrient- high level of
iron (53.1ppm), Zinc (46.3ppm), Copper (5.33ppm) and manganese (47.5ppm)
HW 5216 (Pusa Thenmalai) popularized in
non-traditional areas
 A high yielding bread wheat released for Southern hill zone during 2013 and
notified during 2014 by CVRC
 Having yield potential over 62q/ha and mean grain yield of 45.6q/ha
 Resistant to all the three rusts carrying Lr24+Sr24, Sr31 gene complex
Marker Assisted Breeding and Hybrid Wheat
Introgression of rust resistance genes
Novel rust resistance genes transferred from Ae.markgrafii (2n=2x=14,genome CC) and T.militinae
(2n=4x=28,genome AAGG)
•Er9- seedling gene for leaf rust resistance from Ae.markgrafii
•Er1-APR gene for stripe and leaf rust resistance from Ae.markgrafii
•TM derivatives- Both leaf and stripe rust resistance genes from T.militinae
Molecular mapping:
Rust resistance genes
•Leaf rust resistance gene Lr45 –Chromosome 2A
•Stem rust resistance genes in WR95- chromosome 5DL and 2BL
•Leaf rust resistance gene in T.durum genotype Trinakria- chromosome 5BS
Fertility restoration genes
•Rf8- a new gene on chromosome 2D
Marker assisted backcross breeding:
•Effective multiple rust resistance genes(Lr19,Lr24,Lr34,Sr26,Yr10 &Yr15) transferred
in wheat varieties HD2932, HD2733 and HD2967
•Varieties nominated in trials in 2013: HD2932+Lr19/Sr25, HD2932+Sr26
Diversification of CMS and restorer lines:
•Total number of CMS and restorer lines increased to more than hundred each
•On the basis of last five years experience, promising CMS and restorer lines identified
Introgression of Rust Resistance GenesThe stocks(RIL’S) for Leaf rust resistance maintained and utilized at IARI, RS, Wellington
*Markers available – up to serial no.9 already completed
Sl.No
Leaf rust genes( Out of 68 cataloged genes)
Source
1
Lr9* (Not effective)
Aegilops umbellulata
2
Lr19*+Sr25
Thinopyrum ponticum= Agropyron elongatum
3
Lr24+Sr24*
Thinopyrum ponticum= Agropyron elongatum
4
Lr26+Sr31+Yr9+Pm8*
Secale cereale(Petkus Rye)
5
Lr28*
Aegilops speltoides
6
Lr32
Aegilops squarossa=Triticum tauschii
7
Lr34*+Yr18+Bdv1+Ltn (individually not effective)
Triticum aestivum
8
Lr35(APR Race specific)+Sr39*
Ae.speltoides
9
Lr37+Sr38+Yr17*
Ae.ventricosum
Up to Lr37+ already introgressed into 30 commercial cultivars
10
Lr39* (Down this all are under current programe)
T.tauschii
11
Lr41
T.tauschii
12
Lr42
T.tauschii
13
Lr44
Triticum spelta
14
Lr45
Secale cereale(Imperial Rye)
15
Lr46(APR-Race non-specific)+Yr29*
T.aestivum
16
Lr47*
Ae.speltoides
17
Lr48
T.aestivum
18
Lr49
T.aestivum
19
Lr53+Yr35*
T. dicoccoides
20
Lr57
Aegilops geniculata
21
Lr67+Yr46(APR gene)
T.aestivum
22
Lr68+(APR)
T.aestivum
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
ACCUMULATING FAVOURABLE REGIONS
ind. 1
x
ind. 2
1st Recombination
ind. 3
ind. 4
x
2nd Recombination
x
19
DBW 43(P2)
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
HI 1500 (P1)
F1
Phenotyping
in E1, E2, E3
and E4 in
Rainfed and
irrigated
F2
Genotyping
and QTL
validation
F 4 And F5 generation
Delhi
2011-12
Selection of lines for intercrossing based on multilocation AMMI Analyses of phenotype (RF + RI) and QTLs genotyping
Fam.1
2
3
F5:F1
4
5
F5:F1
Delhi
2012-13
Lahoul
2012-13
F5:F1
F5:F1
Delhi Power
kheda 2013-14
F5:F2
F5:F2
F5:F2
7… .25
6
F5:F2
DC
Lahoul
2013-14
F5:F3
DC
F5:F4
DC
F5:F4
Delhi
2014-15
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
Traits targeted and phenotyped
Morphological traits
1.
Days to flag leaf emergence
2.
Days to 50% heading
3.
Plant height (cm)
3. Ground cover (E1)
4. Grain yield (g/plot)
5. Harvest index
6. Above ground biomass (g/plot)
7. Test weight (g)
8. Grain filling duration
9. Days to maturity
10. Gn wt/10 spike (E1)
11. Spike length (E1)
Physiological traits
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
NDVI (E1 & E4)
Canopy temperature (CT) (E1& E4)
Photosynthetic rate(IRGA) (E1)
Chlorophyll content (SPAD) (E1, E3 & E4)
Chlorophyll florescence (E1)
LAI(leaf area index) (E1)
Leaf area (E1)
Phenomics (E1)
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
Intercrossed Progenie with high Yield Potential P159-2 /P 157-8
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
During Kisan Mela…………………….
900
800
700
600
YLD (g)
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
1000
500
400
300
200
100
0
153-9
63-14
63-2M
68-15
8-21M
8-22F
HD 3043
HD3043
HI 1500
DBW 43
Advanced lines in F8 Generation proposed for station trail
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
Elite Lines promoted to CVT 2014-15
Location
CVT ENTRY
PEDEGREE
Central Zone TS C0F8 MARS cross 1 P63-1
DBW 43 × HI 1500
NWPZ VLS
C0F8 MARS cross 1 P102-9
DBW 43 × HI 1500
NWPZ VLS
C0F8 MARS cross 3 P5
(VL755/UP2338//BAU/KAUZ)х( K.S…1 × PBW 562)
NWPZ VLS
C0F8 MARS cross 4 P11
PBW 442 × INQ*3/TUKURU//DBW 18
co MARS cross 1 P102-9
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
C0 MARS cross-1 P102-9
Markers
Traits
Allele
BARC 68(3B)
Fv/Fm, chl
Homo for DBW 43
positive allele
WMC 487
(6B)
1000 Gn wt
Homo for DBW 43
positive allele
GWM 337
CT
Homo for DBW 43
positive allele
Cfd 79
Yld
(drought)
Homo for DBW 43 allele
positive allele
Barc 147
yld
Homo for HI1500
positive allele
BARC 170
(4A)
CT , Fv/Fm
Homo for HI1500
positive allele
Co MARS cross 1 P102-9
YLD(g)
900
800
700
600
BARC 186BARC
151(5A)
CT
Homo for HI 1500
positive allele
500
400
300
200
100
0
P102-9
HI1500
DBW43
HD 3043
Wheat Improvement for temperature and
moisture suppressive environments
Molecular Breeding for improving WUE, heat
and drought tolerance in wheat
1A
1B
1D
2A
2B
2D
Yield traits from Parent
DBW43
3A
3B
3D
5A
6A
6B 7A
7B 7D
Drought tolerance from Parent B
HI 1500
Strategies: MABB/MARS/GS
Quality Improvement in Wheat
 Industrial
trait: flour values, flour
strength and extensibility traits
 Varieties released after 1985 have not
been screened for these traits
 50
varieties
have
been
fully
characterized.
Variation in bread and biscuit quality
in Indian wheat varieties
NI5439
PBW 343
HD 2687
(Soft endosperm is a primary factor improving the cookie quality (judged by tests such as
Spread factor and Solvent retention capacity in addition to cookie making) but most
Indian cultivars are medium hard to hard)
 Particle fraction of the flour is negatively correlated with biscuit making quality
 Cookies with relatively better spread factor can be produced from flours having weak
and extensible dough even from medium soft and medium hard grain
Basmati Revolution and Forex Earning
Total Export: 4.0 million tons (2013-14)
Total Earning (2009-14): 90,000 crores
US $ 5.1
billion
33000
35000
(Rs. in crores)
30000
25000
19391
20000
15449
15000
10889
11354
10000
5000
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
(Year)
2012-13
2013-14
Pusa Basmati 1509
Pusa Basmati 1121
Pusa Basmati 1121
Pusa Basmati 1509
Pusa 1612: A MAS derived blast resistant
NIL of Pusa Sugandh 5 released (2013)
Group Achievement
 First MAS derived variety in India to be released through NIL
trial
 Identified for release in Region II (Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and
Jammu & Kashmir) of the Basmati growing areas of northwestern India for which the recurrent parent Pusa Sugandh 5
has been released
Pusa 1609: The first MAS derived neck blast
resistant Basmati rice variety
 The first MAS derived
neck blast resistant
Basmati rice variety
 Identified for release
in
the
Basmati
growing regions of the
Uttar
Pradesh,
National
Capital
Region
of
Delhi,
Uttarakhand
and
Punjab
Pusa 1592: A MAS derived BB resistant NIL of
Pusa Sugandh 5
 Pusa 1592-06-5-2 (IET 22289), is a MAS derived bacterial blight resistant
NIL of Pusa Sugandh 5 developed by pyramiding of bacterial blight
resistance genes, xa13 and Xa21
 Identified for release in Region II (Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and Jammu &
Kashmir) of the Basmati growing areas of north-western India for which
the recurrent parent Pusa Sugandh 5 has been released
Development of PB1-NILs with Blast Resistance
D1
PB1
(Pi1+Pi54+Pita)
F1
X
D2
(Pi5)
PB1
F1
PB1
X
D3
(Pi9)
PB1
PB1
F1
D4
(Pi2)
PB1
F1
PB1
X
X
BC4F1
BC4F1
BC4F1
BC4F1
Pusa 1633
(Pi1+Pi54+Pita)
Pusa 1636
(Pi5)
Pusa 1637
(Pi9)
Pusa 1634
(Pi2)
Pusa 1878
(Pi5+Pi9)
Pusa 1680
Pusa 1680
(Pita+Pi5+Pi9)
(Pi1+Pi54+Pi5+Pi9)
PB1
PB1
Pusa 1879
(Pi2+Pib)
Pusa 1681
(Pi2+Pib+Pi5+Pi9)
Pusa 1887
Pusa 1682
(Pi1+Pi54+Pita+Pi5+Pi9)
(Pi1+Pi54+Pib+Pi5+Pi2+Pi9)
D5
(Pib)
F1 X
BC4F1
Pusa 1635
(Pib)
PB1
Grain and cooking quality of Blast resistant PB 1 NILs
with two genes Pi9+Pi5
Pusa Basmati 1 IRBL9-W(Pi9) IRBL5-M (Pi5)
Pusa 1878-1
Pusa 1878-2
Pi5+Pi9
Pusa 1401 NILs with bacterial blight resistance
Pusa 1401
Pusa 1460
Pusa 1401+xa13+Xa21
Pusa 1401 (PB 6)NILs with Blast Resistance
Pusa 1401
Pusa 1602 (Piz5)
Pusa1603 (Pi54)
Pusa 1401+Piz5+Pi54
QTL mapping for Grain Chalkiness
Pusa1266
Jaya
Indian J. Genet., 73(3): 244-251 (2013)
Accelerated development of QPM
S.No
.
Hybrids
Parental Inbreds*
Area of adaptation
1.
HM-4
HKI-1105 × HKI-323
Delhi, Punjab, Haryana
2.
HM-8
HKI-1105 × HKI-161
AP, TN, Maharashtra,
Karnataka
3.
HM-9
HKI-1105 × HKI-1128
Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa
4.
HM-10
HKI-193-2 × HKI-1128
Delhi, Punjab, Haryana,
Western UP, Rajasthan,
MP, Gujarat, AP, TN,
Maharashtra, Karnataka
5.
HM-11
HKI1128 × HKI163
Across country except
Himalayan belt
* Black coloured inbreds are QPM, red coloured inbreds are normal type
HM-8
QPM version of HM-8
Beta-Carotene-enriched Hybrids
Target hybrids:
VQPM9
Vivek Hybrid 27
HM 4
HM 8
25
21.64
21.51
20
17.02
15
12.49
10
5
2.03
1.97
1.85
2.54
0
Vivek QPM-9
Vivek Hybrid-27
HM-4
HM-8
Combining sh2 and su1 genes
Sucrose
cytosol
Class 1 mutant
20 DAP
Maturity
shrunken2 (sh2sh2)
Plastid
Class 2 mutant
Sugary (su1su1)
 Sh2 based hybrids have better shelf life, more sugar (~20-25%) but kernels are dull (not preferred)
 Su1 based hybrids have low shelf life, less sugar (~12-15%), but kernels are creamy and glossy (due to
high WSP.
 By combining the two, enhanced sugar , long shelf life and glossy kernels can be achieved.
Development of su1su1sh2sh2
sh2sh2 x su1su1
Su1_/sh2sh2
(F1: Normal)
Sh2sh2/Su1su1
su1su1/Sh2_
F2
9: Sh2_/Su1_
3: sh2sh2/Su1_
3: Sh2_/su1su1
1: sh2sh2/su1su1
Su1_/Sh2_
su1su1/sh2sh2
su1su1sh2sh2
F1 ear: F2 seeds
Water-logging tolerant maize hybrids
Pearl millet Varieties Released during 2009-2014
Pusa Composite 612 (MP 480)
Released in 2010 for zone-B, an early maturing, fast growing pearl millet
composite variety, highly resistant to downy mildew disease and suitable for
rain-fed and irrigated conditions
White grain pearl millet lines developed
 Suitable for food industry
 655 white grain pearl millet lines
developed
 82 lines totally free from Downy
Mildew
 Five breeding lines with high Fe and
zinc lines were developed in Pearl
millet
 Several mapping populations for downy
mildew resistance, high iron, thick
spike were developed
 Six QTL (s) were identified for downy
mildew resistance in pearl millet
Brassica: Achievements at a Glance
Released and notified seven varieties at national level
Pusa Mustard 24 (Quality)
2009
NWPZ
Pusa Mustard 25 (Early)
2010
NWPZ
Pusa Mustard 26 (Late)
2011
NWPZ
Pusa Mustard 27 (Early)
2011
CZ
Pusa Mustard 28 (Early)
2012
NWPZ
Pusa Mustard 29 (Quality)
2013
NWPZ
Pusa Mustard 30 (Quality)
2013
CZ
Two new entries PDZ-1 & PDZ-2 of double zero B. juncea contributed to
AICRP RM testing during 2013-14 for the first time in the country
Use of molecular tools: MAS/MABB for quality, White rust, Identified new
SNPs, tagged white rust resistance gene, heat tolerance contd…
Protocols/Methodology: Three (Heat tolerance, Methyl ester, Maintenance
breeding),
Breeder and nucleus seed production:
Share of IARI Indian mustard varieties in breeder seed indent ranged from
32.19% (2009-10) to 56% (2013-14) with an average of ~40% annually in
comparison to national indents
Short duration varieties as a replacement of toria
Pusa Mustard 25




Pusa Mustard 27
 Released in 2010 for CZ
 Average yield: 15.35 q/ ha
 Maturity: 118 days
 Oil content : 41.7%
 Tolerant
to
high
temperature
(seedling stage) and salinity to some
extent
Released in 2010 for NWPZ
Average seed yield 1.5 t/ ha
Maturity ̴100 days
Productivity: >14 kg/ day/ha
Variety for late sown condition
Pusa Mustard 26
 Released in 2011 for NWPZ for late sown conditions, Yield: 16.04 q/ ha,
Maturity: 125 days, Tolerant to high temperatures at seedling and
maturity
Low Erucic Acid Mustard Varieties
Pusa Mustard 24
Average seed yield - 20.25
q/ha, Oil content - 36.55%
Maturity : 140 days, NWPZ
Pusa Mustard 29
• Seed yield
: 21.69 q/ha
• 1000-seed weight : ~4.0 g
• Oil content
: 37.2%
• Maturity
: 143 days
• Moderately tolerant to high temp
at seedling & maturity
Low erucic acid variety for Central India
Pusa Mustard 30 (LES-43)





Seed yield: 18.24 q/ha
1000-seed weight: 5.38g
Oil content
: 37.7%
Maturity
: 137 days
Moderately tolerant to high temp at seedling & maturity
Maintenance of quality materials
Chickpea Varieties Released during 2009-2014
S.
No
1
2
3
4
5
6.
Variety
Pusa 5023 (Pusa Shaktiman)
Pusa 5028 (Pusa Bheema)
Pusa 2085
Pusa Green 112
BGD 103 (desi)
BG 1105 (Kabuli)
Year of
Release
2012
2012
2013
2013
2009
2009
Area of
adaptation
Delhi State
Delhi State
Delhi State
Delhi State
Karnataka
Karnataka
Varieties released during 2012
Varieties released during 2013
Share of IARI Chickpea Varieties in
Total Breeder seed Indent
10000
9000
INDENT (QT)
8000
TOTAL
INDENT
7000
6000
IARI
VARIETIES
INDENT
5000
4000
3000
2000
4.16%
1000
0
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
YEAR
2012-13
Pigeonpea: Significant Achievement
 Extra early maturity (120 days),




dwarf genotypes suitable for
pigeonpea-wheat
rotation,
mechanical harvesting have been
developed
Pusa 2012-1 : Promoted into AVT1(Early) for NWPZ, Yield: 27.04
q/ha
Inheritance of male fertility
restoration
31 new A lines (16 A2 + 15 A4
Cytoplasm) and 50 new R lines
have
been
developed
from
interspecific cross C. scarabaeoides
x Pusa 33
QTLs for different yield related
traits mapped from RILs of cross
Dwarf X H 2001-4
Compact erect plant type with long pods, 4-5 seeds/pod, bold
seeds and profuse bearing for pigeonpea-wheat CS
Row to row distance can be further
reduced from 60 to 45 cm to
increase plant population/ unit area
Soybean :Varieties released
DS12-13
Released for North Plain Zone By CVRC, a bold seeded variety having
high oil content (19.60%), resistant to yellow mosaic virus, Rhizoctonia
Arial blight and Bacterial Pustule
DS2614 (Pusa 14)
Released for Delhi State, a
medium bold seeded variety
having good seed longevity and
high oil content (20.26%),
resistant to yellow mosaic virus,
Rhizoctonia Arial blight and
Bacterial Pustule
DS12-5
Released for North Plain Zone, a
bold seeded variety having high
oil content (20.08%), resistant to
yellow mosaic virus, Rhizoctonia
Arial blight and Bacterial Pustule
•Thanks NSAI