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A Bibliography of Labor History in Pennsylvania
First Draft Compiled and Edited by
Nathaniel J. Donato
University of Pittsburgh
September 2014
Second Draft Compiled and Edited by
Charles L Lumpkins
Pennsylvania Labor History Society and the
School of Labor and Employment Relations, Pennsylvania State University
Labor History Bibliography Project Directed by
Kenneth Wolensky
Pennsylvania Labor History Society and the
Pennsylvania Historical Association
Pennsylvania Labor History Society
March 2015
Table of Contents:
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………….3
African American Labor ................................................................................................................. 5
Artisan and Craft Labor………………………… .......................................................................... 6
Biography……………………………………… ............................................................................ 6
Child Labor…………………………………… ............................................................................. 7
Coal ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Deindustrialization ........................................................................................................................ 16
Environment………………… ...................................................................................................... 17
Farming and Agricultural Labor ................................................................................................... 17
Glass Industry………………………………… ....................................................................... …19
Healthcare and Hospital……………………………… ............................................................... .19
Immigrant Labor…………………………… ............................................................................... 19
Industrialization ............................................................................................................................ 22
Iron ................................................................................................................................................ 24
Law and Politics ............................................................................................................................ 26
Life ................................................................................................................................................ 28
Literature……………………………… ....................................................................................... 31
Lumber .......................................................................................................................................... 31
Movies, Multimedia, and Videos…… .......................................................................................... 32
Music ……………….........................................................................……………………………34
Office Labor……………………………………. ......................................................................... 35
Oil ................................................................................................................................................. 36
Public Sector………………………….. ....................................................................................... 38
Railroads and Locomotives (see also Transportation) .................................................................. 39
Restaurants, Diners, and Fast-Food Franchises… ........................................................................ 40
Slavery, Servitude, and Prison Labor…. ...................................................................................... 40
Steel............................................................................................................................................... 40
1
Strikes and Protests ....................................................................................................................... 45
Textiles.......................................................................................................................................... 49
Transportation (see also Railroads and Locomotives)… .............................................................. 52
Unions and the Labor Movement ................................................................................................. 52
Visual Arts……………….. .......................................................................................................... 57
Women’s Labor ............................................................................................................................ 57
Other ............................................................................................................................................. 58
Websites………………………………………………………………………………………….61
2
Introduction
During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries Pennsylvania was recognized as a national
industrial leader. Dominant industries included Iron and Steel, Coal, Coke, Textiles, Garment,
Lumber, and Railroads. Immigrant workers composed a large percentage of the
Commonwealth’s industrial workforce as had slaves and indentured servants in an earlier era.
While its natural resources, capital investments, and industrial outputs were impressive,
industrialization came at a cost as the struggles of workers and labor unions formed a dominant
element in industrial Pennsylvania. Capital and labor were often at odds as reflected in
monumental events such as the Battle of Homestead in 1892, the Great Anthracite Coal Strike of
1902, the Great Steel or “Hunkie” Strike of 1919 and the Knox Mine Disaster in 1959.
Pennsylvania was also home to farm laborers and public-sector workers who were among
the first in the nation to unionize with the unprecedented Acts 111 and 195 in the late 1960s and
early 1970s. Indeed, strong public- and private-sector unions and displays of worker solidarity
were, and, in some cases, remain common in the Commonwealth’s diverse economy.
By the latter-half of the twentieth century, Pennsylvania entered into its long and painful
industrial decline. “Deindustrialization,” as it came to be called by economists, historians, and
social scientists, devastated communities and displaced hundreds of thousands of industrial
workers. The once powerful industrial unions saw their membership decrease. Public-sector
3
unions expanded, however. In addition, newly emerging unions within the public sector came to
represent tens of thousands of workers.
This bibliography contains publications about labor and workers in Pennsylvania history.
It is a diverse compilation that includes among its entries titles of scholarly and popular books
and articles, public history, film and songs, but not dissertations. It lists a number of titles under
more than one subject heading. The bibliography also has works that partially cover
Pennsylvania under the category, “Other.” While comprehensive, it remains a work-in-progress
as new scholarship and depictions of the lives of Pennsylvania workers and labor unions appear.
The bibliography is useful to scholars, students, and laypersons interested in the history of labor
in Pennsylvania.
4
African American Labor
Bezís-Selfa, John. “Slavery and the Disciplining of Free Labor in the Colonial Mid-Atlantic Iron
Industry.” Pennsylvania History 64 (1997): 270-286.
Bloom, John. “‘The Farmers Didn't Particularly Care for Us’: Oral Narrative and the Grass Roots
Recovery of African American Migrant Farm Labor History in Central Pennsylvania.”
Pennsylvania History 78, no. 4 (2011): 323-354.
Bodnar, John E. “Peter C. Blackwell and the Negro Community of Steelton, 1880-1920.” The
Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 97, no. 2 (1973): 199-209.
Cole, Peter. Wobblies on the Waterfront: Interracial Unionism in Progressive-Era Philadelphia
(Working Class in American History). Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2007.
Dickerson, Dennis C. Out of the Crucible: Black Steelworkers in Western Pennsylvania, 1875–
1980. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1986.
Gottlieb, Peter. Making Their Own Way: Southern Blacks' Migration to Pittsburgh, 1916–30.
Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987.
Gray, LaGuana. We Just Keep Running the Line: Black Southern Women and the Poultry
Processing Industry. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2014.
Hodge, Ruth. Guide to African American Resources at the Pennsylvania State Archives.
Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 2000.
Hopkins, LeRoy, and Eric Ledell Smith. The African Americans in Pennsylvania. Harrisburg:
Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1994.
Lynch, Leon. “Black Labor History: An Overview: From a Paper Delivered to the 1979 Spring
Conference of the Pennsylvania Labor History Society at Philadelphia.” Pennsylvania Labor
History Notes 1, no. 5 (February 1979): 13-20.
Miller, Jacquelyn C. “The Wages of Blackness: African American Workers and the Meanings of
Race during Philadelphia's 1793 Yellow Fever Epidemic” The Pennsylvania Magazine of
History and Biography 129, no. 4 (2005): 163-194.
Obsorne, Christopher M. “Invisible Hands: Slaves, Bound Laborers, and the Development of
Western Pennsylvania.” Pennsylvania History 72, no. 1 (2009): 77-99.
Reed, Merl E. “Black Workers, Defense Industries, and Federal Agencies in Pennsylvania, 19411945.” Labor History 27, no. 3 (Summer 1986): 356-375.
5
Ryan, Francis. AFSCME's Philadelphia Story: Municipal Workers and Urban Power in the
Twentieth Century. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2010.
Trotter, Joe William, Jr. River Jordan: African American Urban Life in the Ohio Valley.
Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1998.
Trotter, Joe William Jr. and Eric Ledell Smith. African Americans in Pennsylvania: Shifting
Historical Perspectives. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997.
Walker, Joseph E. “Negro Labor in the Charcoal Iron Industry of Southeastern Pennsylvania.”
The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 93, no. 4 (1969): 466-486.
Wax, Darold D. “The Demand for Slave Labor in Colonial Pennsylvania.” Pennsylvania History
34, no. 4 (1967): 331-345.
Williams, Heather Andrea. American Slavery: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford
University Press, 2014.
Artisan and Craft Labor
Greenberg, Brian. “Class Conflict and the Demise of the Artisan Order: The Cordwainers’ 1805
Strike and 1806 Conspiracy Trial,” Legacies 14, no. 1 (Spring 2014): 6-11.
Howell, Mark D. “A Rural Craftsman in Present-Day Pennsylvania.” Pennsylvania Folklife, 40,
no. 2 (1990): 86-94.
Biography
Gilfillan, Harriet Woodridge. I Went to Pit College. New York: Viking Press, 1934.
Grob, Gerald N. “Terence V. Powderly and the Knights of Labor.” Mid-America, 39 (New
Series, 28), no. 1 (January 1958): 39-55.
Grossman, Jonathan. William Sylvis, Pioneer of American Labor. New York: Columbia
University Press, 1945.
Jason, Sonya. Icon of Spring. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1993.
Pessen, Edward. “The Ideology of Stephen Simpson, Upperclass Champion of the Early
Philadelphia Workingmen’s Movement.” Pennsylvania History, 22 (October 1955): 328-340.
McCollester, Charles, ed. Fighter with a Heart: Writings of Charles Owen Rice, Pittsburgh
Labor Priest. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1996.
6
Sylvis, James C. The Life, Speeches, Labors and Essays of William H. Sylvis, Late President of
the Iron-moulders’ International Union; and also of the National Labor Union. Philadelphia:
Claxton, Remsen, and Haffelfinger, 1872.
Todes, Charlotte. William H. Sylvis and the National Labor Union. New York: International
Publishers, 1942.
Wolensky, Kenneth C. The Life of Pennsylvania Governor George M. Leader: Challenging
Complacency. Easton: Lehigh University Press, 2011.
Child Labor
Blatz, Perry K. “The All-Too-Youthful Proletarians.” Pennsylvania Heritage, 7, no. 1 (March
1981): 13-16.
Flannery, James L. The Glass House Boys of Pittsburgh: Law, Technology and Child Labor.
Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2009.
Goldin, Claudia. “Household and Market Production of Families in a Late Nineteenth Century
American City.” Explorations in Economic History 16, no. 2 (April 1979): 111-131.
Jensen, Joan M. “Butter Making and Economic Development in Mid-Atlantic America from
1750 to 1850.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society 13, no. 4 (Summer 1988): 813829.
Larner, John William. “The Glass House Boys: Child Labor Conditions in Pittsburgh’s Glass
Factories, 1890-1917.” Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine 48, no. 4 (January 1965):
355-364.
Speakman, Joseph M. “The Inspector and His Critics: Child Labor Reform in Pennsylvania.”
Pennsylvania History 69, no. 2 (March 2002): 266-286.
Stepenoff, Bonnie. “Keeping It in the Family: Mother Jones and the Pennsylvania Silk Strike of
1900-1901.” Labor History 38, no. 4 (Fall 1997): 432-449.
Coal
Abrams, James, et. al. “Anthracite Mining Unionism and the UMW: An Oral History.”
Pennsylvania History 58, no. 4 (1991): 330-337.
Aldrich, Mark. “The Perils of Mining Anthracite: Regulation, Technology and Safety, 18701945.” Pennsylvania History 64, no. 3 (1997): 361-383.
7
Anthracite Bureau of Information, Philadelphia. The Anthracite Strike of 1922: A Chronological
Statement of the Communications and Negotiations between the Hard Coal Operators and the
United Mine Workers of America. Philadelphia: Anthracite Bureau of Information, [1922].
“The Anthracite Coal Production Control Plan.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 102, no.
3 (January 1954): 368-394.
Arnold, Andy. Fueling the Gilded Age: Railroads, Miners, and Disorder in Pennsylvania Coal
Country. New York: New York University Press, 2014.
Aurand, Harold W. “The Anthracite Miner: An Occupational Analysis.” The Pennsylvania
Magazine of History and Biography 104, no. 4 (1990): 462-473.
—. “The Anthracite Strike of 1887-1888.” Pennsylvania History 35, no. 2 (1968): 169-185.
—. Coal Cracker Culture: Work and Values in Pennsylvania Anthracite, 1835-1935.
Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press, 2003.
—. “Diversifying the Economy of the Anthracite Regions, 1880-1900. The Pennsylvania
Magazine of History and Biography 94, no. 1 (1970): 54-61.
–—. “Early Mine Workers' Organizations in the Anthracite Region.” Pennsylvania History 58,
no. 4 (1991): 298-310.
—. “Mine Safety and Social Control in the Anthracite Industry.” Pennsylvania History 52, no. 4
(1985): 227-241.
Bartoletti, Susan C. Growing Up in Coal Country. Boston: HMH Books for Young Readers,
1999.
Beik, Mildred. The Miners of Windber: The Struggles of New Immigrants for Unionization,
1890s-1930s. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2006.
—. "The Significance of the Lattimer Massacre: Who Owns Its History?" Pennsylvania History
69, no. 1 (Winter 2002): 58-70.
Bertheaud, Michael A., and Howard M. Pollman. “Exploring the Pennsylvania Energy Trail of
History.” Pennsylvania Heritage 35, no. 3 (2009): 22-33.
Berthoff, Rowland. “The Social Order of the Anthracite Region, 1825-1902.” The Pennsylvania
Magazine of History and Biography 89, no. 3 (1965): 261-291.
Billinger, Robert D. Pennsylvania's Coal Industry. Gettysburg: The Pennsylvania Historical
Association, 1954.
Bimba, Anthony. The Molly Maguires. New York: International Publishers, 1932.
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Black, Brian, and Marcy Ladson. “The Legacy of Extraction: Reading Patterns and Ethics in
Pennsylvania's Landscape of Energy.” Pennsylvania History 79, no. 4 (2012): 377-394.
Blankenhorn, Heber. The Strike for Union. New York: Arno, 1969.
Blatz, Perry K. “The All-Too-Youthful Proletarians.” Pennsylvania Heritage, 7, no. 1 (March
1981): 13-16.
—. Democratic Miners: Work and Labor Relations in the Anthracite Coal Industry, 1875-1925.
Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994.
—. Ever Shifting Ground: Work and Labor Relations in the Anthracite Coal Industry, 18681903. Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Press, 1987.
—. “Local Leadership and Local Militancy: The Nanticoke Strike of 1899 and the Roots of
Unionization in the Northern Anthracite Field.” Pennsylvania History 58, no. 4 (1991): 278-297.
Bodnar, John. Anthracite People: Families, Unions and Work, 1900–1940. Harrisburg:
Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1983.
Brisbin, Richard A., Jr. A Strike Like No Other Strike: Law and Resistance during the Pittston
Coal Strike of 1989-1990. Morgantown: University of West Virginia Press, 2010.
Broehl, Wayne G., Jr. The Molly Maguires. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964.
Coleman, John F. “Cambria County: Coming Full Circle.” Pennsylvania Heritage 12, no. 1
(1986): 12-17.
Cooper, Eileen M. “That Magnificent Fight for Unionism: The Somerset County Strike of 1922.”
Pennsylvania Heritage 17, no. 4 (1991): 12-17.
Cornell, Robert J. The Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of
America Press, 1957.
Currá, Thomas M., and Greg Matkosky. Stories from the Mines. Scranton: University of
Scranton Press, 2007.
Davies, Edward J. “Elite Migration and Urban Growth: The Rise of Wilkes-Barre in the
Northern Anthracite Region, 1820-1880.” Pennsylvania History 45, no. 4 (1978): 291-314.
Davies, John. “Authority, Community, and Conflict: Rioting and Aftermath in a Late-Nineteenth
Century Pennsylvania Coal Town.” Pennsylvania History 66, no. 3 (1999): 339-363.
Davis, James F. “Dauphin County: Chocolates, Coal, and a Capital.” Pennsylvania Heritage 11,
no. 4 (1985): 16-25.
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Dewees, F. P. The Molly Maguires: The Origin, Growth, and Character of the Organization.
New York: Burt Franklin, 1877.
DiCiccio, Carmen. Coal and Coke in Pennsylvania. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and
Museum Commission, 1996.
Dublin, Thomas. “Life after the Mines Closed.” Pennsylvania Heritage 25, no. 2 (1999): 6-15.
—. When the Mines Closed: Stories of Struggles in Hard Times. Ithaca: Cornell University Press,
1998.
Dubofsky, Melvyn, and Melvin Dubofsky. "The Lattimer Massacre and the Meaning of
Citizenship." Pennsylvania History 69, no. 1 (Winter 2002): 52-57.
Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. Department of Research and Education.
The Coal Strike in Western Pennsylvania. New York: The Council, 1928.
Filippelli, Ronald L. “Diary of a Strike: George Medrick and the Coal Strike of 1927 in Western
Pennsylvania.” Pennsylvania History 43, no. 3 (July 1976): 252-266.
A Full Account: The Lives and Crimes of the “Molly Maguires.” Philadelphia: [n.p.], 1877.
Gilfillan, Harriet Woodridge. I Went to Pit College. New York: Viking Press, 1934.
Ginger, Ray. “Company-Sponsored Welfare Plans in the Anthracite Industry before 1900.”
Bulletin of the Business Historical Society 27, no. 2 (June 1953): 112-120.
Goin, Peter, and Elizabeth Raymond. "Living in Anthracite: Mining Landscape and Sense of
Place in Wyoming Valley, Pennsylvania." The Public Historian 23, no. 2 (Spring 2001): 29-45.
Gowaskie, Joseph M. Folklorist of the Coal Fields: George Korson's Life and Work. University
Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1980.
Grant, Philip A., Jr. “The Pennsylvania Congressional Delegation and the Bituminous Coal Acts
of 1935 and 1937.” Pennsylvania History 49, no. 2 (1982): 121-131.
Greed, Hardy. The Company Town: The Industrial Edens and Satanic Mills that Shaped the
American Economy. New York: Basic Books, 2010.
Greene, Victor R. “A Study in Slavs, Strikes, and Unions: The Anthracite Strike of 1897.”
Pennsylvania History 31, no. 2 (1964): 199-215.
—. The Slavic Community on Strike: Immigrant Labor in Pennsylvania Anthracite. Notre Dame:
University of Notre Dame Press, 1968.
10
Grinde, Donald A., Jr. “The Powder Trust and the Pennsylvania Anthracite Region.”
Pennsylvania History 42, no. 3 (1975): 206-219.
Grob, Gerald N. “The Molly Maguires,” The Business History Review 39, no. 1 (1965): 134-135.
Gutman, Herbert G. “Two Lockouts in Pennsylvania, 1873-1874.” Pennsylvania Magazine of
History and Biography 83, no. 3 (July 1959): 307-326.
Hanney, Joseph M. “Schuylkill County: Built on Coal.” Pennsylvania Heritage 11, no. 1 (1985):
10-17.
Harris, Howard, and Perry K. Blatz. Keystone of Democracy: A History of Pennsylvania
Workers. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1999.
Healey, Richard G. The Pennsylvania Anthracite Coal Industry, 1860-1902: Economic Cycles,
Business Decision Making, and Regional Dynamics. Scranton: University of Scranton Press,
2008.
Hoffman, John N. “Pennsylvania’s Bituminous Coal Industry: And Industry Review.”
Pennsylvania History 45, no. 4 (1978): 351-363.
Howard, Walter T. “The National Miners Union: Communists and Miners in the Pennsylvania
Anthracite, 1928-1931.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 125, no. 1/2
(2001): 91-124.
Marcus, Irwin, et. al. “The Coal Strike of 1919 in Indiana County.” Pennsylvania History 56, no.
3 (1989): 177-195.
—. “Confrontation at Rossiter: The Coal Strike of 1927-1928 and Its Aftermath.” Pennsylvania
History 59, no. 4 (1992): 310-326.
—. “The Coral Episode of the Coal Strike of 1919.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and
Biography 114, no. 4 (1990): 543-561.
Itter, William A. “Early Labor Troubles in the Schuylkill Anthracite District.” Pennsylvania
History 1, no. 1 (1934): 28-37.
Janosov, Robert A. “Concrete City: Garden Village of the Anthracite Region.” Pennsylvania
Heritage 23, no. 3 (1997): 32-39.
Johnson, James P. “Drafting the NRA Code of Fair Competition for the Bituminous Coal
Industry.” Journal of American History, 53, no. 3 (December 1966): 521-541.
—. “Reorganizing the United Mine Workers of America in Pennsylvania during the New Deal.”
Pennsylvania History 37, no. 2 (1970): 117-132.
11
Kanarek, Harold K. “The Pennsylvania Anthracite Strike of 1922.” The Pennsylvania Magazine
of History and Biography 99, no. 2 (1975): 207-225.
Keil, Thomas J., and Wayne M. Usui. “The Family Wage System in Pennsylvania’s Anthracite
Region: 1850-1900.” Social Forces, 67, no. 1 (September 1988): 185-207.
Kenny, Kevin. Making Sense of the Molly Maguires. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Knies, Michael J. “Carbon County: Stone Coal in the Switzerland of America.” Pennsylvania
Heritage 15, no. 1 (1989): 10-17.
Korson, George. Minstrels of the Mine Patch: Songs and Stories of the Anthracite Industry.
Hatboro: Folklore Associates, 1964.
Kuritz, Hyman. “The Labor Injunction in Pennsylvania, 1891-1931.” Pennsylvania History 29,
no. 3 (1962): 306-321.
Leslie, Naton. “The Scars of the Molly Maguires.” The North American Review 286, no. 5
(2001): 38-44.
Lewis, W. David. “The Early History of the Lackawanna Iron and Coal Company: A Study in
Technological Adaptation.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 96, no. 4
(1972): 424-468.
MacGaffey, Janet. Coal Dust on Your Feet: The Rise, Decline, and Restoration of an Anthracite
Mining Town. Lewistown: Bucknell University Press/Rowman and Littlefield, 1913.
McDonough, Judith. “Worker Solidarity, Judicial Oppression, and Police Repression in the
Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania Coal Miner's Strike, 1910-11.” Pennsylvania History 64,
no. 3 (1997): 384-406.
Merrick, Sister Mary A. A Case in Practical Democracy: Settlement of the Anthracite Coal
Strike of 1902. South Bend: University of Notre Dame Library, 1942.
Metheny, Karen B. From the Miners' Doublehouse: Archaeology and Landscape in a
Pennsylvania Coal Company Town. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2007.
Meyerhuber, Carl I. “The Alle-Kiski Coal Wars, 1913-1919.” The Western Pennsylvania
Historical Magazine 63, no. 3 (1980): 197-214.
Miller, Donald L., and Richard E. Sharpless. The Kingdom of Coal: Work, Enterprise, and
Ethnic Communities in the Mine Fields. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985.
Montrie, Chad. To Save the Land and People: A History of Opposition to Surface Coal Mining in
Appalachia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
12
Musmanno, Michael Angelo. Black Fury. New York: Curtis Books, 1966.
Nash, Michael. Conflict and Accommodation: Coal Miners, Steel Workers, and Socialism, 1890–
1920. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1982.
O'Malley, Michael J. III. “Jefferson County: Of Wilderness Tamed.” Pennsylvania Heritage 16,
no. 1 (1990): 32-37.
Orvell, Miles. “Documenting Everyday Life in Pennsylvania during the Great Depression and
World War II.” Pennsylvania Heritage 29, no. 4 (2003): 30-37.
Palladino, Grace. Another Civil War: Labor, Capital, and the State in the Anthracite Regions of
Pennsylvania, 1840-1868. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1990.
Parucha, Leonard F. “Bitumen: All Gone with the Wind.” Pennsylvania Heritage 12, no. 4
(1986): 4-9.
Percival, Gwendoline E., and Chester J. Kulesa. Illustrating an Anthracite Era: The
Photographic Legacy of John Horgan, Jr. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum
Commission, 1995.
Phelan, Craig. “The Making of a Labor Leader: John Mitchell and the Anthracite Strike of
1900.” Pennsylvania History 63, no. 1 (1996): 53-77.
Pinkerton, Allan. The Molly Maguires and the Detectives. New York: G.W. Carleton, 1878.
Pinkowski, Edward. John Siney, the Miners' Martyr. Philadelphia: Sunshine Press, 1963.
—. “Joseph Battin: Father of the Coal Breaker.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and
Biography 73, no. 3 (1949): 337-348.
—. The Lattimer Massacre. Philadelphia: Sunshine Press, 1967.
Powell, H. Benjamin. “Coal and Pennsylvania’s Transportation Policy, 1825-1828.”
Pennsylvania History 38, no. 2 (1971): 134-151.
—. “Establishing the Anthracite Boomtown of Mauch Chunk, 1814-1825: Selected Documents.”
Pennsylvania History 41, no. 3 (1974): 248-262.
—. “The Pennsylvania Anthracite Industry, 1769-1976.” Pennsylvania History 47, no. 1 (1980):
3-28.
—. Philadelphia's First Fuel Crisis: Jacob Cist and the Developing Market for Pennsylvania
Anthracite. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Pressiser, Catherine E. “Pittsburgh’s
Commercial and Industrial Development during the Opening Years of the 19th Century.”
Pennsylvania History 18, no. 1 (1951): 46-55.
13
Rhodes, James Ford. “The Molly Maguires in the Anthracite Region of Pennsylvania.” American
Historical Review 15 (April 1910): 547-561.
Ricketts, Elizabeth. “The Struggle for Civil Liberties and Unionization in the Coal Fields: The
Free Speech Case of Vintondale, Pennsylvania, 1922.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History
and Biography 122, no. 4 (1998): 319-352.
Roberts, Peter. The Anthracite Coal Communities: A Study of the Demography, the Social,
Educational, and Moral Life of the Anthracite Regions. New York: Macmillan, 1904.
—. The Anthracite Coal Industry: A Study of the Economic Conditions and Relations of the Cooperative Forces in the Development of the Anthracite Coal Industry of Pennsylvania. New
York: Macmillan, 1901.
Salay, David., ed. Hard Coal-Hard Times: Ethnicity and Labor in the Anthracite Region.
Scranton: Anthracite Museum Press, 1984.
Schlegel, Marvin W. “The Workingmen’s Benevolent Association: First Union of Anthracite
Miners.” Pennsylvania History 10, no. 4 (1943): 243-267.
Shackel, Paul, and Michael Roller, "The Gilded Age Wasn’t So Gilded in the Anthracite Region
of Pennsylvania," International Journal of Historical Archaeology 16 (December 2012): 761775.
Sheppard, Muriel E. Cloud by Day: The Story of Coal and Coke and People. Pittsburgh:
University of Pittsburgh Press, 1991.
Slavishak, Edward. Bodies of Work: Civic Display and Labor in Industrial Pittsburgh (Body,
Commodity, Text). Durham: Duke University Press, 2008.
Sperry, J. R. “Rebellion within the Ranks: Pennsylvania Anthracite, John L. Lewis, and the Coal
Strikes of 1943.” Pennsylvania History 40, no. 3 (1973): 292-312.
Stolarik, Mark. "A Slovak Perspective on the Lattimer Massacre.” Pennsylvania History 69, no.
1 (Winter 2002): 31-41.
Storey, Walter J., Jr. “Fayette at the Crossroads.” Pennsylvania Heritage 9, no. 4 (1983): 2-8.
Sukle, R. S. Bucket of Blood: The Ragman's War. New York: IUniverse, 2004.
Tarr, Joel A. Devastation and Renewal: An Environmental History of Pittsburgh and Its Region.
Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2003.
Turner, George. "The Lattimer Massacre: A Perspective from the Ethnic Community."
Pennsylvania History 69, no. 1 (Winter 2002): 11-30.
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Valleta, Clement. “‘To Battle for Our Ideas’: Community Ethic and Anthracite Labor, 19201940.” Pennsylvania History 58, no. 4 (1991): 311-329.
Wallace, Anthony F. C. St. Clair: A Nineteenth-Century Coal Town's Experience with a
Disaster-Prone Industry. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1987.
Warne, Frank. The Slav Invasion and the Mine Workers: A Study in Immigration. Philadelphia: J.
B. Lippincott Company, 1904.
Warren, Kenneth. Triumphant Capitalism: Henry Clay Frick and the Industrial Transformation
of America. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1996.
—. Wealth, Waste, and Alienation: Growth and Decline in the Connellsville Coke Industry.
Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2001.
Watkinson, James D. “An Exercise in Futility: The Guffey Coal Act of 1935.” Pennsylvania
History 54, no. 2 (1987): 103-114.
Wesolowsky, Tony. “A Jewel in the Crown of Old King Coal.” Pennsylvania Heritage 22, no. 1
(1996), 30-37.
Wolensky, Kenneth. C. “Freedom to Assemble and the Lattimer Massacre.” Legacies. 8, no. 1
(2008): 24-31.
Wolensky, Robert P., and Joseph M. Keating. Tragedy at Avondale: The Causes, Consequences,
and Legacy of the Pennsylvania Anthracite Coal Industry's Most Deadly Mining Disaster,
September 6, 1869. Easton: Canal History and Technology Press, 2008.
Wolensky, Robert P., and Kenneth C. Wolensky. “Disaster—or Murder?—in the Mines.”
Pennsylvania Heritage 24, no. 2 (1998): 4-11.
Wolensky, Robert P., Kenneth C. Wolensky, and Nicole H. Wolensky. The Knox Mine Disaster:
The Final Years of the Northern Anthracite Industry and the Effort to Rebuild a Regional
Economy. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1999.
—. Voices of the Knox Mine Disaster: Stories, Remembrances, and Reflections on the Anthracite
Coal Industry's Last Major Catastrophe, January 22, 1959. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical
and Museum Commission, 2005.
Wolensky, Robert P., and William A. Hastie, Sr. Anthracite Labor Wars: Tenancy, Italians, and
Organized Crime in the Northern Coalfield of Northeastern Pennsylvania, 1897–1959. Easton:
Canal History and Technology Press, 2013.
Zehl, Valerie A. “Who Are These Anthracite People?” Pennsylvania Heritage 23, no. 1 (1997):
14-21.
15
Zieger, Robert H. “Pennsylvania Coal and Politics: The Anthracite Strike of 1925-1926.” The
Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 93, no. 2 (1969): 244-262.
Deindustrialization
Brew, Wayne. "Manayunk; A Place of Waterpower, Textile Industry, Gentrification, and
"Hollywood." Pioneer America Society Transactions 34 (October 2011): 1-17.
Clark, Paul, et. al. “Deindustrialization: A Panel Discussion [with Comments].” Pennsylvania
History 58, no. 3 (1991): 181-211.
Dublin, Thomas. “Life After the Mines Closed.” Pennsylvania Heritage 25, no. 2 (1999): 6-15.
—. When the Mines Closed: Stories of Struggles in Hard Times. Ithaca: Cornell University Post,
1998.
Dublin, Thomas, and Walter Licht. The Face of Decline: The Pennsylvania Anthracite Region in
the Twentieth Century. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005.
Eggert, Gerald G. Steelmasters and Labor Reform, 1886–1923. Pittsburgh: University of
Pittsburgh Press, 1981.
Gittell, Ross. "The Role of Community Organization in Economic Development: Lessons from
the Monongahela Valley." National Civic Review 78, no. 3 (September 1989): 187-196.
Harris, Howard, and Perry K. Blatz. Keystone of Democracy: A History of Pennsylvania
Workers. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1999.
Hathaway, Dale A. Can Workers Have a Voice? The Politics of Deindustrialization in
Pittsburgh. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1993.
Hinshaw, John. Steel and Steelworkers. Albany: State University of New York Press. 2002.
Hinshaw, John, and Judith Modell. Perceiving Racism: Homestead from Depression to
Deindustrialization.” Pennsylvania History 63, no. 1 (1996): 17-52.
Howell, Mark D. “A Rural Craftsman in Present-Day Pennsylvania.” Pennsylvania Folklife, 40,
no. 2 (1990): 86-94.
Jacobson, Louis. "Labor Mobility and Structural Change in Pittsburgh." Journal of the American
Planning Association 53, no. 4 (April 1987): 438.
Kitch, Carolyn L. Pennsylvania in Public Memory: Reclaiming the Industrial Past. University
Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2012.
16
Marcus, Irwin W. “The Deindustrialization of America: Homestead, a Case Study, 1959-1984.”
Pennsylvania History 52, no. 3 (1985): 192-182.
McKee, Guian. The Problem of Jobs: Liberalism, Race, and Deindustrialization in Philadelphia.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.
Mellon, Steve. After the Smoke Clears: Struggling to Get By in Rustbelt America. Pittsburgh:
University of Pittsburgh Press, 2002.
Modell, Judith. A Town without Steel: Envisioning Homestead. Pittsburgh: University of
Pittsburgh Press, 1998.
Mohl, Raymond A. “Roy Lubove and American Urban History: A Review Essay on Pittsburgh’s
Post-Steel Era.” Pennsylvania History 68, no. 3 (2001): 354-362.
Rosenberg, David L. “Pittsburgh in Revolt: Sources and Artifacts of the Struggle against
Deindustrialization from the UE/Labor Archives at the University of Pittsburgh.” Pennsylvania
History 68, no. 3 (2001): 367-382.
Environment
Magoc, Chris J. "Reflections on the Public Interpretation of Regional Environmental History in
Western Pennsylvania." Public Historian 36, no. 3 (2014): 50-69.
Sepesy, Christopher. "The Lion in June: The Titusville Flood of 1892." Western Pennsylvania
Historical Magazine 71, no. 2 (1988): 185-188.
Stroud, Ellen. “Dirt in the City: Urban Environmental History in the Mid-Atlantic.”
Pennsylvania History 79, no. 4 (2012): 428-439.
Editor’s Note: A comprehensive bibliography on environmental and conservation history in
available on the website of the Pennsylvania Parks and Forests Foundation at www.ppff.org.
Several of these bibliographic entries indirectly deal with labor history. Thus, they are not listed
here but the reader is referred to the PPFF website.
Farming and Agricultural Labor
Bloom, John. “'The Farmers Didn't Particularly Care for Us': Oral Narrative and the Grass Roots
Recovery of African American Migrant Farm Labor History in Central Pennsylvania.”
Pennsylvania History 78, no. 4 (2011): 323-354.
Bressler, Leo A. “Agriculture among the Germans in Pennsylvania during the Eighteenth
Century.” Pennsylvania History 22, no. 2 (1955): 103-133.
17
Fletcher, Stevenson W. “The Expansion of the Agricultural Frontier.” Pennsylvania History 18,
no. 2 (1951): 119-129.
—. “The Subsistence Farming Period in Pennsylvania Agriculture, 1640-1840.”Pennsylvania
History 14, no. 3 (1947): 185-195.
Gapp, F. W., and Hugh W. Alger. “Crops and Chores: Pennsylvania Farm Life in the 1890's.”
The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 85, no. 4 (1961): 367-410.
Garcia, Matt. The Triumph and Tragedy of Cesar Chavez and the Farm Worker Movement.
Berkeley: University of California Press, 2014.
Innes, Stephen. Work and Labor in Early America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina
Press, 1988.
Jensen, Joan M. “Butter Making and Economic Development in Mid-Atlantic America from
1750 to 1850.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society, 13, no. 4 (Summer 1988): 813829.
Krulikowski, Anne E. “’Farms Don’t Pay’: The Transformation of the Philadelphia Metropolitan
Landscape, 1880-1930. Pennsylvania History 72, no. 2 (2005): 193-227.
Miller, E. Willard, ed. A Geography of Pennsylvania. University Park: Pennsylvania State
University Press, 1995.
Miller, Frederic K. “The Farmer at Work in Colonial Pennsylvania.” Pennsylvania History 3, no.
2 (1936): 115-123.
Murphy, Raymond E., and Marion F. Murphy. Pennsylvania Landscapes. 3rd rev. ed. State
College: Penns Valley Publishers, 1974.
Needles, Samuel H. and Sibilla Masters. “The Governor's Mill, and the Globe Mills,
Philadelphia.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 8, no. 3 (1884): 279-299.
Thayer, Theodore. “An Eighteenth-Century Farmer and Pioneer: Sylvanus Seely's Early Life in
Pennsylvania.” Pennsylvania History 35, no. 1 (1968): 45-63.
Treese, Lorett. “The Moon Men of Agriculture.” Pennsylvania Heritage 26, no. 2 (2000): 7-13.
Weeks, Jim. “A New Race of Farmers: The Labor Rule, the Farmers' High School, and the
Origins of The Pennsylvania State University.” Pennsylvania History 62, no. 1 (1995): 5-30.
Wittlinger, Carlton O. “Industry Comes to the Frontier.” Pennsylvania History 21, no. 2 (1954):
153-161.
18
Glass Industry
Flannery, James L.: The Glass House Boys of Pittsburgh: Law, Technology and Child Labor.
Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2009.
Gillingham, Harrold E. “Pottery, China, and Glass Making in Philadelphia.” The Pennsylvania
Magazine of History and Biography 54, no. 2 (1930): 97-129.
Larner, John William. “The Glass House Boys: Child Labor Conditions in Pittsburgh’s Glass
Factories, 1890-1917.” Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine, 48, no. 4 (January 1965):
355-364.
Healthcare and Hospitals
Derickson, Alan. Black Lung: Anatomy of a Public Health Disaster. Ithaca: Cornell University
Press, 1998.
Clark, Paul F., and Darlene A. Clark. "Union Strategies for Improving Patient Care: The Key to
Nurse Unionism." Labor Studies Journal 31, no. 1 (2006): 51-70.
Immigrant Labor
Ashton, Dianne. Jewish Life in Pennsylvania. University Park: The Pennsylvania Historical
Association, 1998.
Andrews, Theodore. The Polish National Catholic Church. London: SPCK Publishers, 1953.
Bell, Thomas. Out of This Furnace: A Novel of Immigrant Labor in America. Boston: Little,
Brown, 1941; Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1991.
Bern, Sister M. Accursia. “Poles in Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, 1862-1948.” Polish American
Studies. VI (1949): 9-13.
Biagi, Ernest. The Italians of Philadelphia. New York: Carleton Press, 1967.
Bodnar, John E. The Ethnic Experience in Pennsylvania. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press,
1973.
—. An Ethnic Profile of Pennsylvania’s Population. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and
Museum Commission, 1973.
—. Immigration and Industrialization: Ethnicity in an American Mill Town, 1870-1940.
Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977.
19
—. Steelton: Immigration and Industrialization, 1870-1940. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh
Press, 1990.
Bodnar, John E. Simon Roder and Michael Weber. Lives of Their Own. Blacks, Italians, and
Poles in Pittsburgh, 1920-1960. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1982.
Borkowski, Joseph. Early Polish Pioneers in the City of Pittsburgh and Allegheny County.
Pittsburgh: Pittsburghers Polish Daily Publishing Co., 1948.
—. The Role of Pittsburgh’s Polish Falcons in the Organization of the Polish Army in France.
Pittsburgh: Polish Falcons of America, 1972.
Broehl, Wayne. The Mollie Maguires. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964.
Burstin, Barbara. After the Holocaust: Immigration of Polish Jews and Christians to Pittsburgh.
Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1989.
Campbell, John. History of the Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick and the Hibernian Society for the
Relief of Emigrants from Ireland. Philadelphia: The Hibernian Society, 1892.
Clark, Dennis. The Heart’s Own People: A History of the Donegal Association of Philadelphia.
Philadelphia: The Donegal Association of Philadelphia, 1988.
Clark, Dennis. The Irish in Philadelphia. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1973.
Daniels, Roger. "Immigration in the Gilded Age: Change or Continuity?" Magazine of History
vol. 13, no. 4 (1999): 21-25.
Diner, Hasia R. Roads Taken: The Great Jewish Migration to the New World and the Peddlers
Who Forged the Way. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014.
Dunaway, Wayland. The Scotch-Irish in Colonial Pennsylvania. Chapel Hill: University of
North Carolina Press, 1944.
Feldberg, Michael. The Philadelphia Riots of 1844: A Study in Ethnic Conflict. Westport:
Greenwood Press, 1975.
Feldman, Jacob. The Jewish Experience in Western Pennsylvania: A History, 1755-1945.
Lancaster: The Historical Society of Lancaster, 1986.
Friedman, Murray, ed. Jewish Life in Philadelphia: 1830-1940. Philadelphia: ISHI Press, 1983.
—. Philadelphia Jewish Life: 1940-1985. Ardmore: Seth Press, 1986.
—. When Philadelphia was the Capital of Jewish America. Cranberry: Associated University
Press, 1993.
20
Golab, Caroline. “The Polish Experience in Philadelphia,” in John E. Bodnar, ed. The Ethnic
Experience in Pennsylvania. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 1973. 39-73.
Green, Victor. The Slavic Community on Strike: Immigrant Labor in Pennsylvania Anthracite.
Notre Dame, IN.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1968.
—. "A Study in Slavs, Strikes, and Unions: The Anthracite Strike of 1897." Pennsylvania
History 31, no. 2 (1964): 199-215.
Grifo, Richard and Anthony Noto. Italian Presence in Pennsylvania. University Park: The
Pennsylvania Historical Association.
Magda, Matthew. The Poles in Pennsylvania: The Peoples of Pennsylvania. Harrisburg:
Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1986.
—. Polish Presence in Pennsylvania. University Park: Pennsylvania Historical Association,
1992.
Marcus, Jacob. Early American Jewry. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1951.
Miller, Heannette. Voices of Hazleton: A Century of Jewish Life. Hazleton: International Printing
Co., 1993.
Morias, Henry. The Jews of Philadelphia. Philadelphia: Levytype Press, 1894.
Morwaska, Ewa. For Bread with Butter: Life-Worlds of East-Central Europeans in Johnstown,
Pennsylvania, 1890-1940. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
Stolarik, Mark. "A Slovak Perspective on the Lattimer Massacre.” Pennsylvania History 69, no.
1 (Winter 2002): 31-41.
Turner, George. "The Lattimer Massacre: A Perspective from the Ethnic Community."
Pennsylvania History 69, no. 1 (Winter 2002): 11-30.
Weber, Michael. “East Europeans in Steel Towns: A Comparative Analysis.” Journal of Urban
History, 11 (May, 1985), 280-313.
Warne, Frank. The Slav Invasion and the Mine Workers: A Study in Immigration. Philadelphia: J.
B. Lippincott Company, 1904.
Washburn, David, ed. The Peoples of Pennsylvania: An Annotated Bibliography of Resource
Materials. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1981.
Wlodarski, Stephen. The Origin and Growth of the Polish National Catholic Church. Scranton:
Polish National Catholic Church, 1974.
21
Wolf, Edwin and Maxwell Whiteman. The History of the Jews of Philadelphia from Colonial
Times to the Age of Jackson. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1957.
Industrialization
Bernstein, Leonard. “The Working People of Philadelphia from Colonial Times to the General
Strike of 1835.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 74 (July 1950): 322-339.
Black, Brian. Petrolia: The Landscape of Pennsylvania’s First Oil Boom. Baltimore: Johns
Hopkins University Press, 2003.
—. "Oil Creek as Industrial Apparatus: Re-creating the Industrial Process through the Landscape
of Pennsylvania's Oil Boom." Environmental History 3, no. 2 (1998): 210.
—. "Petrolia: A Sacrificial Landscape of American Industrialization." Landscape: A Magazine of
Human Geography 32, no. 2 (1994): 42- .
Bodnar, John E. Immigration and Industrialization: Ethnicity in an American Mill Town, 18701940. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977.
—. Steelton: Immigration and Industrialization, 1870-1940. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh
Press, 1990.
Castel, Albert. "The Rise and Fall of Pithole." American History Illustrated 16, no. 10 (1982):
12- .
Cochran, Thomas C. “Philadelphia: The American Industrial Center, 1750-1850.” The
Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 106, no. 3 (1982): 323-340.
Eggert, Gerald. Harrisburg Industrializes: The Coming of Factories to an American Community.
University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1993.
Folsom, Burton W. "A Regional Analysis of Urban History: City-Building in the Lackawanna
Valley during Early Industrialization." Working Papers from the Regional Economic History
Research Center 2, no. 4 (March 1979): 71-100.
Gittell, Ross. "The Role of Community Organization in Economic Development: Lessons from
the Monongahela Valley." National Civic Review 78, no. 3 (September 1989): 187-196.
Glen, Robert. "Industrial Wayfarers: Benjamin Franklin and a Case of Machine Smuggling in the
1780s." Business History 23, no. 3 (1981): 309.
Jackson, Sidney L. “Labor, Education, and Politics in the 1830's.” The Pennsylvania Magazine
of History and Biography 66, no. 3 (1942): 279-293.
22
Jacobson, Louis. "Labor Mobility and Structural Change in Pittsburgh." Journal of the American
Planning Association 53, no. 4 (April 1987): 438.
Kitch, Carolyn L. Pennsylvania in Public Memory: Reclaiming the Industrial Past. University
Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2012.
McCollester, Charles. The Point of Pittsburgh: Production and Struggle at the Forks of the Ohio.
People’s Pittsburgh 250 ed. Pittsburgh: Battle of Homestead Foundation, 2008.
Muller, Edward K. "Industrial Suburbs and the Growth of Metropolitan Pittsburgh, 1870-1920.”
Journal of Historical Geography 27, no. 1 (January 2001): 58.
Patton, Spiro G. “Comparative Advantage and Urban Industrialization: Reading, Allentown and
Lancaster in the 19th Century.” Pennsylvania History 50, no. 2 (1983): 148-169.
Peskin, Lawrence A. Manufacturing Revolution: The Intellectual Origins of Early American
Industry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 2003.
Petshek, Kirk R. "Can Industrial Development Be Systematically Approached?" Land
Economics 44, no. 2 (1968): 255.
Poole, H. Herbert, Jr., and Robert E. Marion. Jr. "The Lancaster Comb Factory 1824-1906."
Journal of the Lancaster County Historical Society 114, no. 1/2 (2012): 4-23.
Reiser, Catherine E. “Pittsburgh’s Commercial and Industrial Development during the Opening
Years of the 19th Century.” Pennsylvania History 18, no. 1 (1951): 46-55.
Scranton, Philip. “Conceptualizing Pennsylvania’s Industrializations, 1850-1950.” Pennsylvania
History 61, no. 1 (1994): 6-17.
—. Endless Novelty: Specialty Production and American Industrialization. 1865-1925.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997.
Shelton, Cynthia. “Labor and Capital in the Early Period of Manufacturing: The Failure of John
Nicholson's Manufacturing Complex, 1793-1797.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and
Biography 106, no. 3 (1992): 341-364.
Stephen P. Rice. Minding the Machine: Languages of Class in Early Industrial America.
Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.
Sullivan, William A. “The Industrial Revolution and the Factory Operative in Pennsylvania.”
The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 78, no. 4 (1954): 476-494.
23
United States Commission on Industrial Relations (1912). Final Report and Testimony, Vol. III,
“General Industrial Relations and Conditions in Philadelphia,” 2647-2730. Washington, D.C.:
G.P.O., 1916.
Winpenny, Thomas R. Industrial Progress and Human Welfare: The Rise of the Factory System
in 19th Century Lancaster. Washington D.C.: University Press of America, 1982.
Wittlinger, Carlton O. “Industry Comes to the Frontier.” Pennsylvania History 21, no. 2 (1954):
153-161.
Iron
Bezís-Selfa, John. “Slavery and the Disciplining of Free Labor in the Colonial Mid-Atlantic Iron
Industry.” Pennsylvania History 64 (1997): 270-286.
Bezís-Selfa, John. Forging America: Ironworkers, Adventurers, and the Industrious Revolution.
Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004.
Bining, Arthur C. “Early Ironmasters of Pennsylvania.” Pennsylvania History 18, no. 2 (1951):
93-103.
—. Pennsylvania Iron Manufacture in the Eighteenth Century. Harrisburg: Publications of the
Pennsylvania Historical Commission, Volume IV, 1938.
—. Pennsylvania's Iron and Steel Industry. Gettysburg: The Pennsylvania Historical
Association, 1954.
Cremers, Estelle. Reading Furnace, 1736. Reading: Reading Furnace Press, 1986.
Davis, James C. “Growing Up in an Iron Town at the Turn of the Century: A Memoir by John
Griffen Pennypacker.” Pennsylvania History 44, no. 3 (1977): 233-248.
Ducoff-Barone, Deborah. “Marketing and Manufacturing: A Study of Domestic Cast Iron
Articles Produced at Colebrookdale Furnace, Berks County, Pennsylvania, 1735-1751.”
Pennsylvania History 50, no. 1 (1983): 20-37.
Eggert, Gerald G. Making Iron on the Bald Eagle: Roland Curtin's Iron Works and Workers'
Community. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999.
Gilbert, Daniel R. “Northampton County: From Frontier Farms to Urban Industries – and
Beyond. Pennsylvania Heritage 13, no. 2 (1987): 26-31.
Glasgow, Jon. “Innovation of the Frontier of the American Manufacturing Belt.” Pennsylvania
History 52, no. 1 (1985): 1-21.
24
Harman, J. Paul. “Stone-Stack Smelting Furnaces in Westmoreland County.” Pennsylvania
History 19, no. 2 (1952): 185-193.
Hinkel, Ethel V. “Montour County: The Little County That Preserved.” Pennsylvania Heritage
12, no. 4 (1986): 32-37.
Kennedy, Michael V. “Working Agreements: The Use of Subcontracting in the Pennsylvania
Iron Industry 1725-1789.” Pennsylvania History 65, no. 4 (1998): 492-508.
Leighow, John C., Jr. “To Forge History for the Future.” Pennsylvania Heritage 29, no. 1
(2003): 30-37.
Lewis, W. David. “The Early History of the Lackawanna Iron and Coal Company: A Study in
Technological Adaptation.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 96, no. 4
(1972): 424-468.
Montgomery, Morton L. “Early Furnaces and Forges of Berks County, Pennsylvania.” The
Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 8, no. 1 (1884): 56-81.
Nash, Julia. “‘Lacy Iron': Nineteenth-Century American Ornamental Castings and Robert Wood
of Philadelphia.” Pennsylvania History 34, no. 3 (1967): 229-239.
Paskoff, Paul F. Industrial Evolution: Organization, Structure, and Growth of the Pennsylvania
Iron Industry, 1750–1860. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983.
Pilling, Ron. “Samuel Yellin: With a Hammer for a Pencil.” Pennsylvania Heritage 13, no. 1
(1987): 4-9.
Rees, Jonathan. “Homestead in Context: Andrew Carnegie and the Decline of the Amalgamated
Association of Iron and Steel Workers.” Pennsylvania History 64, no. 4 (1997): 509-533.
Reiser, Catherine E. “Pittsburgh’s Commercial and Industrial Development during the Opening
Years of the 19th Century.” Pennsylvania History 18, no. 1 (1951): 46-55.
Santos, Michael. “Between Hegemony and Autonomy: The Skilled Iron Workers’ Search for
Identity, 1900-1930.” Labor History 35, no. 3 (Summer 1994): 399-423.
Silverman, Sharon H. “A Blast from the Past: Cornwall Iron Furnace.” Pennsylvania Heritage
24, no. 2 (1998): 20-31.
Stapleton, Darwin H. “The Diffusion of Anthracite Iron Technology: The Case of Lancaster
County.” Pennsylvania History 45, no. 2 (1978): 147-157.
Stevens, Sylvester K. “A Century of Industry in Pennsylvania.” Pennsylvania History 22, no. 1
(1955): 49-68.
25
Trusilo, Sharon. “The Ironworkers' Case for Amalgamation, 1867-1876.” The Western
Pennsylvania Historical Magazine 71, no. 1 (1988): 47-68.
Walker, Joseph E. “Negro Labor in the Charcoal Iron Industry of Southeastern Pennsylvania.”
The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 93, no. 4 (1969): 466-486.
—. “The End of Colonialism in the Middle Atlantic Iron Industry.” Pennsylvania History 41, no.
1 (1974): 3-26.
Weber, Michael P. “Residential and Occupational Patterns of Ethnic Minorities in Nineteenth
Century Pittsburgh.” Pennsylvania History 44, no. 4 (1977): 316-334.
Yates, W. Ross. “Discovery of the Process for Making Anthracite Iron.” The Pennsylvania
Magazine of History and Biography 98, no. 2 (1974): 206-223.
Law and Politics
Arnold, Andrew B. “Between the Laws: Informal Definitions of Job and Property Rights in
Central Pennsylvania, 1870-1884.” Pennsylvania History 70, no. 1 (2003): 28-54.
Belten, Neil. “Charles Owen Rice: Pittsburgh Labor Priest, 1936-1940.” The Pennsylvania
Magazine of History and Biography 94, no. 4 (1970): 518-532.
Blatz, Perry K. “Industrial Citizenship and Industrial Unionism in Pennsylvania Steel, 1910-42.”
Legacies 14, no. 1 (Spring 2014): 12-19.
Cleland, Hugh G. “The Effects of Radical Groups on the Labor Movement.” Pennsylvania
History 26, no. 2 (1959): 119-132.
Cupper, Dan. Working in Pennsylvania: A History of the Department of Labor and Industry.
Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 2000.
Davies, Edward J. "State Economic Policy and the Region in Pennsylvania, 1853-1895."
Business & Economic History 21 (1992): 280-289.
Davin, Eric Leif. “Blue Collar Democracy: Class War and Political Revolution in Western
Pennsylvania, 1932-1937. Pennsylvania History 67, no. 2 (2000): 240-297.
Dubofsky, Melvyn, and Melvin Dubofsky. "The Lattimer Massacre and the Meaning of
Citizenship." Pennsylvania History 69, no. 1 (Winter 2002): 52-57.
Fenton, Edwin. “Italians in the Labor Movement.” Pennsylvania History 26, no. 2 (1959): 133148.
26
Flannery, James L.: The Glass House Boys of Pittsburgh: Law, Technology and Child Labor.
Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2009.
Gengarelly, W. Anthony. “Secretary of Labor William B. Wilson and the Red Scare, 19191920.” Pennsylvania History 47, no. 4 (1980): 310-330.
Harris, Howell J. Bloodless Victories: The Rise and Fall of the Open Shop in Philadelphia Metal
Trades, 1890-1940. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 2001.
Hogg, J. Bernard. “Public Reaction to Pinkertonism and the Labor Question.” Pennsylvania
History 11, no. 3 (1944): 171-199.
Jackson, Sidney L. “Labor, Education, and Politics in the 1830's.” The Pennsylvania Magazine
of History and Biography 66, no. 3 (1942): 279-293.
Johnson, James P. “Drafting the NRA Code of Fair Competition for the Bituminous Coal
Industry.” Journal of American History 53, no. 3 (December 1966): 521-541.
Loewenberg, J. Joseph. “Compulsory Arbitration for Police and Fire Fighters in Pennsylvania.”
Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 23, no. 3 (April 1970): 367-39.
Marcus, Irwin M., et al. “Judge Jonathan Langham and the Use of the Labor Injunction in
Indiana County, 1919-1931.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 118, no. 1/2
(1994): 63-85.
Mason, Bernard. “Alexander Hamilton and the Report on Manufactures: A Suggestion.”
Pennsylvania History 32, no. 3 (1965): 288-294.
McKee, Guian. The Problem of Jobs: Liberalism, Race, and Deindustrialization in Philadelphia.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.
Miller, Nancy R. “Cornelia Bryce Pinchot and the Struggle for Protective Labor Legislation in
Pennsylvania.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 132, no. 1 (2008): 33-64.
Powell, H. Benjamin. “Coal and Pennsylvania’s Transportation Policy, 1825-1828.”
Pennsylvania History 38, no. 2 (1971): 134-151.
Pritchard, Paul W. “William B. Wilson, Master Workman.” Pennsylvania History 12, no. 2
(1945): 81-108.
Rice, Charles Owen. Fighter with a Heart: Writings of Charles Owen Rice, Pittsburgh Labor
Priest. Edited by Charles J. McCollester. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1996.
Smith, Eric Ledell, and Kenneth C. Wolensky. “A Novel Public Policy: Pennsylvania’s Fair
Employment Practices Act of 1955.” Pennsylvania History 69, no. 4 (2002): 489-523.
27
Spencer, Thomas T. “‘Labor Is With Roosevelt’: The Pennsylvania Labor Non-Partisan League
and the Election of 1936.” Pennsylvania History 46, no. 1 (1979): 3-16.
Sullivan, William A. “A Decade of Labor Strife.” Pennsylvania History 17, no. 1 (1950): 23-38.
—. “The Pittsburgh Working Men’s Party.” Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine 34
(September 1951): 151-161.
Thomas, William M., and R. A. West, Report of the Case of the Commonwealth vs. John Kehoe
et al., Members of the Ancient Order. Pottsville, PA: [n.p.], 1876.
Wolensky, Kenneth C. “An Activist Government in Harrisburg.” Pennsylvania Heritage, 34, no.
2 (Spring 2008): 14-24.
Wolfinger, James. Philadelphia Divided: Race and Politics in the City of Brotherly Love. Chapel
Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011.
Young, James A. “The Cold War Comes to Erie: Repression and Resistance.” In Fear Itself:
Enemies Real and Imagined in American Society, edited by Nancy Lusignan Schultz. West
Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 1999, 33- .
—. “The Persecution of Radical UE Leaders at Erie’s GE Plant, 1946-1950,” Journal of Erie
Studies 16 (1980).
Life
Anderson, David M. "Levittown Is Burning! The 1979 Levittown, Pennsylvania, Gas Line Riot
and the Decline of the Blue-Collar American Dream." Labor: Studies In Working Class History
of the Americas 2, no. 3 (Fall 2005): 47-65.
Aurand, Harold. Coal Cracker Culture: Work and Values in Pennsylvania Anthracite, 18351935. Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press, 2003.
Bernstein, Leonard. “The Working People of Philadelphia from Colonial Times to the General
Strike of 1835.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 74 (July 1950): 322-339.
Bodnar, John E. Immigration and Industrialization: Ethnicity in an American Mill Town, 18701940. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977.
—. Steelton: Immigration and Industrialization, 1870-1940. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh
Press, 1990.
—. Workers' World: Kinship, Community, and Protest in an Industrial Society, 1900–1940.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.
28
Bodnar, John E., et. al. Lives of Their Own: Blacks, Italians, and Poles in Pittsburgh, 1900-1960.
Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983.
Bonosky, Phillip. Burning Valley. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, c1953.
Brew, Wayne. "Manayunk; A Place of Waterpower, Textile Industry, Gentrification, and
"Hollywood." Pioneer America Society Transactions 34 (October 2011): 1-17.
Brody, David. “The Social Documentary as History.” Labor History 24, no. 3 (Summer 1983):
394-397. A review of Willard Van Dyke's motion picture Valley Town, a social documentary
about the impact of the Great Depression on the Pennsylvania steel town of New Castle.
Brunot, William K. "The Building of the Lewis and Clark Boat in Pittsburgh." Western
Pennsylvania History 92, no. 4 (2009): 22-37.
English, Eileen Aiken. "The Life and Legacy of Count Leon: The Man Who Cleft the
Harmonie." Communal Societies 33, no. 1 (April 2013): 45-82.
Glassberg, Eudice. “Work, Wages, and the Cost of Living, Ethnic Differences and the Poverty
Line, Philadelphia, 1880.” Pennsylvania History 46, no. 1 (1979): 17-58.
Goldin, Claudia. “Household and Market Production of Families in a Late Nineteenth Century
American City.” Explorations in Economic History 16, no. 2 (April 1979): 111-131.
Greenberg, Brian. “Class Conflict and the Demise of the Artisan Order: The Cordwainers’ 1805
Strike and 1806 Conspiracy Trial.” Legacies 14, no. 1 (Spring 2014): 6-11.
Hoffman, Alice M., Tom Juravich, Franklin W. Russell. Sing a Song of Unsung Heroes and
Heroines: Stories and Songs of Pennsylvania Labor Pioneers. [University Park]: Department of
Labor Studies, Pennsylvania State University, 1986.
Keil, Thomas J., and Wayne M. Usui. “The Family Wage System in Pennsylvania’s Anthracite
Region: 1850-1900.” Social Forces 67, no. 1 (September 1988): 185-207.
Kitch, Carolyn L. Pennsylvania in Public Memory: Reclaiming the Industrial Past. University
Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2012.
Koss, Adele Mildred. “Programming at Burroughs and Philco in the 1950s.” IEEE Annals of the
History of Computing 25, no. 4 (October-December 2003): 40-50.
Laurie, Bruce. Working People of Philadelphia. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1983.
Licht, Walter. Getting Work: Philadelphia, 1840-1950. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania
Press, 2000.
Jason, Sonya. Icon of Spring. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1993.
29
McClymer, John F. “The Pittsburgh Survey, 1907-1914: Forging an Ideology in the Steel
District.” Pennsylvania History 41, no. 2 (1974): 168-186.
McCollester, Charles. The Point of Pittsburgh: Production and Struggle at the Forks of the Ohio.
People’s Pittsburgh 250 ed. Pittsburgh: Battle of Homestead Foundation, 2008.
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Websites
Pennsylvania Historical Association www.pha.org
Pennsylvania Labor History Society www.palaborhistory.org
Pittsburgh & Western Pennsylvania Labor Legacy www.library.pitt.edu/labor_legacy/index.html
Stories from PA History: Labor’s Struggle to Organize
www.explorepahistory.com/story.php?storyld=1-9-22
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