Lab I:Laboratory safety
Prof Gülden Çelik,MD
MDCN247
At the end of this session the student
should be able to list
– Principles and Procedures of Laboratory Safety:
• Informed Consent Form for The Rules and Regulations
in Practice Laboratory
• Standard (Universal) Safety Precautions
• First Aid Procedures after Accidental Exposure to
Infectious Material
• Hand Hygiene (Hand washing, Hand rubbing, Surgical
Hand Preparation)
-Devices in the microbiology lab and their
functions
OSHA: Occupational safety and health
administration regulations
Workplace Transmission
Professions at risk of exposure:
contact with someone bleeding or
responsible for the cleanup of
blood and other infections
materials.
• physicians and nurses (health
center),
• police officers,
• athletic trainers,
• maintenance workers
• environmental services workers.
•
Universal Precautions
• Employee exposure to bloodborne pathogens from blood
and Other Potentially Infectious Materials (OPIM)
• Bloodborne pathogens are pathogenic microorganisms that
are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans.
• Some infections that can be transmitted through contact with
blood and body fluids include:
– HIV, Hepatitis A, B, C, Staph and Strep infections, Gastroenteritissalmonella, and shigella, Pneumonia, Syphilis, TB, Malaria, Measles,
Chicken Pox, Herpes, Urinary tract infections, and Blood infections.
The greatest risks are from HIV and Hepatitis B and C.
http://www.osha.gov
First Aid Procedures
after
Accidental Exposure to Infectious Material
Accidental sharps injury
• What should you know?
A significant exposure risk is present in any accidental sharps injury,
even if no blood is visible and the skin does not appear to be broken.
• What should you do?
• Flush the area well in clean running water and wash thoroughly
with soap.
• Cover with a dressing if necessary.
• Report the incident to a supervisor or the physician-in-charge
immediately.
• Corrective action is required if a procedural cause of the accident is
identified.
Accidental contact with infectious material
• What should you know?
This includes any unprotected contact between potentially
infectious material and broken skin, the mouth, nose or eye.
• What should you do?
-Flush the area with soap and clean water. Use water or
sterile saline alone for splashes to the eye or mouth.
-Report the incident to a supervisor or the physician-incharge immediately.
-Corrective action is required if a procedural cause of the
accident is identified.
Immediate actions after accidental
exposure
What should you know?
• Certain procedures must be followed after exposure to potentially
infectious material.
• Hepatitis B and C virus, HIV.
• What should you do?
• A baseline blood specimen should be collected immediately from the
exposed health care worker and, if feasible, from the source.
• Prophylactic measures should be initiated immediately for all of the
workers exposed.
• If there is a risk for outbreak, procedures for possible treatment and for
the longer term follow-up of exposed health care workers should be
established.
• Corrective action is required if a procedural cause of the accident is
identified.
label with biohazard insignia
Decontamination of surfaces
• Wear an apron, heavy-duty gloves, and other
barrier protection if needed.
• Wipe clean with an absorbent material.
• Disinfect surface by wiping clean with the
disinfectant given.
• Then discard all absorbent material in heavy duty
“hazardous waste” with a red bag.
Decontamination of blood or body
fluid spills
• Learn the location and how to use the
equipment in case of an accidental spill.
• Put an absorbent tissue with a disinfectant on
the spillage or splash and left for at least 30
minutes.
Equipment to be used in case of
contamination
Hand Hygiene
• Hand washing (plain soap and water, paper
towel)
• Hand rubbing (alcohol, no water, no towel)
• Surgical Hand Preparation
Normal skin has aerobic
microorganisms in flora
Different number of organism in different region
of the skin:
• Scalp 1x106
• Axillary 5x105
• Abdomen 4x104
• Forearm 1x104 CFU/cm2
• Bacterial counts on healthcare workers’ (HCW)
hands range from 104 to 106/cm2.
Skin Flora
Resident microorganisms;
• attached to deeper layers of the skin more resistant to
removal less likely to be associated with healthcare
associated infections (HAIs).
Transient microorganisms;
• acquired by direct contact with patients or
contaminated environmental surfaces
• colonize the superficial layers of skin
• amenable to removal
• frequently associated with HAIs
Reference: WHO Global Patient Safety Challenge, 2006, WHO,
Geneva.
(http://www.who.int/gpsc/tools/GPSC-HandRub-Wash.pdf)
WHO Risk Groups for Infectious
Disease Agents
• 4 risk groups:
Risk group 1: A microorganism that is unlikely cause disease in
humans and animals
Biosafety level 1: open bench
http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/Biosafet
y7.pdf
Hands and other skin surfaces
• must be washed immediately and thoroughly
if contact with blood or other body fluids
occurs.
• Hands must be washed immediately after
gloves are removed and after completing
laboratory activities.
• All personal protective equipment should be
removed before leaving the laboratory.
Health care workers
• who have exudative lesions or weeping
dermatitis should refrain from all direct
patient care and from handling patient-care
equipment until the condition is resolved.
Bloodborne pathogens may be present in
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Blood
Semen
saliva
vaginal secretions
cerebrospinal fluid
synovial fluid
pleural fluid
peritoneal fluid
pericardial fluid
amniotic fluid
any body fluid visibly
contaminated with blood
– any unidentifiable body fluid.
Entrance of these pathogens
• by an accidental injury with a sharp object
contaminated with infectious materials such
as
– needles, glass, or anything which can pierce,
puncture, or cut skin.
• Transmission may also occur by
– transferring the infectious material to the mouth,
eyes, nose, or open skin.
EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN
A. Purpose
•
The purpose of the Exposure Control Plan is to
eliminate workplace exposure to contaminated
blood and other infectious body fluids.
B. Definitions
1. Engineering Controls
are physical or mechanical systems provided to
eliminate hazards at their source.
•
providing
•
handwashing facilities,
•
eye stations
•
sharps containers,
•
waste containers,
•
biohazard labels in designated locations.
2. Work Practice Controls
Work practice controls are specific procedures to be
followed to reduce exposure to bloodborne
pathogens or infectious materials.
Devices
• Autoclave:sterilization
with moist heat
• Incubater: for
cultivation at 37 C
For lab report II
• Next lab one will
• You will chose and
demonstrate proper
write down the most
hand washing
important 5 rules for • The devices we have
and their functions
safety in the
laboratory in the
• Thank you
informed consent
• Biosafety level we
will work
• The barriers we use