Name:___________________________ Date:______________ Period:_______
Benchmark 3 Life Science Study guide
S7L2a. Explain that cells take in nutrients in order to grow and divide and to make needed materials.
Know the definition for: passive transport, diffusion, equilibrium, osmosis, active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis
1. How does water move into and out of cells? __________________________________________________________
2. What is needed to move particles from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration? ________________
3. How is endocytosis different from exocytosis? How are they similar? ________________________________________
4. How is osmosis related to diffusion? __________________________________________________________________
5. What are the difference between active and passive transport? ____________________________________________
6. In which cell structures do photosynthesis take place? ____________________________________________________
7. What two materials are produced during photosynthesis? _________________________________________________
8. What two materials are needed for cellular respiration? __________________________________________________
9. What three things are produced during cellular respiration? _______________________________________________
10. How do the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration work together? ____________________________
11. What process occurs when there isn’t enough oxygen but glucose must still be created? _______________________
12. What is it called when cells use energy to move molecules? ______________________________________________
13. What is the source of energy for the photosynthesis reactions? ___________________________________________
14. Where do the photosynthesis reactions take place in a cell? ______________________________________________
S7L2c. Explain that cells are organized into tissues, tissues into organs, organs into systems, and
systems into organisms.
Know the definition for: cell, tissue, organ, organ system
15. What are the levels of organization from smallest to largest? _________________________________________________
16. Could an organism have organs but no tissues? Explain. _________________________________________________
17. How are structure and function different? ____________________________________________________________
18. What do groups of different tissues form? ______________________________________________
19. What is a group of similar cells that work together? _____________________________________________________
S7L5a,b,c. Students will examine the evolution of living organisms through inherited characteristics
that promote survival of organisms and the survival of successive generations of their offspring.
Know the definition of: species, evolution, natural selection, variation, adaptation, sedimentary rock, embryology,
homologous, vestigial structure.
20. Give an example of a behavior that could help an organism survive. _______________________________________
21. How do fossils give evidence that organisms have changed over time? ______________________________________
22. How do scientists compare prehistoric organisms? ______________________________________________________
23. What did Darwin observe about the finches on the Galapagos Islands? _____________________________________
24. How does natural selection different from selective breeding? ____________________________________________
25. What is an example of adaptation? __________________________________________________________________
26. What do homologous structures, vestigial structures, and fossils provide evidence of? _________________________
S7L1. Students will investigate the diversity of living organisms through inherited characteristics that
promote survival of organisms and the survival of successive generations of their offspring.
Know the definition of: taxonomy, kingdom binomial nomenclature, genus, dichotomous key, prokaryotic, eukaryotic,
sexual, asexual, autotroph, heterotroph, taxonomy.
27. How do scientists classify organisms? __________________________________________________________
28. What are the two parts of a scientific name? ___________________________________________________
29. Give the eight levels of classification from the largest to the smallest.
30. How are members of Archaebacteria different from Eubacteria? _____________________________________
31. How do fungi get food? _______________________________________________________________________
32. How do prokaryotes reproduce? ________________________________________________________________
33. What is the science of classifying organisms? ________________________________________________________
Name:___________________________ Date:______________ Period:_______
34. Write your answer inside of the box.
Coral Reef Fish Key
Fish Shape - Classification 1
If fish shape is long and skinny then go to step 2.
If fish shape is not long and skinny, then go to step 3.
Fins – Classification 2
If fish has pointed fins, it is a trumpet fish.
If fish has smooth fins, it is a spotted moray eel.
Eyes - Classification 3
If fish has both eyes on top of the head, then go to step 4.
If fish has one eye on each side of the head, then go to step 5.
Tail – Classification 4
If fish has long whip-like tail, it is a spotted eagle ray.
If fish has short, blunt tail, it is a peacock flounder.
Spots – Classification 5
If fish has spots, then go to step 6.
If fish does not have spots, then go to step 7.
“Whiskers” – Classification 6
If fish has chin "whiskers," it is a spotted goat fish.
If fish does not have chin "whiskers," it is a band-tail.
Stripes – Classification 7
If fish has stripes, then go to step 8.
If fish does not have stripes, it is a glassy sweeper.
Tail – Classification 8
If fish has a v-shaped tail, it is a squirrel fish.
If fish has a blunt tail, it is a glass-eye snapper.
Name:___________________________ Date:______________ Period:_______
S7L3a,b&c Students will recognize how biological traits are passed onto successive generations.
Know the definition of: heredity, allele, genetics, hybrid, dominant, recessive, Punnett Square, genotype,
phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous, gene, genetic engineering, selective breeding.
44. What kind of alleles does a heterozygous individual have? Give an example. _________________________________
45. How are genes and alleles related? __________________________________________________________________
46. Manipulating the arrangement of DNA that makes up a gene is called ______________________________________
47. Down syndrome is an example of ____________________________________________________________________
For each genotype, indicate whether it is heterozygous (HE) or homozygous (HO)
48. AA ____ 49. Bb ____ 50. Cc ____ 51. GG ____ 52. Ii ____ 53. Jj ____
For each of the genotypes below, determine the phenotype.
Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers
Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes
54. PP ___________________________
57. BB ___________________________
55. Pp ___________________________
58. Bb ___________________________
56. pp ___________________________
59. bb ___________________________
Practice with Punnett Squares. Show all work!
60. A TT (tall) plant is crossed with a tt (short plant). What percentage of the offspring will be tall? ___________
61. A Tt plant is crossed with a Tt plant. What percentage of the offspring will be short? ______
62. A heterozygous round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a homozygous round seeded plant (RR). What
percentage of the offspring will be homozygous (RR)? ____________
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In which part of a tree does photosynthesis take place?
a. In the leaves
b. in the flowers
c. in the bark
d. in the roots
Which body system is represented by the picture to the right?
a. respiratory system b. circulatory system
c. digestive system
d. excretory system
Each form of a gene is an allele. The alleles for human blood type are A, B, and O. Both the allele for type A blood and type B blood are
dominant. The allele for type O blood is recessive. What blood type will a person have if he inherits an allele for type A and an allele for
type O?
a. Type A
b. Type B
c. Type AB
d. Type O
On a peacock farm, a large batch of eggs hatch and the owner discovers that a few of the chicks are white instead of blue. Since white
chicks can be sold for more money than blue chicks, the owner wants to raise more white peacocks. What should he do?
a. He should continue breeding the peacocks the same way.
b. He should always be sure to cross blue peacocks with white peacocks.
c. He should isolate the white peacocks and allow them to breed only with each other.
d. He should bleach the feathers of the blue peacocks before allowing them to breed with any white peacocks.
Which names the physical expression of a genetic trait?
a. Mutation b. phenotype
c. chromosome
d. genotype
Which is NOT a basic life function of all living things?
a. Reproduction
c. growth and development
b. Movement from one place to another
d. excretion of waste
Spirogyra are green algae that reproduce sexually. Which feature identifies the reproduction of Spirogyra as sexual?
a. The cells of parent algae have nuclei.
c. Several offspring may be produced at once.
b. Each offspring contains chloroplasts.
d. Genetic material is contributed by two parent cells.
By definition, which level of biological organization is most complex?
a. Organelle
b. tissue
c. organ
d. cell
Which best tells why a produce farmer might use selective breeding?
a. To increase rainfall to the region
c. To increase the average daily temperature
b. To increase the market value of the crop
d. To increase the cost of living for his family
Which structure in a plant cell regulates pressure to keep the plant from wilting?
a. Nucleus
b. cytoplasm
c. chloroplast
d. large vacuole
Which does not have tissues?
a. An apple tree
b. a single-celled organism c. an earthworm
d. a flightless bird
Which of the following names specialized cells that are similar in structure and usually joined together?
a. Tissue
b. organ
c. organism
d. organ system
At what level of biological organization is the eye?
a. Cell
b. tissue
c. organ
d. organism