Guide for Spanish 261 Spanish for the Professions (Medical Spanish) ARE YOU READY TO TAKE SPANISH 261? USE THIS GUIDE TO FIND OUT! This guide, while by no means exhaustive, lists key prior knowledge (vocabulary and grammar) which you should have a good grasp on before taking Spanish 261. While it is not necessary to know every single word, nearly all of it should be language you have already seen and can use with reasonable confidence. This background will help you make the most out of the intensive 3-week experience of Spanish 261. Review the topics below (starting on p. 2) and evaluate yourself! If, after reading through everything … … 75%+ of the topics are familiar/accessible: You are likely ready for Span 261. You are encouraged to use this guide to refresh your Spanish before the first day of class and learn any isolated words which may be unfamiliar. … 50-75% of the topics are familiar/accessible: You may be ready for Span 261. We would only recommend you take the course if you have ample time and resources to study (8-10 hours) before the first day of class. … <50% of the topics are familiar/accessible: You are likely not ready for Span 261. The course is intensive and fast-paced, and we don’t want anyone to feel lost. Consider taking Span 101 or 102 in the summer or during the regular school year to improve on the basics! Guide for Spanish 261 Spanish for the Professions (Medical Spanish) VOCABULARIO QUESTION WORDS Know the basic question words: qué, cuál(es), por qué, (a/de) quién, (a/de/en) dónde, cómo, cuánt@s Ask and answer questions: ¿Por qué estudias español? ---Porque me gusta. SUBJECT PRONOUNS Know the subject pronouns: yo, tú, usted, él, ella, nosotr@s, ustedes, ell@s Know that in Spanish, subject pronouns are not required to be grammatically correct I am from Vancouver: Yo soy de Vancouver / Soy de Vancouver SER + ADJECTIVES Describing a person’s appearance: viejo/joven, delgado/gordo, alto/bajo, rubio/ trigueño, fuerte/ débil, moreno/ blanco, bonito/feo, etc.) Ask and respond to questions like this, using ser: ¿Cómo es tu mejor amigo? ---Mi amigo es alto, moreno y muy guapo. Él es trabajador, simpático y muy cómico. ESTAR +ADJECTIVES Describing how a person is feeling: relajado/ nervioso, ansioso, enojado/ alegre-contento-feliz, preocupado/despreocupado, aburrido, etc. Ask and respond to questions like this, using estar: ¿Cómo está tu mejor amiga? ---Ella está muy feliz y relajada. COLORS Know the basic colors: rojo, anaranjado, amarillo, verde, azul, morado, rosado, café-marrón, negro, blanco, gris Ask and respond to questions like: ¿De qué color son los libros? ---Los libros son azules. NUMBERS Know numbers 1-1000 Know how to say years in Spanish (as whole numbers, not 19-95) Ask and respond to questions like: ¿Cuántos estudiantes hay? ---Hay veinticinco estudiantes. CLOTHING Know many clothing items, such as: blusa, camisa, camiseta, pantalones, zapatos, medias, vestido, abrigo, sandalias, bata de casa, pantuflas, sombreros, gorros, guantes, botas, etc. Verbs related to clothing: llevar, usar, quedar bien/mal, etc. Ask and respond to questions related to clothing: ¿Qué ropa llevas hoy? ---Hoy llevo unos vaqueros azules y una blusa blanca . HOUSE Be familiar with the rooms of the house and some to several of the items found within: sala: sofá, sillones, mesitas, lámparas, ventanas, alfombras comedor: mesa , sillas, platos, cucharas, tenedores, cuchillos, vasos, mantel cocina: estufa, horno, refrigerador, fregadero, lavaplatos, filtro de agua, comida baño: ducha, inodoro, lavamanos, calefacción, papel sanitario, jabón, champú, toallas, espejo cuarto/recámara: cama, clóset, armario, cómoda, sábanas, frazadas-colchas-cobijas, colchón garaje/cochera: carro-automóvil-coche, camioneta, gasolina, motor, moderno, antiguo, deportivo, elegante Ask and respond to questions related to your home, using verbs like ser, estar, tener, y hay: ¿Cómo es tu casa? ---Mi casa es pequeña y vieja. Tiene dos cuartos y un baño. En la ¿Qué hay en tu casa? sala hay tres mesitas, sillones y un sofá. En el garaje está mi carro. Mi carro es pequeño y azul. SPORTS/ACTIVITIES/PASTIMES Know verbs and nouns related to pastimes and athletics: caminar, correr, bailar, hacer ejercicio, levantar pesas nadar, andar en bicicleta, hacer senderismo, escalar, hacer alpinismo, jugar al golf, jugar a las cartas, el tenis, el fútbol, el fútbol americano, la pista, el campo, la cancha, el estadio, el gimnasio, etc. Ask and respond to questions like: En las vacaciones, ¿cuáles son tus actividades favoritas? Mis actividades favoritas son bailar, correr en la pista y nadar en la piscina. EXPRESSIONS WITH TENER Know several basic expressions that use tener in Spanish, but “to be” in English: tener hambre / frío / calor / sueño / suerte, etc. VERBOS Know at least 30 basic, everyday functional –AR verbs, such as: acostarse, almorzar, buscar, cantar, cenar, comenzar, comprar, contestar, desayunar, descansar, empezar, escuchar, esperar, estudiar, hablar, jugar, lavarse, levantarse, llegar, llevar, manejar, pagar, practicar, preguntar, regresar, viajar, terminar, trabajar, tocar, tomar Know at least 20 basic, everyday functional –ER/-IR verbs, such as: abrir, aprender, asistir, beber, caer, comer, comprender, contribuir, decidir, decir, escribir, hacer, leer, poner, salir, tener, traer, ver, venir, vivir GRAMMAR PRESENT TENSE Know how to conjugate verbs in the present tense, with correct endings for each verb family (AR/ER/IR) Ask and respond to questions like: ¿Dónde vives? ---- Vivo en Ridgefield. Know how to conjugate verbs with stem-changes and other spelling differences (e.g., i ie) Ask and respond to questions like: ¿A qué hora comienza la clase? ---- La clase comienza a las tres de la tarde. Know how to conjugate verbs with irregular yo forms (“go-go” verbs and others) Ask and respond to questions like: ¿Cuándo sales con tus amigos? ---- Salgo con mis amigos los sábados por la noche. Understand the concept of reflexive verbs lavar = to wash (a car, a window, the dishes) lavarse = to wash oneself (hands, face, etc.) Know how to conjugate reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos, os, se) Ask and respond to questions like: ¿Cuántas veces al día te cepillas los dientes? ---Me cepillo los dientes dos veces al día. Know how to conjugate the highly-irregular present-tense verbs ser, estar, ir, oír MODAL VERBS Know several modal verbs deber, desear, esperar, necesitar, querer, etc. Know how to use modal verbs with other verbs correctly; ask and respond to questions like: ¿Qué quieres hacer esta noche? ---- Hoy quiero ver televisión. IMMEDIATE FUTURE Know how to form the immediate future using ir + a + infinitivo Ask and respond to questions like: ¿Qué vas a hacer mañana? ---- Voy a escribir un ensayo. GUSTAR Know how to use gustar properly (using me/te/le/nos/os/les and gusta/n) Ask and respond to questions like: ¿Qué te gusta comer? ---- A mí me gustan las hamburguesas. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE Know how to form present progressive (-ing) sentences (estar + ando/iendo) Ask and respond to questions like: ¿Qué estás haciendo? ---- Estoy estudiando para el examen. Know that sometimes Spanish uses present where we would use present progressive: I am studying at WSU Yo estudio en WSU PRETERIT TENSE Know how to conjugate regular verbs in the preterit tense, with correct endings for each verb family Ask and respond to questions like: ¿A qué hora saliste de trabajar? ---- Salí a las cinco y media de la tarde. Know how to conjugate reflexive verbs in the preterit tense Ask and respond to questions like: ¿Te acostaste tarde anoche? ---- Sí, me acosté a las once y media de la noche. Know how to conjugate the highly-irregular preterit-tense verbs conducir, dar, decir, estar, hacer, querer, poder, poner, saber, ser-ir, tener, traer, venir IMPERFECT TENSE Know that Spanish has two past tenses; the imperfect is used for descriptions and habitual actions Yo fui al parque I went to the park Yo iba al parque I used to go to the park Know how to conjugate regular imperfect verbs (-ABA/-ÍA) Know how to conjugate the irregular imperfect verbs (ser, ir, ver) Ask and respond to questions like: Cuando eras niña, ¿qué hacías en el verano? ---Yo nadaba en el mar todos los días. OBJECT PRONOUNS (you don’t have to be perfect with these, but familiarity is important) Know the direct object pronouns: me, te, lo/la, nos, los/las Know the indirect object pronouns: me, te, le, nos, les Have familiarity with placement of these objects in sentences and use them to ask and respond: ¿Tienes mi libro? ---Sí, lo tengo. ¿Les vas a servir la cena? ---Sí, voy a servirles la cena. Have familiarity with the concept of le/les se in sentences with two objects: ¿Le compras rosas a Rosa? ---Sí, se las compro. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES Know the basic demonstrative adjectives (this/these, that/those, that/those over there) Be able to ask and answer questions like ¿De quién es este libro? ---Ese libro es mío. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN POR AND PARA Know some key uses for por and para and use them with reasonable accuracy: Yo corro por el parque. Voy a México por una semana. Este regalo es para Elisa. La tarea es para el lunes. OTHER UNDERSTAND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SPANISH GRAMMAR WHICH CONFLICT WITH ENGLISH Adjectives generally go after the noun they are describing: el chico guapo the handsome boy Adjectives match the noun they are describing: la chica bonita the pretty girl Verbs are conjugated to match the subject (English is limited in this regard): tú cantas muy bien you sing very well yo canto muy mal I sing very badly Subjects or subject pronouns are not required before verbs: (yo) estudio español I study Spanish SPELL WITH REASONABLE ACCURACY Question words carry accents First- and third-person preterit forms usually have accents Know when to use b and when to use v Know when to use s, c, z Recognize and use silent h properly PRONOUNCE WITH REASONABLE ACCURACY Know that vowel sounds in Spanish are extremely consistent and can be pronounced accurately by native speakers of English: a – ah (as in raw) e – ey (as in day) i – ee (as in tree) o – oh (as in show) u – ooh (as in dew) Pronounce most words without major errors (you do not have to be able to roll your Rs) CARRY OUT BASIC CONVERSATIONAL FUNCTIONS (Q&A) Form yes/no questions and respond to them appropriately (double no for negative responses) Form open-ended questions (using question words) Ask for clarification when needed (¿Cómo? ¿Puede repetir?) …
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