Case 2:12-cv-03108-TOR Document 164 Filed 03/19/15 1 2 3 4 5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 6 7 ROGELIO MONTES, et al., NO: 12-CV-3108-TOR 8 Plaintiffs, 9 10 ORDER DENYING RECONSIDERATION v. CITY OF YAKIMA, et al., 11 Defendants. 12 BEFORE THE COURT are FairVote’s Motion for Reconsideration (ECF 13 14 No. 156) and Defendants’ Motion for Reconsideration (ECF No. 162). Defendants 15 are represented by Francis S. Floyd. FairVote is represented by Christopher G. 16 Emch and Andrew P. Spencer. This matter was submitted for consideration 17 without oral argument. The Court has reviewed the briefing, the record, and files 18 herein, and is fully informed. 19 // 20 // ORDER DENYING RECONSIDERATION ~ 1 Case 2:12-cv-03108-TOR Document 164 Filed 03/19/15 1 BACKGROUND 2 On August 22, 2014, the Court granted Plaintiffs’ motion for summary 3 judgment, concluding that the existing electoral system in Yakima violated Section 4 2 of the Voting Rights Act, 52 U.S.C. § 10301, and ordered the parties to jointly 5 file a proposed remedial districting plan. ECF No. 108. The parties did not come 6 to agreement on a districting plan and submitted opposing plans. ECF Nos. 113; 7 117. FairVote proposed a third remedial plan as amicus curiae. ECF No. 126. On 8 February 17, 2015, the Court issued a Final Injunction evaluating the proposed 9 plans and adopting Plaintiffs’ plan as the only plan which effectively remedied the 10 Section 2 violation. ECF No. 143. Defendants and FairVote now request the 11 Court to reconsider the Final Injunction. ECF Nos. 156; 162. 12 DISCUSSION 13 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 59(e) allows a court to consider a motion to 14 alter or amend a judgment filed within twenty-eight days of the entry of judgment. 15 “Amendment or alteration is appropriate under Rule 59(e) if (1) the district court is 16 presented with newly discovered evidence, (2) the district court committed clear 17 error or made an initial decision that was manifestly unjust, or (3) there is an 18 intervening change in controlling law.” Zimmerman v. City of Oakland, 255 F.3d 19 734, 740 (9th Cir. 2001). In such a motion, a district court need not consider legal 20 arguments made for the first time or facts introduced for the first time unless they ORDER DENYING RECONSIDERATION ~ 2 Case 2:12-cv-03108-TOR Document 164 Filed 03/19/15 1 were previously unavailable. Id. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(6) allows 2 a court to relieve a party from a judgment for “any other reason that justifies 3 relief.” Relief under Rule 60(b)(6) requires the movant to show “extraordinary 4 circumstances.” Gonzalez v. Crosby, 545 U.S. 524, 535 (2005). 5 In the Court’s November 2, 2012, scheduling order, the Court notified the 6 parties that “Motions to Reconsider are disfavored. Motions must show manifest 7 error in the prior ruling or reveal new facts or legal authority which could not have 8 been brought to the Court’s attention earlier. . . . No response to a motion for 9 reconsideration shall be filed unless required by the Court. No motion for 10 reconsideration shall be granted without such a request by the Court.” ECF No. 24 11 at 7–8. For the following reasons, the Court denies the motions to reconsider 12 without requesting a response from Plaintiffs. 13 Defendants assert first that the Court’s Final Injunction was manifestly 14 unjust because it requires three council members to stand for election two years 15 earlier than they would have under the current, unconstitutional electoral system. 16 The Court thoroughly considered the equitable factors in reaching its conclusion. 17 While Defendants may disagree with the Court’s evaluation, they have not shown 18 that the Court’s conclusion was unjust given the compelling remedial goal of 19 providing a complete remedy to the Section 2 violation before the upcoming 20 ORDER DENYING RECONSIDERATION ~ 3 Case 2:12-cv-03108-TOR Document 164 Filed 03/19/15 1 elections.1 Defendants’ propose a new alternative method of implementation to 2 allow three council members who have been elected under a flawed system to 3 retain their seats for two more years. ECF No. 162 at 4–5 (proposing that Mayor 4 Cawley and Council members Ettl and Lover remain through 2017 and that 5 districts 2, 4, and 7 would then be up for election). The Court rejects this proposal 6 because that would effectively bar residents in three newly created districts 7 (districts 2, 4, and 7) from even participating in the electoral process for another 8 two years. That is not an effective remedy to the long standing Section 2 violation 9 here. 10 Defendants assert second that the Court clearly erred by not sua sponte 11 incorporating a primary into Defendants’ proposed at-large electoral scheme. ECF 12 No. 162 at 6–8. Defendants contend that this would have created an electoral 13 1 The Court notes Defendants’ concern that “the available time to introduce 14 Plaintiffs’ plan is short.” ECF No. 162 at 5. The Court shares this concern and 15 directs Defendants’ attention to the Court’s order that “Defendants shall take all 16 steps necessary to implement the seven single-member district plan” before the 17 August primaries. ECF No. 34 at 34–35. The Court has issued this Order in an 18 expedited manner to provide the City with the maximum opportunity to prepare for 19 the upcoming elections. 20 ORDER DENYING RECONSIDERATION ~ 4 Case 2:12-cv-03108-TOR Document 164 Filed 03/19/15 1 system that conforms to Washington law. FairVote joins this argument in regard 2 to its own proposed at-large electoral system. ECF No. 156 at 4–5. Neither party 3 presented this argument in their proposed remedy or in their responses to 4 Plaintiffs’ contention that a primary is required by Washington law. The Court 5 will not consider arguments presented for the first time in a motion to reconsider. 6 Zimmerman, 255 F.3d at 740. Moreover, including a city-wide primary for 7 Defendants’ proposed two-seat at-large district would result in a virtually identical 8 electoral system to the current system which the Court concluded 9 unconstitutionally diluted the Latino vote. See ECF No. 108. As such, it would 10 not be an effective remedy to the Section 2 violation, but would simply perpetuate 11 the dilution of the Latino vote. 12 Third, Defendants and FairVote contend the Court did not properly apply the 13 threshold of exclusion to their proposed at-large electoral systems. ECF Nos. 156 14 at 5–7; 162 at 8–10. They argue that the Court did not factor in how cross-over 15 voting would reduce the Latino vote required to elect Latino-preferred candidates. 16 In reaching its conclusions in the Final Injunction, the Court considered, but 17 rejected, this argument. In this litigation, the parties have presented evidence that 18 cross-over voting has occurred in Yakima, but the estimated percentage of cross- 19 over voting varies greatly. Defendants and FairVote failed to marshal sufficiently 20 consistent and persuasive evidence to show that cross-over voting is so prevalent in ORDER DENYING RECONSIDERATION ~ 5 Case 2:12-cv-03108-TOR Document 164 Filed 03/19/15 1 Yakima that it will necessarily afford Latinos a genuine opportunity to elect a 2 candidate. Isolated results from two at-large elections in which a Latino candidate 3 came in second place are too uncertain for the Court’s remedy to be premised upon 4 them. The plans presented by Defendants and FairVote require a substantial 5 amount of cross-over voting in order to be effective remedies to the Section 2 6 violation.2 The record does not clearly establish such cross-over voting occurs on a 7 regular basis at a sufficiently high rate. The Court concluded that the rates were 8 too variable to be the deciding factor in determining an effective remedy. The 9 parties have not shown the Court clearly erred in reaching this conclusion. 10 Finally, FairVote contends that the Court clearly erred in concluding that 11 FairVote’s proposed plan was not an effective remedy because the district map 12 provided to represent that plan did not include a majority Latino CVAP district. 13 ECF No. 156 at 8–9. FairVote argues that it “unequivocally proposed that one of 14 the single-seat districts be ‘majority-Latino.’” Id. at 8. FairVote also argues that it 15 was the City, not FairVote, who drew the map submitted to the Court, and that a 16 majority Latino CVAP district could be drawn. Id. at 8–9. However, no such map 17 was submitted to the Court in the substantial amount of briefing related to the 18 proposed plans. The Court will not consider new evidence of a potential district 19 2 This holds especially true for Defendants’ proposed two-seat at-large system. 20 ORDER DENYING RECONSIDERATION ~ 6 Case 2:12-cv-03108-TOR Document 164 Filed 03/19/15 1 that could have, but was not presented prior to the Final Injunction—a motion to 2 reconsider is not an opportunity to submit potential remedial maps. See 3 Zimmerman, 255 F.3d at 740 (“[A] party that fails to introduce facts in a motion or 4 opposition cannot introduce them later in a motion to amend by claiming that they 5 constitute ‘newly discovered evidence’ unless they were previously unavailable.”). 6 Moreover, providing a majority Latino CVAP district would fix only one of the 7 problems the Court identified with FairVote’s proposed plan. Without also 8 addressing the other problems, a proposed plan with a majority Latino CVAP 9 district would still not be a complete remedy for the Section 2 violation. 10 Defendants and FairVote have not established that the Court committed 11 clear error in the Final Injunction. They have also not established extraordinary 12 circumstances warranting relief from the Final Injunction and Judgment. 13 // 14 // 15 // 16 // 17 // 18 // 19 // 20 // ORDER DENYING RECONSIDERATION ~ 7 Case 2:12-cv-03108-TOR 1 Document 164 Filed 03/19/15 ACCORDINGLY, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED: 2 1. FairVote’s Motion for Reconsideration (ECF No. 156) is DENIED. 3 2. Defendants’ Motion for Reconsideration (ECF No. 162) is DENIED. 4 3. The hearing set for April 16, 2015 without oral argument is vacated as 5 6 7 8 moot. The District Court Executive is hereby directed to enter this Order and provide copies to counsel. DATED March 19, 2015. 9 10 THOMAS O. RICE United States District Judge 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ORDER DENYING RECONSIDERATION ~ 8
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