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Psychology 40S Test: Sensation and Perception Name:__________________________
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Miranda and Joy are about to swim in a cool lake. Miranda jumps in and shortly thereafter experiences
adaptation to the cool water. What is she most likely to say?
a. "It's nice once you get used to it."
b. "It feels as cold now as when I first jumped in."
c. "Amazing! This doesn't even feel like cool water."
d. "The water seems to have gotten colder."
2. What do radio waves, X-rays, TV waves, and light waves all have in common? They are all:
a. located at the shorter end of the electromagnetic energy spectrum
b. forms of electromagnetic energy
c. examples of ultra-violet waves
d. in the invisible spectrum
3. The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that receptors in the eye are sensitive to is referred to as the ____
spectrum.
a. visible
b. light
c. upper
d. lower
4. The path that the light takes through your eye is:
a. cornea; pupil; lens; retina
b. pupil; lens; retina
c. lens; cornea; pupil; retina
d. lens, fovea; cornea; retina
5. When you look at objects in dim light, the objects lack color and clarity because:
a. cones are unable to see colors
b. of the process of light adaptation
c. the optic nerve does not register wavelengths of light when it is dark
d. rods do not distinguish colors or fine details
6. A car accident completely destroys Ann's primary visual cortex. The most likely effect of the accident is that
Ann will:
a. experience double vision
b. be virtually blind
c. lose color but not black-and-white vision
d. be able to see close objects but not distant ones
7. An individual who has only one kind of functioning cone will have:
a. night blindness
b. dichromatic color blindness
c. total color blindness
d. problems with light adaptation
8. People who are color blind:
a. discover their problem as soon as they learn to label colors verbally
b. may not discover their problem until later in life
c. usually have their problem discovered for them by their parents at an early age
d. usually have their problem discovered when they start school
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9. Vibrations of the eardrum set in motion three small bones in the middle ear. These are:
a. cochlea, basilar membrane, oval window
b. hammer, anvil, stirrup
c. stirrup, oval window, canal
d. anvil, cochlea, hammer
10. The function of the cochlea is to:
a. transform vibrations into nerve impulses
b. move fluid forward toward the oval window
c. house the hammer, anvil, and stirrup
d. house the band of fibers called the auditory nerve
11. Motion sickness is probably caused by:
a. a sensory mismatch between the information from the vestibular system and the eyes
b. the violent bouncing around of the head during a rough stretch of road
c. individual personality factors
d. drug use
12. According to Module Five, recent research shows that ____ can help to reduce the symptoms of motion
sickness.
a. garlic
b. aspirin
c. special breathing techniques
d. L-dopa
13. How many basic tastes can people respond to?
a. three
b. five
c. seven
d. nine
14. Free nerve endings:
a. can transmit information about temperature and pain
b. respond when hairs on the skin are bent or pulled up
c. are the only receptors to respond to vibration
d. have a protective structure surrounding them
15. One of the strongest placebo effects involves:
a. reducing body temperature
b. relieving pain
c. relieving stomach cramps
d. reducing depression
16. In the double-blind procedure:
a. there are blinds (screens) separating the researchers from the subjects
b. both researchers and subjects wear blindfolds in order to guarantee privacy
c. subjects first receive the treatment, then later receive a placebo
d. neither the researchers nor the subjects know who is receiving what treatment
17. Chemicals produced in the brain that have many of the same properties as morphine are called:
a. opsins
b. endocrines
c. endorphins
d. estrogens
18. According to a study describing in Module Five, patients with jaw pain who received a placebo injection:
a. experienced an increase in REI sleep
b. showed increased levels of endorphins
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c. showed decreased levels of endorphins
d. reported less dread
Can the ancient Oriental procedure called acupuncture actually relieve pain? Modern science says:
a. yes, because there are some mysteries Western science is not equipped to explain
b. perhaps, because stimulation of certain points may cause the secretion of endorphins
c. no, because there cannot be a relationship between twirling needles in the skin and pain
caused by the nervous system
d. no, because there is no research to date that supports acupuncture
Jerry, the man described in Module Five who had electrodes implanted in his visual cortex could see:
a. patches of colors
b. outlines of large objects
c. and navigate around objects
d. shades of light
Conduction deafness differs from neural deafness in that:
a. the former cannot be helped
b. the latter cannot be helped
c. the former can be helped with an external hearing aid
d. the latter can be helped with an external hearing aid
Neural deafness is caused by:
a. the presence of wax in the auditory canal
b. injury to the tympanic membrane
c. malfunction of the ossicles
d. damage to the hair cells
A quality inspector at the local manufacturing plant carefully examines a product for flaws using a special
light. The flaws show up as dark green spots of light. For this inspector, the ____ is the point at which a flaw
can be detected.
a. threshold
b. JND
c. gestalt
d. subliminal threshold
As part of a psychology experiment, Linda sits in a small, completely darkened room and looks through an
apparatus. At the sound of a tone, she is exposed to a brief flash of light. These lights vary in intensity. After
each tone, she reports whether she saw the flash. The intensity of light that Linda perceives 50 percent of the
time is her:
a. just noticeable difference
b. Weber's constant
c. absolute threshold
d. subliminal limit
When sensation occurs, we:
a. become aware of the stimulus's meaning and significance
b. perceive
c. experience an activation of our sensory receptors
d. are acutely aware of inconsistencies in our physical environment
Craig is taking his family for a car ride. His three-year-old, Katy, and Noelle, who is seven months old, are
both looking out the side windows at approaching cars. Noelle sees bright flashes of lights, while Katy
understands that the flashes of lights are cars. Which of the girls' experiences in the best example of
perception and why?
a. Katy because she makes sense out of the flashes of lights
b. Noelle since she is capable of detecting bright flashes of lights
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c. Katy because her sensory receptors are being stimulated by the lights
d. Noelle because her sensory receptors are transmitting information to her brain
Which type of music is most likely to lower your anxiety levels?
a. soft rock
b. classical
c. jazz
d. your favorite
The principle of proximity states that:
a. we think things are close together if they look similar
b. if things are close together when they are in our field of vision, we assume they will stay
close together when they leave our sight
c. if we stare at a random collection of objects long enough, they will appear to merge with
one another
d. we tend to group together objects that are close to one another physically
A perceptual constancy is defined as the:
a. tendency for all persons to see the world in the same manner
b. ability for several different sensory images to form a perception at the same time
c. tendency to perceive things as unchanging, even though they are changing on the retina
d. ability to utilize only one sense, even though multiple sensations are being experienced
What term describes our tendency to perceive sizes, shapes, and colors as remaining the same even though
their physical characteristics keep changing?
a. convergence
b. organizational constancy
c. retinal constancy
d. perceptual constancy
A person who is blind in one eye uses more ____ cues than ____ cues.
a. memory; perceptual
b. binocular; monocular
c. monocular; binocular
d. inferential; stimulus
Based on research, subliminal messages can:
a. prevent self-fulfilling prophecies from occurring
b. persuade us to buy specific items
c. influence emotional and cognitive processes
d. help us to modify behavior
Bem and Honorton report data that support telepathy. The most prudent response to this study is to:
a. conclude that ESP is a reliable phenomenon
b. wait and see if the results can be replicated by someone else
c. judge that Bem and Honorton are frauds
d. question the subjects in the study about their experiences
A computer-generated illusionary experience is called:
a. apparent motion
b. a phi movement
c. virtual reality
d. a motion parallax
Our first impression of other people is influenced by:
a. figure-ground
b. principles of perceptual organization
c. controlled process
d. their facial features
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____ 36. The process that refers to changing physical energy into electrical signals is called agnosia.
____ 37. Farsightedness is due to the eyeball being too short.
____ 38. The photoreceptors in your eye are called rods and cones.
____ 39. The trichromatic theory of color vision asserts that there are three kinds of cones in the eye.
____ 40. The rods and cones of the cochlea are stimulated by fluid resulting in nerve messages.
____ 41. Endorphins are produced in situations that involve fear, stress, or injury.
____ 42. Our perceptions are typically exact replicas of the original stimuli.
____ 43. The structuralists say that perceptions are really made up of individual basic elements.
____ 44. According to the gestalt psychologists, perception occurs because of the brain's ability to organize sensations
according to rules.
____ 45. When the image of a stimulus changes shape or size on the retina, we perceive the actual stimulus to be
changing.
____ 46. Linear perspective is a monocular depth cue.
____ 47. A full moon high in the sky is perceived to be closer to you than a moon on the horizon.
____ 48. Testimonial evidence provides hard scientific evidence that ESP exists.
____ 49. A tool that ESP researchers have to determine the reliability of psi phenomenon is replication.
____ 50. Recent research suggests that robotic surgery introduces too much error and is dangerous.
Psychology 40S Test: Sensation and Perception
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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A
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 93
Introduction MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 94
Eye: Vision MSC: TYPE: Factual
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: p. 94
Eye: Vision MSC: TYPE: Factual
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 95
Eye: Vision MSC: TYPE: Factual
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 96
Eye: Vision MSC: TYPE: Applied
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 97
Eye: Vision MSC: TYPE: Applied
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 99
Eye: Vision MSC: TYPE: Factual
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 99
Eye: Vision MSC: TYPE: Factual
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 102
Ear: Audition
MSC: TYPE: Factual
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 102
Ear: Audition
KEY: Power Study/Study Guide 5-14
TYPE: Factual
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 105
Vestibular System
KEY: Power Study/Study Guide 5-16
TYPE: Factual
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 105
Vestibular System
MSC: TYPE: Factual
New
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 106
Chemical Senses
MSC: TYPE: Factual
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 108
Touch
MSC: TYPE: Factual
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 111
Research Focus: Mind over Body? MSC: TYPE: Factual
New
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 111
Research Focus: Mind over Body? KEY: Power Study/Study Guide 5-22
TYPE: Factual
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 113
Pain
MSC: TYPE: Factual
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 113
Pain
MSC: TYPE: Factual
NOT: New
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: p. 113
Pain
KEY: Power Study/Study Guide 5-24
MSC: TYPE: Factual
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PTS: 1
DIF:
Application: Artificial Senses
MSC:
New
C
PTS: 1
DIF:
Application: Artificial Senses
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PTS: 1
DIF:
Application: Artificial Senses
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A
PTS: 1
DIF:
Perceptual Thresholds
KEY:
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PTS: 1
DIF:
Perceptual Thresholds
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DIF:
Sensation vs Perception
MSC:
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DIF:
Sensation vs Perception
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DIF:
Sensation vs Perception
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New
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Rules of Organization
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Perceptual Constancy
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Perceptual Constancy
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Depth Perception
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Research Focus: Subliminal Perception
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ESP: Extrasensory Perception
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Application: Creating Perceptions MSC:
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PTS: 1
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Application: Creating Perceptions MSC:
Easy
REF: p. 114
TYPE: Factual
Easy
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Easy
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Easy
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Website
MSC:
Moderate
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TYPE: Applied
Moderate
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TYPE: Factual
Moderate
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TYPE: Applied
Moderate
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TYPE: Factual
p. 115
Easy
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TYPE: Factual
Easy
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Easy
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TYPE: Factual
Moderate
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Website
MSC:
Easy
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Easy
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TYPE: Conceptual
Easy
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TYPE: Factual
Easy
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TYPE: Factual
p. 127
TRUE/FALSE
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p. 115
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TYPE: Factual
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TYPE: Conceptual
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TYPE: Factual
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KEY: Website
KEY: Website