1. business and industrial

The United Republic Of Tanzania
Ministry Of Water
NATIONAL RURAL WATER
SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGY
(NRWSS)
JULY
JUNE 2020
2015 -
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Coverage of Water Points in Tanzania
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
iii
LIST OF BOXES
v
ABREVIATION AND ACRONYMS
v
MESSAGE FROM THE HON. MINISTER
viii
PREFACE BY PERMANENT SECRETARY
x
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
xi
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
xii
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1
1.1 Background Information
1
1.2 Concept of sustainability
3
1.3 Main objectives of the National Rural Water Sustainability strategy
4
1.4 Role of sustainability strategy
5
1.5 Principles that guide the strategy
5
1.6 Rationale of National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy
6
1.7 Layout of the Strategy
7
2.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
9
3.0 SITUATION ANALYSIS
12
3.1 Background Information
12
3.2 Available opportunities for change
12
3.3 Roles and responsibility of agencies involved in sustaining rural water supply services
14
3.4 Sustainability aspects showing major significant issues
20
4.0 SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGIES
24
4.1 Sustainability Strategies Implementation Terms
26
4.2 Thematic Sustainability Strategies
29
5.0 LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
43
6 DISSEMINATION, IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUTION PLAN
46
6.1 Dissemination Plan
46
6.2 Implementation Plan
46
6.3 Reporting Procedures
50
6.4 Monitoring and evaluation plan
51
7.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
52
7.1 Concluding Remarks
52
7.2 Guidance points
53
6.1 Dissemination plan
62
6.2 Implementation Plan
62
6.3 Reporting Procedures
67
6.4 Monitoring and evaluation plan
69
7.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
70
7.1 Concluding Remarks
70
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
7.2 Guidance points
71
ANNEX A: DEFINITION OF TERMS
72
ANNEX B: CURRENT STATUS ANALYSIS
75
ANNEX C: PROPOSED REGISTRATION PROCESS
80
ANNEX D: STAFF REQUIREMENT AND AVAILABLE WATER SECTOR STAFF
81
ANNEX E: WATER POINT FUNCTIONALITY STATUS
82
ANNEX E: COVERAGE TREND BY YEAR FROM 2005 to 2011
85
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
LIST OF BOXES
Box ES 1 Current status focus areas
xii
Box ES 2 Action orientated themes
xiii
Box 1.1 International goals and challenges
1
Box 1.2 Methodologies used to prepare the strategy.
2
Box 1.3 Definitions of sustainability
3
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Result of Water Point Mapping Study on sustainability according to water source
2
Figure 3.1 Service provision functions of COWSOs
15
Figure 3.2 Organization Structure of Rural Water Supply Department
18
Figure 3. 3 Zonal teams
19
Figure 3.4 Management tasks
22
LIST OF TABLES
1.1 Table 5.1 Logical Framework
43
Table: 6.4 Comprehensive medium term strategies – implementation plan:
49
Table 6.2 KPIs for the immediate quick win strategy
63
Table 6.3 Immediate quick win actions
64
6.3 Reporting Procedures
67
Table 6.5 Medium term strategies – implementation plan
68
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
ABREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
AGM
BRN
BWO
CBOs
CD Plans
CDO
CoE
COM
COWSOs
CWST
DPs
DRWS
DWE
EWURA
FMP
FSP
HESAWA
HIV/AIDS
IRC
JAST
JICA
JWSR
KPI
LGA
M&E
MDGs
MIS
MKUKUTA
MoE&VT
MoF
MOHSW
MoU
MoW
MPs
MTEF
NAWAPO
NBS
NGOs
NPD
NRWSSP
NSGRP
NWSDS
O&M
Annual General Meeting
Big Result Now
Basin Water Office
Community Based Organisation
Capacity Development Plans
Community Development Officers
Centres of Excellence
Community Ownership and Management
Community Owned Water Supply Organizations
Community Water and Sanitation Teams
Development Partners
Department of Rural Water Supply
District Water Engineer
Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority
Facility Management Plan
Facilitation Service Provider
Health, Sanitation and Water Supply
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome
International Centre for Water and Sanitation
Joint Assistance Strategy
Japanese International Cooperation Agency
Joint Water Sector Review
Key Performance Indictor
Local Government Authority
Monitoring and evaluation
Millennium Development Goals
Management Information System
Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kuondoa UmaskiniTanzania
Ministry of Education and Vocational Training
Ministry of Finance,
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
Memorandum of Understanding
Ministry of Water
Member of Parliament
Medium Term Expenditure Framework
National Water Policy
National Bureau of Statistics
Non-Governmental Organisation
National Project Document
National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project
National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty
National Water Sector Development Strategy
Operation and Maintenance
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
PAF
BWO
PIM
PMO-RALG
PPP
PRS
PS
RSs
RWSSP
SNV
TASAF
TOR
TSP
TWGs
Tshs
TWGs
UNICEF
URT
UWSAs
WASH
WB
WHO
WRM
WSDP
WSSAs
WPM
WSWG
WUA
Performance Assessment Framework
Basin Water Office
Programme Implementation Manual
Prime Minister’s Office – Regional Administration and Local
Public Private Partnership
Poverty Reduction Strategy
Permanent Secretary
Regional Secretariats
Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Netherland Development Organization
Tanzania Social Action Fund
Terms of Reference
Technical Service Provider
Working Groups
Tanzanian Shillings
Working Groups
United Nations Children’s Fund
United Republic of Tanzania
Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Authorities
Water Sanitation and Hygiene
World Bank
World Health Organization
Water Resources Management
Water Sector Development Programme
Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities
Water Point Mapping
Water Sector Working Group
Water User Association
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
MESSAGE FROM THE HON. MINISTER
Water is the most vital national strategic asset.
Recognising the sector’s importance in socioeconomic and political development, the
government prepared the National Water
Policy (2002), the National Water Sector
Development Strategy (2006), the Water
Supply and Sanitation Act (2009) and the
Water Resources Management Act (2009). These policies, strategies and acts provide
a progressive institutional and legal framework for the development of the water
sector.
However, despite all the above initiatives, there is still an enormous gap between the
targets and the actual level of water supply services, especially in rural areas where
national coverage is 51% against the target of 71%. There are many inter-related
challenges facing the achievement of desired service level and overall sustainability of
rural water supply services. A key one is inadequate attention to operation and
maintenance right from the planning and design stages through to operation of
projects. The second is inadequate community participation in project implementation,
which leads to a low sense of ownership of the projects. Other challenges include: the
limited capacity of the communities to operate and maintain the water supply systems;
inadequate resource mobilization and capacity building of COWSO leaders, poor
revenue collection and tariff setting mechanisms, poor supply chain for operational and
maintenance spare parts at the community level and deterioration of the quantity and
quality of water resources due to inadequate facilitation in water sources protection
and conservation which is required for behaviour change. All these challenges have
considerably affected the level of service provided by the rural water supply projects.
This reality is depicted by the high number of non-functional Water Points in rural
water supply projects. As at the end of September, 2014 out of 74,000 water points
28,000 were non-functional.
This Sustainability Strategy addresses the operation and maintenance challenges of the
sector in a single, overall framework supported by a series of action plans. The
strategy defines how, through effective operation and maintenance, the water sector
will achieve its objectives aiming at ensuring sustainable water resources and services.
A 2 year immediate quick win strategy focusing on the BRN and a comprehensive 5
year medium term strategy are presented.
The rationale of this sustainability strategy is to involve multiple stakeholders,
particularly those at district and community level in formulating and implementing
strategies that will contribute towards effective, efficient and equitable rural water
supply services. The Strategy enables policy coordination, implementation and
performance monitoring among different sector players.
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The sector is strengthening its performance monitoring in order to guide investment
planning and ensure sustainable functionality of existing assets to enable the
Government to meet its commitments vis-à-vis MKUKUTA II, the MDGs and Vision
2025. There is a clear need to innovate if these ambitious development goals are to be
achieved in practice. This is the challenge before the water sector and a new round of
ideas is needed. More of the same way of doing things will simply not be enough.
One of the most important innovations is the Big Results Now initiative. The Big Results
Now initiative provides the framework for action where operation and maintenance
issues will focus four key areas: financial sustainability through effective tariff
collection; establishment of Community Owned Water Supply Organisations (COWSOs);
technical, financial and managerial capacity building and; improving the spare part
supply chain. It is also important to improve and market Boko Central store to
stakeholders so that such important models can be adopted in other zones to assist on
modalities to secure genuine and standard equipments and spare parts for water
facilities.
The Ministry, through the Big Results Now initiative and the recently launched
Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building Component of WSDP (phase II), will
continue to use the financial resources available to empower Implementing agencies at
all levels to meet its commitments for sustainable service delivery.
We must look into our own internal strength to find the means to finance the sectorial
investments that are needed to achieve the Vision 2025 aspirations.
Prof Jumanne Maghembe
MINISTER FOR WATER
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
PREFACE BY PERMANENT SECRETARY
The National Rural Water Supply Sustainability Strategy is a framework tool for five
years from Jan 2015-Jan 2020. The framework is an outcome of Joint Water Sector
Review Agreed Action and is intended to guide the sector towards fulfilment of various
National goals, e.g. the Vision 2025, National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of
Poverty (NSGRP), Five Year Development Plan, Tanzania Long Term Perspective Plan –
TLTPP, (2011/12-2025/26) and Water Sector Development Program Phase I and II
(2006-2025), through sustainable rural water supply services.
Enabling factors for sustainable rural water supply services include Technical Support
Services, COWSO Formation and Registration, Popularization of Policies and
Regulations for Sustainable service delivery, Sustainable O&M Financing, Appropriate
Governance and Management, Institutional Leadership and Human Resource Capacity
Development, Stakeholders Cooperation and Networking, Mainstreaming of
Crosscutting issues, Efficient Data Management, Water Resources Protection and
Implementation of Water Safety Plans. A situation analysis on the level of rural water
supply service shows that these factors are not adequately put into action and
consequently sustainability of most Rural Water Supply Projects is at stake.
The application of this strategy is a collaborative effort that will stimulate dialogue and
solution building among a range of sector stakeholders and external partners, and
enable sustainable rural water supply services.
Eng. Mbogo Futakamba
PERMANENT SECRETARY
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This strategy was informed by a detailed analysis of literature, reports and research
and has integrated lessons learnt from the first phase of the Water Sector
Development Program (2006–2014).
We would like to express our most sincere gratitude to the Ministry of Water leadership
for their guidance and support which has contributed in completing this work. We
would like to extend our appreciation to the Ministry management Team for their
collaboration and support. Special thanks should go to all the staff from Community
Water Supply Division and staff from the Ministry of Water for their comments during
the preparation of this strategy.
More importantly, we are most grateful to all Development partners, International,
Regional and Local NGOs, Representatives from COWSOs, Regional Secretariats, LGAs
which have contributed concepts and ideas to strategies which will increase water
supply sustainability.
This support has inspired the design and implementation of practical training courses
which will be used for applying acquired knowledge and skills with keen interest,
enthusiasm, and commitment. These skills will be used by Community Water and
Sanitation Teams, extension workers and communities.
Eng. F.C. Rweyemamu
DIRECTOR RURAL WATER SUPPLY
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The sustainability of Rural Water Supply services is still a major challenge in
many countries including Tanzania. The service standards, level, reliability and
effectiveness of public water supply services in rural areas in Tanzania has not
improved and in some cases has declined.
To address the challenges the Ministry has decided to prepare a
Sustainability Strategy that identifies and responds to the factors that affect
sustainability of rural water supply challenges in Tanzania. The main objective of this
strategy is to have sustainable water supply systems and services by ensuring that all
constructed and rehabilitated systems, facilities and water points are providing services
effectively and efficiently in a sustainable way leading to an increase in the number of
people with access to safe, clean water and sanitation.
This strategy aims to provide an overall framework for ensuring
sustainability of the rural sector in Tanzania. The strategy analyses the current
situation, identifying the causes and challenges affecting sustainability of rural water
supply services and outlining programmes and strategic interventions to address
sustainability blockages. The strategy examines a range of issues related to policy,
strategies, guidelines and the legal framework in relation to sustainability of rural water
supply. The strategy guides all stakeholders in the sector on operation and
maintenance programmes and aligns to Big Result Now Programme, NAWAPO 2002
and other policies, Acts, legislations, strategies, guidelines and manuals.
The strategy benefitted from the participation and experience of a wide
range of stakeholders including:
COWSOs leaders, civil society, local and
international NGOs, Line Ministries, Local Box ES 1 Current status focus areas
government Authorities, Regions, PMORALG, development partners and others. 1. Policy, coordination and harmonization;
Stakeholders’ forums on sustainability 2. Technical support services;
issues were held in Dodoma, Morogoro 3. Financial status of rural water supplies;
and Dar es Salaam. The strategy was 4. Management aspect;
informed by the findings of field trips, 5. Sector and project level governance;
case studies, research reports, the annual 6. Environmental aspects;
Water Sector Status Reports, Strategies, 7. Social and gender mainstreaming
and a variety of other documents
including policies studies and operational manuals related to water sector.
An analysis of the current status has deepened the understanding of the
underlying challenges.
The current status examined a number of focus areas (see Box ES 1). In each of these
areas the national targets are compared to actual achievement and the gaps analysed.
Reflecting on the outcome of the status analysis and informed by the findings of the
BRN analysis, four key and immediate challenges were isolated: 1) financial
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sustainability and inadequate tariff collection; 2) low community capacity for
cooperation and maintenance; 3) inadequate technical and support capacity at district
level; 4) constraints in the supply chain for spare parts.
Box ES 2 Action orientated themes
An immediate quick win strategy
focuses on 4 main strategies.
Strategies represent the core BRN actions:
• Enforce tariffs and revenue collection
• Establish and train COWSOs to ensure
sustainability at all projects
• Recruit technicians at local government
/Regional and Ministry level
• Improve spare parts availability through
setting up centres of excellence
A comprehensive medium term
implementation plan focuses on
action orientated themes
(Box ES 2)
1. Technical Support Services
2. COWSO Formation and Registration
3. Popularization of Policies and
Regulations for Sustainable service
delivery
4. Sustainable O&M Financing
5. Institutional Capacity Development
6. Human
Resource
Capacity
Development
7. Stakeholders
Cooperation
and
Networking
8. Mainstreaming
of
Crosscutting
issues
9. Data Management
10. Water Resources protection
11. Water safety plans
12. Governance and management
Each of these action orientated themes
addresses key challenges and presents
strategies and action plans to overcome the challenges as well as defining the
responsible organisation. This national implementation plan will guide the sustainability
planning process at district and regional level where the LGAs will prepare more
detailed plans tailored to the districts and with information on budget and time scale.
The main sustainability actions will be undertaken at
COWSO, district and regional levels with the national level providing strategic guidance
and overall support. A logical framework is developed and shown below. Each actor has
an important role to play in ensuring sustainability.
Outputs
COWSOs functioning
Objective
Sustainable rural water
supply projects
Outcome
90% water points
functioning
Technical support
services available
Spare parts available
O&M costs covered
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COWSOs will be formed to effectively manage community water supply services and
ensure financial sustainability through tariff collection. LGAs will provide technical
support to the COWSOs and ensure that the spare parts supply chain functions well.
Each LGA will have performance indicators for accelerating the formation and
registration of COWSOs. The regions will support the LGAs and assist in monitoring.
The Ministry of Water and its partners such as PMO-RALG provide strategic support
including the developing and guiding the use of tools such as the water point mapping
which will help in monitoring, report generation and ensuring accountability for
reaching targets.
In order to move forward, collective responsibility can be achieved if every stakeholder
will play a role for sustainable rural water services.
It can be done - play your role.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background Information
Government of Tanzania, through the Ministry of Water is implementing Water
Sector Development Programme (WSDP) for the period 2006-2025. A number of
efforts have been undertaken to establish rural water supply systems in Tanzania.
From 2006 -2012, the Water Sector Development Programme implemented a
construction of the “10 village” projects – which mostly have been constructed and
few are on construction. The results of WSDP phase I as of December 2013 shows
that by June 2014, the programme managed to achieve 32,846 water points,
benefiting 8,211,500 people. The BRN Initiative managed to install 16,764 water
points in a span of only one year of June 2013. The total commutation achievement
by June 30 2014 was 77,584 water points, serving 19,396 people in rural areas,
about 51% of rural population. However, the rate of increase is unsatisfactory due
to the increase of non functionality of water points. See annex E. Findings on the
sustainability of different technologies are shown in figure 1.1 below. These findings
confirm that a core reason for the low rate of coverage increase, despite
investment, is the growing number of non-functional water points. Tanzania is not
alone in facing these challenges (see Box 1.1) (add dams, ‘quick wins,’ earmarked
projects).
Box 1.1 International goals and challenges
One of the United Nation’s 2015 Millennium Goals (MDG’s) is
to halve by 2015 the proportion of people that do not have
access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation (United
Nations, 2010) compared to the level in 1990. Worldwide,
80 percent of the people who have limited access to
drinking water supplies live in rural areas (United Nations,
2010). Even where rural supply systems are developed,
many are in disrepair or not functioning properly (Brikke and
Bredero, 2003; Moe and Rheingans, 2006; RWSN, 2012).
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Figure 1.1 Result of Water Point Mapping Study on sustainability according to
water source
Various factors contribute to the difficulty in developing sustainable rural water
supply systems. For instance, rural communities are less capable of achieving
economies of scale in water supply and treatment. They also have more limited
capacity to raise income needed for operation and maintenance and lack of
technical
expertise
needed to operate and
Box 1.2 Methodologies used to prepare the
maintain water systems.
strategy.
In
rural
arid
areas
communities suffer on • Review of documents: Annual Water and monitoring
Reports, strategies, policies, manuals.
hydrological
variability,
• Case studies: 1) Kiliwater Company illustrating the
which can add to the
lessons behind successful and non-successful water
financial and technical
entities; 2) Kongwa Water company illustrating the
difficulties facing these
importance of community involvement.
•
•
•
Field visits: during the Registrars training nationally
added constructive inputs in the strategy.
Specific studies: The BRN water lab report specifically the
Operation and Maintenance work stream. Findings from
consultancy services and research work on supply chains.
Stakeholder forums: in Kibaha, Morogoro, Dodoma
and Dar es Salaam. Stakeholders involved include Line
Ministries, Non-Governmental Organizations, COWSOs,
Civil Societies Political Leaders Religious institutions and
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
communities. Inadequate policy harmonization and coordination mechanisms have
hindered community contribution and responsibilities in operation and maintenance
of water facilities. In the past, policy guidelines have not attracted private sector
involvement in investing in water sector for the spare parts supply chain. Issues of
environmental protection and conservation awareness campaigns have been limited.
light of these challenges, the ministry has prepared the sustainability strategy with
the primary goal to offer a framework for sustainable rural water supply
development. The major purpose is to provide a single source, overall framework
for the water and sanitation sub-sector in Tanzania that will guide the
implementation of the Sustainability Programmes in Rural Water Supply Services for
over the next 10 years. The framework provides a set of tools that can support
water supply sustainability mechanisms across technical, financial, governance,
management, social, environment processes. The lessons from non performing
water companies from Morogoro were also part of Case studies which have provided
inputs to the capacity building of COWSO leaders nationally. The methodologies
used to prepare the strategy are summarised in box 1.2.
The core message is that: sustainability
challenges can be overcome if all
stakeholders collaborate, network and
harmonize their actions.
Box 1.3 Definitions of sustainability
Continuous service approach - Sustainability
can be defined as whether or not WASH
services and good hygiene practices continue
to work and deliver benefit over time (Water
Aid, 2011). No time limit is set on those
continued services behaviour changes and
outcomes. In other words, sustainability is
about permanent beneficial change in WASH
services and hygiene practices.
1.2 Concept of sustainability
Sustainability is a process involving
many interrelated aspects including
financing,
policy,
governance,
management and technical issues. Box
1.3 provides two common definitions.
Life cycle approach - A service is sustainable
when it: functions properly and is used;
functions over a prolonged period of time,
according to the designed life-cycle of the
equipment, provides the services for which it
was planned, including delivering the required
quantity and quality of water; easy access to
the service; continuity and reliability; providing
health and economic benefits. (IRC & WHO,
2000)
From a governance perspective,
sustainability demands that users of
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the service are, as a minimum, represented in the governance of the service - in
some cases they may have a direct management and operational role. The
management of the service needs to be sensitive to gender issues in order to reach
out to all users. From an institutional perspective, sustainability should establish and
build on partnerships with local authorities and involve the private sector when
advantageous. From a financial perspective, operation, maintenance, rehabilitation,
replacement and administrative costs should be covered at the local level through
user fees, or through alternative sustainable financial mechanisms. From an
environmental perspective, there should be no harmful effects on the environment.
1.3 Main objectives of the National Rural Water Sustainability strategy
The overall objective of this national rural water supply strategy is that “rural water
supply projects continue to provide effective water services”. An outcome is that
“over 90% of rural water points are functioning at any given time”.
This objective and outcome implies that all constructed, rehabilitated rural water
supply facilities are providing services continuously. To achieve this, capacity
development and support initiatives will be needed to improve financial,
institutional, social, gender, governance and management performance in order to
ensure equity, affordability, efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability of water and
sanitation facilities provided. Opportunities should be sought to maximize health
benefits by integrating water, sanitation and hygiene promotion and addressing HIV
AIDS.
The strategy guides all stakeholders in the sub-sector on operation and
maintenance by identifying and analysing the current situation, causes and
challenges affecting sustainability of Rural Water Supply Services with proposed
programmes and strategic interventions to address sustainability blockages. It
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
clarifies a range of policy issues, technical, financial, governance and management,
capabilities, processes, cooperation and networking in relation to sustainability of
rural water supply services as well as providing the direction for future
implementation strategies by aligning to the NAWAPO and other policies, acts
legislations, strategies, guidelines and manuals.
1.4 Role of sustainability strategy
The sustainability strategy:
i. Provides direction for service provision functions aimed at improving
operation and maintenance by identifying the challenges/issues behind
the low rural coverage and high levels non-functionality and analysing
underlying causes of poor performance.
ii. Recommends strategies, solutions and interventions to address the
challenges on priority basis by identifying quick wins and an overall
implementation action plan.
iii. Presents a matrix for identifying key result areas, roles and
responsibilities of each actor at all levels.
iv. Outlines a template for regions and districts to identify the activities to
be carried out for each intervention and define the corresponding time
scale and budgets.
1.5
Principles that guide the strategy
i.
ii.
To focus on service delivery rather than just construction of facilities
To attain sustainable financing by ensuring effective mechanisms for
resource
mobilization for operation and maintenance To promote
participation and community management of all stakeholders and user
communities, particularly women, in sustaining service delivery.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
To facilitate collaboration and networking among stakeholders
(politicians, resource persons, civil societies, DPs and NGOs).
To provide institutional, individual and community support services at all
levels.
To promote good governance in the operation and management of
water supply services.
To enforce the implementation of environmental water source
protection and environmental conservation policies, acts, strategies,
regulations, guidelines and laws.
To mainstream the cross cutting issues of social inclusion, gender and
HIV AIDS.
To promote water as a natural, economic and social good where people
have a right to access and an obligation to pay an affordable tariff.
To improve the information environment by updating, simplifying and
disseminating policies, acts, strategies, regulations, guidelines and best
practice.
1.6 Rationale of National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy
National sustainability strategy will guide the sector in making sure that overall
and specific objective and targets of rural water supply are achieved and met.
The overall objective of the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation component is to
provide improved quality and quantity of drinking water for the rural population
sustained through improved district level capacity, effective local water user
entities, private sector participation and integration of sanitation in the design
and implementation of rural water projects.
(a) Specific objectives of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation
Water supply services in rural areas improved;
i. Rural water supply projects are cost effective and sustainable;
ii. Rural Water Supply projects are owned and managed by beneficiaries
and backstopped (technically and financially) by DWE as per BRN
initiatives for sustainable services.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
iii.
Sanitation, operation and maintenance are integrated in the design of
rural water projects
(b) Rural Water Supply Targets
Proportion of population in rural settlements provided with sustainable water supply
services increased from 49% percent in December 2013 to 80 percent by 2019 (This
means the total population covered in rural areas will increase from 17.6 million in
December 2013 to 28 million by 2019, meaning the annual increase of 2.2 million on
average.
1.7 Layout of the Strategy
i.
Chapter one contain historical background with the concept, objective,
purpose, roles, principles and methodology used to collect data for this
strategy.
ii.
Chapter two describes the legal and regulatory framework by showing the
interlink between acts, regulatory arrangement, institutional arrangement and
dialogues mechanisms.
iii.
Chapter three presents a situation analysis by defining the key issues,
comparing the targets with the achievements and identifying the gaps so that
they can be addressed through strategic action themes.
iv.
Chapter Four outlines a matrix of strategic themes with challenges,
strategies to overcome the challenges, activities to address the challenges.
v.
Chapter Five shows a logical framework is been developed to guide the
process. A time frame and budget will be developed at the district and
regional levels.
vi.
Chapter Six presents an implementation plan to ensure regular reporting
and feedback.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
vii.
Chapter Seven provides concluding remarks which indicate key issues which
may hinder implementation of the strategy and what measures if taken can
remove the bottlenecks of sustainability of rural water supply services.
The annexes provide additional supportive material.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
2.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
The National Water Policies (NAWAPO) of 1991 and 2002, emphasize the role of
various stakeholders in sustaining rural water supply delivery including the central
role of the communities who are the main beneficiaries in the process of the
planning, designing, implementing, operation and maintenance as well as revenue
collection. The private sector is also encouraged to participate in the levels of
Project Cycle. The policies recognise that the stakeholders involved in this approach
can create cohesiveness, strong team work, good relationships, communication and
accountability for sustainable water supply service delivery only if there is: strong
public sector political will, dialogue mechanisms with stakeholders, good leadership,
and well capacitated professionals staffs at local government and national levels.
The role of Central Government, through the Ministry responsible for Water, is to
co-ordinate sector progress, support capacity building, monitoring and quality
assurance, policy formulation and provision of guidelines and regulation through
various legal instruments. The institutional framework for water resources
management has been streamlined to meet the challenges of effective integrated
water resources management at basin level. The responsibilities for provision of
water supply and sanitation services have been transferred to decentralized entities.
These are commercialized WSSAs in predominantly urban areas; COWSOs in more
rural settings. In both cases, roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders have
been defined to ensure effective participation.
The overall objective of the Local Government Reform Policy (1998) is to improve
service delivery by making local authorities more democratic and autonomous within
the framework established by the central government. The policy identifies the
provision and facilitation of water services as an important responsibility of local
government. Together with the two core policy documents Vision 2025 and
MKUKUTA, the Local Government Reform Policy defines the strategic framework
against which the orientation of the Rural Water Sector Development is defined and
the priority interventions are being planned.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Major reforms in the water sector have been carried out including decentralization,
cost recovery on water supply to cover O&M and an increasing role for the private
sector. The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (MKUKUTA)
commits Tanzania to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for
access to safe water, sanitation and a sustainable environment.
The Water Supply and Sanitation Act No. 12 of 2009 clearly illustrates how COWSOs
are formed and registered and how effective communities can participate in owning,
planning, maintaining and operation of water supply projects and sanitation
facilities. The registration role has shifted from the Ministry of Water to LGA level
whereby the Council Executive Director will appoint a Registrar to register on his or
her behalf instead of The Minister responsible for Water.
The Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority (EWURA) regulates the
commercial Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities (WSSAs) while the Ministry of
Water regulates COWSOs with delegation to local authorities.
The Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoH&SW) has an overall responsibility
for protecting public health through ensuring the provision of adequate sanitation
and hygiene education by the local authorities. Promotion, planning and skills
development for sanitation and hygiene within the community fall within the
responsibility of the respective local governments, however the initiative for on-site
sanitation as well as the funding for the on-site infrastructure has to be provided by
the households themselves.
Sector Dialogue and Coordination
The structure for the water sector dialogue comprises of a Joint Water Sector
Review, the Water Sector Working Group and four Thematic Working Groups. Each
has a specific role with regard to monitoring and evaluation of water sector
development, including the water sector reform and coordinating the Water Sector
Development Programme (WSDP).The agreed principles and terms of partnership
between the Government and Development Partners is arranged through the Joint
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Assistance Strategy (JAST). The Performance Assessment Framework (PAF) is a
basis for sector coordination and dialogue.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
3.0 SITUATION ANALYSIS
3.1 Background Information
The situation analysis ensures that the strategy will address the right issues and
that responsibility is directed to the relevant partners by identifying and
understanding the legal and regulatory framework and the range stakeholders,
institutions and organizations and how they interact in the political economy. The
different interests, conflicts, synergies and capacities need to be understood so that
the strategy is implementable. The situation analysis also creates a baseline at the
beginning of the strategy implementation which can be used to monitor change.
The strategy also sets targets that will improve the accountability environment and
enable decision makers to respond more effectively to emerging issues.
Despite its importance to quality of life and development, water service provision in
rural areas in Tanzania is at Low coverage which impacts mostly on the poor. From
the 2012 population census it is estimated that 37.6 million out 45 million people
(83.5%) live in rural areas. This rural population is expected to reach 41.1 million
(growth rate 3%) by 2015. The targets defined in the National Strategy for Growth
and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) commonly known as MKUKUTA, the National
Water Policy and the National Water Sector Development Strategy call for increasing
the proportion of the rural population with access to clean and safe water from 53%
in 2003 to 65% in 2010. Yet it was estimated that by the end of June 2013 only
15.2 million people (40%-BRN report) are getting water supply services in rural
areas.
3.2 Available opportunities for change
The National Water policy 2002, the Water and Sanitation Act 2009, the supportive
Regulations and guidelines and the Water sector Development strategy 2006 -2015
all provide a supportive enabling environment for improving the sustainability of
rural water supply service provision. Major opportunities for change include:
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
•
•
•
•
Water Sector Development Programme 2007 -2025,
Big Results Now Initiative 2013/14 – 2015/16,
Water point mapping
Water stakeholder forums.
Details on the relatively new initiatives of the Big Results Now, the water point
mapping and the stakeholder forums are given below:
Big Results Now Initiative
Recognising the need for improving sector performance, the Government embarked
on an initiative of Big Results Now (BRN) aiming to increase Rural Water Supply
from the coverage of 40% by June 2013 to 74% by 2015. This entails providing
15.4 million additional people with water supply service. The objective is that 90%
of the rural population will have access to safe water according to Tanzania Vision
2025. The BRN initiative has established priorities, which when implemented, will
bring up fast results within three years. Two main streams were developed to
address rural water supply as follows: Stream 01: Addresses new projects,
rehabilitation and extensions with enablers. Stream 02: Addresses Operation and
Maintenance for sustainability of the water infrastructure in the rural community
including establishment of COWSOs and dedicated warehouses (Centre of
Excellency). About 1810 sub-projects are implemented under Big Results Now
Initiative and require a total budget of 1.45 trillion Tshs to be contributed by the
government, the Communities and Development Partners. This strategy will ensure
that rural water supply investments are going to be sustained.
Water Point mapping
The water point mapping provides for the first time clear data based on what
sources are functioning and not functioning. This allows communities and local
governments to target those systems that are failing and hold the relevant
stakeholders to account.
Stakeholders Forums
Stakeholder forums have proven useful for sharing experiences on how to
continuously improve accountability relations between the community and the LGA.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
The forums serve to reinforce the importance of local level stakeholders working
together, understanding their own and others roles and, taking responsibility for
local water supply services.
3.3 Roles and responsibility of agencies involved in sustaining rural water
supply services
The main agencies involved in sustaining rural water supply services are:
• COWSOs
• Local government Authorities(VEO,WEO&DED)
• The PMO-RALG and their Regional Secretariats
• The Ministry of Water
COWSOs
The COWSOs have the front line responsibility for sustaining rural water supply
services on behalf of their beneficiaries(community). Their roles are shown in the
figure below:
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Figure 3.1 Service provision functions of COWSOs
Local Government Authorities
The role of the LGAs is to
• Promote establishment of COWSOs;
• Provide representation on COWSO management board;
• Delegate performance monitoring and regulation of COWSOs;
• Co-ordinate COWSO budgets within Council Budgets;
• Resolve conflicts within and between communities;
• Formulate by-laws concerning water source protection, water supply and
sanitation.
• Provide technical support to COWSOs
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
•
Improve the enabling environment e.g. working with the local private sector to
improve water facilities supply chain.
PMO-RALG and the regional secretariats
The roles of the PMO-RALG are to:
• Facilitate Local Government Authorities to provide and support the sustaining of
quality services;
• Manage the critical interfaces with Ministries and Development Partners and
Local Government Authorities;
• Monitoring support provided to Local Government Authorities by Regional
Secretariats as well as regional affairs;
• Provide advice to LGAs on policies, approaches, systems and planning
methodologies;
• Capacity building;
• Provide legal support and advice to Regional Secretariats and LGAs.
The role of the RS is to:
• Facilitate Local Government Authorities to provide and support the sustaining of
quality services;
• Provide advice to LGAs on policies, approaches, systems and planning
methodologies;
• Capacity building of LGAs;
• Providing legal support and advice to LGAs.
The PMO-RALG through its department of sector coordination and the Water Sector
Working Group:
• Spearheads, facilitates and coordinates technical assistance to RSs/LGAs;
• Identifies technical gaps at LGAs /RSs so as to facilitate appropriate technical
assistance;
• Support LGAs on procurement, contract management ,financial management;
• Support RSs/LGAs on data and reporting management;
• Evaluate and grade LGA performance and compliance with MoUs and PIM
manuals;
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
•
•
•
Take follow up action on performance and compliance;
Ensure adequate flow of information between agencies;
Consolidate monitoring reports from RSs and provide to MOW/DRWS for final
consolidation.
The PMO-RALG WSWG & Ministry of Water’s Department of Rural Water Supply
have formed zonal teams that allow small teams to apply a coordinated and
dedicated focus to a few regions.
Ministry of Water and the Rural Water supply Department
The Rural Water Supply Division is headed by a Director and has three sections
namely Technical Support, Community Management Support and Operational
Planning Support. Their functions are as follows:
Functions
• To initiate on the formulation and revision of the national water policy and policy
implementation strategies, and in particular aspects of the policy and strategies
that pertain to community water supply services
• To promote the development and provision of community water supply services
in accordance with the national water policy and strategies
• To monitor the implementation and performance of community water supply
programmes
• To build capacity of Regional Secretariats and Local Government Authorities in
community water supply.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Figure 3.2 Organization Structure of Rural Water Supply Department
RURAL WATER
SUPPLY
DEPARTMENT
Technical
Support
Section
Quality
Assurance
Technical
Services
Provide technical and
financial support to water
user entities in order to
assist them in
identifying/preparing,
supervising the
construction of and
managing water supply
projects, and in building
their capacity
Community
Management
Support Section
Capacity
Building
Sanitation
Facilitate the formation of
legal water user entities to
manage water supply
schemes at local
community level
Support and facilitate the
participation of the private
sector
and
other
stakeholders
in
water
supply and sanitation.
18
Operational
Planning
Support
Section.
Operation
al
planning
Database
managem
ent
Support and monitor the
preparation of water supply
and sanitation plans and
budgets by District Councils
Provide guidelines for the
implementation of rural
water supply strategies to
Regional Secretariats,
District Councils and other
stakeholders
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Technical Support Section
The activities of the Section are:
i. Provide technical and financial support to water user entities in order to assist
them in identifying/preparing, supervising the construction of and managing
water supply projects, and in building their capacity
ii. Supervise the preparation and implementation of strategic water supply
projects undertaken directly by the Government.
Community Management Support Section
The activities of the Section are:i. Facilitate the formation of legal water user entities to manage water supply
schemes at local community level
ii. Support and facilitate the participation of the private sector and other
stakeholders in water supply and sanitation.
Operational Planning Support Section
The activities of the Section are:i. Support and monitor the preparation of water supply and sanitation plans and
budgets by District Councils.
ii. Provide guidelines for the implementation of rural water supply strategies to
Regional Secretariats, District Councils and other stakeholders.
Each member of the Department of Rural Water Supply is assigned to a zonal team,
that working with the zonal teams of the PMO-RALG WSWG, is able to provide a
dedicated and coordinated support to the regions and LGAs. The zones are
illustrated in figure 3.3.
Figure 3. 3 Zonal teams
5
2
3
4
1
1
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
3.4 Sustainability aspects showing major significant issues
Challenges affect the sustainability of rural water services across a number of
different aspects and issues:
• Policy coordination and harmonisation issues
• Technical issues
• Financial issues
• Management issues
• Governance issues
• Environmental issues
• Social and gender issues
The sustainability related challenges in each of these areas are outlined below and
further detailed in the annex in tables where the targets, achievements and gaps
are identified.
Policy coordination and harmonization
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Non Governmental Organizations- (NGOs), Development partners (DPs) and other
implementing agencies apply different policy approaches on community contribution
to construction of water projects and operation and maintenance of water services
especially in mode of contribution (in kind or in cash) and O&M responsibilities. This
causes confusion and reduces the commitment of communities to pay for operation
and maintenance if others do not. Many projects including Tanzania Social Action
Fund (TASAF), Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA),
WATER Aid,
Netherlands Development Organization (SNV),
Health, Sanitation and Water
(HESAWA) and before BRN, projects implemented under the NAWAPO 2002 insisted
on 100% community responsibility for operation and maintenance without any
subsidy from the government. Other efforts provide varying degrees of support. In
reality many LGAs stepped in and supported communities. Guidelines and policies
on the issue are not well disseminated. Tariff policies and tariff setting for rural
services was often not consistent with policies and usually did not reflect the
operation cost and maintenance costs. Policy and mechanisms to attract private
sector to invest in providing water services have not been developed and
implemented.
Technical issues
Complex systems require technical expertise and without such expertise, break
downs are frequent. Local government ability to monitor and support all community
projects is limited by their often low technical capability. Communities unfamiliar
with the water supply technologies, even when they have the funds, have waited for
over 2 years to find technical solutions. Communities do not have access to qualified
technicians or spare parts. Where high cost technologies such as diesel pumping
have been installed the costs have outrun the ability to pay. Some systems suffer
connections, by-passes and leakages. Most projects previously did not include
operation and maintenance plans at the project design.
Financing issues
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
The current policy stipulates that communities are to meet the cost for operations
and maintenances, while the government shall meet the cost of major repair and
maintenances. There are clear gaps between the policy guidelines and practice.
Where there are major repairs or replacements needed, the government through
LGA is unable to meet such obligations. Take an example of a hand pump system in
a village when it has reached its 10 year design from illegal lifetime, how will this
community buy a new pump? Tariffs are set at levels that are not sufficient for
operation and maintenance and the cost recovery rate is low with levels of nonpayment reaching up to 50%. COWSOs are not well trained or supported by the
LGAs in the cost recovery task.
Management issues
Management is a key to sustainability. There are many aspects to consider (see
figure 3.4). Community participation during project selection, design, construction,
operation and management is needed to increase the sense of ownership on the
part of the community. Communities that feel they own the water facility or project
are more likely to look after it. The majority of community owned and managed
systems are being managed unprofessionally. Actors often provide the communities
and COWSOs with one or two capacity building activities with little support
thereafter to manage a complex system they have never seen in their life. There is
no
clarity
and
separation
of
roles.
Capacities
and
skills
to
manage rural water supply projects are inadequate.
Figure 3.4 Management tasks
Governance issues
The institutional arrangements
for managing the water project
are important. If the separation
of roles and responsibilities are
clear and there are no conflicts
of interest, or overlaps, the
management entity – known as
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
the COWSO – will take its responsibility for sustainability seriously. Often COWSO
are not better than the earlier Village Water Committees as they have inherited the
same challenges of their former institution set up. Auditing of the COWSOs is not
done consistently and is not a formal requirement. Mechanisms are not in place for
ensuring transparency, integrity and accountability for income and expenditure at
community level. Capacities and skills to manage rural water supply services are still
inadequate. There are insufficient LGA personnel with support service expertise to
coordinate and supervise water activities. Monitoring plans and funds at all levels
are inadequate. There are no defined performance indicators for supporting
COWSOs
.
Environment issues
The Ministry enacted Water Act no 11 of 2009 which stipulates that water sector
implementers at all levels have the responsibility on the conservation and protection
of water sources. In addition, at LGA levels, by-laws have been formulated for the
environmental management. Environmental protection of water sources has not
been entirely effective as community sensitization has been so minimal due to
limited resources at the LGA level. Although against regulations, human activities
are still conducted in some areas within 60 meters from the water source as there is
insufficient capacity to monitor and enforce. Other challenges on water sources
protection include missing written land ownership relating to the constructed project
from the individual communities. Environmental challenges regarding water sources
protection need to be fully addressed at all levels of project implementation.
Social and gender mainstreaming issues
The degree of social cohesion, social inclusion and gender sensitivity affects the
likely performance of management and institutional arrangements. Where women or
other significant population groups are left out of decision making, the systems are
unlikely to work in the interest of all. Cost recovery will suffer as will any form of
collective action on operation and maintenance.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
4.0
SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGIES
Sustainability strategies have been developed across 12 themes as follows:
1.
Technical Support Services
2.
COWSO Formation and Registration
3.
Popularization of Policies and Regulations for Sustainable service delivery
4.
Sustainable O&M Financing
5.
Institutional Capacity Development
6.
Human Resource Capacity Development
7.
Stakeholders Cooperation and Networking
8.
Mainstreaming of Crosscutting issues
9.
Data Management
10. Water Resources protection
11. Water safety plans
12. Governance and management
At a national level, for each theme, a strategy is presented to address each of the major
challenges identified during the analysis of the current status of sustainability in the
sector. For each strategy a number of prioritized activities are developed together with the
identification of the lead responsibilities. The activity level details are presented in Annex
D.
Each LGA will be asked to reflect on the national strategies and activities across the 12
themes and to draw up a local plan for improving sustainability in their area of jurisdiction.
These plans will identify the time frame and budget allocated and when aggregated across
the regions form a bottom planning for sustainability that will allow LGAs and regions to
be held to account.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
25
4.1 Sustainability Strategies Implementation Terms
Sustainability strategies will be implemented in three phases which are immediate quick win, medium and long-term periods. In this strategy in
each theme strategies are divided into all three implementation periods. Themes have shown follows:
Themes
1. Technical Support
Services
2. COWSO Formation
and Registration
3.
4.
Popularization of
Policies
and
Regulations
for
Sustainable
service delivery
Sustainable O&M
Financing
Strategies
Develop a procurement plan and procure the minimum stock of
spare parts in each LGA
Recruit, train and deploy extension workers to support COWSOs at
ward level
Establish Centres of Excellence to support operation and
maintenance activities
Promote Public Private Partnership in water service provision
Establish a Water Facility Federation in each Region to support
COWSOs at regional level
Develop a procurement plan and procure the minimum stock of
spare parts in each LGA
Shorten the process of formation and registration of COWSOs to
42 days.
Allocate and Disburse funds for facilitating COWSO registration
Develop COWSO database
Implementation Period
Immediate
(1-2
years)
Mediu
m
(3-4)
Long
(5th year)
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
Raise public awareness of existing policies/ regulations related to
sustainable Water Services
Inform and train stakeholders on their the roles and
responsibilities
Improve the existing water services guidelines
Establish regulations and guidelines on Government support to
O&M
V
Establish Water Funds
V
Develop simple tariff setting guidelines
Improve revenue collection systems
V
V
V
V
V
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Institutional
Capacity
Development
Human Resource
Capacity
Development
Stakeholders
Cooperation and
Networking
Mainstreaming of
Crosscutting
issues
Data Management
Water Resources
Carry out sensitisation and enforcement
Strengthen COWSO financial management control
Enhance transparency
Include COWSO office in water supply project; mobilise resources
for offices for COWSOs for existing projects.
Ensure office equipment in place
V
V
V
V
V
Build capacity of councillors to effectively support COWSO
governance and sustainable service delivery
Develop capacity development guideline of COWSOs staff,
leadership, management and members
Introduce staff retention mechanism
V
Establish effective mechanisms of communication and Information
sharing among stakeholders
Develop and budget plans and calendar for COWSOs meetings
Promote mechanisms for dialogue and syndication among
International, Regional and Local NGOs, CBOs, and Service
providers at village level
V
Raise awareness of cross cutting issues through including cross
cutting topics in formal contacts with communities and through
improving enforcement and compliance.
Carry out community awareness campaigns
Mainstream gender in all phases of the project
Ensure effective community participation in all project phases
Develop a quality and user friendly data management system
Strengthen the data management centre at the Ministry of Water
Develop capacity of implementing agencies on data collection and
updating
Recruit extension workers at ward level
Sensitize stakeholders on conservation of watersheds
27
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
protection
11.
Water safety plans
12.
Governance
management
and
Provide alternative livelihoods to the community
Enforce environmental and water Resources legislations and
regulation
Sensitise political leaders and public involvement in water sources
conservation
Develop water safety plans
Develop improved COWSO management systems.
Strengthen management systems and ensure compliance to
existing laws/by-laws related to community meetings
Develop management skills(institutional and human resource)
Prepare O&M plans
Raise community awareness
Regularly audit COWSO accounts
Introduce O&M budgets for LGAs
Raise awareness of CWST members
Monitor performance indicators of COWSOs
28
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
4.2 Thematic Sustainability Strategies
Theme 1: Technical Support Services
Thematic Objective: Provision of Technical Support Services to water supply facilities
Challenges
Strategies
Activities
1
Lack of implementable
procurement plan and
stock of spare parts for
water supply services
Develop a procurement
plan and procure the
minimum stock of spare
parts in each LGA
2
Lack of qualified extension
workers for O&M activities
3
Nonexistence of
CoE/warehouse in every
district
Recruit, train and deploy
extension workers to
support COWSOs at
ward level
Establish Centres of
Excellence to support
operation and
maintenance activities
4
Nonexistence of private
operators in water supply
service delivery
5
Lack of expertise to assist
communities on O&M
Responsible
LGA
• MoW to facilitate LGAs to have stock spare parts
in place
(MOW/RS)
• LGAs to include COWSOs spare parts requirements
in their procurement plans
• RSs Follow up for quality assurance of spare parts
LGA
(PMORALF/M
• MoW and LGA to facilitate staff recruitment
OW)
Facilitate on job training staff on relevant skills
• Develop a national model and guideline on how to
establish Centre of Excellence (CoE)
• Establish actual requirement and cost of CoE
• Identify alternative funding model ( PPP)
• Establish Capacity Development Plan for CoE
Promote Public Private
• Assess the existing Board of Trustee (BoT)
Partnership in water
Federation models
service provision
• Develop guideline to pilot in each zone
• Monitor and evaluate performance
• Review and Adopt the model
Establish a Water Facility • Assess the existing PPP models
Federation in each
• Develop guideline to pilot in each zone
Region to support
• Stakeholders Awareness creation to disseminate
COWSOs at regional
the Model
level
• Review and Adopt the model
MoW/LGA
MOW/PMORALG
MOW/PMORALG
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Theme 2: COWSO Formation and Registration
Thematic Objective: Institutional strengthening of Community Owned water Supply Organizations
1
Challenges
Low pace of Formation
and Registration of
COWSOs one COWSO
takes 250
Strategies
Shorten the process of
formation and
registration of COWSOs
to 42 days.
Inadequate guidance IAS
on COWSO facilitation for
COWSO formation
registration of
3
Inadequate resources to
facilitate COWSO
registration
Develop training manual
and Training
programme for COWSO
formation and
registration to IAs.
Allocate and
Disburse funds for
COWSO registration
4
COWSO data
inconsistency
Develop COWSO
database
2
Activities
• Review Guideline for Formation and registration of
COWSOs
• Shorten or simplify the process of registration
• Revise facilitation contract TOR for facilitation
Service Provision and enforce consultant’s
commitment on facilitating the establishment of
COWSO and capacity building
• Include and ensure clear guideline on registration
of COWSO in PIM (ready march 2015)
• Develop annual plans and reporting schedules of
community meetings and management activities
• Include COWSO establishment requirement in the
rural water quarterly report template
• Develop training needs and training contents
• Develop training manual
• Share with stakeholders
• Operationalize the use of the manual
Responsible
LGA (MOW/RS)
• Prepare Circular for LGAs to set aside funds and
disabuse for facilitating formation and registration.
• MoW to top up funds for registration with
instructions
• Assess the existing data in MIS and WPM systems
• Develop guideline to pilot one zone COWSO data
• Monitor and evaluate performance
• Review and Adopt the model
MOW/PMORALG
30
MOW/PMORALG
MOW/PMORALG
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Theme 3: Popularization of Policies and Regulations for Sustainable service delivery
Thematic Objective: To build a strong Community Ownership and Management (COM)
Challenges
Strategies
Activities
1
2.
3.
4.
Governing Policies, Acts and
Regulations and their linkages
are not known to some
stakeholders
Roles and responsibilities of
different actors as stipulated
in the Act and Regulation are
not known to some of the
stakeholders
Inadequate guidance on
management of the water
services
Lack of regulations and
guidelines on the components
of O&M supported by the
Government
Raise public
• Identify areas of linkage and integrate policies
awareness of existing
and regulations with other related sectors
policies/ regulations
• Translate current documents into
related to sustainable
simplified/popular version
Water Services
• Disseminate the simplified version
• Follow up applicability and use
Responsible
MoW/PMORALG
MoW/PMORALG
Inform and train
stakeholders on their
the roles and
responsibilities
• Identify the groups for training
• Develop training programme
• Conduct training on roles and responsibilities of
different actors
Improve the existing
water services
guidelines
• Identify and evaluate gaps the existing guidelines MoW/PMORALG
• Review the deficient guidelines and disseminate
Establish regulations
and guidelines on
Government support
to O&M
• Prepare regulations and guidelines on
Government support to O&M
• Conduct stakeholders consultations meeting
• Disseminate and follow-up approved regulations
and guidelines
31
MoW/PMORALG
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Theme 4: Sustainable O&M Financing
Thematic Objective: To have 100% Expenditure for O & M from Revenue Collection
Challenges
Strategies
Activities
1. Inadequate resources
for Operation and
maintenance activities
Establish Water
Funds
•
•
•
•
2. Guidelines for
effective tariff setting
are not simplified
3. Poor revenue
collection
Develop simple tariff
setting guidelines
•
•
•
•
4. O & M fund Resource
mobilization and
support mechanisms
5. Low willingness and
ability to pay
Review existing funds models road Fund
Establish modalities of establishing water funds
Establish water Funds
Disseminate water fund Model to stakeholders
Responsible
MoW
LGAs
Review existing tariff setting mechanisms
Identify gaps and improve
Approve guideline
Improve revenue
Review existing collection modality trend, identify and
collection systems
improve gaps
• Roll out tariff setting and set revenue collection target
• Metering of all water delivering points
• Introduce specific time frame for payment
•
Classify COWSOs and • Develop criteria of classifying COWSOs performance
develop subsidy
• Develop criteria for subsidizing and supporting COWSO
provision criteria
• Share the criteria’s with stakeholders and develop
support service commitment
• Develop resource mobilization mechanisms
MOW
Carry out
sensitisation and
enforcement
MoW/PMO
• Conduct awareness campaign on paying for water
services and ensure continuous community sensitization.
Set relevant penalties for delayed payment and rewards
to effective payment customers
32
LGAs and
COWSOs
MoW/PMO
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
•
Weak financial
5 management control
Strengthen COWSO
financial
management control
Lack of transparency
6 on financial issues.
Enhance
transparency
• Capacity on financial management and control.
• Develop Assets management strategic plan
• To prepare financial reporting template and
operationalize
• Prepare quality financial management report
• To share financial report timely with stakeholders
• Develop effective internal communication mechanism
• Conduct stakeholders meetings
• Introduce Proper documentation system
MoW
LGAs
COWSOs
PMO-RALG
Theme 5: Institutional Capacity Development
Thematic Objective: To have good working environment at COWSO level
1
Challenges
Lack of working office
premises
2
Lack or inadequate
working equipment
Strategies
Include COWSO office in
water supply project;
mobilise resources for
offices for COWSOs for
existing projects.
Ensure office equipment
in place.
Activities
• Develop a circular to all LGAs to
operationalize the initiative
• Sensitize the community to raise fund
and local resources for office building
• Identify the equipment needs
• Initiate procurement procedures
• Procure office equipment from raised
revenue collection and other sources
33
Responsible
MoW/TAMISEMI
LGAs
COWSOs
LGAs
COWSOs
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
3
Lack of effective
political support affects
adversely the
Operations of COWSOs
4
Inadequate support
services training
programmes for
Registrars and other
IAs for COWSOs
support services.
5
FSP Annual Meetings
Build capacity of
councillors to effectively
support COWSO
governance and
sustainable service
delivery.
Develop training
programmes with funding
and schedule for
Registrars and other IAs
for facilitating COWSOs
to manage water
projects, systems and
facilities.
Dialogue with IAS ( FSPs)
MoW/TAMISEMI
• Collaborate with PMO RALG on the
initiative and copies to Local Government LGAs
COWSOs
Authorities.
• Develop Mentoring programmes for
awareness creation
• Identify training needs
• Develop training programme to suit all
IAS
• Awareness creation on team work among
IAs.
• Conduct problem solving meetings with
IAs
34
MoW/RS
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Theme 6: Human Resource Capacity Development
Thematic Objective: To have effective management team for O & M at COWSO level
Challenges
Strategies
Activities
Responsible
1
Lack of knowledge and Develop capacity of COWSOs
skills
MoW/PMO
RALG
2
Unwillingness of skilled Introduce
personnel to work at mechanism
COWSO level
LGAs
COWSO
staff
• Develop COWSO Staff structure
(Executive/Management team)
• Recruit relevant technical staff, MoW and LGA to
facilitate staff recruitment
• Identify staff needs
• Training staff on relevant skills
• Peer to peer field visit to well performing COWSOs.
retention • Introduce motivation mechanism
• Apply motivation mechanism
•
35
-
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Theme 7: Stakeholders Cooperation and Networking
Thematic Objective: Strengthen collaboration between COWSOs and other stakeholders
Challenges
Strategies
Activities
1.
Limited collaboration
and networking for
addressing sustainability
issues
Lack of sectoral
initiatives to facilitate
experience sharing
among COWSOs
3.
Lack of mechanisms for
dialogue and
syndication among
water sector actors
Establish effective
mechanisms of
communication and
Information sharing
among stakeholders
Develop and budget
plans and calendar for
COWSOs meetings
• Identify available stakeholders addressing Rural Water
Supply Sustainability and maintain register/database
• Engage different stakeholders in Sector Joint Review
Meetings and Annual General Meeting (AGM) to
address sustainability issues
• Conduct regular experience sharing forums among
COWSOs at LGA and Regional levels.
• Facilitate COWSO in different forums and workshops
• LGA to facilitate proposal writing for COWSOs to
access funding for exchange field visits and other
development issues
• Facilitate COWSOs competitions and reward best
performing COWSO at LGA, Regional and National
level
• Prepare and share calendar with key stakeholders
Promote mechanisms
• Coordinate NGOs, CBOs, Service providers to identify
for dialogue and
their capacities, profiles and area of interventions
syndication among
• Prepare and harmonise existing guidelines and
International, Regional
procedures
and Local NGOs, CBOs, • Produce documentaries, brochures, leaflets,
and Service providers
magazines.
at village level
• Publicize for sharing knowledge experience
36
Responsible
MoW, PMORALG,
MoW,
LGAs,
MoW, PMORALG,
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Theme 8: Mainstreaming of Crosscutting issues
Thematic Objective: To integrate Cross cutting issues related to sustainable water supply services delivery
Challenges
Strategies
Activities
Responsible
1
2
3
4
6.
Inadequate
knowledge for
communities to
integrate cross
cutting issues in rural
water supply services
Inadequate
facilitation on
Community
Ownership and
management
Inadequate advocacy
on gender
mainstreaming
In-kind contribution
has been difficult due
to private sector
participation
Lack of proper
community
facilitation
Raise awareness of cross
cutting issues through
including cross cutting topics
in formal contacts with
communities and through
improving enforcement and
compliance.
Carry out community
awareness campaigns
Mainstream gender in all
phases of the project
Ensure effective community
participation in all project
phases
Ensure facilitation output
leads to registration of
COWSOs
• Revise Program Implementation Manual to include
methods of mainstreaming cross-cutting issues
• Sensitize and orient communities on various cross
cutting issues on water supply
• Assist community on Planning and Budgeting of
their projects
• Assist community in management of water points
• Introduce information on polices and strategies to
communities. Provide training in various business
skills
• Improve household economy through
establishment of self-help groups
• Develop gender mainstreaming skills among
facilitators and capacity building agents
• Create community awareness
• Create awareness on Water Supply Cost
(Investment capital) and O&M
• Review Services providers’ contracts on
community contribution modality
• Review template contract of Facilitation service
provider and provide guidelines
• Include facilitation, formation and registration of
COWSOs in monitoring and Supervision budget
• Develop simplified COWSO training manuals
37
LGAs
MoW
MoW,PMORALG,
LGA
NGOs and
CBOs
Mow,LGAs
NGOs and
CBOs
Mow, LGAs
and CBOs
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Theme 9: Data Management
Thematic Objective: To have reliable and valid data for Planning and Decision Making for O&M
Challenges
Strategies
Activities
Responsible
1
Diversity in data
collection approaches.
MoW
LGAs
2
Lack of data verification
mechanism
3
Inconsistent and
unreliable data
4
Lack of extension
workers
Ineffective mechanisms
for dissemination and
information sharing
No
5
Develop a quality and user
friendly data management
system
Strengthen the data
management centre at the
Ministry of Water
Develop capacity of
implementing agencies on data
collection and updating
• Establish data verification
mechanism
• Revive/Update existing data base
at MoW
Recruit extension workers at
ward level
Implement quarterly reporting
communication strategy
38
MOW
• Train CWST to Use WPM tool and
MIS to collect data, analyse and
generate reports on sustainability
issues.
• Recruit extension workers
MoW,PMO-RALG,
• Review existing communication
strategy to identify type of
information and to whom
• LGAs to develop communication
strategy according to different
audience.
MoW,PMO-RALG,
LGA
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
1
Theme 10: Water Resources protection
Thematic Objective: Advocacy of sectorial policies and regulations on water sources conservation
Challenges
Strategies
Activities
Responsible
Degradation of
water catchments
MoW,PMORALG,
2
Encroachment of
water sources
3
Insufficient
political will and
public support on
water sources
protect
Sensitize stakeholders on
conservation of watersheds
• Conduct awareness campaign to communities,
COWSOs and other stakeholders on protection
and conservation of water sources
• Harmonize sectoral policies, strategies and laws
to safeguard water sources
Provide alternative livelihoods to • Support environmental friendly income
the community
generating activities to mitigate destruction of
water sources
Enforce environmental and water • Carry out monitoring and enforcement
Resources legislations and
measures
regulation
Sensitise political leaders and
• Prepare awareness campaign programmes
public involvement in water
• Measure impact of the awareness campaigns
sources conservation
and adjust the messages accordingly
39
LGA
MoW,PMORALG,
LGA
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Theme 11: Water Safety Plan
Thematic Objective: Institutionalization of water safety plan at national and local levels
Challenges
Strategies
Activities
1.
Some of water
projects collapse
before the design
period due to
low/poor quality of
water supply
infrastructures
Develop water
safety plans
• Prepare capacity building programme to Ministry, LGAs, NGOs
and Private sector to adapt the water safety tool
• Train CWST and COWSO management in qualitative and
quantitative risks assessment and management in the water
supply system
• Train COWSOs on management and monitoring the water
schemes
• Establish the use of chlorination processor plants (URONEC)
• Marketing of New simple solar energy technologies of water
treatment are needed for sedimentation, micro filtration, ultra
filtration, and sterilization to remove visible particles and
eliminate bacteria, virus and other health hazards.
40
Responsible
MOW/PMORALG
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
No
Theme 12: Governance and Management
Thematic Objective: Strengthen the capacity of the COWSOs
Challenges
Strategies
Activities
1
Absence of management
systems to ensure
accountability and
transparency
Develop improved COWSO
management systems.
2
Community meetings
seldom convened or not
well attended
Strengthen management
systems and ensure compliance
to existing laws/by-laws related
to community meetings
3
Management
skills/coordination (DWE
and COWSOs)
Capacity and skills to
prepare O&M plans
Community awareness of
roles and responsibilities
Auditing of COWSOs
Develop management skills
(institutional and human
resource)
Prepare O&M plans
4
5
6
7
8
• Review and harmonize existing
management systems for COWSOs
• Audit COWSOs finances and design simple
progress report formats
• Promote timely submission of accounting
reports to LGA
• Establish governance structures reflecting
management for single and multi-villages
COWSOs
• Follow existing laws on community
meetings
• Train COWSOs members including
technical training for Artisans
• Improve financial management and skills
• Facilitate COWSOs to prepare FMP and
Scheme Operational budgeting (COWSOs)
• LGA to train communities on their roles
and responsibilities.
• Use LGA auditors for technical and
financial audit
• LGA budget to support communities on
O&M
• RS to provide training to CWST on their
roles and responsibilities
Raise community awareness
Regularly audit COWSO
accounts
Poor LGA O&M Budgeting Introduce O&M budgets for
LGAs
CWST support services
Train and facilitate CWST
members on COWSO support
services.
41
Responsible
MoW,PMORALG,
LGA
MoW,PMORALG,
LGA
MoW,PMORALG,
LGA
MoW,PMORALG,
LGA
MoW,PMORALG,
LGA
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
9
Monitoring plans
Monitor performance indicators
of COWSOs
1o
COWSOs registration
processes
Business plans
Speed up registration of
COWSOs
Develop business plans and
operationalize
11
Develop COWSO performance indicators
Prepare a COWSOs monitoring checklist
Prepare performance indicators templates
Evaluate results
Prepare monitoring and evaluation Report
Identify unregistered COWSOs and
register them
• Develop and operationalize community
business plan models for COWSOs.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
42
MoW,PMORALG,
LGA
MoW,PMORALG,
5.0
LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
The overall logical framework is illustrated in Table 5.1.
Outputs
Objective
Outcome
Sustainable water
supply projects in
rural areas
90% water points
functioning
COWSOs functioning
Technical support services available
Spare parts available
O&M costs covered
1.1
Table 5.1 Logical Framework
PROJECT SUMMARY
INDICATORS
MEANS OF
VERIFICATION
RISKS /
ASSUMPTIO
NS
Goal/
Objectives
Sustainable
water supply
projects in
rural areas
Monthly/
Quarterly
reports and
field visit
Timely
disbursemen
t of fund to
facilitate
registration
process
Outcome/
purpose
More than
90% water
points
functioning
Number of rural water
supply project
registered COWSO
Number of COWSOs
with O&M plans
Amount of money in
TSH. collected from
water sell in relation to
O&M costs by 2020
Amount of money
budgeted by LGA to
support O&M costs in
TSH.
Number of Centre of
Excellence established
with technical
expertise personnel
and spare parts
Number of COWSO
leaders trained
Increase number of
functioning water
points
Rehabilitated number
of not functioning
Reports; Water
point Mapping;
Field visit
Timely fund
release for
COWSO
registration
process
43
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Outputs
COWSOs
functioning
Technical
support
services
available
Spare parts
available
O&M costs
covered
water points Increase
number of people
getting water supply
services
10,000 rural water
supply projects have
COWSOs
Over 90% of water
points functioning
COWSOs get their
genuine spares and
technical assistance at
the nearest distance
COEs established in all
regions/ zones
Amount of money
disbursed by LGA and
MoW to cover O&M
costs
Reports; Water
point Mapping;
Field visit
Reports; Water
point Mapping;
Field visit
Facilitation
support from
LGA and
Centre
Government
Field visit and
reports
Community
commitment
s of
sustainability
Financial
reports from
MIS
The logical framework is presented in detail in table 5.2
Table 5.2 continued
Activities
PROJECT
SUMMARY
• INDICATORS
MEANS OF
VERIFICATION
Registration of
COWSOs to own
water supply
projects
Number of rural
water supply
project owned by
registered COWSO
every quarter from
2015 to 2020
Number of
COWSOs with O&M
plans every quarter
from 2015 to 2020
Quarterly/annually LGA and
reports and field
Community
visit
commitments
of
sustainability
Preparation of
O&M plan for
COWSOs
Collection of
Revenue in
relation to O&M
Amount of money
in TSH. collected
from water sell in
44
RISKS /
ASSUMPTION
S
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
costs
relation to O&M
every quarter from
2015 to 2020
Establishment of
centres of
excellence in
each region
Number of centre
of excellence
established with
technical expertise
personnel and
spare parts every
quarter from 2015
to 2020
Training of all
COWSOs leaders
Number of trained
COWSO leaders
every quarter from
2015 to 2020
LGA Budgeting
for O&M to
support COWSOs
MoW Budgeting
for O&M to
support COWSOs
through LGAs
LGA disburse
money to O&M to
support COWSOs
Amount of money
in TSH. budgeted
by LGA to support
O&M costs every
financial year from
2015 to 2020
of money TSH.
disbursed by to
support O&M costs
every financial year
from 2015 to 2020
MoW disburse
money to O&M to
support COWSOs
45
MoW
commitments
of
sustainability
LGA
commitments
of
sustainability
MoW
commitments
of
sustainability
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
6
DISSEMINATION,
EVALUTION PLAN
IMPLEMENTATION,
MONITORING
AND
6.1 Dissemination Plan
The dissemination plan for this strategy is show in table 6.1
Table 6.1 Dissemination plan
ITEM
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
• Ministry of Water and
stakeholders awareness
creation
• Preparation of Documentation
• Rural water department staffs
to conduct awareness
creation strategy to staffs
from RS and LGA to Regional
centers
• LGA Discussions on Execution
Processes
• RS Reports on Feedback to
MoW
• MoW Sharing with DPs and
NGOs on the LGAs plans and
Agree on Support Measures to
assist LGAs
• To produce sufficient copy of
strategy to be distributed in
community at Maji Week and
other National Events
• Monitoring and Evaluation and
Reporting
METHODS
• Seminar
• Meeting
• Workshop
• Meeting
• Report
• Workshop
TIME FRAME
RESPONSIBLE
• 15th -30th
march, 2015 • DRWS/
• 1st-5th April,
2015
• DRWS
• 06th-30th
april,2015
• 2nd-30th
May, 2015
• 1st- 15th
june, 2015
• 16th -20th
June, 2015
• DRWS/
• RAS/
• DRWS/
• DRWS/
UNICEF
•
• Annually
• DWRS
• Workshop
• 21st - 30th
June- 2015
• DRWS/
6.2 Implementation Plan
The Big Results Now defines 4 immediate quick win sustainability strategies:
i. Enforce tariffs and revenue collection
ii. Establish and train COWSOs to ensure sustainability at all projects
iii. Recruit technicians at local government /Regional and Ministry level
iv. Improve spare parts availability through setting up ( centres of excellence)
These strategies are measured through 4 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
as shown in Table 6.2
46
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Table 6.2 KPIs for the immediate quick win strategy
Number of Villages with COWSOs and Notice Boards
deployed and operational
Percentage of expenditure covered by Tariff collections
Additional technicians recruited, trained and deployed for
operation
Number of Centres of Excellence (COEs)/Warehouses
deployed and operational
Target 2015/16
5226
100%
459
62
For each immediate quick win strategy a number of key actions have been
identified during workshops as shown below:
Table 6.3 Immediate quick win actions
Immediate quick win Actions
strategy
Enforce tariffs and Intensify monitoring of tariff collection (LGA/
revenue collection
DRWSS)
Develop reporting template for LGAs (DRWSS)
Launch targeted awareness campaign
Monitor O&M cost levels (LGA/DRWSS)
Establish COWSOs at Shorten and simplify the registration process
all projects
(see annex D) (LGA/MOW)
Revise COWSO establishment instructions in
consultant TOR (MOW)
Intensify monitoring of consultant tasks on
COWSO establishment (LGA/MOW)
Improve guidance on COWSO establishment in
the PIM (MOW)
Include COWSO establishment in water report
template (MOW)
Recruit technicians at Intensify monitoring of recruitment deadlines
local government level Plan and coordinate remaining recruitment
Carry
out
induction
course
including
sustainability strategy elements
Improve spare part Develop implementation strategy and pilot in
availability
through districts (MOW/LGA)
setting up centres of Establish costs, provide guidelines, identify
excellence
funding sources (MOW/WSWG)
Build capacity (MOW/WSWG, RS)
Establish youth brigades to assist (LGA)
It is imperative that all LGAs, RSs and headquarter staff of MOW and PMO-RALG
prioritize these strategies whilst also taking into account the comprehensive
medium term strategies outlined in the next section.
47
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
The Big Results Now defines 4 immediate quick win sustainability strategies:
Enforce tariffs and revenue collection
i.
Establish and train COWSOs to ensure sustainability at all projects.
ii.
Recruit technicians at local government /Regional and Ministry level.
iii.
Improve spare parts availability through setting up centres of
excellence.
iv.
It is imperative that all LGAs, RSs and headquarter staff of MOW an
PMO-RALG prioritize these strategies whilst also taking into account
the comprehensive medium term strategies outlined in the next
section.
v.
Develop a procurement plan and procure the minimum stock of
spare parts in each LGA.
vi.
Recruit, train and deploy extension workers to support COWSOs at
ward level.
vii.
Establish Centres of
maintenance activities.
viii.
Promote Public Private Partnership in water service provision
ix.
Excellence
to
support
Operation
and
Establish a Water Facility Federation in each Region to supervise
,train and advice COWSOs at regional level.
48
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Table: 6.4 Comprehensive medium term strategies – implementation plan:
Medium term strategies
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Technical Support Services
COWSO Formation and Registration
Popularization of Policies and
Regulations for Sustainable service
delivery
Sustainable O&M Financing
Institutional Capacity Development
Human Resource Capacity
Development
Stakeholders Cooperation and
Networking
Mainstreaming of Crosscutting issues
Data Management
Water Resources protection
Water safety plans
Governance and management
Note: Shaded area denotes major initiative to implement the strategy. Dotted
lines denote that the strategy has been achieved and ongoing work is
continuing to maintain a satisfactory state of affairs.
49
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
6.3 Reporting Procedures
Table 6.5 Medium term strategies – implementation plan
NO ACTIVITY
1
COWSO prepare and submit monthly
reports to LGAs.
2. LGA consolidate COWSOs monthly reports
to aggregate monthly and quarterly
reports and submit to the RS through
emails
and
other
means
of
communication. LGAs give technical
support, feedback, financial support to
COWSOs
TIME FRAME
On 5th day of following
month
On 10th day of the
following
month
or
quarter
3
RS consolidate LGAs monthly reports to On 15th
get consolidated monthly and quarterly following
reports then submit to the MoW & PMO- quarter
RALG through emails and other means
of communication. MoW & PMO-RALG
gives technical support and feedback to
LGAs
day of
month
the
or
4
MoW and PMO-RALG consolidate RSs On 25th
quarterly reports to get consolidated following
National quarterly report, then share with quarter
stakeholders and give technical support,
financial support and feedback to RSs
day of
month
the
or
5
MoW and PMO-RALG reviews the existing Whenever
reporting format and disseminate to RSs required
and LGA through emails, existing
communication
system,
workshops,
seminars and AGM
review
is
50
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
6.4 Monitoring and evaluation plan
The monitoring and evaluation plan is as follows:
i.
Review existing monitoring and evaluation checklist which will be filled
Quarterly showing achievement and obstacles of Community
management of rural water supply by COWSOs.
ii.
MOW will set performance indicators for monitoring RS support services
to LGAs on the sustainability framework.
iii.
RS will set performance indicators for monitoring LGA support services to
community management of rural water supply service.
iv.
LGA will set performance indicators for monitoring COWSOs support
services to community management of rural water supply services.
v.
The LGAs will set the criteria for performance of COWSOs and inform
COWSOs.
vi.
LGAs will generate reports from the water point mapping tool to
monitor sustainability issues and generate monthly reports.
vii.
Each COWSO will fill a monthly report form and submit it to Water
Engineer at the Council. The council will consolidate the reports and
submit them to the regional secretariat who will then submit to the
WSWG and MOW.
viii.
The communities will get free phone accessibility for reporting water
facility problems which may lead to non-functionality.
ix.
A monitoring questionnaire (evaluation sheet) will be filled quarterly
showing opportunities and obstacles of COWSO management and water
projects.
x.
Dialogue mechanism Problem Solving Meeting-(PSM) between Ministry of
Water, PMO –RALG and IAs on progress and performance of COWSOs
between will be established, at least twice a year.
xi.
The progress and performance of COWSOs and the effectiveness of the
dialogue mechanism between stakeholders will be evaluated.
51
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
7.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1 Concluding Remarks
i.
The provision of adequate resources for the O&M function, (day to day
activities, preventative maintenance and major repairs) needs to be
realistically considered.
ii.
The limits of local cost recovery and availability of government funding
must be considered in developing a funding model for sustainability.
iii.
Sufficient funding, personnel and equipment (from Government, DPs,
NGOs, CBO’s, and Private Sector) for the above-mentioned activities
must be realistically identified and quantified.
iv.
Special attention must be given to ensure that equitable tariffs are set
when multiple use (domestic and livestock) services are provided.
v.
On going support to all IAs including LGAs, RS, NGOs, TSP and COWSOs
is essential to ensure that the necessary skills are available and there is
close follow up supplement other capacity building initiatives and
training which alone are not sufficient condition for the success of rural
water supply schemes.
vi.
It is important to pay attention to long-term sustainability when
designing and constructing infrastructure by planning right from the
concept and inception of a project. This will imply that arrangements are
made for better post-construction support, training of COWSOs in
professional and consumer orientated management, training of LGA staff
so they can support an improving availability of spare parts, provide
technical back up services and undertake systematic monitoring of the
functionality of water supply facilities.
vii.
Collaboration and networking among stakeholders and IAs will fast track
formation, registration, and supporting services to COWSOs for
sustainable rural water supply services. All stakeholders have to set aside
funds and dedicate to support strategic activities for rural water supply
services.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
7.2 Guidance points
i. The sustainability strategy is a framework and tool with methodologies
and a series of actions which will guide on how water sector goals,
objectives and purposes will be achieved for intended results of
increasing water coverage.
ii. There is a set of 4 high priority immediate quick win strategic actions
and a comprehensive medium term set of strategic actions arranged
across 12 themes.
iii. The strategy is flexible and can be adapted by LGAs and RSs to fit
their particular circumstances. Each LGA will develop a simple plan for
implementing the immediate and medium term strategies defining the
budget and timeframe. All stakeholders have to set aside funds and
dedicate to support strategic activities for rural water supply services.
iv. Close follow up and monitoring and evaluation combined with targeted
support services will increase functionality of water points.
v. There is a need to review the staffing structure at RS and LGAs so that
the Senior Community Development Officers are also mobilised as
part of the DWEs and RSs team in order to support COWSOs
formation and registration (making use of effective Community Based
Organisation (CBOs) where relevant) and later to take full
responsibility for supporting COWSO’s functionality.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
ANNEX A: DEFINITION OF TERMS
Accessibility: Is a distance or time needed to reach, queue, collect and return with
water.
Reliability: How many days per year that the facility provides water.
Big Result Now: A comprehensive Initiative system of implementation by adopting
new methods of working under specified timeframe for delivery of the step-change
required and implemented beginning of 2013-2014 financial year. BRN will focus on
six priority areas of the economy: i). Energy and natural gas (ii). Agriculture (iii).
Water (iv) Education (v). Transport (vi). Mobilization of resources. It is the Malaysian
Model adopted by Tanzania Government as an effort to transition the country from
low to middle-income economy.
Board: Particularly means the Board of Directors of a statutory body or company, i.e.
a nonexecutive
Board: Can also mean an autonomous organisation established by or under an Act
of Parliament to carry out specific functions within defined areas, accountable to a
Minister through a Board of Directors, i.e. an executive Board.
Capacity development Is a gradual and sustained process of strengthening the
capacities of individuals, organization, and society to make effective and efficient use
of their resources to achieve the water sector development targets on a sustainable
basis. It encompasses policies and strategies, institutional and management
structures, operational systems and procedures.
Community: A group of households, hamlets or villages which are served by a
common water supply facility whereby responsibility for maintenance, protection and
expansion wholly or partially rests on the users.
Community Owned: Ownership of water supply assets is transferred to legal entities
established by communities (c.f. Water Consumer Associations) and the communities
have full responsibility and accountability for the maintenance and protection of the
assets.
Community Water Supply: Shall mean inter alias, water supply for a rural setting.
Cost Recovery: Reimbursement to providers of water supply and sewerage services
of both recurring and non-recurring costs associated with operation, administration
and maintenance. Costs include but are not limited to the costs of design,
development, upgrades, equipment and any other costs associated with capital
investment.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Coverage: is an output indicator, whether water supply or sanitation e.g. number of
connections to sewerage system Examples would be household or population served
with improved water supply and sanitation.
: Is a system where by communities have shifted
from supply to demand driven approach during the implementation of programmes
for sustainable water supply services in initiating, participating, contributing,
empowerment, owning, operating, maintaining and management the system.
Demand Responsive Approach
Evaluation: Assess whether the objectives achievement strength and weaknesses to
design future phases or follow ups of the water facilities by collecting data before
and after project implementation.
Extension worker: is Technical personnel who provides rural communities with
technical advice of rural water supply facilities to improve functionality of the system
and developing their abilities to direct their own future sustainability.
Maintenance: deals with activities that keep the system in proper working
conditions, including
maintenance.
management,
cost
recovery,
repairs
and
preventive
Monitoring: Monitoring is a tool that measures progress of activities during
implementation using indicators which relate to quality and quantity at a particular
time frame. Monitoring identify activities which have been carried out well or not. It
identifies specific problems and aspects that need modification to enable managers
to allocate resources, trainings and supervision.
Stakeholders: Any and all organisations and persons having a direct interest in the
Water Sector.
Strategy:
Sustainability: A service is sustainable when it functions properly and is used, functions
over a prolonged period of time, according to the designed life-cycle of the
equipment, provides the services for which it was planned, including delivering the
required quantity and quality of water; easy access to the service; continuity and
reliability; providing health and economic benefits; and in the case of sanitation,
providing adequate sanitation access. COWSOs are owned by the community with
the purpose of managing rural water supply facilities in a single or multi village
schemes.
Operation: Deals with the actual running of the service (e.g. Provision of fuel,
starting or handling of pumps, control of water collection points, general mechanical
or water treatment procedures, hygienic handling, etc.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Rainwater Harvesting: A technology used for collecting and storing rainwater from
land surfaces, rock catchments or rooftops using simple techniques such as jars and
pots as well as more complex techniques such as charcoal dams.
Water Point Mapping system : is an integration of hardware, software,
methodologies, data, processes and users dedicated to collecting, storing, processing
and analysing water related information and giving feedback to public use for
supporting local level planning and improving accountability for water sector
performance at local and national levels
Sanitation: is practice that separates people from excreta and protects transmission
of faecal contaminant and is easily accessible in all seasons.
Technologies used include: Flush or pour flush to piped sewer system, septic tank,
pit latrine
Ventilated improved pit latrine; Pit latrine with slab; Composting toilet; and
Eosin latrine.
Water Point Mapping : Water point mapping is a tool for collecting data about the
functionality and status of improved rural water sources. It has been used in a
number of countries across Africa and Asia and variations of the tool are now being
promoted by a growing number of organisations. It was first used in 2002 in Malawi
by Water Aid and is now being used in, amongst others, Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda
and Kenya. Over the years it has evolved to cater to the needs of new environmental
and political situations and reflect differences in complex and changing national
water sectors.
Water Services : Water services" means all services, which provide, for households,
public institutions or any economic activity which
involves abstraction,
impoundment, storage, treatment and distribution of surface water or groundwater,
waste-water collection and treatment facilities, which subsequently discharge into,
surface water.
Water Users Association (Vikundi vya Watumiaji Maji): A legal entity established
by the users of water resources within a specified area to manage the allocation of
water resources and resolve conflicts amongst water users within that area.
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ANNEX B: CURRENT STATUS ANALYSIS
POLICY, COORDINATION AND HARMONIZATION
Area of focus
Status – Gaps in relation to targets and
achievements
Review policy to address gaps affecting sustainability of rural Private sector participation and back up support
water supply such as community responsibilities on O&M
from LGAs need to be clearly stated in the policy
costs, private sector participation and back up support from
LGAs.
Public awareness creation on existing policies and
regulations related to sustainable Water Services delivery
Governing Policies, Acts and Regulations and
their linkages are not known to some
stakeholders(COWSO,Community,RWST&CWST,
NGOs,Civil societies)
Focus group education on the roles and responsibilities of
various actors
Roles and responsibilities of different actors as
stipulated in the Act and Regulation are not
known to some of the stakeholders
Improve the existing management of water services
guidelines
Inadequate guidance on management of the
water services
Establishment of regulations and guidelines on the
Government support to O&M
Lack of regulations and guidelines on the
components of O&M supported by the
Government
All water schemes managed by a legally registered COWSOs Slow pace of registration of COWSOs
All COWSOs should be trained effectively
Limited training provided to COWSOs
Review existing COWSOs registration and re-registered by a
new Acts 2009 No.12
Existence of COWSOs which are not registered
under new Act
Establish effective mechanisms of communication and
Information sharing among stakeholders
Limited collaboration and networking on
addressing sustainability issues
Resource mobilization mechanism
and effective planning and budgeting
Inadequate resources to
Development of plans and calendar for COWSOs meetings
Lack of mechanisms for dialogue and syndication
among water sector actors
Mechanisms to foster collaboration, cooperation, networking
and syndication among, Development Partners, Sector
Ministries, Civil societies, NGOs, CBOs, in supporting
communities in sustainability strategies at local level
initiated.
Lack of sectoral initiatives to facilitate experience
sharing among COWSOs
Dissemination and information sharing mechanisms
Quarterly reporting on the implementation of communication
strategy
No implementation of water Sector
Communication Strategy
TECHNICAL SUPPORT SERVICES
57
No profile showing who is doing what and where
on sustainability of Community water supply.
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Area of focus
Target
Achievements
Gap
Establishment of Centres of
Excellence (CoE)
62 Centres of
Excellence (COEs)
established by
2016
BRN Target
0
There is no implementation
strategy to kick-off the COE
initiative. COE requires space and
funds. Low priority and focus
given to O&M - Nobody taking the
lead, LOW accountability
Construction of new water points
31,033
12,934
Gap of 18099
Deployment of trained water
Required 8749 by
Sector professionals (Engineers,
2014/2015
Technicians, craftsmen) at all levels
1538
Gap of 7211
Number of Water Points
Rehabilitated
15,409 by
2014/2015
1,503
Gap of 13,906
Functionality of Water Points
Total Water Points
75,777
(functionality of
90%)
Functional 46,697
( 62%)
Gap Non-functional 29,080
( 38%)
Management of Water Points
Completed
31,033 by
2014/2015
17,603
13,433 have not yet been
completed, and no management
arrangement to sustain completed
projects
Training Manual to facilitate O&M
Issues DWEs, Registrars and
Technicians to facilitate
Communities on O&M issues
A simple manual
available by 2014
WSDP manuals
available
Inconsistent approaches to
facilitate communities on O&M
issues
Preparation of O&M plans
All COWSOs
Very few in place
Limited Capacity and skills to
prepare O&M plans
FINANCAL ASPECTS
Area of focus
Target
Achievements
Gap
Disbursement of Funds for project 270,979,580,000
implementation ( New and
rehabilitation of Projects) to
September 2014/2015
54,975,842,389
20%
Gap 216,003,737,611
Collection of revenue to cover
Operation & Maintenance cost
42 % of projects
expenditure has
been covered by
Tariff collections
58%No data on Tariff Collected
and O&M cost by the
community available for
Ministry to analyse, manage
and monitor.
Most COWSOs staff have no
financial management skills
100% O&M
expenditure at
community level
covered by Collection
of Tariff by 2017
BRN Target
Resource mobilization mechanism
and effective budgets with low
cost banking modalities
Not yet developed
MANAGEMENT ASPECTS
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Focus areas
Target
Achievements
Gap
COWSO definition in terms
of number of water points,
coverage, management
model and service level
Review COWSO
formation and
Registration guideline to
provide a standard
definition
COWSO guideline in
place
Inconsistence and un clarity
of the definition
COWSO Formation and
Registration
Total of 5,526 villages
with registered COWSO
by 2017. BRN Target
COWSO registration to
take 42 instead of 240
days
525 COWSOs have
been registered to date
( 15%) by 2014/2015
Long process of registration
Financial resources to
facilitate registration
All projects to be managed Each LGA to register 4
by legally registered
COWSOs every quarter
COWSOs
Only 14% of completed 86% of the completed
projects are managed
projects have no registered
by registered COWSOs COWSO.
Office Working premises
and presence of working
equipment
All CoWSOs to have
offices and adequate
working equipment
10% of COWSOs have
working equipment in
the offices
90% of COWSOs have
working equipment in the
offices
Knowledge and skills to
manage water projects
All COWSOs should have
trained staff in technical,
financial, managerial
skills to manage water
projects
Only Boards of
Trustees and
Companies water
projects are managed
by trained staff.
97% of COWSOs should
have trained staff in
technical, financial,
managerial skills
Community Staff
Retention strategy
LGA to ensure all water
Staff turnover too high
projects at the
community level are
managed by trained staff
with staff retention
strategy to ensure
incentives and high work
satisfaction.
Unwillingness of skilled
personnel to work at
COWSO level due to lack of
work incentives.
Data collection
approaches, and
verification mechanism
Effective capture and
use of data management
systems available (MIS,
WPM, Google Docs)
WPM system is in place
but very little
information to few
project is available.
All implementing agencies
have insufficient staff skills
on data management.
There is no data on COWSO
sustainability Issues
Recruitment of extension
workers at ward level
Community Water
projects receive
Supported technical from
Extension workers at
ward level
There are no Extension
Workers at ward level
for community
technical support.
Number of Non-functional
Water points is increasing
due to inadequate support.
GOVERNANCE ASPECTS
Areas of focus
Status – Gaps in relation to targets and achievements
Councillors as influential leaders provide
political support
75% of the Councillors have not been trained to support O&M Issues
COWSOs governance structures (Elective There is no guideline of COWSO governance structures (Elective and
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
GOVERNANCE ASPECTS
Areas of focus
Status – Gaps in relation to targets and achievements
and Executive) and Community
Management Board in place
Executive) and Governing Boards Only Boards of Trustees and
Companies have Executive leaders and Governing Boards95% of
COWSOs have no Executive leaders and Governing Boards
Management systems for accountability
in place
Absence of management system to ensure accountability and
transparency
Management systems(COWSOs) that
ensure compliance to existing laws/bylaws related to community meetings
Community meetings seldom convened or not well attended
Capacity development in management
skills(institutional and human resource)
Management skills/coordination between DWE and COWSOs is not
sufficient
Community awareness creation
Community not aware of their roles and responsibilities
Auditing of COWSOs accounting books
COWSOs accounts not audited
Budgeting for O&M of Rural Water
Projects at LGA
O&M Budgeting not considered at LGA level
Awareness raising with the CWST
CWSTs are often inactive and poorly informed
Monitoring of performance indicators of
COWSOs
Absence of Monitoring plans
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
Focus
area
Water source
protection and
demarcation to
conserve water
sources
Secure Water use
permit for water
abstraction in
rural water
supply projects
Target
Achievement
Gap
Water sources demarcation
and enforcement of the Act to
protect water sources at a
radius of 60m
Regulation for water
Resources Management
Act No. 11 is prepared.
Enforcement of the Act is
ongoing.
Alarming increase of
human activities around
water sources.
Water sources
demarcation is at low
pace
Planting water friendly plants
to conserve water sources
Slow pace on planting
water friendly trees
around the water sources
Enforce the implementation of
environmental and water
resources registration,
regulation and by-laws
Some of COWSOs and
WUAs plant water friendly
trees around their water
sources
Ongoing sensitization and
enforcement of bylaws at
LGA level on water sources
protection
All water abstraction should
have water use permit from
respective Water Basin
About 20% of rural water
supply projects have water
use permit.
60
The environmental and
water resources
legislation, regulation and
by-laws not well known
to the community
Most of LGAs does not
apply for water use
permit (gap of 80% of
projects)
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
Focus
area
Target
Achievement
Gap
Land ownership
All community project land
should be owned by the
project management through
a written agreement.
In some cases, land for
the project is obtained
through village meeting
with minutes for the
meeting in place
In most cases there is no
written agreement
between land owner and
project management
Environmental
conservation and
Management to
minimize
degradation
To have pure and safe water
for the project including
prohibition of the use of
fertilizers around water
sources
Some awareness has been
created within
communities on
environmental
management and
enforcement of by-laws.
Communities still conduct
activities leading to
environmental
degradation. The
environment is still
degrading.
SOCIAL AND GENDER MAINSTREAMING ASPECTS
Focus area
Target
Achievements
Gap
Knowledge for
communities to
integrate cross cutting
issues in rural water
supply services
All COWSOs to integrate
HIV/AIDS, disabilities,
Sanitation and Hygiene, Social
Environment, Climate, etc.) in
Water Supply Services
20% of COWSOs integrate
cross cutting issues in rural
water supply services
80% of COWSOs
should integrate
cross cutting issues
in rural water supply
services
Gender mainstreaming
in water sector activities
Gender issues to be
mainstreamed in all phases of
the projects and in COWSO
management
20% of projects
mainstream gender in all
phases of the projects and
in COWSO operations
80% percent of the
projects do not
sufficiently
mainstream gender
Facilitation on
Community Ownership
and Management
All COWSOs should be
facilitated to raise revenue
collection, to form COWSO and
manage operation and
maintenance
Many COWSOs are not
sufficiently facilitated to
raise revenue collection
To provide in-kind
contribution has
been difficult due to
private sector
participation
Inadequate facilitation
due to Joining of
Technical and
Facilitation services in
WSDP (Lead and
Associate Firms)
Facilitation output to be
Formation and registration of
COWSOs
15% (525) of COWSOs
have been effectively
facilitated and are legally
registered.
Facilitation services
have not empowered
enough COWOSs –
many 85% still
remain.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
6.1 Dissemination plan
ITEM
1
•
2
•
3
•
4
•
5
•
6
•
•
7
•
Ministry of Water and
stakeholders awareness creation
Preparation of Documentation
Rural water department staffs to
conduct awareness creation
strategy to staffs from RS and
LGA to Regional centers
LGA Discussions on Execution
Processes
RS Reports on Feedback to MoW
MoW Sharing with DPs and
NGOs on the LGAs plans and
Agree on Support Measures to
assist LGAs
To produce sufficient copy of
strategy to be distributed in
community at Maji Week and
other National Events
Monitoring and Evaluation and
Reporting
METHODS
•
•
Seminar
Meeting
•
Workshop
•
•
Meeting
Report
•
Workshop
•
•
Workshop
TIME FRAME
•
•
•
•
•
•
15th -30th
march, 2015
1st-5th April,
2015
06th-30th
april,2015
2nd-30th
May, 2015
1st- 15th
june, 2015
16th -20th
June, 2015
RESPONSIBLE
•
DRWS/
•
DRWS
•
DRWS/
•
•
RAS/
DRWS/
•
DRWS/U
NICEF
•
Annually
•
DWRS
•
21st - 30th
June- 2015
•
DRWS/
6.2 Implementation Plan
The
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
Big Results Now defines 4 immediate quick win sustainability strategies:
Enforce tariffs and revenue collection
Establish and train COWSOs to ensure sustainability at all projects
Recruit technicians at local government /Regional and Ministry level
Improve spare parts availability through setting up ( centres of excellence)
These strategies are measured through 4 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) as shown in
Table 6.2
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Table 6.2 KPIs for the immediate quick win strategy
Number of Villages with COWSOs and Notice Boards
deployed and operational
Percentage of expenditure covered by Tariff collections
Additional technicians recruited, trained and deployed for
operation
Number of Centres of Excellence (COEs)/Warehouses
deployed and operational
Target 2015/16
5226
100%
459
62
For each immediate quick win strategy a number of key actions have been
identified during workshops as shown below:
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Table 6.3 Immediate quick win actions
Immediate
strategy
quick
win Actions
Enforce tariffs and Intensify monitoring of tariff collection (LGA/
revenue collection
DRWSS)
Develop reporting template for LGAs (DRWSS)
Launch targeted awareness campaign
Monitor O&M cost levels (LGA/DRWSS)
Establish COWSOs at Shorten and simplify the registration process
all projects
(see annex D) (LGA/MOW)
Revise COWSO establishment instructions in
consultant TOR (MOW)
Intensify monitoring of consultant tasks on
COWSO establishment (LGA/MOW)
Improve guidance on COWSO establishment in
the PIM (MOW)
Include COWSO establishment in water report
template (MOW)
Recruit technicians at Intensify monitoring of recruitment deadlines
local government level Plan and coordinate remaining recruitment
Carry
out
induction
course
including
sustainability strategy elements
Improve spare part Develop implementation strategy and pilot in
availability
through districts (MOW/LGA)
setting up centres of Establish costs, provide guidelines, identify
excellence
funding sources (MOW/WSWG)
Build capacity (MOW/WSWG, RS)
Establish youth brigades to assist (LGA)
It is imperative that all LGAs, RSs and headquarter staff of MOW and PMO-RALG
prioritize these strategies whilst also taking into account the comprehensive
medium term strategies outlined in the next section.
The Big Results Now defines 4 immediate quick win sustainability strategies:
Enforce tariffs and revenue collection
x.
Establish and train COWSOs to ensure sustainability at all projects.
xi.
Recruit technicians at local government /Regional and Ministry level.
64
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
xii.
Improve spare parts availability through setting up centres of
excellence.
xiii.
It is imperative that all LGAs, RSs and headquarter staff of MOW an
PMO-RALG prioritize these strategies whilst also taking into account
the comprehensive medium term strategies outlined in the next
section.
xiv.
Develop a procurement plan and procure the minimum stock of
spare parts in each LGA.
xv.
Recruit, train and deploy extension workers to support COWSOs at
ward level.
xvi.
Establish Centres of
maintenance activities.
xvii.
Promote Public Private Partnership in water service provision
xviii.
Establish a Water Facility Federation in each Region to supervise
,train and advice COWSOs at regional level.
Excellence
65
to
support
Operation
and
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Table: 6.4 Comprehensive medium term strategies – implementation plan:
Medium term strategies
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Technical Support Services
COWSO Formation and Registration
Popularization of Policies and
Regulations for Sustainable service
delivery
Sustainable O&M Financing
Institutional Capacity Development
Human Resource Capacity
Development
Stakeholders Cooperation and
Networking
Mainstreaming of Crosscutting issues
Data Management
Water Resources protection
Water safety plans
Governance and management
Note: Shaded area denotes major initiative to implement the strategy. Dotted
lines denote that the strategy has been achieved and ongoing work is
continuing to maintain a satisfactory state of affairs.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
6.3 Reporting Procedures
67
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Table 6.5 Medium term strategies – implementation plan
NO ACTIVITY
1
2.
TIME FRAME
COWSO prepare and submit monthly reports to On 5th day of following month
LGAs.
LGA consolidate COWSOs monthly reports to On 10th day of the following
aggregate monthly and quarterly reports and month or quarter
submit to the RS through emails and other
means of communication. LGAs give technical
support, feedback, financial support to COWSOs
3
RS consolidate LGAs monthly reports to get On 15th day of the following
consolidated monthly and quarterly reports then month or quarter
submit to the MoW & PMO-RALG
through
emails and other means of communication. MoW
& PMO-RALG gives technical support and
feedback to LGAs
4
MoW and PMO-RALG consolidate RSs quarterly On 25th day of the following
reports to get consolidated National quarterly month or quarter
report, then share with stakeholders and give
technical support, financial support and feedback
to RSs
5
MoW and PMO-RALG reviews the existing Whenever review is required
reporting format and disseminate to RSs and LGA
through emails, existing communication system,
workshops, seminars and AGM
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
6.4 Monitoring and evaluation plan
The monitoring and evaluation plan is as follows:
xii.
Review existing monitoring and evaluation checklist which will be filled
Quarterly showing achievement and obstacles of Community
management of rural water supply by COWSOs.
xiii.
MOW will set performance indicators for monitoring RS support services
to LGAs on the sustainability framework.
xiv.
RS will set performance indicators for monitoring LGA support services to
community management of rural water supply service.
xv.
LGA will set performance indicators for monitoring COWSOs support
services to community management of rural water supply services.
xvi.
The LGAs will set the criteria for performance of COWSOs and inform
COWSOs.
xvii.
LGAs will generate reports from the water point mapping tool to
monitor sustainability issues and generate monthly reports.
xviii.
Each COWSO will fill a monthly report form and submit it to Water
Engineer at the Council. The council will consolidate the reports and
submit them to the regional secretariat who will then submit to the
WSWG and MOW.
xix.
The communities will get free phone accessibility for reporting water
facility problems which may lead to non-functionality.
xx.
A monitoring questionnaire (evaluation sheet) will be filled quarterly
showing opportunities and obstacles of COWSO management and water
projects.
xxi.
Dialogue mechanism Problem Solving Meeting-(PSM) between Ministry of
Water, PMO –RALG and IAs on progress and performance of COWSOs
between will be established, at least twice a year.
xxii.
The progress and performance of COWSOs and the effectiveness of the
dialogue mechanism between stakeholders will be evaluated.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
7.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1 Concluding Remarks
viii.
The provision of adequate resources for the O&M function, (day to day
activities, preventative maintenance and major repairs) needs to be
realistically considered.
ix.
The limits of local cost recovery and availability of government funding
must be considered in developing a funding model for sustainability.
x.
Sufficient funding, personnel and equipment (from Government, DPs,
NGOs, CBO’s, and Private Sector) for the above-mentioned activities
must be realistically identified and quantified.
xi.
Special attention must be given to ensure that equitable tariffs are set
when multiple use (domestic and livestock) services are provided.
xii.
On going support to all IAs including LGAs, RS, NGOs, TSP and COWSOs
is essential to ensure that the necessary skills are available and there is
close follow up supplement other capacity building initiatives and
training which alone are not sufficient condition for the success of rural
water supply schemes.
xiii.
It is important to pay attention to long-term sustainability when
designing and constructing infrastructure by planning right from the
concept and inception of a project. This will imply that arrangements are
made for better post-construction support, training of COWSOs in
professional and consumer orientated management, training of LGA staff
so they can support an improving availability of spare parts, provide
technical back up services and undertake systematic monitoring of the
functionality of water supply facilities.
xiv.
Collaboration and networking among stakeholders and IAs will fast track
formation, registration, and supporting services to COWSOs for
sustainable rural water supply services. All stakeholders have to set aside
funds and dedicate to support strategic activities for rural water supply
services.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
7.2 Guidance points
vi. The sustainability strategy is a framework and tool with methodologies
and a series of actions which will guide on how water sector goals,
objectives and purposes will be achieved for intended results of
increasing water coverage.
vii. There is a set of 4 high priority immediate quick win strategic actions
and a comprehensive medium term set of strategic actions arranged
across 12 themes.
viii. The strategy is flexible and can be adapted by LGAs and RSs to fit
their particular circumstances. Each LGA will develop a simple plan for
implementing the immediate and medium term strategies defining the
budget and timeframe. All stakeholders have to set aside funds and
dedicate to support strategic activities for rural water supply services.
ix. Close follow up and monitoring and evaluation combined with targeted
support services will increase functionality of water points.
x. There is a need to review the staffing structure at RS and LGAs so that
the Senior Community Development Officers are also mobilised as
part of the DWEs and RSs team in order to support COWSOs
formation and registration (making use of effective Community Based
Organisation (CBOs) where relevant) and later to take full
responsibility for supporting COWSO’s functionality.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
ANNEX A: DEFINITION OF TERMS
Accessibility: Is a distance or time needed to reach, queue, collect and return with
water.
Reliability: How many days per year that the facility provides water.
Big Result Now: A comprehensive Initiative system of implementation by adopting
new methods of working under specified timeframe for delivery of the step-change
required and implemented beginning of 2013-2014 financial year. BRN will focus on
six priority areas of the economy: i). Energy and natural gas (ii). Agriculture (iii).
Water (iv) Education (v). Transport (vi). Mobilization of resources. It is the Malaysian
Model adopted by Tanzania Government as an effort to transition the country from
low to middle-income economy.
Board: Particularly means the Board of Directors of a statutory body or company, i.e.
a nonexecutive
Board: Can also mean an autonomous organisation established by or under an Act
of Parliament to carry out specific functions within defined areas, accountable to a
Minister through a Board of Directors, i.e. an executive Board.
Capacity development Is a gradual and sustained process of strengthening the
capacities of individuals, organization, and society to make effective and efficient use
of their resources to achieve the water sector development targets on a sustainable
basis. It encompasses policies and strategies, institutional and management
structures, operational systems and procedures.
Community: A group of households, hamlets or villages which are served by a
common water supply facility whereby responsibility for maintenance, protection and
expansion wholly or partially rests on the users.
Community Owned: Ownership of water supply assets is transferred to legal entities
established by communities (c.f. Water Consumer Associations) and the communities
have full responsibility and accountability for the maintenance and protection of the
assets.
Community Water Supply: Shall mean inter alias, water supply for a rural setting.
Cost Recovery: Reimbursement to providers of water supply and sewerage services
of both recurring and non-recurring costs associated with operation, administration
and maintenance. Costs include but are not limited to the costs of design,
development, upgrades, equipment and any other costs associated with capital
investment.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Coverage: is an output indicator, whether water supply or sanitation e.g. number of
connections to sewerage system Examples would be household or population served
with improved water supply and sanitation.
: Is a system where by communities have shifted
from supply to demand driven approach during the implementation of programmes
for sustainable water supply services in initiating, participating, contributing,
empowerment, owning, operating, maintaining and management the system.
Demand Responsive Approach
Evaluation: Assess whether the objectives achievement strength and weaknesses to
design future phases or follow ups of the water facilities by collecting data before
and after project implementation.
Extension worker: is Technical personnel who provides rural communities with
technical advice of rural water supply facilities to improve functionality of the system
and developing their abilities to direct their own future sustainability.
Maintenance: deals with activities that keep the system in proper working
conditions, including
maintenance.
management,
cost
recovery,
repairs
and
preventive
Monitoring: Monitoring is a tool that measures progress of activities during
implementation using indicators which relate to quality and quantity at a particular
time frame. Monitoring identify activities which have been carried out well or not. It
identifies specific problems and aspects that need modification to enable managers
to allocate resources, trainings and supervision.
Stakeholders: Any and all organisations and persons having a direct interest in the
Water Sector.
Sustainability: A service is sustainable when it functions properly and is used, functions
over a prolonged period of time, according to the designed life-cycle of the
equipment, provides the services for which it was planned, including delivering the
required quantity and quality of water; easy access to the service; continuity and
reliability; providing health and economic benefits; and in the case of sanitation,
providing adequate sanitation access. COWSOs are owned by the community with
the purpose of managing rural water supply facilities in a single or multi village
schemes.
Sustainability Strategy: The strategy guides all stakeholders in the sub-sector on
operation and maintenance by identifying and analysing the current situation, causes
and challenges affecting sustainability of Rural Water Supply Services with proposed
programmes and strategic interventions to address sustainability blockages.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Operation: Deals with the actual running of the service (e.g. Provision of fuel,
starting or handling of pumps, control of water collection points, general mechanical
or water treatment procedures, hygienic handling, etc.
Rainwater Harvesting: A technology used for collecting and storing rainwater from
land surfaces, rock catchments or rooftops using simple techniques such as jars and
pots as well as more complex techniques such as charcoal dams.
Water Point Mapping system : is an integration of hardware, software,
methodologies, data, processes and users dedicated to collecting, storing, processing
and analysing water related information and giving feedback to public use for
supporting local level planning and improving accountability for water sector
performance at local and national levels
Sanitation: is practice that separates people from excreta and protects transmission
of faecal contaminant and is easily accessible in all seasons.
Technologies used include: Flush or pour flush to piped sewer system, septic tank,
pit latrine
Ventilated improved pit latrine; Pit latrine with slab; Composting toilet; and
Eosin latrine.
Water Point Mapping : Water point mapping is a tool for collecting data about the
functionality and status of improved rural water sources. It has been used in a
number of countries across Africa and Asia and variations of the tool are now being
promoted by a growing number of organisations. It was first used in 2002 in Malawi
by Water Aid and is now being used in, amongst others, Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda
and Kenya. Over the years it has evolved to cater to the needs of new environmental
and political situations and reflect differences in complex and changing national
water sectors.
Water Services : Water services" means all services, which provide, for households,
public institutions or any economic activity which
involves abstraction,
impoundment, storage, treatment and distribution of surface water or groundwater,
waste-water collection and treatment facilities, which subsequently discharge into,
surface water.
Water Users Association: A legal entity established by the users of water
resources within a specified area to manage the allocation of water resources and
resolve conflicts amongst water users within that area.
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ANNEX B: CURRENT STATUS ANALYSIS
POLICY, COORDINATION AND HARMONIZATION
Area of focus
Status – Gaps in relation to targets and
achievements
Review policy to address gaps affecting sustainability of rural Private sector participation and back up support
water supply such as community responsibilities on O&M
from LGAs need to be clearly stated in the policy
costs, private sector participation and back up support from
LGAs.
Public awareness creation on existing policies and
regulations related to sustainable Water Services delivery
Governing Policies, Acts and Regulations and
their linkages are not known to some
stakeholders(COWSO, Community,
RWST&CWST, NGOs, Civil societies).
Focus group education on the roles and responsibilities of
various actors
Roles and responsibilities of different actors as
stipulated in the Act and Regulation are not
known to some of the stakeholders
Improve the existing management of water services
guidelines
Inadequate guidance on management of the
water services
Establishment of regulations and guidelines on the
Government support to O&M
Lack of regulations and guidelines on the
components of O&M supported by the
Government
All water schemes managed by a legally registered COWSOs Slow pace of registration of COWSOs
All COWSOs should be trained effectively
Limited training provided to COWSOs
Review existing COWSOs registration and re-registered by a
new Acts 2009 No.12
Existence of COWSOs which are not registered
under new Act
Establish effective mechanisms of communication and
Information sharing among stakeholders
Limited collaboration and networking on
addressing sustainability issues
Resource mobilization mechanism
and effective planning and budgeting
Inadequate resources to
Development of plans and calendar for COWSOs meetings
Lack of mechanisms for dialogue and syndication
among water sector actors
Mechanisms to foster collaboration, cooperation, networking
and syndication among, Development Partners, Sector
Ministries, Civil societies, NGOs, CBOs, in supporting
communities in sustainability strategies at local level
initiated.
Lack of sectoral initiatives to facilitate experience
sharing among COWSOs
Dissemination and information sharing mechanisms
Quarterly reporting on the implementation of communication
strategy
No implementation of water Sector
Communication Strategy
75
No profile showing who is doing what and where
on sustainability of Community water supply.
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
TECHNICAL SUPPORT SERVICES
Area of focus
Target
Achievements
Gap
Establishment of Centres of
Excellence (CoE)
62 Centres of
Excellence (COEs)
established by
2016
BRN Target
0
There is no implementation
strategy to kick-off the COE
initiative. COE requires space and
funds. Low priority and focus
given to O&M - Nobody taking the
lead, LOW accountability
Construction of new water points
31,033
12,934
Gap of 18099
Deployment of trained water
Required 8749 by
Sector professionals (Engineers,
2014/2015
Technicians, craftsmen) at all levels
1538
Gap of 7211
Number of Water Points
Rehabilitated
15,409 by
2014/2015
1,503
Gap of 13,906
Functionality of Water Points
Total Water Points
75,777
(functionality of
90%)
Functional 46,697
( 62%)
Gap Non-functional 29,080
( 38%)
Management of Water Points
Completed
31,033 by
2014/2015
17,603
13,433 have not yet been
completed, and no management
arrangement to sustain completed
projects
Training Manual to facilitate O&M
Issues DWEs, Registrars and
Technicians to facilitate
Communities on O&M issues
A simple manual
available by 2014
WSDP manuals
available
Inconsistent approaches to
facilitate communities on O&M
issues
Preparation of O&M plans
All COWSOs
Very few in place
Limited Capacity and skills to
prepare O&M plans
FINANCAL ASPECTS
Area of focus
Target
Achievements
Gap
Disbursement of Funds for project 270,979,580,000
implementation ( New and
rehabilitation of Projects) to
September 2014/2015
54,975,842,389
20%
Gap 216,003,737,611
Collection of revenue to cover
Operation & Maintenance cost
42 % of projects
expenditure has
been covered by
Tariff collections
58%No data on Tariff Collected
and O&M cost by the
community available for
Ministry to analyse, manage
and monitor.
Most COWSOs staff have no
financial management skills
100% O&M
expenditure at
community level
covered by Collection
of Tariff by 2017
BRN Target
Resource mobilization mechanism
and effective budgets with low
cost banking modalities
Not yet developed
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
MANAGEMENT ASPECTS
Focus areas
Target
Achievements
Gap
COWSO definition in terms
of number of water points,
coverage, management
model and service level
Review COWSO
formation and
Registration guideline to
provide a standard
definition
COWSO guideline in
place
Inconsistence and un clarity
of the definition
COWSO Formation and
Registration
Total of 5,526 villages
with registered COWSO
by 2017. BRN Target
COWSO registration to
take 42 instead of 240
days
525 COWSOs have
been registered to date
( 15%) by 2014/2015
Long process of registration
Financial resources to
facilitate registration
All projects to be managed Each LGA to register 4
by legally registered
COWSOs every quarter
COWSOs
Only 14% of completed 86% of the completed
projects are managed
projects have no registered
by registered COWSOs COWSO.
Office Working premises
and presence of working
equipment
All CoWSOs to have
offices and adequate
working equipment
10% of COWSOs have
working equipment in
the offices
90% of COWSOs have
working equipment in the
offices
Knowledge and skills to
manage water projects
All COWSOs should have
trained staff in technical,
financial, managerial
skills to manage water
projects
Only Boards of
Trustees and
Companies water
projects are managed
by trained staff.
97% of COWSOs should
have trained staff in
technical, financial,
managerial skills
Community Staff
Retention strategy
LGA to ensure all water
Staff turnover too high
projects at the
community level are
managed by trained staff
with staff retention
strategy to ensure
incentives and high work
satisfaction.
Unwillingness of skilled
personnel to work at
COWSO level due to lack of
work incentives.
Data collection
approaches, and
verification mechanism
Effective capture and
use of data management
systems available (MIS,
WPM, Google Docs)
WPM system is in place
but very little
information to few
project is available.
All implementing agencies
have insufficient staff skills
on data management.
There is no data on COWSO
sustainability Issues
Recruitment of extension
workers at ward level
Community Water
projects receive
Supported technical from
Extension workers at
ward level
There are no Extension
Workers at ward level
for community
technical support.
Number of Non-functional
Water points is increasing
due to inadequate support.
GOVERNANCE ASPECTS
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
Areas of focus
Status – Gaps in relation to targets and achievements
Councillors as influential leaders provide
political support
75% of the Councillors have not been trained to support O&M Issues
COWSOs governance structures (Elective There is no guideline of COWSO governance structures (Elective and
and Executive) and Community
Executive) and Governing Boards Only Boards of Trustees and
Management Board in place
Companies have Executive leaders and Governing Boards95% of
COWSOs have no Executive leaders and Governing Boards
Management systems for accountability
in place
Absence of management system to ensure accountability and
transparency
Management systems(COWSOs) that
ensure compliance to existing laws/bylaws related to community meetings
Community meetings seldom convened or not well attended
Capacity development in management
skills(institutional and human resource)
Management skills/coordination between DWE and COWSOs is not
sufficient
Community awareness creation
Community not aware of their roles and responsibilities
Auditing of COWSOs accounting books
COWSOs accounts not audited
Budgeting for O&M of Rural Water
Projects at LGA
O&M Budgeting not considered at LGA level
Awareness raising with the CWST
CWSTs are often inactive and poorly informed
Monitoring of performance indicators of
COWSOs
Absence of Monitoring plans
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
Focus
area
Water source
protection and
demarcation to
conserve water
sources
Secure Water use
permit for water
abstraction in
rural water
supply projects
Target
Achievement
Gap
Water sources demarcation
and enforcement of the Act to
protect water sources at a
radius of 60m
Regulation for water
Resources Management
Act No. 11 is prepared.
Enforcement of the Act is
ongoing.
Alarming increase of
human activities around
water sources.
Water sources
demarcation is at low
pace
Planting water friendly plants
to conserve water sources
Slow pace on planting
water friendly trees
around the water sources
Enforce the implementation of
environmental and water
resources registration,
regulation and by-laws
Some of COWSOs and
WUAs plant water friendly
trees around their water
sources
Ongoing sensitization and
enforcement of bylaws at
LGA level on water sources
protection
All water abstraction should
have water use permit from
respective Water Basin
About 20% of rural water
supply projects have water
use permit.
78
The environmental and
water resources
legislation, regulation and
by-laws not well known
to the community
Most of LGAs does not
apply for water use
permit (gap of 80% of
projects)
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
Focus
area
Target
Achievement
Gap
Land ownership
All community project land
should be owned by the
project management through
a written agreement.
In some cases, land for
the project is obtained
through village meeting
with minutes for the
meeting in place
In most cases there is no
written agreement
between land owner and
project management
Environmental
conservation and
Management to
minimize
degradation
To have pure and safe water
for the project including
prohibition of the use of
fertilizers around water
sources
Some awareness has been
created within
communities on
environmental
management and
enforcement of by-laws.
Communities still conduct
activities leading to
environmental
degradation. The
environment is still
degrading.
SOCIAL AND GENDER MAINSTREAMING ASPECTS
Focus area
Target
Achievements
Gap
Knowledge for
communities to
integrate cross cutting
issues in rural water
supply services
All COWSOs to integrate
HIV/AIDS, disabilities,
Sanitation and Hygiene, Social
Environment, Climate, etc.) in
Water Supply Services
20% of COWSOs integrate
cross cutting issues in rural
water supply services
80% of COWSOs
should integrate
cross cutting issues
in rural water supply
services
Gender mainstreaming
in water sector activities
Gender issues to be
mainstreamed in all phases of
the projects and in COWSO
management
20% of projects
mainstream gender in all
phases of the projects and
in COWSO operations
80% percent of the
projects do not
sufficiently
mainstream gender
Facilitation on
Community Ownership
and Management
All COWSOs should be
facilitated to raise revenue
collection, to form COWSO and
manage operation and
maintenance
Many COWSOs are not
sufficiently facilitated to
raise revenue collection
To provide in-kind
contribution has
been difficult due to
private sector
participation
Inadequate facilitation
due to Joining of
Technical and
Facilitation services in
WSDP (Lead and
Associate Firms)
Facilitation output to be
Formation and registration of
COWSOs
15% (525) of COWSOs
have been effectively
facilitated and are legally
registered.
Facilitation services
have not empowered
enough COWOSs –
many 85% still
remain.
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
ANNEX C: PROPOSED REGISTRATION PROCESS
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
ANNEX D: STAFF REQUIREMENT AND AVAILABLE WATER SECTOR STAFF
Profession
1
2
3
4
Requirements
Available
Gap
Engineers
146
98
48
Technicians
702
651
51
Chemists
37
13
24
Hydrologists
53
21
32
Hydro geologists
73
56
17
Economists
21
19
2
Community Development Officers
31
29
2
Total
1063
887
176
Engineers
25
25
0
Technicians
25
0
25
Hydro geologists
25
3
22
Electrical Technicians
25
0
25
Total
100
28
72
Engineers
760
147
613
Technicians
1,272
283
1090
Ass. Technicians
1,320
283
1037
Community Development Officers
229
11
218
Total
3561
623
2858
3338
o
3338
Metrology Meter Readers
667
0
667
Grand Total
6749
1538
7211
Ministry level
Regional Secretariat level
Local Government Level
Ward Level
Technicians / Extension Workers
5
Basin Level
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National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
ANNEX E: WATER POINT FUNCTIONALITY STATUS
Functionality of Water Points
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25
Region
FN
% of FN
Dar es Salaam
927
85
Lindi
1258
Pwani
1710
Mtwara
1083
65
69
Morogoro
5966
Mtwara
NF
% of NF
Total
Rating
164
15
1091
791
39
2049
41
>30
1064
2620
498
31
1581
>30
>30
77
1736
23
7702
5628
83
1151
17
6779
Kilimanjaro
4533
73
1684
27
6217
Tanga
4323
271
6
4594
1
Dodoma
2613
94
84
457
15
3116
3
Manyara
2456
542
18
2998
Geita
1179
82
76
373
24
1552
Singida
1407
57
1068
43
2475
Kigoma
3791
75
993
20
5076
Tabora
3045
74
1045
26
4090
Katavi
473
192
29
665
Iringa
1421
71
90
154
10
1579
Njombe
465
79
122
21
587
Mbeya
7141
77
2136
23
9265
Rukwa
1069
64
691
42
1662
Ruvuma
3288
70
1383
29
4691
Kagera
Mara
3321
1271
28
4527
1964
73
65
1038
35
3002
Mwanza
2066
69
915
31
2981
Shinyanga
2143
80
523
20
2666
Simiyu
2711
75
889
25
3600
Total
61
21619
82
87165
3
<16
<16
<16
>30
2
<16
>30
>30
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
A Graph showing Functionality Status
Functional and NF Water Point up to March 2014
8000
7000
6000
5000
Region
4000
FN
NF
3000
2000
1000
0
1. 3. 5. 7. 9.
11. 13. 15. 17. 19. 21. 23. 25
83
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
84
National Rural Water Sustainability Strategy, Ministry of Water, Dar es salaam-Tanzania, 2015-2020
ANNEX E: COVERAGE TREND BY YEAR FROM 2005 to 2011
Coverage trend by year from 2005 to 2012
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
No. Of People with access District
to water Supply in Rural Distribution
Areas (Ps)
(Dp)
16,308.651
18,798,723
21, 675,360
22,790,460
19,685,659
20,545,945
20,634,227
22,443,769
33,995,135
33,767,106
38,337,892
39,105,062
33,536,205
33,569,876
36,474,939
39,413,223
% of Rural Water
Service
Coverage
Wc=PC/Dp*100
53.74
55.7
57.10
58. 3
58.70
57.76
56.57
57
No of people coverage in terms of people with Access to Water
Supply from 2005-2012
85