1. No category

Efficacy of Disinfectants Against Fungal,
Bacterial, Virus and Viroid Pathogens of
Tomatoes on Greenhouse Tools
Sally Miller (OSU), F. Baysal-Gurel (OSU), K.-S Ling (USDA ARS) R. Li
(USDA ARS), C. Kurowski (Monsanto Vegetable Seeds)
Presented by Karin Tifft, Greenhouse Vegetable Consultants, LLC
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
OHIO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
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Mechanically Transmitted Pathogens
• High risk to crop health
• Most may also be seedborne
• Most risky pathogens:
• Clavibacter michiganensis
subsp. michiganensis
• Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV)
Bacterial canker
• Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV)
• Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
PepMV
• Viroids
• Botrytis
Viroid
Botrytis
Photo Kai-Shu Ling, USDA-ARS
ToMV
Photo Fulya Baysal-Gurel,
2
Grafting
BumbleOHIO
bees
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Intercropping
De-leafing
3
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
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Managing by Sanitation
SANITATION
•
An established
cultural practice
• Reduce or eliminate
inoculum
•
How effective are
common
disinfectants in killing
mechanically
transmitted
pathogens during
grafting and crop
work?
4
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
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Requirements for Sanitizers
• Very short contact time (seconds)
• Broadly effective against viruses, viroids, bacteria
and fungi
• Not harmful to workers
• Not corrosive to infrastructure or phytotoxic to
plants
• Economical
5
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
OHIO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER
Testing Sanitizers for Efficacy Against
Mechanically Transmitted Tomato Pathogens
• Targets
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bacterial canker (Clavibacter – Cmm)
Botrytis grey mold
Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV)
Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV)
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd)
• Common Disinfectants
•
•
•
•
Alcohols (e. g. ethanol, isopropanol)
Halogens (e.g. chlorine bleach)
Peroxides (e.g. Virkon)
Quaternary ammonium (e.g. KleenGrow)
6
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
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Automated Delivery of Disinfectants
Menno Knife
Royal Brinkman, The Netherlands
[email protected]
Felco 19 Shears with
spray device
Felco SA Switzerland
Metallo-Germo Knife
http://www.felcostore.com/pruners
http://www.metallotools.nl/
7
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Disease Prevention
A foot bath is created by putting a
large piece of carpet across the
walk way and soaking it with
disinfectant.
8
Product
Active Ingredient
Rate
Clorox
5.25% Sodium hypochlorite
KleenGrow
Didecyl dimethyl anmmonium chloride 7.5%
4 ml/L
Virkon S
20.4% potassium peroxymonosulfate and 1.5% sodium chloride
0.5, 1.0, 2.0%
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
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CENTER
10%
Greenhouse Guardian Trichloromelamine
8 oz/55 gal
Green-Shield
1 tsp/qt
10% n-Alkyldimethyl benyl ammonium chloride and 10% n-Alkyl
dimethyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chloride
Non-fat Dry Milk
20% wt:vol
Vortexx
Hydrogen peroxide 6.9%; Peroxyacetic acid 0.94%; Octanoic Acid
3.3%
1 oz/4 gal
Octave
Hydrogen peroxide 7.52%; Peroxyoctanoic acid .94%; Octanoic acid
2.72%
1-2 oz/2 gal
BioSide
Peroxyacetic acid 15%; hydrogen peroxide 22%
1 oz/10 gal
SaniDate
Hydrogen peroxide 23%; peroxyacetic acid 5.3%
0.5 oz/gal
StorOx
27% hydrogen dioxide
1.25 oz/gal
LYSOL
.1% alkyl dimethyl ammonium saccharinate
undiluted
DES-O-Germ
Poly hexamethylenebuguanideand benzalkonium chloride
100-200ml/100 L
Menno Florades
9% benzoic acid
3%
Menno Ter-forte
Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride
1%
Trisodium phosphate
(Virus/Viroid only)
10% saturation
9
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
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Most Effective Disinfectants for ToMV/TMV
10% Bleach
20% Non50% Lysol
Disinfectants used on
Fat Dry plants on Lt. Inoculum
only on Rt.  100%
Milk
mortality
10
Disinfectant
Cmm
Botrytis
PepMV
ToMV
TMV
PSTVd
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
1 sec
1 min
1 sec
1 min
KleenGrow
✔
✔
✔
✔
-
-
-
-
Green-Shield
✔
✔
✔
✔
-
-
-
-
BioSide
✔
✔
✔
✔
-
-
-
-
Des-O-Germ
✔
✔
✔
✔
-
-
-
-
Menno
Florades (3%)
✔
✔
✔
✔
-
(✔)
(✔)
-
Menno Ter-forte
(1%)
✔
✔
✔
✔
(✔)
✔
✔
-
Clorox (10%)
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Vortexx
✔
✔
-
✔
-
-
-
-
Lysol (50%)
✔
✔
-
✔
✔
✔
✔
(✔)
Storox
-
✔
-
✔
-
-
-
-
Octave
-
✔
-
✔
✔
-
-
-
Virkon-S (2%)
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
-
-
-
-
✔
✔
✔
✔11
TSP
Non-fat Dry Milk
-
-
-
-
OHIO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER
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Summary
•
Some fungi, bacteria, viruses and viroids can be
transmitted mechanically during greenhouse operations
and severely damage the crop
•
Disinfectants vary in efficacy against groups of plant
pathogens
•
10% Clorox bleach and Virkon were the only
disinfectants tested that inactivates all target pathogens
with a short (seconds) contact time
•
Disinfectants can be delivered automatically by tools
available on the market
12
Disinfectant
Cmm
Botrytis
PepMV
ToMV
TMV
PSTVd
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
1 sec
1 min
1 sec
1 min
KleenGrow
✔
✔
✔
✔
-
-
-
-
Green-Shield
✔
✔
✔
✔
-
-
-
-
BioSide
✔
✔
✔
✔
-
-
-
-
Des-O-Germ
✔
✔
✔
✔
-
-
-
-
Menno
Florades (3%)
✔
✔
✔
✔
-
(✔)
(✔)
-
Menno Ter-forte
(1%)
✔
✔
✔
✔
(✔)
✔
✔
-
Clorox (10%)
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Vortexx
✔
✔
-
✔
-
-
-
-
Lysol (50%)
✔
✔
-
✔
✔
✔
✔
(✔)
Storox
-
✔
-
✔
-
-
-
-
Octave
-
✔
-
✔
✔
-
-
-
Virkon-S (2%)
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
-
-
-
-
✔
✔
✔
✔13
TSP
Non-fat Dry Milk
-
-
-
-
OHIO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER