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Federal Fire Protection
SAME Industry Day
Greater KC Post
March 31, 2015
Mark Chrisman, MS, PE
Associate / Fire Protection Engineer
Darrell Stein, PE
Vice President / Fire Protection Engineer
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Copyright Materials
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws.
Reproduction, distribution, display, and use of the presentation without
written permission of the speaker is prohibited.
© Henderson Engineers Inc. 2015
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Learning Objectives
• Identify the basic requirements of fire protection engineers in
the federal design world
• Understand common applicable codes
• Applying applicable requirements to design-build projects
• Review real world examples of D-B fire protection engineering
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Agenda
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Design Standards, Criteria, and Applicable Codes
Site Coordination
Means of Egress
Fire Protection Systems
Tips for Successful Design-Build Projects
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Design Standards, Criteria,
and Applicable Codes
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Design Standards, Criteria,
and Applicable Codes
• Start with RFP/solicitation to review standards, criteria,
and codes applicable to the project.
• Depending on reviewing authority, applicable date for
standards, criteria, and codes may be the date of the
RFP/solicitation or the date of the proposal submittal.
– Issues with code changes from when RFP was written but not
released for a period of time.
– This can have major design implications on a project.
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Design Standards, Criteria,
and Applicable Codes
• General Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC)
• UFC 1-200-01 – General Building Requirements
– Overarching document to explain use of general industry
standards like 2012 IBC and NFPA 1. IFC is not utilized in the
UFCs.
• UFC 3-600-01 – Fire Protection Engineering for
Facilities
– Main focus of this presentation and reason for FPEs to be part
of project design team. Covers requirements and standards for
design of fire protection and life safety systems.
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Design Standards, Criteria,
and Applicable Codes
• General Unified Facilities Criteria
• UFC 4-010-01 – DoD Minimum Antiterrorism
Standards for Buildings
– General ATFP building requirements and when they apply to
new and existing projects (major investments). Prescribes
requirements for Mass Notification System (MNS) in a facility.
• UFC 4-021-01 – Design and O&M: Mass Notification
Systems
– Requirements for MNS including design and acceptance
testing. Includes information for wide areas and individual
buildings.
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Design Standards, Criteria,
and Applicable Codes
• General Unified Facilities Criteria
• UFC 3-310-04 – Seismic Design of Buildings
– General seismic requirements, through 2012 IBC and ASCE
7-10.
• UFC 4-510-01 – Design: Medical Military Facilities
– General design requirements for medical facilities.
– Chapter 8 – Fire Protection requirements, mainly indicating
compliance with NFPA 101 and UFC 3-600-01.
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Design Standards, Criteria,
and Applicable Codes
• Codes
• 2012 International Building Code (IBC)
– Utilized for height and area and occupancy classification
• 2012 International Existing Building Code (IEBC)
• 2012 International Mechanical Codes (IMC)
– Adopted through UFC 1-200-01 and 3-401-01. Use NFPA 54
for Fuel Gas Code.
• 2012 International Plumbing Code (IPC)
– Adopted through UFC 1-200-01 and 3-420-01
• 2012 International Residential Code (IRC)
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Design Standards, Criteria,
and Applicable Codes
• Design Standards
• NFPA 101 – Life Safety Code (LSC)
– Utilized for the majority of fire protection/life safety features
• NFPA 1 – Uniform Fire Code
– General fire fighting features
• NFPA 10 – Portable Fire Extinguishers
– Location and selection of fire extinguishers
• NFPA 13 – Installation of Sprinkler Systems
– Design and installation of fire sprinkler system. See also FM
Global for sprinkler design criteria.
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Design Standards, Criteria,
and Applicable Codes
• Design Standards
• NFPA 70 – National Electrical Code
– Design and installation of electrical systems
• NFPA 72 – National Fire Alarm Code
– Design and installation of fire alarm and mass notification
systems
• NFPA 90A – Standard for Installation of AirConditioning and Ventilating Systems
– Design of mechanical systems (referenced by UFC 3-600-01)
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Design Standards, Criteria,
and Applicable Codes
• Design Standards
• FM Global Loss Prevention Data Sheet 3-26, Fire
Protection Water Demand for Non-Storage
Sprinklered Properties
– Provides fire sprinkler system demand requirements generally
beyond what is required by NFPA 13.
– May require more water pressure and flow for fire sprinkler
system.
• Any base/fort specific design standards or guidelines.
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Site Coordination
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Site Coordination
• Fire Department Connection
• UFC 3-600-01: 2-10.4
Fire Department Connections (FDC) must be provided with allweather ground access for pumper apparatus within 150 ft of
such FDCs.
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Site Coordination
• Site Water Supply
• UFC 3-600-01: 3-5
One or more reliable means shall provide fire protection water to
an installation.
– Multiple connections to a looped or gridded public water system arranged such
that 50% of the maximum required fire flow demand plus 100% of the
domestic demand can still be supplied.
– Single connection to public water system plus on-site storage for 24 hour
domestic demand and fire flow demand.
– One or more on-site sources (wells, open bodies of water) with treated water
for 24 hour domestic demand and fire flow demand.
– For small, non-mission essential activity, such as a reserve training center, a
single connection to a public water system capable of providing water for 24
hour domestic demand and fire flow demand.
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Site Coordination
• Water Flow Test
• UFC 3-600-01: 4-1.3
Conduct a water flow test in accordance with NFPA 291 to
determine the available water supply.
– Initial water flow test is not a hydraulic calculation, just an analysis of available
water supply against the fire water and domestic demand for the facility.
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Case Study I
• Outpatient Pharmacy
– Air Force Base
– As the project FPE, we were
engaged at 95% submission
due to requirements by the
local USACE group.
– Project was mostly designed
(A/MEP/F/T)
– No fire protection design
analysis provided prior to this
submission
– Building had an existing fire
sprinkler system but no
backflow preventer.
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Case Study I
• Outpatient Pharmacy
– Air Force Base
– Added backflow preventer, with
a 12 psi loss (UFC 3-600-01)
requirements, required an
increase in pipe size for the
sprinkler system.
– Addressed security/life safety
and interconnections with fire
alarm system.
– Eventually received approval
at 100% corrected submittal.
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Means of Egress
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Means of Egress
• Occupant Loads
• UFC 3-600-01: 2-5.3
The maximum occupant load for any space or facility
shall not exceed one person per 7 SF of net floor
space or the maximum capacity of required egress
components whichever is less.
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Means of Egress
Occupant Loads
NFPA 101: Table 7.3.1.2
Occupant loads calculated
by space use/function not
by occupancy of the facility.
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Means of Egress
Occupant Loads
Occupant loads calculated
by space use/function not
by occupancy of the facility.
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Case Study II
• New Medical Clinic –
Army Fort
– New two story 140,000 SF
medical clinic
– FPE involved prior to 35%
submission
– Performed a water flow test
– Coordinated standpipes with
the fire department
– Coordinated LOC panels
– Coordinated two story space
with design team including
egress requirements.
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Case Study II
• New Medical Clinic –
Army Fort
– Coordinated the fire sprinkler
requirements upfront with the
contractor through the design
analysis.
– Culminated in less review
comments and quicker
approvals.
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Fire Protection Systems
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Fire Protection Systems
• Fire Sprinkler Systems
• UFC 3-600-01: 3-7.1.7
Minimum fire sprinkler supply is 6”.
• UFC 3-600-01:Section 3-7.2
Supervised control valve located on the water source, at every
tap on main water line.
- Combined five fire hydrants and automatic sprinkler systems
OR
- Not more than three automatic sprinkler systems are out of
service if a water main break occurs
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Fire Protection Systems
• UFC 3-600-01: Section 3-7.5/4-2.3.5
Provided backflow preventers (BFPs) on existing
systems with a hydraulic analysis and a test
connection. Provide 12 psi pressure drop in hydraulic
calculations for the BFP unless pressure drop required
is greater than 12 psi.
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Fire Protection Systems
• Fire Sprinkler Systems
• UFC 3-600-01: 4-2.2
Provide fire sprinkler protection in all new or
renovated DoD facilities.
Exception: Non-mission essential buildings of Type I/II
construction less than 15,000 SF or Type III/IV/V
construction less than 5,000 SF. Additional exceptions
per Chapter 6.
Additional requirements per RFP or AHJ direction.
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Fire Protection Systems
• Fire Sprinkler Systems
• UFC 3-600-01: 4-2.2.1
Additions or Partial Renovations
– Provide sprinkler protection if the entire gross floor area of the
building (including addition) exceeds 15,000 SF
– Building is an essential facility.
The addition or portion of the facility must be provided
with sprinkler protection and be designed to support
the remainder of the facility.
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Fire Protection Systems
• Fire Sprinkler Systems
• UFC 3-600-01: 4-2.3.1
– Sprinkler System Design Requirements Follow FM Global
Data Sheet 3-26
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Fire Protection Systems
• Standpipe Systems
• UFC 3-600-01: 4-5.1
– Provide standpipes in exit stairways of buildings four stories or
more in height.
– Class I only; Class II and Class III not permitted
– Also provide standpipes in facilities where it is not practical to
reach major portions of the building with fire fighting hose lines
in excess of 450 ft extended from the exterior, regardless of
building height. Coordinate ATFP setbacks with this item.
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Case Study III
• Renovation – Air
Force Medical Clinic
– Renovation of an existing two
story clinic (formerly a
hospital).
– Existing building is partially
sprinklered (hazardous areas
only)
– Partial mass notification
system (audible only)
– Fire alarm system (existing
chime system)
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Case Study III
• Renovation – Air
Force Medical Clinic
– Involved with D-B proposal.
– Performed water flow test.
– Issued fire protection design
analysis early to fire sprinkler
contractor.
– Coordinated locations of
existing mass notification
system speakers for use with
new renovations. Added new
head end equipment for visible
notification and fire alarm
system interconnection.
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Fire Protection Systems
• Fire Alarm Systems
• UFC 3-600-01:5-1
– Fire alarm and/or mass notification systems shall be
addressable voice. Class B pathways are allowed for IDCs,
NACs and SLCs and meet all minimum/necessary DOD
performance requirements. Class C, D, and E pathways are
not approved.
– Typical systems are Class A or B with Class X pathways
between control units. Conduit is project dependent.
– Female voice required to deliver messages.
– Standalone system; cannot be combined with security, energy,
or other systems.
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Fire Protection Systems
• Fire Alarm Systems
• UFC 3-600-01: 5-3.1
Provide fire alarm evacuation systems when required by
NFPA 101 and for buildings requiring automatic detection
or suppression systems.
• UFC 3-600-01: 5-4.1
For Air Force Projects, when sprinkler protection is not
present in occupied and unoccupied mission support/
mission critical an automatic thermal detection system is
required.
– Temporary Phasing Facilities (TPFs)
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Fire Protection Systems
• Mass Notification Systems
• UFC 4-021-01: 1-3
This UFC applies to new construction, major renovations,
and leased buildings. Requirement for MNS is established
by UFC 4-010-01.
• UFC 4-010-01: 1-8.2
Requirements for ATFP/MNS triggered when inhabited
buildings renovations, modifications, repairs, and
restorations exceed 50% of the plant replacement value
(PRV) of the existing building. Costs of building additions
do not count against the PRV.
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Fire Protection Systems
• Mass Notification Systems
• UFC 4-010-01: 1-8.3
Building Additions
– Inhabited building additions to inhabited buildings shall comply
with minimum requirements for new buildings.
– If the addition is 50% or more of the gross area of the existing
building, the existing building must comply with Appendix B.
– If the addition causes an occupancy change from inhabited to
primary gathering, upgrades will be required.
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Fire Protection Systems
• Mass Notification Systems
• UFC 4-010-01: Definitions
Inhabited Building
– Routinely occupied by 11 or more DoD personnel and a
population density greater than one person per 430 gross SF.
Primary Gathering
– Inhabited buildings or portions of buildings routinely occupied
by 50 or more DoD personnel and a population density greater
than one person per 430 gross SF.
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Fire Protection Systems
• Mass Notification Systems
• UFC 4-021-01: 4-3.4.2
Combined FA/MN systems may use one clear strobe or
two strobes (amber – MNS, clear – Fire), consult with the
AHJ.
Navy – one clear strobe along with text signs.
Army/Air Force – one clear strobe for fire and one amber
strobe for mass notification. Text signs optional.
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Fire Protection Systems
• Mass Notification Systems
• UFC 4-021-01: 4-4.2
MNS will temporarily override the fire alarm audible and
visible notification and any paging systems. MNS will
continue to override the other systems until manually or
automatically ended or after 10 minutes.
Provide a supervisory signal to the supervising station
during a MNS system activation.
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Fire Protection Systems
• Mass Notification Systems
• UFC 4-021-01: 4-4.2
– At least eight pre-recorded messages required.
• Bomb threat, intruder, take cover, etc.
– Have capability to interrupt PA system announcements and
building music.
– Female voice required to deliver messages.
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Case Study IV
• Renovation – Air
Force Medical Center
– Two phases of construction
totaling over 250,000 SF of
renovation.
– Renovated areas include
CVOR, Mental health, ENT,
musculoskeletal, AI, CV prep,
pharmacy and recovery.
– Maintain building systems in
other areas during
construction.
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Case Study IV
• Renovation – Air
Force Medical Center
– Phase I
– Fire Protection Design
Analysis, review of FA/FS
plans.
– Temporary egress plans for DB team.
– Complex fire sprinkler system
issues (water storage tank and
fire pump). Coordinated with
fire sprinkler contractor.
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Case Study IV
• Renovation – Air
Force Medical Center
– Phase II
– Fire Protection Design
Analysis, fire alarm design, full
fire sprinkler design including
hydraulic calculations.
– Temporary egress plans for DB team.
– Third Party Reviewer, not
familiar with the facility.
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Tips for Design-Build Projects
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Tips for Design-Build Projects
• Early Involvement by the FPE
• UFC 3-600-01: 1-5
Major design projects require the design services and
review of a qualified Fire Protection Engineer.
– Registered PE who has passed the fire protection engineer’s exam
– Five years of verified experience
Get involved at the proposal or pre-charrette stage.
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Assist with FS/FA/MNS system design
Review/prepare water flow test
Review means of egress and fire-rated separation requirements
Coordinate scope of work
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Tips for Design-Build Projects
• FPE Role and Responsibility
• UFC 3-600-01: 1-5
FPE is integral to the team and involved in every
aspect of fire protection and life safety aspects of the
project.
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Fire Protection Design Analysis
Life Safety Drawings
Water Flow Test
Fire Sprinkler System Design
Fire Alarm/Mass Notification System Design
System Acceptance Testing
FPE reviews prior to submissions
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Tips for Design-Build Projects
• Fire Protection Design Analysis
• UFC 3-600-01: 1-4
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Integral to project success
Addresses many key features of the projects
Varying level of detail depending on project scope
Needs to be completed early in the project for other design team members
(i.e., sprinkler and fire alarm contactors in design-build project)
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Tips for Design-Build Projects
• Building Information Modeling (BIM)
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Is BIM being utilized?
Similar to FPE scope, define roles, responsibilities, and expectations.
Early coordination before submittal reviews.
As-built issues with design-build team.
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Questions?
THANK YOU!
For a copy of this presentation, email
[email protected] or [email protected]
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