The Stuff of Everything…
…even water and life
What is matter?
Three Properties of Matter:
has mass
2. takes up space
3. shows inertia
(force needed to change
motion)
1.
What is matter?
Four states of matter:
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
4. Plasma
Can matter change?
Matter can change in two ways:
Physical – a change in the
appearance or state of matter
2. Chemical – a change in the
chemical make-up of matter
1.
Can matter change?
P
Melting Ice
C
Burning
Wood
C
Rusting
Iron
C
Animal
Decaying
P
Water
Freezing
C
Rotting
Wood
C
Souring
Milk
C
Enzymes
Digesting
Food
P
Water
Evaporating
P
Making
Glass from
Sand
P
Water
Boiling
P
Salt
Dissolving
in Water
What is matter made of?
Composition of matter:
Elements
2. Compounds
3. Mixtures
1.
What is an element?
An element is a basic substance
of matter and cannot be broken
down by chemical means.
There are about 90 naturally
occurring elements. 117 have been
discovered.
What is an element?
Elements are represented by
chemical symbols (letters) shown
in the Periodic Table of the
Elements.
Common Elements of Life
Name
Hydrogen
Symbol
H
Name
Phosphorus
Symbol
P
Oxygen
O
Potassium
K
Carbon
C
Sulfur
S
Sodium
Na
Calcium
Ca
Chlorine
Cl
Iron
Fe
Nitrogen
N
Magnesium
Mg
What is an element?
The smallest unit of an element is
an atom.
Atoms are the building blocks of
matter.
What is an atom?
Atom
Electron
Proton
Neutron
Nucleus
What is an atom?
Atoms have 3 subatomic particles:
Particle
Charge Mass
Proton
+
1
Neutron
0
1
Electron
-
0
Function
Symbol
Location
Add
mass
Add
mass
Bonding
p+
Nucleus
N
Nucleus
e-
Electron
Cloud
What is an atom?
Electrons orbit atoms in levels
called shells.
Atoms like to have their shells
filled.
What is an atom?
K or 1st Shell – closest to the
nucleus holding up to 2 electrons
L or 2nd Shell – can hold up to a
maximum of 8 electrons
M or 3rd shell – can hold up to a
maximum of 18 electrons
What is an atom?
The number of protons (atomic
number) in an atom will
determine its elemental properties.
The periodic table of the elements
shows known elements by their
atomic number.
What is an atom?
In atoms, the number of protons
equals the number of electrons
giving the atom an overall neutral
charge.
The number of protons plus
neutrons in an atom is the atomic
mass number.
Using The Periodic Table
1
Atomic Number
H
Element Symbol
Hydrogen
1.0079
Element Name
Atomic Mass
Using The Periodic Table
Atomic Number
Mass Number
Number of protons
Number of electrons
Number of Neutrons
=8
= 16
=8
=8
=8
8
8
Using The Periodic Table
Element Atomic Mass
# of
# of
# of
Number Number protons electrons neutrons
Calcium
20
40
20
20
20
Silver
47
108
47
47
61
Gold
79
197
79
79
118
Uranium
92
238
92
92
146