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Name ___________________________ Period __________ Science Spring Final Pretest Study Guide 1. What is an atomic number? ________ 2. What is mass number? ________ 3. How many protons are in Carbon? _______ 4. How many neutrons are in Carbon? _______ 5. How many electron are in Carbon? _______ 6. Draw an atom with atomic number 2. (Include Protons, Neutrons, Electrons) 7. Draw an element box with an atom that has a mass number of 7 and atomic number 3 and make sure to name the element. 8. Draw an atom with a mass number of 7 and atomic number 3 and label all the parts: Nucleus, Protons, Electrons, Neutrons, shell 9. Write the charge for each particle of the atom. (Positive, Negative, Neutral) a. Electron –________ b. Neutron –________ c. Proton– ________ 10. Which particles of the atom have the most mass? Protons Neutrons Electrons 11. If a neutral atom has a mass number of 50 and an atomic number of 20, how many protons, electrons, and neutrons does it have? 12. The class watched a video of a match burning. The match became a pile of ashes. The mass of the ashes was less than the mass of the match before it burned. What can the class conclude based on the law of conservation of mass? 13. Draw how the particles will be spaced out for a solid, liquid, and gas. 14. Describe the motion of the particles for a solid, liquid, and gas. 15. Balance the following equations: HCl + Na2S-­‐à H2S + NaCl Al + Cl2 à AlCl3 16. What is the Law of Conservation of Mass? 17. What is the difference between a Physical Change, and a Chemical Change? 18. What is an endothermic reaction? 19. What is an exothermic reaction? 20. What is a compound? Write an example of a compound. 21. Is a change of state a physical change, or chemical change? Explain your answer.(ex: Ice to water) 22. Describe what makes an acid, an acid. _______________________________________________________________________ 23. Describe what makes a base, a base. _______________________________________________________________________ 24. Draw a 14 point pH scale and label where neutral is, where the acids are, and where the bases are. _______________________________________________________ 25. What is stronger, an acid of 2, or an acid of 5. Explain your answer. 26. What is stronger, a base of 9, or a base of 13. Explain your answer. Numbers 24-­‐31 you can find the answers in the 7th grade Life Science text book 27. Describe natural selection and give an example of it. 28. Using the picture from above. You see the bone structure of a human arm, a bird’s wing, the flipper of a Whale, and the leg of a horse, and they all have similar bone structures (Homologous structures). What does this tell you about the different species? 29. Describe Darwin’s Theory of Evolution using bird beaks as an example in your answer. 30. What is a mutation? Give an example 31. What is a genotype? 32. What is a phenotype? 33. Draw a Punnett Square for Guinea pigs short fur and long fur. Dominant gene: short fur (F) Recessive gene: long fur (f) Parents: Ff x ff What are the odds for short fur and long fur children? What is the genotype? What is the phenotype? Genotype Phenotype Percentage 34. What is the chromosome configuration for a male? What is the chromosome configuration for a female?