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BYONICS
PicCon Owner's Manual
Version 2.08
http://www.byonics.com/piccon
-1-
Overview.................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
Acknowledgments................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Construction ............................................................................................................................................................................ 3
Schematic ............................................................................................................................................................................ 3
Parts List .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Printed Circuit Board ............................................................................................................................................................ 4
Case .................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Assembly Instructions .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Assembly Completion .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Interfacing ............................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Radio / Power – J1 ........................................................................................................................................................... 6
PTT mode – J2 ................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Power – J3 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Adjustments ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Operations Overview ............................................................................................................................................................... 7
Quick Start............................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Control Commands ................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Programming Commands ....................................................................................................................................................... 8
Troubleshooting..................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Frequently Asked Questions ................................................................................................................................................. 13
Hints, Tricks, & Notes ............................................................................................................................................................ 13
Overview
PicCon is a small, inexpensive radio controller designed for hidden transmitter hunting. When combined with a radio
transmitter, it will produce tone sequences and Morse code messages at user-programmed times. It is completely field
programmable via DTMF tones, utilizes EEPROM for all programmed options so they are remembered when power is
removed, and is quite compact. PicCon interfaces to a radio transceiver like a packet radio TNC does. It is controlled by
the audio it receives from the radio, in the form of DTMF tones, and operates the radio by controlling the Push To Talk
(PTT) while sending audio in the form of tones and modulated CW Morse code.
PicCon includes an LED, to show which state the device is in, and a push-button switch, to allow the starting and stopping
of a transmission without requiring a DTMF receiver. There is a jumper option on the board to activate PTT via the
microphone line as is required by most hand-held radios. PicCon draws only a few milliamps, and runs off any 7-35VDC
source, including a standard 9-volt battery. PicCon was created by Byon Garrabrant, N6BG. More information can be
found at the Byonics web site at http://www.byonics.com.
Acknowledgments
Thanks must go to all those who helped test PicCon. Randy Holland, KO6KC; Brian Mileshosky, N5ZGT; Steve Carter,
N7RKE; Terry Hudson, KT9V; John Munsey, KB3GK; Jeremy Reese, N8YP; Scott Currie, NS7C; and Tim Wade, N3WAS.
In addition, thanks to the testers and users of the original PicCon and my wife, Lara Garrabrant, KD6AYO. Thank you to
everyone for helping make PicCon all that it is.
-2-
Construction
Schematic
Parts List
U1
U2
U3
Y1
Q1
R1
R2, R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
PIC16F628-20/P programmed with
PicCon firmware
M-8870-01 DTMF decoder
78L05 +5V voltage regulator
3.579 MHz ceramic resonator
2N2222A NPN transistor
1 K Ω resistor (brn-blk-red)
100 K Ω resistor (brn-blk-yel)
300 K Ω resistor (org-blk-yel)
10 K Ω resistor (brn-blk-org)
220 K Ω resistor (red-red-yel)
2.2 K Ω resistor (red-red-red)
R8
C1, C2, C3,
C4, C5
D1
D2
SW1
J1
J2
PCB
-3-
10 K Ω trimmer potentiometer (103)
0.1 µf capacitor (104)
Green T1-3/4 LED
1N4148 diode
SPST switch (mom. cont.)
DB9 female solder cup connector
1x2 jumper header post
Jumper shunt
18 Pin DIP sockets (2)
PicCon Printed Circuit Board
Printed Circuit Board
The PicCon printed circuit board (PCB) is double sided, silk-screened, and solder masked. There are 4 mounting holes in
the corners, and another mounting hole in the center.
Case
PicCon was designed to fit in a Serpac brand C6 plastic case (2 1/4" x 1 5/8" x 3/4"). Pre-cut cases are available from
www.byonics.com. There are 4 flanges on the case lower center post, which should be cut off to allow the PCB to fit.
-4-
Assembly Instructions
PicCon is a fairly simple construction project that can usually be built in less than an hour. You will need a low wattage
pencil-type soldering iron with a small tip, some thin solder, and a pair of diagonal cutters. The integrated circuits (U1 &
U2) are static sensitive, so use standard precautions. For each item, insert on the component side (white silk-screened
side), then turn the board over and solder the leads to the pads on the trace side. Be sure to only solder the correct pad,
and do not let any solder touch any other pad or trace. Trim any excess leads with diagonal cutters after soldering each
component. The following checklist will be useful to insure all components are properly assembled.
Install the two 18-pin IC sockets, one for U1, and one for U2. Be sure to align the notched end of the socket with
the marked end on the silk screen. First solder just two diagonally opposite pins of a socket, and check that the
socket sits flat on the PCB. Then solder the remaining socket pins. Do not insert the chips into the sockets at this
time.
Install capacitors C1 – C5. (0.1uf, 104). Direction does not matter. Bend the leads apart slightly after insertion to
prevent them from falling out when the PCB is upside-down for soldering.
Install resistors R1 (1K, brn-blk-red), R2 & R3 (100K, brn-blk-yel), R4 (300K, org-blk-yel), R5 (10K, brn-blk-org),
R6 (220K, red-red-yel), and R7 (2.2K, red-red-red). For each resistor, bend one of the leads 180 degrees at the
bulb of the resistor so that both leads are parallel and 0.1 inch apart. Install vertically on the board. Polarity does
not matter. Bend the leads apart once inserted to hold in place and insert all 7 resistors before soldering.
Install transistor Q1 (2N2222A) Be sure to orient flat side to match the flat side shown on the silk-screen pattern.
Install voltage regulator U3 (78L05). Be sure to orient flat side to match the flat side shown on the silk-screen
pattern.
Install ceramic resonator Y1 (3.579 Mhz), which provides the clock oscillation for the chip. Direction does not
matter.
Install glass diode D2. (1N4148). Bend like resistors. The black stripe should be nearest the top edge of the
board, electrically closest to the pad just below C4.
Install potentiometer R8, (10K, 103),
Install LED D1 (green). Be sure to align the flat side of the LED with the shape on the silk-screen. If the LED does
not have a flat side, insert the anode (long lead) into the round pad closest to top edge of the board and the
cathode (short lead) into the square pad next to R1.
Install switch SW1. Leads may need to be bent a bit. Switch should snap into place.
Install 1x2 jumper post J2. Insert short side through the board.
Install female DB-9 radio connector J1. Wedge the board in between the two rows of solder cups, with the 5 pins
aligned with the 5 pads on the PCB. Solder just one pin first, and insure the connector is on straight. Then solder
on both sides of the PCB, all nine cups to the pads.
Assembly Completion
After all components have been installed, inspect the solder side of the board for poor or cold solder joints. All pads
should be shiny and smooth. Inspect for any undesired solder bridges. Use an ohmmeter or multimeter to be sure power
(socket pin 14) and ground (socket pin 5) on U1 are not connected. It would even be a good idea to power the board (see
below), and confirm +5 volts between U1 socket pins 14 and 5. If the board looks ready, complete the assembly as
follows.
Insert programmed microprocessor U1 (PIC16F628). The chips is static sensitive, so ground yourself by touching
a large metal object before touching the chip. The rows of pins may need to be bent slightly. Be sure to align the
notch on the chip with the notch on the socket, as well as the notch on the silk-screen. Be sure that the chips are
in their correct sockets. An improperly inserted chip may become permanently damaged.
Insert DTMF Decoder U2 (M-8870-01). Follow the instructions for U1 above.
-5-
Interfacing
The following are the interface connections for the PicCon, which are needed before operation.
Radio / Power – J1
Female DB-9 connector J1 is used to interface PicCon to a radio transceiver and power. It is compatible with the radio
connector on Kantronics TNCs, such as the KPC-3. Connect AUDIO OUT (J1 pin 1) to the radio’s mic input. If the
transmitter transmits when the microphone input is grounded (most handheld (HT) radios do, except the Kenwood brand),
short jumper J2, and PTT OUT (J1 pin 3) will not need to be connected to the transmitter. For all other transmitters, PTT
OUT (pin 3) will be needed, and should be connected to the transmitter’s PTT input. PTT OUT is grounded when the
transmitter is to be keyed. Connect the receiver’s audio out (earphone) jack to the AUDIO IN (pin 5). Also connect J1
GROUND (pin 6) to the radio’s ground. Refer to the transceiver’s manual for more information, and look for a section on
installing a terminal-node controller (TNC) for packet operation, as PicCon is interfaced in a similar manner. J1 can also
be used to supply PicCon’s power, via pin 7 and pin 6.
Pin
1
3
5
6
7
Function
AUDIO OUT (radio mic)
PTT OUT
AUDIO IN (radio earphone)
Ground (radio and power)
Power (+7 to +35V DC)
PTT mode – J2
Jumper J2 connects the Radio PTT to the Radio MIC with a resistor as required for most hand held radios. This post
should be closed with the jumper shunt if using a radio that keys by passing current through the mic input (mostly all HTs
except Kenwood brand). In this case, PTT OUT (J1 pin 3) does not need to be run to the radio. For mobile radios, and
Kenwood radios, J2 should be left off, and PTT OUT should beconnected to the transmitter.
Power – J3
PicCon should be powered with 7-35 volts DC. Power can be applied via J1 or J3. J1 is the most common way to power
the PicCon. To use J1, connect pin 7 to positive voltage and pin 6 to ground. To use J3, apply positive voltage to the plus
(+) hole and ground to the minus (-) hole. Only one of J1 and J3 should be used to supply power. At 12 volts, current
draw is 9ma when running, 5.5ma when idle.
Adjustments
There are only a few adjustments required for proper operation of PicCon. First, the transmit audio level should be
adjusted at R8 for proper deviation. Potentiometer R8 controls the outgoing MIC audio level. Adjust so that audio tones
are comfortable when heard on a second receiver. PicCon was designed for hand held radios. Some mobile radios
require more audio drive than PicCon puts out. If audio levels are too low, even with the R8 pot set to maximum, consider
replacing the 220K R6 with a 100K resistor, or even less. This should allow for about double the audio range.
The other adjustment point is the receiver volume level. It should be adjusted for best DTMF tone decoding.
Green LED D1 will flash 2 times when power is first applied.
-6-
Operations Overview
Basic PicCon operation is simple. When started, PicCon will send a transmission sequence to a radio transmitter over and
over again. A transmission sequence consists of between two and eight of the following: off-the-air delays, tone
sequences, and Morse code IDs (although typically, only a tone sequence and a Morse code ID are needed). After the
transmission sequence is sent, it will restart, either immediately, or, after a pre-programmed delay. The transmission
sequence can optionally be programmed with an initial delay of over 100 hours and the sequence can optionally be
programmed to stop running after up to 100 hours. The transmission sequence can be started, stopped, or re-started at
any time. All parameters for the transmission can be pre-programmed, including the tones, speed, and duration of the
tone sequence, speed and tone of the Morse code ID, delay duration, the transmission sequence order and loop time,
initial delay and total run time.
There are also several special modes which can be applied if desired. These include random tone sequences, random
tone durations, random Morse code ID frequency, various LED modes, a CW mode and a one-shot mode. There is also a
special mode to comply with IARU International T-Hunting Rules. PicCon can also be locked and unlocked via DTMF to
prevent unwanted controlling.
Timings
There are five timing parameters which can be adjusted to configure PicCon. The tone sequence timer controls how long
the tone sequence will run, each time it is included in the transmission sequence. The transmission delay controls how
long PicCon will delay without transmission, each time it is included in the transmission sequence. The transmission loop
time controls how often to restart the transmission sequence. The initial delay controls a one-time off-the-air delay before
starting transmissions, and the total run time controls how long to send transmissions before stopping.
For example, assume the transmission delay is set to 0, the tone sequence timer is set to 10 seconds, and the
transmission loop time is set to 30 seconds. Also assume the transmission sequence is set to delay - tones - ID and that
the initial delay and total run time are both set to 0 (off). When started, PicCon would send the tone sequence for 10
seconds, send the Morse ID (about 5 seconds depending on speed and duration), and then delay off the air for about 15
seconds. Then the sequence would start over again with the tone sequence for 10 seconds, starting exactly 30 after the
last time it started.
LED modes
The LED serves multiple purposes for PicCon. In the normal LED mode, the LED will flash quickly when receiving DTMF
or when the switch SW1 is pressed. It will be on without flashing when PTT is active. It will flash 3 times per second when
it is being programmed, and will flash once per second when running, but not currently transmitting. When in the alternate
LED mode, the LED will be solid when receiving DTMF or when the switch SW1 is pressed, and will flash when it is being
programmed. The LED can also be completely disabled.
Normal mode
ON
Fast Flash
Medium Flash
Slow Flash
Alternate mode
ON
Medium Flash
-
Meaning
PTT active
Receiving DTMF or SW1 pressed
Programming
Running, but not PTT
Quick Start
After assembling PicCon and the interface cable, connect to the radio and battery/power supply. The LED should flash
twice if all is working correctly. When PicCon is initially started or after it has been reset, the only programming that must
be done before operation is setting the Morse ID to the operator’s callsign. This is done with the C1 command. A remote
transmitter can be used, or the radio connected to PicCon. To use the connected radio, PTT may need to be pressed by
hand while DTMF is sent. Most radios will send the DTMF tones out the radio’s earphone jack when it transmits them, so
PicCon should be able to use them. To program the Morse ID, send DTMF “C”, then DTMF “1”, followed by a number of
two-digit codes, each representing a letter or number in the desired callsign. The letter “A” is entered with the code 01, “B”
with 02, and so on. The numerals 0 to 9 are entered as DTMF “3” followed by the DTMF of the numeral itself. The
callsign entry is completed with a DTMF “#”. (For example, to enter the callsign N6BG, send the following DTMF digits:
“C1 14 36 02 07 #”.) Modify the example and enter the correct callsign now. After the callsign is entered, operations can
begin by pressing SW1 or sending a DTMF “1”. This will start PicCon transmitting with the default tone sequence and
transmission sequence and timing. It can be stopped by pressing SW1 again. Operation can be then further configured
with the commands below.
-7-
Control Commands
PicCon can be controlled via either a single DTMF tone command or a manual switch (SW1). “Controls” consist of starting
and stopping a transmission, locking, unlocking and resetting PicCon. When a transmission is started, or re-started if
already running, all delay and loop timers are reset, and the transmission begins with the first item in the transmission
sequence. If a transmission delay has been programmed, that time must pass before the transmission will begin. The
transmission will continue to run until controlled to stop, power is removed, or total run time is reached, if programmed.
Pressing the manual switch (SW1) has the same function as DTMF “2”.
1
2
3
4
0
SW1
Start transmission
Toggle transmission on/off
Stop transmission
Lock DTMF control
Reset PicCon EEPROM
Toggle transmission on/off
Start Transmission (1)
This command is used to begin a transmission. If no initial delay is programmed, and the transmission sequence starts
with tones or the Morse ID, radio transmissions should begin immediately. All timers are reset when a transmission is
started. If a transmission is already running, it will be restarted.
Toggle Transmission ON/OFF (2 or SW1 press)
This command will function like the Start Transmission if no transmission is running, or like the Stop Transmission if a
transmission is running or if PicCon is in the initial delay mode.
Stop Transmission (3)
This command is used to stop the currently running transmission. If no transmission is running, this has no effect.
Lock DTMF Control (4)
This command is used to lock out further DTMF controlling and programming. It can be unlocked by entering a ‘#‘,
followed by the DTMF unlock code (set with A6xxxx). The default unlock code is 0000. When locked, the LED will not
flash with received DTMF, however SW1 will continue to function.
Reset PicCon EEPROM (0)
This command is used to reset PicCon’s EEPROM to the original settings. This may be required if parameters get
programmed to improper values. To activate, press and hold switch SW1 and send DTMF 0. This will clear all previously
programmed options, including Morse code ID. LED D1 will flash twice after reset.
Programming Commands
PicCon can be programmed via short DTMF tone sequences. All programming begins with a DTMF A, B, C, or D, and
most options can be set with 4 or 6 tones. The DTMF ‘#’ will cancel any incomplete programming command that starts with
A or B, and is used to complete any programming command that starts with C. Programming can be done while PicCon is
transmitting, although timing may be slightly affected. The following chart shows the programming commands.
A1mmss
A2mmss
A3mmss
A4hhmm
A5hhmm
A6xxxxx
B1xx
B2xx
B3xx
B4xx
B5xx
C1....#
C2....#
C3....#
C4....#
Dx
Set transmission delay to mm minutes and ss seconds
Set tones duration to mm minutes and ss seconds
Set transmission loop time to mm minutes and ss seconds
Set initial delay time to hh hours and mm minutes
Set total run time to hh hours and mm minutes
Set DTMF unlock code to xxxx
Set tone sequence speed (00-99)
Set Morse code speed in words per minute (05-30)
Set Morse code tone (01-99)
Set Operation Mode A Flags
Set Operation Mode B Flags
Set Morse code message
Set simple tone sequence (1 digit per tone)
Set detailed tone sequence (2 digits per tone)
Set transmission sequence
Set IARU Mode
-8-
Set Transmission Delay (A1mmss)
This command is used to set an off-the-air delay time of between 0 seconds and over 100 minutes. To be used, this delay
must be placed in the transmission sequence. This delay will not be needed for typical operations, and should only be
used when offsetting multiple PicCons which will be started simultaneously, or for a non-trivial transmission sequence.
Typical transmissions should use the transmission loop time (A3mmss) for setting off-the-air delays. DTMF format is “A1”
followed by 2 digits for number of minutes, and then 2 digits for number of seconds.
Examples:
A10000 - no delay
A10030 - 30 second delay
A10210 - 2 minute 10 second delay
Set Tones Duration (A2mmss)
This command is used to set the amount of time that the tone sequence is transmitted. Valid range is between 0 seconds
and over 100 minutes. The radio PTT is keyed and the tone sequence is repeated during this time. To be used, the tone
sequence must be placed in the Transmission Sequence. DTMF format is “A2” followed by 2 digits for number of minutes,
and then 2 digits for number of seconds.
Examples:
A20000 - no tone sequence
A20030 - 30 seconds of tones
A20210 - 2 minute 10 seconds of tones
Set Transmission Loop Time (A3mmss)
This command is used to set how often the transmission sequence loops. Valid range is between 0 seconds and over 100
minutes. When set to 0000, the transmission restarts as soon as it ends. When set to something other than 0000, the
controller goes into a waiting state when it completes a transmission, until the designated time has elapsed since the
transmission was started. At this time, the transmission restarts. If the transmission has not yet completed, it will still be
restarted. DTMF format is “A3” followed by 2 digits for number of minutes, and then 2 digits for number of seconds.
Examples:
A30000 - loop upon completion of transmission
A30030 - loop transmission every 30 seconds
A30210 - loop transmission every 2 minutes 10 seconds
Set Initial Delay Time (A4hhmm)
This command is used to set a one-time initial delay. When a transmission is started, either via DTMF or switch press,
PicCon will wait for the specified amount of time before beginning the transmission. If set to 0000, the transmission will
begin without delay. Valid range is between 0 minutes and over 100 hours. DTMF format is “A4” followed by 2 digits for
number of hours, and then 2 digits for number of minutes.
Examples:
A40130 - Set Initial delay to 1 hour 30 minutes
A40000 - Do not use an initial delay
Set Total Run Time (A5hhmm)
This command is used to set a total transmission run time. When set to 0000, the transmission will only stop when
commanded via DTMF or switch press. When set to something other than 0000, the transmission will stop after the
specified amount of time. The Initial Delay Time (A4) is not included in the total run time. DTMF format is “A5” followed
by 2 digits for number of hours, and then 2 digits for number of minutes.
Examples:
A50130 - Set run for a total of 1 hour and 30 minutes
A50000 - Run until commanded to stop
Set DTMF Unlock Code (A6xxxx)
This command is used to set a code to unlock PicCon when it has been DTMF locked. PicCon is locked via a DTMF “4”
command. To unlock a locked PicCon, enter the pound sign (#), followed by the DTMF unlock code programmed with this
command (xxxx). While PicCon is locked, the LED will not flash with received DTMF commands, as it normally does when
unlocked. DTMF lock state will be cleared if power is removed. Default unlock code is 0000. DTMF format is “A6”
followed by a 4 digit number.
Examples:
A61234 - Set DTMF unlock code to 1234
Set Tone Speed (B1xx)
This command is used to set the how fast the tone sequence tones are played. Valid range is between 00 (very slow) and
99 (very fast). DTMF format is “B1” followed by 2 digits for speed.
Examples:
B102 - play tones slowly
B195 - play tones quickly
-9-
Set Morse Code ID Speed (B2xx)
This command is used to set how fast the Morse code ID is sent in words per minute. Valid range is between 05 (wpm)
and 30 (wpm). DTMF format is “B2” followed by 2 digits for speed.
Examples:
B208 - play Morse code at 8 words per minute
B227 - play Morse code at 27 words per minute
Set Morse Code ID Tone (B3xx)
This command is used to set the tone frequency of the Morse code ID. Valid range is between 01 (low) and 99 (high). The
specific frequency used is
[ 27965 / ( 110 - tone ) ] Hz. DTMF format is “B3” followed by a 2 digit tone.
Examples:
B375 - play Morse code ID at 799Hz [27965/(110-75)Hz]
B354 - play Morse code ID at 499Hz [27965/(110-54)Hz]
B382 - play Morse code ID at 999Hz [27965/(110-82)Hz]
Set Operation Mode A Flags (B4xx)
This command is used to set the first group of miscellaneous mode options, which are shown below.
1
2
4
8
16
32
Random Tone Sequence
Random Tone Speed
Random Morse Code Tone
Use alternate LED mode
Disable LED
Auto-Start on Power-Up
Random Tone Sequence (1)
When this mode is set, the programmed tone sequence is ignored and a random tone sequence is used.
Random Tone Speed (2)
When this mode is set, the programmed tone speed is ignored and a random tone speed is used.
Random Morse Code Tone (4)
When this mode is set, the Morse Code ID will play at a random tone each time.
Use Alternate LED mode (8)
When this mode is set, an alternate LED mode will be used. The LED will be on when DTMF is received or
the switch is pressed, and will flash when in programming mode. This mode does not show PTT or running
state.
Disable LED (16)
When this mode is set, the LED will not light or flash.
Auto-Start on Power-Up (32)
When this mode is set, PicCon will automatically start the transmission when power is applied.
To set the operation mode A flags, add the codes of the desired option. Valid range is between 00 and 63. DTMF format
is “B4” followed by a 2 digit “sum code”.
Examples:
B400 - Use no special A operation modes
B403 - Play random tones at random speeds (03 = 2 + 1)
B433 - Auto-Start transmission and play random tones at the programmed speed. (33 = 32 + 1)
- 10 -
Set Operation Mode B Flags (B5xx)
This command is used to set the second group of miscellaneous mode options, which are shown below.
1
2
Only run once
CW mode
Only run once (1)
When this mode is set, PicCon will stop running after one iteration of the C4 transmission sequence. This
is useful for “one-shot” transmissions or Ids.
CW mode (2)
When this mode is set, the PTT is keyed only when audio is generated. This mode is intended for 80-meter
CW hunts and other non-FM based transmitters. It is recommended for use during a Morse ID only hunt, or
when using the IARU mode. The audio is still present on the audio out line, but should not be needed.
To set the operation mode B flags, add the codes of the desired option. Valid range is between 00 and 03. DTMF format
is “B5” followed by a 2 digit “sum code”.
Examples:
B502 - Run in CW mode
Set Morse Code ID (C1xxxx…#)
This command is used to set the Morse code ID. The ID may be up to 42 characters. All characters are entered as 2 digit
numbers. The letters are entered as an ordinal number (A = 01, B = 02, Z = 26). The numbers are entered as “3” followed
by the number (1 = 31, 9 = 39). A space is entered as 00. A complete chart is below. DTMF format is “C1” followed by up
to 42 two-digit character codes, and completed with a “#”.
Example:
C1 14 36 02 07 00 20 31 # - set ID to “N6BG T1”
A
B
C
D
E
F
01
02
03
04
05
06
G
H
I
J
K
L
07
08
09
10
11
12
M
N
O
P
Q
R
13
14
15
16
17
18
S
T
U
V
W
X
19
20
21
22
23
24
Y
Z
/
,
.
25
26
27
28
29
0
1
2
3
4
30
31
32
33
34
5
6
7
8
9
35
? 40
36 BT 41
37 AR 42
38 SK 43
39
SPACE 00
Set Simple Tone Sequence (C2xxx…#)
This command is used to set the tone sequence. Up to 64 tones can be entered, each one being 1 of 9 tones or silence.
All tones are entered as a single DTMF digit from 0 to 9 where 0 is silence, 1 is the lowest tone, and 9 is the highest. The
sequence loops for the tone duration time and speed is set with the “set tone speed” command. This command is simpler
to use than the Set Detailed Tone Sequence Command because only one DTMF digit per tone is needed, but it only allows
the use of 9 different tones. Only one tone sequence can be stored, so this command clears a detailed tone
sequence. DTMF format is “C2” followed by up to 64 single-digits, and completed with a “#”.
Example:
C2123045607890# - set the tone sequence to rising groups of three
Set Detailed Tone Sequence (C3xxxx…#)
This command is used to set the tone sequence. Up to 64 tones and be entered, each one being 1 of 99 tones or silence.
All tones are entered as a 2 DTMF digits from 00 to 99 where 00 is silence, 01 is the lowest tone, and 99 is the highest.
The frequency of each tone is [27965/(110-tone)] Hz. The sequence loops for the tone duration time and speed is set with
the “set tone speed” command. This command is more difficult to use than the Set Simple Tone Sequence Command
because two DTMF digits per tone are needed, but it allows the use of 99 different tones. Only one tone sequence can
be stored, so this command clears a simple tone sequence. DTMF format is “C3” followed by up to 64 double-digits,
and completed with a “#”.
Example:
C3 10 20 30 00 40 50 60 00 # - set the tone sequence to rising groups of three
The following chart gives the PicCon two-digit tone equivalent to common musical notes starting with middle C.
C 03
D 15
E 25
F 30
G 39
A 46
B 53
C 57
D 62
E 68
F 70
G 74
A 78
B 82
C 83
D 86
E 89
F 90
- 11 -
G 92
A 94
B 96
Set Transmission Sequence (C4xxxx…#)
This command is used to set the transmission sequence. Up to 8 sequence elements can be entered, consisting of an offthe-air delay (DTMF “1”), a tone sequence (DTMF “2”), and a Morse code ID (DTMF “3”). Each element is entered as a
single DTMF digit between 1 and 3. The chart below also shows the which DTMF digit to use for each element. DTMF
format is “C4” followed by up to 8 DTMF digits, and completed with a “#”.
Examples:
C4 2 3 # - set a transmission sequence to tones and Morse ID. This make a good simple sequence.
C4 2 1 3 1 # - set transmission sequence to tones, delay, Morse code ID, delay.
1
2
3
off-the-air delay
tone sequence
Morse code ID
Set IARU Mode (Dx)
This command is used to enable IARU mode. In IARU mode, the tone sequence is replaced by Morse Code “MOE” for T
1, “MOI” for T2, etc. Switch SW1 must be pressed and held while activating this mode . The digit after the D is the T
number, between 1 and 9. When this mode is set, tone speed (B1xx) should be updated by the user to a value between
04 and 20. The tone sequence duration (A2) determines how long the sequence will run. To clear IARU mode, reprogram
the tone sequence with C2 or C3. DTMF format is “D” followed by a DTMF digits 1 to 9 while holding down SW1.
Examples:
D3 will set IARU mode with tone sequence “MOS”
Default settings
The following are the default settings, set when PicCon is powered for the first time, and after a reset.
A1 00 00
A2 00 15
A3 00 00
A4 00 00
A5 00 00
A6 00 00
B1 88
B2 20
B3 75
B4 00
B5 00
C1 16 09 03 03 15 14 27 32 29 30 # (PICCON/2.0)
C2 7 7 8 5 5 6 3 3 4 2 2 0 4 4 3 6 6 5 8 8 7 1 1 0 #
- 12 -
Troubleshooting
Problem
The green LED does not flash
twice at powerup.
The green LED does not flash
with received DTMF.
No audio is heard on a receiver.
PicCon never transmits.
or
The transmitter keys up, even
when no power is applied to
PicCon
PicCon keys the transmitter, but
fails to un-key the transmitter
when it should.
Audio tones sound distorted
A tone sequence is not being
transmitted.
Possible Solutions
Be sure the LED and chips are inserted in the proper direction.
Check for shorts or opens on the solder side of the PCB.
Check for 5 volts across socket pins 5 and 14 with the PIC removed.
Check for shorts or opens on the solder side of the PCB.
Check the radio interface cable.
Adjust receiver volume.
Check for shorts or opens on the solder side of the PCB.
Check the radio interface cable.
Raise transmit audio level with R8.
If R8 doesn’t give enough range, try lowering the value of R6, or even shorting it.
Check for shorts or opens on the solder side of the PCB.
Perhaps the radio does or doesn’t key via current through the microphone line.
Check J2.
Be sure the cable is built correctly. Grounding PTT should make the radio
transmit.
Check the radio manual. Perhaps a different value of R7 is needed.
PicCon may be receiving too much local RF energy.
Lower transmitter power, move the transmitting antenna further away, use short,
shielded audio cables, or try shielding the PicCon in a metal case.
Be sure it is set with the C2 or C3 command.
Check duration (A2) and transmission sequence (C4).
Remove initial delay (A4).
Reset PicCon.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the firmware .HEX file available so I can burn my own chips?
No. The only way to get a PicCon chip is preprogrammed from www.byonics.com.
What language is PicCon written in?
PicCon was written in PIC assembly.
Can I replace the ceramic resonator Y1 with a crystal?
Sure. You should add two small capacitors (about 6 pf) from each lead to ground, also.
I have other questions. Where do I go?
Questions can be addressed to [email protected]
Hints, Tricks, & Notes
• When using a single band radio, remote DTMF control commands will not be received while the radio is transmitting. It
is a good idea to have some off-the-air time in a transmission to allow controlling in such a situation.
• When PicCon is first powered up or reset, the Morse code ID contains the firmware version number. (i.e. PicCon/2.0)
• Entering undefined commands (i.e. A7, B9, etc.) will affect normal operation and is not recommended. Also, entering
parameters outside the specified range (i.e. B299) will not give the desired results and is not recommended
• A 9-volt battery connection can be added to the PicCon board to provide power when it is not supplied via the interface
jack J1. Connect the cathode (stripe side) of a second (not included) 1N914 diode to the cathode of D2. Connect the
anode of the second diode to the positive side of the 9-volt and any ground point of the PicCon board to the negative
side of the battery.
• PicCon was designed for hand held radios. Some mobile radios require more audio drive than PicCon puts out. If
outgoing audio level is too low, even with R8 adjusted to the maximum, R6 can be changed to a lower value (100K or
less) to give more range.
• PicCon can be affected by local RF energy. To avoid this, run the transmitter at low power and keep PicCon3 away from
the transmitting antenna. It may also help to use shielded cables and case, and toroid filters.
• Some durations can be stored in multiple ways. For example, A20230 is the same as A20190.
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PicCon
Assembly Instructions
version 1.03
These assembly instructions will aid in the building of PicCon. A complete Owner’s Manual, which includes this
information, plus pictures and further instructions, can be found at http://www.byonics.com/piccon.
Printed Circuit Board
Parts List
U1
U2
U3
Y1
Q1
R1
R2, R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
R8
C1, C2, C3,
C4, C5
D1
D2
SW1
J1
J2
PCB
PIC16F628-20/P programmed with
PICPAC firmware
M-8870-01 DTMF decoder
78L05 +5V voltage regulator
3.579 MHz ceramic resonator
2N2222A NPN transistor
1 K Ω resistor (brn-blk-red)
100 K Ω resistor (brn-blk-yel)
300 K Ω resistor (org-blk-yel)
10 K Ω resistor (brn-blk-org)
220 K Ω resistor (red-red-yel)
2.2 K Ω resistor (red-red-red)
10 K Ω trimmer potentiometer (103)
0.1 µf capacitor (104)
Green T1-3/4 LED
1N4148 diode
SPST switch (mom. cont.)
DB9 female solder cup connector
1x2 jumper header post
Jumper shunt
18 Pin DIP sockets (2)
PicCon Printed Circuit Board
Assembly Instructions
PicCon is a fairly simple construction project that can usually be built in less than an hour. You will need a low wattage
pencil-type soldering iron with a small tip, some thin solder, and a pair of diagonal cutters. The integrated circuits (U1 &
U2) are static sensitive, so use standard precautions. For each item, insert on the component side (white silk-screened
side), then turn the board over and solder the leads to the pads on the trace side. Be sure to only solder the correct pad,
and do not let any solder touch any other pad or trace. Trim any excess leads with diagonal cutters after soldering each
component. The following checklist will be useful to insure all components are properly assembled.
Install the two 18-pin IC sockets, one for U1, and one for U2. Be sure to align the notched end of the socket with
the marked end on the silk screen. First solder just two diagonally opposite pins of a socket, and check that the
socket sits flat on the PCB. Then solder the remaining socket pins. Do not insert the chips into the sockets at this
time.
Install capacitors C1 – C5. (0.1uf, 104). Direction does not matter. Bend the leads apart slightly after insertion to
prevent them from falling out when the PCB is upside-down for soldering.
Install resistors R1 (1K, brn-blk-red), R2 & R3 (100K, brn-blk-yel), R4 (300K, org-blk-yel), R5 (10K, brn-blk-org),
R6 (220K, red-red-ytel), and R7 (2.2K, red-red-red). For each resistor, bend one of the leads 180 degrees at the
bulb of the resistor so that both leads are parallel and 0.1 inch apart. Install vertically on the board. Polarity does
not matter. Bend the leads apart once inserted to hold in place and insert all 7 resistors before soldering.
Install transistor Q1 (2N2222A) Be sure to orient flat side to match the flat side shown on the silk-screen pattern.
Install voltage regulator U3 (78L05). Be sure to orient flat side to match the flat side shown on the silk-screen
pattern.
-1-
Install ceramic resonator Y1 (3.579 Mhz), which provides the clock oscillation for the chip. Direction does not
matter.
Install glass diode D2. (1N4148). Bend like resistors. The black stripe should be nearest the top edge of the
board, electrically closest to the pad just below C4.
Install potentiometer R8, (10K, 103),
Install LED D1 (green). Be sure to align the flat side of the LED with the shape on the silk-screen. If the LED does
not have a flat side, insert the anode (long lead) into the round pad closest to top edge of the board and the
cathode (short lead) into the square pad next to R1.
Install switch SW1. Leads may need to be bent a bit. Switch should snap into place.
Install 1x2 jumper post J2. Insert short side through the board.
Install female DB-9 radio connector J1. Wedge the board in between the two rows of solder cups, with the 5 pins
aligned with the 5 pads on the PCB. Solder just one pin first, and insure the connector is on straight. Then solder
on both sides of the PCB, all nine cups to the pads.
Assembly Completion
After all components have been installed, inspect the solder side of the board for poor or cold solder joints. All pads
should be shiny and smooth. Inspect for any undesired solder bridges. Use an ohmmeter or multimeter to be sure power
(socket pin 14) and ground (socket pin 5) on U1 are not connected. It would even be a good idea to power the board (see
below), and confirm +5 volts between socket pins 14 and 5. If the board looks ready, complete the assembly as follows.
Insert programmed microprocessor U1 (PIC16F628). The chips is static sensitive, so ground yourself by touching
a large metal object before touching the chip. The rows of pins may need to be bent slightly. Be sure to align the
notch on the chip with the notch on the socket, as well as the notch on the silk-screen. Be sure that the chips are
in their correct sockets. An improperly inserted chip may become permanently damaged.
Insert DTMF Decoder U2 (M-8870-01). Follow the instructions for U1 above.
Please refer to the PicCon Owner’s Manual available at http://www.byonics.com/piccon to complete the assembly, and
for more details and pictures. The User’s Manual has details on interfacing, testing notes, hints, and troubleshooting
suggestions. Feel free to email any questions or comments at http://www.byonics.com/contact.
Thank you for purchasing PicCon.
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PicCon Radio Transmitter Controller User's Manual
PicCon Radio Transmitter Controller User's
Manual
User's Manual version 1.2 Firmware version 1.5 Hardware version 1.0
Byon Garrabrant, N6BG
8378 Granite Mountain Lane
Las Vegas, NV 89129
[email protected]
http://www.qsl.net/n6bg/piccon/
General Description
PicCon is a PIC microcontroller based radio controller designed for hidden transmitter hunting. When
combined with a radio transmitter, it will produce tone sequences and Morse code messages at userprogrammed times. It is completely field programmable via DTMF tones, utilizes EEPROM for all
programmed options so they are remembered when power is removed, and is quite compact.
PicCon interfaces to a radio transceiver much like a packet radio TNC does. It is controlled by the audio
it receives from the radio, in the form of DTMF tones, and operates the radio by controlling the Push To
Talk (PTT) while sending audio in the form of tones and modulated CW Morse code.
PicCon includes an LED, to show which state the device is in, and a push-button switch, to allow the
starting and stopping of a transmission without requiring a DTMF receiver. There are two jumper options
on the board, one for power (on/off) , and one to activate PTT via the microphone line as is required by
most hand-held radios.
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PicCon is usually provided in kit form, which includes a manual, a printed circuit board, and all parts
necessary to build the board, excluding a chassis. A six conductor cable is provided to interface to
PicCon, but plugs for radio and power are not, since there are so many possible configurations. PicCon
draws only a few milliamps, and runs off any 7-35VDC source, including a standard 9-volt battery.
Acknowledgments
PicCon was developed with the help of many individuals who deserve recognition. Randy Holland
(KO6KC), Marty Mitchell (N6ZAV), Dave Lee (W6ZL), Steve Sobodos (KN6UX), Chris MacDonald
(KA6BTS), Ken Mirabella (KM6YH), Bob Barris, (KD6IFZ), Rachael Kent (KE6GIO), Dave Hess
(KD6LZA), Joe Moell (K0OV), David Tait, Andy Warren, and Lara Garrabrant (KD6AYO). Thanks go
to all these people for helping making PicCon all it is.
Printed Circuit Board Assembly Instructions
To assemble PicCon, the following equipment is necessary: a low wattage pencil-type soldering iron with
a small tip, some thin solder, a pair of small diagonal cutters, and a pair of needle nose pliers. The
integrated circuits are static sensitive, so use standard precautions. The following checklist will be useful
to insure all components are properly assembled. For each item, insert on the component side (white silkscreen side), then turn the board over and solder the leads on the green solder side. Be sure to only solder
to the correct pad, and do not let any solder touch any other pad or trace. Trim any excess leads with
diagonal cutters after soldering each item. Check with the Parts List for resistor color codes and capacitor
identification. The assembly process should take about 30 minutes.
Install the two 18-pin IC sockets, one for U1, and one for U2. Be sure to align the notched end of
the socket with the notch on the silk- screen.
Install capacitors C1, C2, C3 and C4. Polarity does not matter. Some leads may need to be bent to
0.1 inch spacing before insertion. See Parts List for identification.
Install resistors R2 - R7. For each resistor, fold one of the leads 180 degrees at the bulb of the
resistor so that both leads are parallel and about .1 inch apart. Install vertically on the board.
Polarity does not matter. Bend the leads apart once inserted to hold in place and insert all 6
resistors before soldering. See Parts List for color coding and identification.
Install glass diode D1. Bend the leads as was done with the resistors. Align the striped side of the
diode (cathode) with the stripe on the silk-screen (nearest the edge of the board).
Install potentiometer R1.
Install switch SW1.
Install LED DS1. The leads of the LED may need to be straightened before insertion. Be sure to
align the flat side of the LED (cathode) with the stripe on the silk-screen (closest to the RJ11 jack
J1). Leave about inch between the LED and the board so that the LED may be bent 90 degrees
over and aligned with the front edge of J1.
Install 1x2 jumper posts J2 and J3. Insert short side through board.
Install voltage regulator Q2. Be sure to orient with the pattern shown on the silk-screen.
Install transistor Q1. Be sure to orient with the pattern shown on the silk-screen.
Install RJ-11 jack J1. Push through large holes before soldering.
Install crystal X1. Polarity does not matter.
After all items have been installed, inspect the solder side of the board for poor or cold solder joints. All
pads should be shiny and smooth. Inspect for any undesired solder bridges. If the board looks ready,
insert the two integrated circuits into their sockets. The rows of pins may need to be bent slightly. Be sure
to align the notch in each chip with the notch on the socket, as well as the notch on the board's silk-screen
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PicCon Radio Transmitter Controller User's Manual
(nearest the edge of the board). Also be sure that the chips are in their correct sockets. Improperly
inserted chips may be permanently damaged!
Parts List
Part
PCB
Description
PicCon Printed Circuit Board
Source
Byon Garrabrant, N6BG
U1
PIC 16F84 microcontroller (with PicCon firmware) Byon Garrabrant, N6BG
U2
X1
SSI 202 DTMF decoder
3.579545 crystal
B.G. Micro
B.G. Micro
Q1
2N2222A NPN transistor (R327)
B.G. Micro
Q2
R1
78L05 voltage regulator
1KW potentiometer (102)
Digi-Key NJM78L05A-ND
Digi-Key 36C13-ND
R2
R3
1 MW resistor (brn-blk-grn)
22 KW resistor (red-red-org)
Digi-Key 1.0MQBK-ND
Digi-Key 22KQBK-ND
R4,R5
10 KW resistor (brn-blk-org)
Digi-Key 10KQBK-ND
R6
R7
2.2 KW resistor (red-red-red)
1 KW resistor (brn-blk-red)
Digi-Key 2.2KQBK-ND
Digi-Key 1.0KQBK-ND
C1,C2,C3 .1 mf capacitor (104)
B.G. Micro
C4
SW1
.01 mf capacitor (103)
SPST Switch (mom. cont.)
B.G. Micro
Digi-Key EG1840-ND
J1
6 conductor RJ-11 jack
Digi-Key A9031-ND
D1
DS1
1N914 Diode (1N4148)
Red T1-3/4 LED
B.G. Micro
B.G. Micro
J2,J3
1x2 Jumper header posts (2)
B.G. Micro
Jumper shunts (2)
18 pin dip sockets (2)
B.G. Micro
B.G. Micro
Byon Garrabrant, N6BG
B.G Micro
Digi-Key
[email protected]
(800) 276-2206
(800) 344-4539
8128 Kokoma Dr.
PO Box 280298
701 Brooks Ave.
Las Vegas, NV 89128 Dallas, TX 75228 Thief River Falls, MN 56701
Interface Cable Assembly Instructions
PicCon's radio and power interface is connected through the RJ-11 jack (J1). When the jack is viewed
from the front (opening towards you, soldered pins down), the pins are numbered 1 to 6 (from left to
right) with their functions listed below. The pins on the plug of the cable, when viewed from the end (clip
down) are numbered 6 to 1 (from left to right). The colors shown below are standard, but should be
double checked.
Pin Function
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Color
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1 Radio Push to Talk (PTT)
white
2 Radio Ground
black
3 Radio transmit audio (MIC)
red
4 Radio received audio (SPKR) green
5 Positive DC Power (+)
6 Negative DC Ground (-)
yellow
blue
The power leads (pins 5 and 6, furthest from the LED) should be connected to a 9-volt battery connector
or any other 7-35 volt DC source. Do not confuse power pins 5 and 6 with the red and black wires (pins 2
and 3).
Consult the radio's owner's manual for more details on the radio interface. Most hand held radios (other
than Kenwood) do not need pin 1 (PTT) connected, but instead need PTT jumper J3 on the board to be
closed. If PTT is wired to the radio, board jumper J3 should be left open (off).
Printed Circuit Board Use
Jumper J2 can be used to control power to PicCon. When closed (on), power will be passed to the rest of
the circuit. When open (off) PicCon will not operate. This jumper can be replaced with an external power
switch, if desired. Jumper J3 connects the Radio PTT to the Radio MIC with a resistor as required for
most hand held radios. If this connection is not needed, jumper J3 should be left open (off).
Potentiometer R1 controls the outgoing MIC audio level. Adjust so that audio tones are comfortable
when heard on a second receiver.
Operations Overview
Basic PicCon operation is simple. When started, PicCon will send a transmission sequence to a radio
transmitter over and over again. A transmission sequence consists of between two and eight of the
following: off-the-air delays, tone sequences, and Morse code IDs (although typically, only a tone
sequence and a Morse code ID are needed). After the transmission sequence is sent, it will restart, either
immediately, or, after a pre-programmed delay. The transmission sequence can optionally be
programmed with an initial delay of over 100 hours and the sequence can optionally be programmed to
stop running after up to 100 hours. The transmission sequence can be started, stopped, or re-started at any
time. All parameters for the transmission can be pre-programmed, including the tones, speed, and
duration of the tone sequence, speed and tone of the Morse code ID, delay duration, the transmission
sequence order and loop time, initial delay and total run time.
There are also several special modes which can be applied if desired. These include random tone
sequences, random tone durations, random Morse code ID frequency, various LED modes, a CW mode
and a one-shot mode. There is also a special mode to comply with IARU International T-Hunting Rules.
PicCon can also be locked and unlocked via DTMF to prevent unwanted controlling.
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Timings
There are five timing parameters which can be adjusted to configure PicCon. The tone sequence timer
controls how long the tone sequence will run, each time it is included in the transmission sequence. The
transmission delay controls how long PicCon will delay without transmission, each time it is included in
the transmission sequence. The transmission loop time controls how often to restart the transmission
sequence. The initial delay controls a one-time off-the-air delay before starting transmissions, and the
total run time controls how long to send transmissions before stopping.
For example, assume the transmission delay is set to 0, the tone sequence timer is set to 10 seconds, and
the transmission loop time is set to 30 seconds. Also assume the transmission sequence is set to delay tones - ID and that the initial delay and total run time are both set to 0 (off). When started, PicCon would
delay send the tone sequence for 10 seconds, send the Morse ID (about 5 seconds depending on speed
and duration), and then delay off the air for about 15 seconds. Then the sequence would start over again
with the tone sequence for 10 seconds, starting exactly 30 after the last time it started.
LED modes
The LED serves multiple purposes for PicCon. In the normal LED mode, the LED will flash quickly
when receiving DTMF or when the switch SW1 is pressed. It will be on without flashing when PTT is
active. It will flash 3 times per second when it is being programmed, and will flash once per second when
running, but not currently transmitting. When in the alternate LED mode, the LED will be solid when
receiving DTMF or when the switch SW1 is pressed, and will flash when it is being programmed. The
LED can also be completely disabled.
Normal mode Alternate mode
ON
-
Meaning
PTT active
Fast Flash
ON
Receiving DTMF or SW1 pressed
Medium Flash Medium Flash
Programming
Slow Flash
Running, but not PTT
Quick Start
After assembling PicCon and the interface cable, connect to the radio and battery/power supply. The
LED should flash twice if all it working correctly. When PicCon is initially started or after it has been
reset, the only programming that must be done before operation is setting the Morse ID to the operator's
callsign. This is done with the C1 command. A remote transmitter can be used, or the radio connected to
PicCon. To use the connected radio, PTT may need to be pressed by hand while DTMF is sent. Most
radios will send the DTMF tones out the radio's earphone jack when it transmits them, so PicCon should
be able to use then. To program the Morse ID, send DTMF "C", then DTMF "1", followed by a number
of two-digit codes, each representing a letter or number in the desired callsign. The letter "A" is entered
with the code 01, "B" with 02, and so on. The numerals 0 to 9 are entered as DTMF "3" followed by the
DTMF of the numeral itself. The callsign entry is completed with a DTMF "#". (For example, to enter
the callsign N6BG, send the following DTMF digits: "C1 14 36 02 07 #".) Modify the example and enter
the correct callsign now. After the callsign is entered, operations can begin by pressing SW1 or sending a
DTMF "1". This will start PicCon transmitting with the default tone sequence and transmission sequence
and timing. It can be stopped by pressing SW1 again. Operation can be then further configured with the
commands below.
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Control Commands
PicCon can be controlled via either a single DTMF tone command or a manual switch (SW1). "Controls"
consist of starting and stopping a transmission, locking, unlocking and resetting PicCon. When a
transmission is started, or re-started if already running, all delay and loop timers are reset, and the
transmission begins with the first item in the transmission sequence. If a transmission delay has been
programmed, that time must pass before the transmission will begin. The transmission will continue to
run until controlled to stop, power is removed, or total run time is reached, if programmed. Pressing the
manual switch (SW1) has the same function as DTMF "2".
1
Start transmission
2
3
4
Toggle transmission on/off
Stop transmission
Lock DTMF control
0
Reset PicCon EEPROM
SW1 Toggle transmission on/off
Start Transmission (1)
This command is used to begin a transmission. If no initial delay is programmed, and the transmission
sequence starts with tones or the Morse ID, radio transmissions should begin immediately. All timers are
reset when a transmission is started. If a transmission is already running, it will be restarted.
Toggle Transmission ON/OFF (2 or SW1 press)
This command will function like the Start Transmission if no transmission is running, or like the Stop
Transmission if a transmission is running or if PicCon is in the initial delay mode.
Stop Transmission (3)
This command is used to stop the currently running transmission. If no transmission is running, this has
no effect.
Lock DTMF Control (4)
This command is used to lock out further DTMF controlling and programming. It can be unlocked by
entering a '#', followed by the DTMF unlock code (set with A6xxxx). The default unlock code is 0000.
When locked, the LED will not flash with received DTMF, however SW1 will continue to function.
Reset PicCon EEPROM (0)
This command is used to reset PicCon's EEPROM to the original settings. This may be required if
parameters get programmed to improper values. To activate, press and hold switch SW1 and send DTMF
0. This will clear all previously programmed options, including Morse code ID.
Programming Commands
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PicCon can be programmed via short DTMF tone sequences. All programming begins with an DTMF A,
B, C, or D, and most options can be set with 4 or 6 tones. The DTMF '#' will cancel any incomplete
programming command that starts with A or B, and is used to complete any programming command that
starts with C. Programming can be done while PicCon is transmitting, although timing may be slightly
affected. The following chart shows the programming commands.
A1mmss
A2mmss
A3mmss
A4hhmm
Set transmission delay to mm minutes and ss seconds
Set tones duration to mm minutes and ss seconds
Set transmission loop time to mm minutes and ss seconds
Set initial delay time to hh hours and mm minutes
A5hhmm
A6xxxxx
B1xx
B2xx
B3xx
B4xx
Set total run time to hh hours and mm minutes
Set DTMF unlock code to xxxx
Set tones sequence speed (00-99)
Set Morse code speed in words per minute (05-30)
Set Morse code tone (01-99)
Set Operation Mode A Flags
B5xx
C1....#
C2....#
C3....#
C4....#
Dx
Set Operation Mode B Flags
Set Morse code message
Set simple tone sequence (1 digit per tone)
Set detailed tone sequence (2 digits per tone)
Set transmission sequence
Set IARU Mode
Set Transmission Delay (A1mmss)
This command is used to set an off-the-air delay time of between 0 seconds and over 100 minutes. To be
used, this delay must be placed in the transmission sequence. This delay will not be needed for typical
operations, and should only be used when offsetting multiple PicCons which will be started
simultaneously, or for a non-trivial transmission sequence. Typical transmissions should use the
transmission loop time (A3mmss) for setting off-the-air delays. DTMF format is "A1" followed by 2
digits for number of minutes, and then 2 digits for number of seconds.
Examples: A10000 - no delay
A10030 - 30 second delay
A10210 - 2 minute 10 second delay
Set Tones Duration (A2mmss)
This command is used to set the amount of time that the tone sequence is transmitted. Valid range is
between 0 seconds and over 100 minutes. The radio PTT is keyed and the tone sequence is repeated
during this time. To be used, the tone sequence must be placed in the Transmission Sequence. DTMF
format is "A2" followed by 2 digits of number for minutes, and then 2 digits for number of seconds.
Examples: A20000 - no tone sequence
A20030 - 30 seconds of tones
A20210 - 2 minute 10 seconds of tones
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Set Transmission Loop Time (A3mmss)
This command is used to set how often the transmission sequence loops. Valid range is between 0
seconds and over 100 minutes. When set to 0000, the transmission restarts as soon as it ends. When set to
something other than 0000, the controller goes into a waiting state when it completes a transmission,
until the designated time has elapsed since the transmission was started. At this time, the transmission
restarts. If the transmission has not yet completed, it will still be restarted. DTMF format is "A3"
followed by 2 digits for number of minutes, and then 2 digits for number of seconds.
Examples: A30000 - loop upon completion of transmission
A30030 - loop transmission every 30 seconds
A30210 - loop transmission every 2 minutes 10 seconds
Set Initial Delay Time (A4hhmm)
This command is used to set a one-time initial delay. When a transmission is started, either via DTMF or
switch press, PicCon will wait for the specified amount of time before beginning the transmission. If set
to 0000, the transmission will begin without delay. Valid range is between 0 minutes and over 100 hours.
DTMF format is "A4" followed by 2 digits for number of hours, and then 2 digits for number of minutes.
Examples: A40130 - Set Initial delay to 1 hour 30 minutes
A40000 - Do not use an initial delay
Set Total Run Time (A5hhmm)
This command is used to set a total transmission run time. When set to 0000, the transmission will only
stop when commanded via DTMF or switch press. When set to something other than 0000, the
transmission will stop after the specified amount of time. The Initial Delay Time (A4) is not included in
the total run time. DTMF format is "A5" followed by 2 digits for number of hours, and then 2 digits for
number of minutes.
Examples: A50130 - Set run for a total of 1 hour and 30 minutes
A50000 - Run until commanded to stop
Set DTMF Unlock Code (A6xxxx)
This command is used to set a code to unlock PicCon when it has been DTMF locked. PicCon is locked
via a DTMF "4" command. To unlock a locked PicCon, enter the pound sign (#), followed by the DTMF
unlock code programmed with this command (xxxx). While PicCon is locked, the LED will not flash
with received DTMF commands, as it normally does when unlocked. DTMF lock state will be cleared if
power is removed. Default unlock code is 0000. DTMF format is "A6" followed by a 4 digit number.
Examples: A61234 - Set DTMF unlock code to 1234
Set Tone Speed (B1xx)
This command is used to set the how fast the tone sequence tones are played. Valid range is between 00
(very slow) and 99 (very fast). DTMF format is "B1" followed by 2 digits for speed.
Examples: B102 - play tones slowly
B195 - play tones quickly
Set Morse Code ID Speed (B2xx)
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This command is used to set the how fast the Morse code ID is sent in words per minute. Valid range is
between 05 (wpm) and 30 (wpm). DTMF format is "B2" followed by 2 digits for speed.
Examples: B208 - play Morse code at 8 words per minute
B227 - play Morse code at 27 words per minute
Set Morse Code ID Tone (B3xx)
This command is used to set the tone frequency of the Morse code ID. Valid range is between 01 (low)
and 99 (high). The specific frequency used is [ 27965 / ( 110 - tone ) ] Hz. DTMF format is "B3"
followed by a 2 digit tone.
Examples: B375 - play Morse code ID at 799Hz [27965/(110-75)Hz]
B354 - play Morse code ID at 499Hz [27965/(110-54)Hz]
B382 - play Morse code ID at 999Hz [27965/(110-82)Hz]
Set Operation Mode A Flags (B4xx)
This command is used to set the first group of miscellaneous mode options, which are shown below.
1 Random Tone Sequence
2 Random Tone Speed
4 Random Morse Code Tone
8 Use alternate LED mode
16 Disable LED
32 Auto-Start on Power-Up
Random Tone Sequence (1)
When this mode is set, the programmed tone sequence is ignored and a random tone sequence is used.
Random Tone Speed (2)
When this mode is set, the programmed tone speed is ignored and a random tone speed is used.
Random Morse Code Tone (4)
When this mode is set, the Morse Code ID will play at a random tone each time.
Use Alternate LED mode (8)
When this mode is set, an alternate LED mode will be used. The LED will be on when DTMF is received
or the switch is pressed, and will flash when in programming mode. This mode does not show PTT or
running state.
Disable LED (16)
When this mode is set, the LED will not light or flash.
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Auto-Start on Power-Up (32)
When this mode is set, PicCon will automatically start the transmission when power is applied.
To set the operation mode A flags, add the codes of the desired option. Valid range is between 00 and 63.
DTMF format is "B4" followed by a 2 digit "sum code".
Examples: B400 - Use no special A operation modes
B403 - Play random tones at random speeds (03 = 2 + 1)
B433 - Auto-Start transmission and play random tones at the programmed speed. (33 = 32 + 1)
Set Operation Mode B Flags (B5xx)
This command is used to set the second group of miscellaneous mode options, which are shown below.
1 Only run once
2 CW mode
Only run once (1)
When this mode is set, PicCon will stop running after one iteration of the C4 transmission sequence. This
is useful for "one-shot" transmissions or Ids.
CW mode (2)
When this mode is set, the PTT is keyed only when audio is generated. This mode is intended for 80meter CW hunts and other non-FM based transmitters. It is recommended for use during a Morse ID only
hunt, or when using the IARU mode. The audio is still present on the audio out line, but should not be
needed.
To set the operation mode B flags, add the codes of the desired option. Valid range is between 00 and 03.
DTMF format is "B5" followed by a 2 digit "sum code".
Examples: B502 - Run in CW mode
Set Morse Code ID (C1xxxx.#)
This command is used to set the Morse code ID. The ID may be up to 14 characters. All characters are
entered as 2 digit numbers. The letters are entered as an ordinal number (A = 01, B = 02, Z = 26). The
numbers are entered as "3" followed by the number (1 = 31, 9 = 39). A space is entered as 00. A
complete chart is below. DTMF format is "C1" followed by up to 14 two-digit character codes, and
completed with a "#".
Example: C1 14 36 02 07 00 20 31 # - set ID to "N6BG T1"
A 01 G 07 M 13 S 19 Y 25 0 30 5 35 ? 40
B 02 H 08 N 14 T 20 Z 26 1 31 6 36 BT 41
C 03 I 09 O 15 U 21 / 27 2 32 7 37 AR 42
D 04 J 10 P 16 V 22 , 28 3 33 8 38 SK 43
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E 05 K 11 Q 17 W 23 . 29 4 34 9 39
F 06 L 12 R 18 X 24
SPACE 00
Set Simple Tone Sequence (C2xxx.#)
This command is used to set the tone sequence. Up to 28 tones can be entered, each one being 1 of 9
tones or silence. All tones are entered as a single DTMF digit from 0 to 9 where 0 is silence, 1 is the
lowest tone, and 9 is the highest. The sequence loops for the tone duration time and speed is set with the
"set tone speed" command. This command is simpler to use than the Set Detailed Tone Sequence
Command because only one DTMF digit per tone is needed, but it only allows the use of 9 different
tones. Only one tone sequence can be stored, so this command clears a detailed tone sequence. DTMF
format is "C2" followed by up to 28 single-digits, and completed with a "#".
Example: C2123045607890# - set the tone sequence to rising groups of three
Set Detailed Tone Sequence (C3xxxx.#)
This command is used to set the tone sequence. Up to 28 tones and be entered, each one being 1 of 99
tones or silence. All tones are entered as a 2 DTMF digits from 00 to 99 where 00 is silence, 01 is the
lowest tone, and 99 is the highest. The frequency of each tone is [27965/(110- tone)] Hz. The sequence
loops for the tone duration time and speed is set with the "set tone speed" command. This command is
more difficult to use than the Set Simple Tone Sequence Command because two DTMF digits per tone
are needed, but it allows the use of 99 different tones. Only one tone sequence can be stored, so this
command clears a simple tone sequence. DTMF format is "C3" followed by up to 28 double-digits, and
completed with a "#".
Example: C3 10 20 30 00 40 50 60 00 # - set the tone sequence to rising groups of three
The following chart gives the PicCon two-digit tone equivalent to common musical notes starting with
middle C.
C 03 F 30 B 53 E 68 A 78 D 86 G 92
D 15 G 39 C 57 F 70 B 82 E 89 A 94
E 25 A 46 D 62 G 74 C 83 F 90 B 96
Set Transmission Sequence (C4xxxx.#)
This command is used to set the transmission sequence. Up to 8 sequence elements can be entered,
consisting of an off-the-air delay (DTMF "1"), a tone sequence (DTMF "2"), and a Morse code ID
(DTMF "3"). Each element is entered as a single DTMF digit between 1 and 3. The chart below also
shows the which DTMF digit to use for each element. DTMF format is "C4" followed by up to 8 DTMF
digits, and completed with a "#".
Examples: C4 2 3 # - set a transmission sequence to tones and Morse ID. This make a good simple
sequence.
C4 2 1 3 1 # - set transmission sequence to tones, delay, Morse code ID, delay.
1 off-the-air delay
2 tone sequence
3 Morse code ID
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Set IARU Mode (Dx)
This command is used to enable IARU mode. In IARU mode, the tone sequence is replaced by Morse
Code "MOE" for T 1, "MOI" for T2, etc. Switch SW1 must be pressed and held while activating this
mode . The digit after the D is the T number, between 1 and 9. When this mode is set, tone speed (B1xx)
should be updated by the user to a value between 04 and 20. The tone sequence duration (A2) determines
how long the sequence will run. To clear IARU mode, reprogram the tone sequence with C2 or C3.
DTMF format is "D" followed by a DTMF digits 1 to 9 while holding down SW1. Examples: D3 will set
IARU mode with tone sequence "MOS"
Hints, Tricks, and Notes
When using a single band radio, remote DTMF control commands will not be received while the radio is
transmitting. It is a good idea to have some off-the-air time in a transmission to allow controlling in such
a situation.
When PicCon is first powered up or reset, the Morse code ID contains the firmware version number. (i.e.
PicCon/1.0)
Entering undefined commands (i.e. A7, B9, etc.) will affect normal operation and is not recommended.
Also, entering parameters outside the specified range (i.e. B299) will not give the desired results and is
not recommended
A 9-volt battery connection can be added to the PicCon board to provide power when it is not supplied
via the interface jack J1. Connect the cathode (stripe side) of a second (not included) 1N914 diode to the
cathode of D1. Connect the anode of the second diode to the positive side of the 9-volt and any ground
point of the PicCon board to the negative side of the battery.
If outgoing audio level is too low, even with R1 adjusted to the maximum, R3 can be changed to a lower
value (10K) to give more range.
Troubleshooting
If the LED does not flash when power is applied, check the voltage source, jumper J2, IC orientation, and
all traces.
If the LED does not flash with DTMF, adjust radio volume level, and check traces for solder bridges.
If audio is not received from the radio, or if audio is not being sent to the radio, check the interface cable
for shorts and opens with a multi-meter.
If radio PTT is not activating, check that jumper J3 is correctly configured.
If the tone sequence is not being transmitted, be sure it is set with the C2 or C3 command, its duration is
set with the A2 command, and that it is included in the transmission sequence (C4). Also be sure there is
no initial delay (A4).
Schematic
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PCB Artwork
Trace layout - solder side
Parts placement - component side
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Back to the PicCon page
This page by Byon Garrabrant N6BG [email protected] 10/7/97
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Programming the Byonics PicCon Fox Hunt Controller
(6-13)
by AA4UK
This is a personal page of what I’ve learned and how I programmed my PicCon Fox Hunt Controller. This page
could have some errors. By using these instruction pages you agree that this use is solely at your own risk, and
agree that the author will not be liable for any losses, injuries, or damages from the use of these
instructions. Use the Byonics PicCon manuals and data for exact programming instructions, and for electronic
harness purchase and wiring information.
The PicCon is a Fox (Transmitter) Hunt Controller. Once it is programmed as you wish, it will key a radio, send
repetitive tones via a microphone connection, send your call sign in Morse Code, and stop transmitting for a
quiet radio cool down period. It will keep repeating this cycle until you shut it off physically or remotely by
using the DTMF tone keypad of a remote radio.
There are 6 basic, and 2 optional items to program for a simple fox hunt, they are:
1 - Musical Tones Time 2 - Total Cycle Time 3 - Morse Code ID Speed 4 - Morse Audio Frequency 5 - Your Call
Sign 6 - Musical Rhythm Speed 7 - (optional) Secret Lock Code 8 - (optional) Battery Connection Auto Start.
The PicCon is programmed via DTMF touch tones from the fox-radio or from a remote transceiver using the
same simplex frequency. To program a setting, you send keypad tones by holding in the transmit push-to-talk
button (PTT) and pressing one of the A,B,C,D buttons on the keypad, some numbers, possibly the "#", and then
releasing the PTT. The PicCon receives these tones via the speaker jack connection and enters them into its
non-volatile EEPROM memory. Since it programs and responds to these tones, the volume on the fox-radio
(radio connected to the PicCon) must be turned up to an normal audible level so the PicCon can actually hear
them. Remember, since it receives tones - the PicCon can only be programmed or controlled while it is quiet
(not transmitting). The fox-radio (radio connected to PicCon) doesn’t require a keypad, it could be an older
radio or an HT that has a low power setting. It could still be started and stopped using the case button, or by
applying and removing voltage, and the PicCon could still be programmed and controlled remotely with a radio
that does have a keypad.
Personally, I prefer to use a remote radio to program and control the PicCon. This way you’re leaving the foxbox-setup (radio, PicCon, harness, battery, antenna, switches, fan, etc.) alone, and this assures you that you can
program and control all functions from a distance - which could be handy at a hidden fox site.
NOTE - Before you change any original factory settings – listen with a remote radio, on the same simplex
frequency, to make sure the PicCon is keying and sending tones and an ID message repetitively.
Once the harness is connected to the radio, the PicCon has voltage available, volume up a little, antenna or
dummy load connected, radio on lowest power (while programming) then you can press the SW1 button on the
PicCon Case to start a transmitting sequence. If there is no keying/transmission and tones are not heard via a
remote radio on the same simplex frequency, then don’t make any changes and find out what the problem is
before using any of these instructions. Consider asking a fellow Fox Hunter who owns a PicCon to help get your
system going. If it is working ok then press the PicCon case button SW1, or remove power to stop the unit.
-------------------------------------------The following are my programmed settings examples. Enter these settings and listen to how they sound, then
modify these settings to meet your needs.
Your programming/control radio (either the fox-radio or a remote radio) must have a working DTMF tone
keypad with ABCD buttons. For safety, while programming, turn your power to low-as-possible to avoid too
much RF to yourself and to avoid overloading the receiver of a second near-by radio.
For this first setting below 1.(A2), with the volume on the fox-radio turned up to a normal audible level, using
either the keypad on the fox-radio or a remote radio, you would hold in the transmitt button (PTT) and enter
from the keypad " A 2 0 0 4 8 ", then release the PTT. These tones should have carried from the fox-radio's
speaker jack to the PicCon and this setting should now be entered in PicCon's memory.
1. (A2) Set the Musical Tones Time: PTT A20048 - This example sets the transmit time to 00 minutes and 48
seconds. Your Morse code ID (about 12 seconds) will be added to this A2 time which will be about 60 seconds
of transmit “ON” time.
NOTE: Do Not Setup Long Transmit Times that may overheat and damage your radio. Operate well within your
radio’s duty-cycle specifications, don’t transmit from inside a hot-summer-time car or in direct hot sunlight.
Make sure your radio is not overheating, add heat-sink fins and a cooling fan - do whatever it takes to keep your
radio cool and safe. Run only enough power to get the job done. Instead use a better antenna or add height.
Less power makes for a more enjoyable hunt - even five watts is hard to locate at close range.
2. (A3) Set the Total Cycle Time: PTT A30145 - This example is 01 minutes and 45 seconds, which consists of
48 seconds repetitive tones, 12 sec. Morse Code ID, and 45 seconds of cool-down no-transmit quiet time.
Once the Tone Time and Total Cycle Time are set, the unit should stop transmitting after the Total Cycle Time,
then when quiet, you can PTT 2, or PTT 3 to completely stop transmissions. PTT 1 or PTT 2 will restart
transmissions. Using the PTT 2 to both start and stop has been most reliable for me. The PicCon Case switch
SW1 will always start and stop transmissions.
3. (B2) Set the Morse Code ID Speed: PTT B213 - Programs at 13 wpm, 05 to 27 wpm is possible.
4. (B3) Set the Morse Code Tones-frequency: PTT B350 - Sets to 50, 01 to 99 represents 256hz to 2542hz.
5. (C1) Set the Morse Code Identifier (your call sign): You will enter C1 , two digit codes from the chart below,
and end with pound sign # ( PTT C1 04 05 00 00 .. .. .. .. .. .. 00 00 .. .. .. .. .. .. # ).
Example: PTT C1 04 05 00 00 23 24 34 24 25 26 00 00 23 24 34 24 25 26 #
This will send: DE pause WX4XYZ pause WX4XYZ . Replace WX4XYZ (23 24 34 24 25 26) with your call sign letters
using this chart.
Pause 00 Slash 27
a 01 b 02 c 03 d 04 e 05 f 06 g 07 h 08 I 09 j 10 k 11 l 12 m 13
n 14 o 15 p 16 q 17 r 18 s 19 t 20 u 21 v 22 w 23 x 24 y 25 z 26
0 30 1 31 2 32 3 33 4 34 5 35 6 36 7 37 8 38 9 39
6. (B1) Set the Rhythm Speed of the Musical Tones: PTT B175 - Set to 75, range of 00 slow to 99 fast.
7. (A6) Optional - enter a 4 digit Secret Lock Code PTT A60000 (use your own 4 digit secret code instead of
0000). This feature can lock the unit so it will not receive any over-the-air commands. This could prevent
others from maliciously stopping or even reprogramming your PicCon during a fox hunt transmissions. Then if
needed, send #0000 (or your secret code) to unlock, send your commands, and then relock with PTT 4 .
To turn Lock “ON” PTT 4 , To turn Lock “OFF” PTT #0000 , or remove power.
Two other lock methods would be to simply turn the volume of the fox-radio all the way down which will
probably not allow commands from any remote radio, but test this idea with your radio to see if it does actually
stop commands. Also simply removing the speaker jack plug or adding a switch in the speaker wire (non
grounded conductor) should inhibit unwanted programming or commands.
8. (B4) Optional – Battery Auto Start: PTT B432 - 32 turns this function “ON” , PTT B400 turns it “OFF”.
This setting makes the PicCon start sending when it is initially connected to a battery. This setting could be used
with a fox box using a switch from the battery to the PicCon which would start the fox transmissions. At the
end of a hunt you could turn the switch off - which would stop transmissions and depower to the PicCon. If you
put your components in a tackle or ammo box (fox box), then it might be a good idea to put the power switch
inside the box to keep passer-bys from switching it off.
-------------------------------------------Optional - To do a RESET of the EEPROM & erase your Morse ID & change all settings back to the factory
default: Hold the (SW1) case button in and also PTT 0. (may need to do this twice to work)
-------------------------------------------REMEMBER: Once you are programmed - you can:
Start and Stop your fox transmission by pressing the case button (SW1), or with PTT 2
Lock the PicCon so remote entries cannot be made PTT 4
Unlock the PicCon by entering your Secret Code PTT # 0000 (or your 4 digit secret code)
------------------------------------------FOX BOX CHEAT SHEET ( keep a copy of this in your fox-box)
Toggle ON & OFF with PTT 2 or SW1 button. Keep Fox radio volume to audible level.
1. (A2) Musical Tones Time:
PTT A20048 (00 min & 48 sec + 12 CW ID = 60 sec ON)
2. (A3) Total Cycle Time:
PTT A30145 (01 min & 45 sec = ~ 45 sec. OFF no TX)
3. (B2) Morse Code ID Speed: PTT B213
(13 wpm, 05 to 27 wpm is possible)
4. (B3) Morse Tones-freq:
PTT B350
(50 ~ 1150hz, 01 to 99 = 256hz to 2542hz)
5. (C1) CW ID: PTT C1 04 05 00 00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 00 00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # (replace _ _ from chart)
6. (B1) Rhythm Musical Tones: PTT B175
(75, 00 to 99 = slow to fast)
7. (A6) Enter Secret Lock Code: PTT A60000 (0000 = default, enter your secret code)
Lock the PicCon PTT 4 , Unlock PTT # 0000 (or your 4 digit secret code)
8. (B4) Battery Auto Start to “ON”
PTT B432 , turn “OFF” PTT B400
Chart for Morse Code ID Characters
a 01 b 02 c 03 d 04 e 05 f 06 g 07 h 08 I 09 j 10 k 11 l 12 m 13
n 14 o 15 p 16 q 17 r 18 s 19 t 20 u 21 v 22 w 23 x 24 y 25 z 26
0 30 1 31 2 32 3 33 4 34 5 35 6 36 7 37 8 38 9 39 Pause 00 Slash 27
Full RESET to factory defaults: Press case button “with” PTT 0 (may need to do twice)