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University of Puerto Rico at Bayamón
English 3202
Spring 2015
Prof. Davieliz Villafañe Colón
Example of an Indirect Citation:
The help offered by the government to individuals who belong to the lowest income
classes seems to be misconceived. According to the New York Times article “Aid to Needy
Often Excludes the Poorest in America,” the individuals who can apply for government aid are
those who are employed but win a very low salary to cover of all of their living expenses,
including basic needs (Cohen, 2015, p. 1).
Example of a Direct Citation:
The American government seems to have reduced the aid they offer to low-income
populations inadvertently, leading to social confrontations within groups that should be seen as
equal in terms of definition and classification:
…Ms. Saunders has a job, and Mr. Constance does not. And therein lies a tale of a
profound shift in government support for low-income Americans at a time when
stagnating wages and unstable schedules have kept many workers living near or below
the poverty line.
Assistance to needy Americans has grown at a gallop since the mid-1980s, giving
a hand up to the disabled, the working poor and married couples with children. At the
same time, though, government aid directed at the nation’s poorest individuals has
shrunk. (p. 1)