Fall 2013 ● Issue 16 (3) IN THIS ISSUE Technical Report How to Diagnose the Need for 3D Unfolding ...an extra dimension is sometimes needed to capture relevant information... (pages 3-4) President's Message...................................1 Recent Papers & Reports ...........................1 September Webinar ....................................2 Supporting Count-Based Sensory Advertising Claims Courses Planned for 2014 ..........................2 2013 Fall Courses ...............................5, 6, 7 November 4 - 8, 2013 at The Greenbrier, White Sulphur Springs, WV Internal Sensory Testing: Tetrad Test, Power and Consumer Relevance Drivers of Liking ®: Principles and Applications Meet the Instructors and Invited Speakers ........................................7 Sometimes, you just need another “D”... (pgs. 3 & 4 ) NEWS & EVENTS Fall 2013 President's Message Issue 16(3) PAGE # Thank You! News & Events ................ 1, 2 We are now accepting applications for The Institute for Perception 2013 Student Award until January 18, 2014. I encourage all those bright young research students to submit their entries. Application information can be found on our website at www.ifpress.com/ student-award/. This award will be presented at one of our upcoming courses in 2014. 2014 Courses ...................... 2 September Webinar ........... 2 Technical Report ............. 3, 4 Speaking of awards, I would like to thank everyone whose kind words and nominations contributed to the awards that John Ennis and I have been honored with this year. The award committees of IFT and ASTM chose me for the 2013 IFT Achievement Award in Sensory and Consumer Science, and for the David R. Peryam Award, respectively. John also extends his appreciation for being chosen as the recipient of the 2013 Food Quality and Preference Award for “Contributions by a Young Researcher” which he will receive at the Pangborn Conference in Rio de Janeiro. Our sincere gratitude goes to the following people who nominated or wrote support letters for us: 2013 Fall Courses .... 5, 6, 7 Instructor Bios ..................... 7 TECHNICAL REPORTS: 2013 Soo-Yeun Lee, Donna Immel, Harry Lawless, Per Brockhoff, Benoît Rousseau, Chris Findlay, Karen Garcia, Howard Moskowitz, Michael Nestrud, Michael O’Mahony, Dulce Paredes, Frank Rossi, Herb Meiselman, Jian Bi, Ann Goldman, Michael Meyners, Tom Carr, Richard Popper, Chris VanDongen, Mona Wolf, Bill Raynor, Joe Herskovic, Rob Baker, John Castura, Virginie Jesionka, Suzanne Pecore, Rune Haubo Bojesen Christensen, Dennis Passe, Carolyn Corbett, Bethia Margoshes, Joey Lu, Tom Rosholt, Thierry Worch, Aurea “Tina” Gupton, and Donya Germain. 16(3) How to Diagnose the Need for 3D Unfolding 16(2) Transitioning from Proportion of Discriminators to Thurstonian δ 16(1) When Are Two Products Close Enough to be Equivalent? Best regards, Daniel M. Ennis President, The Institute for Perception 2012 15(4) Proper Task Instructions and the Two-out-of-Five Test W H AT W E D O : 15(3) Efficient Representation of Pairwise Sensory Information Client Services: Provide full-service product and concept testing for product development, market research and legal objectives 15(2) Deciphering the Language of Emotions to Develop an Emotion Lexicon Education: Conduct internal training, external courses, and online webinars on product testing, sensory science, and advertising claims support 15(1) Reducing Costs with Tetrad Testing IFPrograms™: License proprietary software to provide access to new modeling tools 2011 Research: Conduct and publish basic research on human perception in the areas of methodology, measurement and modeling 14(4) Interpreting Applicability Scores 14(3) Illuminating Product Interactions Demographic 14(2) From Many to Few: A Graph Theoretic Screening Tool for Product Developers To download previously published technical reports and papers from our website, become a colleague at www.ifpress.com COURSE CALENDAR: November 4 - 8, 2013 The Greenbrier - White Sulphur Springs, WV Internal Sensory Testing: Tetrad Test, Power and Consumer Relevance Course 2 (2.5 DAyS): Drivers of Liking ®: Principles and Applications Course 1 (2 DAyS): (See page 2 for 2014 course dates and locations.) WEBINAR CALENDAR: September 19, 2013 Supporting Count-Based Sensory Advertising Claims December 12, 2013 Developing Consumer Relevant Action Standards for Sensory Difference Testing March - 2014 Developments in Applicability and CATA Scoring June - 2014 Precision of Measurement in Sensory Difference Testing Detailed information and registration for all courses and webinars is available at www.ifpress.com Mission Statement: To develop, apply, and communicate advanced research tools for human perceptual measurement. R E C E N T LY P U B L I S H E D PA P E R S : Rousseau, B., Ennis, D. M., and Rossi, F. (2012). Internal preference mapping and the issue of satiety. Food Quality and Preference, 24(1), 67-74. Worch, T. and Ennis, J. M. (2013) Investigating the single ideal assumption using Ideal Profile Method. Food Quality and Preference, 29, 40-47. Ennis, D. M. and Ennis, J. M. (2013) Analysis and Thurstonian scaling of applicability scores. Journal of Sensory Studies, DOI: 10.1111/joss.12034 Ennis, D. M. and Ennis, J. M. (2013) A Thurstonian ranking model with rank-induced dependencies. Journal of Classification, 30, 124-147. To Contact Us... www.ifpress.com [email protected] 804-675-2980 804-675-2983 7629 Hull Street Road Richmond, VA 23235 PAGE 1 TRAINING EVENTS SAVE THE DATES in APRIL 2014 - Plan now to attend our two-and-a-half-day CLE accredited course to be held Monday - Wednesday, April 7 - 9, 2014 at The Greenbrier, White Sulphur Springs, WV Topics will include: | ASTM Guidelines for Test Protocols How do you compete effectively in an increasingly challenging advertising environment? Drs. Daniel Ennis, John Ennis, and Benoît Rousseau will discuss these issues and topics along with invited speakers from diverse legal backgrounds. Photo Courtesy of The Greenbrier | Data & Methods | Sensory Intensity & Preference | Requirements for a Sound Methodology | Choosing the Right Method, Venue & Participants | Analysis – Interpretation & Communication | Test Power & Consumer Relevance | Testing for Equivalence | Equivalence – Learning from Cases | Ratio, Multiplicative, “Up-to” & Count-Based Claims | Case Examples of Ratio & “Up-to” Claims | What to Do with No Difference/Preference Responses SAVE THE DATES in MAY 2014 - We will be offering two sensory courses in Ireland, May 19 - 23! The courses will be held at The Ritz-Carlton Powerscourt, County Wicklow (south of Dublin). The Institute for Perception will offer two courses in “The Garden of Ireland”- Wicklow - in May 2014. These courses have been developed for technical and supervisory personnel in sensory evaluation, market research, product development, process development, quality assurance, marketing, legal, and general management currently working in consumer product companies. COURSE 1: MAY 19-20 Internal Sensory Testing: Tetrad Test, Power, and Consumer Relevance COURSE 2: MAY 21-23 Drivers of Liking : Principles and Applications ® AVAILABLE OCTOBER 2013! Quarterly Webinar Series The Institute for Perception now offers a quarterly webinar series. These webinars are 75 minutes in length, including a 60-minute talk and a 15-minute Q&A session. To review all topics and register online, visit www.ifpress.com/webinars. SEPTEMBER WEBINAR TIME & DATE: Thursday, September 19 at 2:00 PM EDT Supporting Count-Based Sensory Advertising Claims Taught by: Dr. John M. Ennis In this webinar, we discuss the steps needed for sensory professionals to support count-based comparisons in a defensible manner. Specifically, we identify two different types of countbased comparisons – count-based proportional comparisons and count-based ratio comparisons – and discuss how these two types of count-based comparisons can be pursued without exposing business to unnecessary risk. PAGE 2 Tools and Applications of Sensory and Consumer Science 48 Technical Report Scenarios Based on Real-life Problems Professionals in claims support, consumer research, and product testing will easily relate to the issues and the corresponding resolutions that are discussed in this collection of concise, two-page scenarios. Drs. Daniel M. Ennis, Benoît Rousseau and John M. Ennis use their combined expertise to guide readers through problems in difference tests, rating and ranking methods, claims support, portfolio optimization and more. The technical content behind each scenario has been kept to a minimum so that tools can be put into practice immediately, but there is plenty of opportunity to pursue each account in more detail. In addition, 27 tables for Product Testing Methods have been included so the reader can find answers to significance tests for traditional discrimination methodologies as well as estimate values and their variances. Order this book online for $95 and receive a $100 credit toward any course registration. Available at www.ifpress.com/books, www.amazon.com, or by calling (804)-675-2980. TECHNICAL 2013 REPORT How to Diagnose the Need for 3D Unfolding Issue 16(3) Benoît Rousseau Background: Multivariate mapping techniques are frequently and commonly used to visualize the large amount of data generated in sensory and consumer testing experiments1,2. Since it is desirable to summarize data using as simple a model as possible, multidimensional solutions that capture the relevant information with fewer dimensions are usually prioritized. Moreover, it is less challenging to communicate results in two dimensions. Thus, many analyses are conducted and summarized in two dimensions and this approach is often appropriate. However, using only two dimensions can ignore important and relevant information contained in higher dimensions. In this report, we illustrate how an extra dimension is sometimes needed to capture relevant information when the multidimensional unfolding method, Landscape Segmentation Analysis® (LSA), is applied, so that the proper dimensionality is used to uncover the drivers of liking space. Scenario: Your company produces several natural orange juice products. While the fruits generally come from Florida, you are investigating other sources from South America, including Brazil, to complement your current sources and potentially reduce costs. There is a need to compare the juices derived from these various oranges to confirm suitability. Your management requests that you recommend the best South American option from a sensory perspective. To do so, you set up a series of analytical investigations, including standard instrumental and internal sensory measurements. In order to capture the consumer’s opinion on the products, you also conduct a category appraisal in three locations with a combined number of 300 users who consume orange juice at least weekly. The set of ten products you select contain six products that are representative of your local market as well as four samples from different potential South American suppliers. Once the data becomes available (two days of testing per consumer, five samples per day), you analyze it using LSA. The map that you obtain in two dimensions is shown in Figure 1. The average consumer liking rating for each of the products is also provided. Mean Product Liking 8.08 US 2 7.68 SA 4 7.67 US 1 7.45 US 6 7.26 US 5 7.06 SA 3 6.52 US 4 6.44 SA 1 5.50 SA 2 5.33 Figure 1. 2D LSA map of the orange juice data showing product positions and consumer individual ideal points with average liking ratings per product on a 9-point hedonic scale. The white dots represent consumer ideals and the products are labeled according to their source (US and SA). are not found as drivers of liking. In the presence of apparently conflicting evidence (average liking ratings vs. map locations), you are having difficulty making clear recommendations on which South American product to consider for potential future development. Perceptual Standard Deviations and Dimensionality: LSA can theoretically be conducted in as many dimensions as the amount of data available permits. However, as mentioned previously, limiting the solution to a few dimensions allows a more understandable visual representation of the data. The question is then whether a twodimensional representation is a suitable summary of the data. Model fitting provides various statistical diagnostics, such as the variance explained in the product means and individual ratings data, but these statistics may not be enough to provide guidance on the best choice of a solution 2. scale Label On the LSA map, products more centrally located within the cloud of ideal points should be liked to a greater extent because they tend to receive the lowest numbers of low liking scores (the distance between an ideal point and a product is inversely related to liking 3,4). Reviewing Figure 1, you notice something surprising when comparing the average liking ratings to the products’ location on the map: While the best liked product (US3, market leader) is fairly central within the cloud of ideal points, illustrating its higher overall liking rating, two South American products, SA2 and SA4, are placed very close to it and could be worth investigating. However, while SA4 received a high average liking rating, SA2 did not; in fact, SA2 was the least liked option. Thus you question the meaningfulness of the solution. Adding sensory descriptive information, as shown in Figure 2, to explain the drivers of liking space does not explain the anomaly. Attributes hypothesized to drive lower likings US 3 Correlation Sweetness 0.99 Figure 2. 2D LSA map with drivers of liking. Also shown is a table summarizing the correlation between the product projections onto the sensory directions and the original trained panel sensory information. Pulpiness 0.99 Orange flavor 0.99 Aftertaste 0.99 Color 0.99 Bitterness 0.99 Astringency 0.98 Orange aroma 0.98 Sourness 0.94 Off taste 0.14 Oxidation 0.06 PAGE 3 TECHNICAL REPORT Issue 16(3) 2013 Figure 4. Two views of the 3D LSA output: XY axes (a) and ZY axes (b). Another piece of information available in conducting an LSA is the products’ estimated perceptual standard deviations. Product perceptual standard deviations are linked to the fact that, according to the model, product perceptions vary from moment to moment and across individuals. A relatively large value for a given product will indicate that higher variability is associated with it. In some instances, a product’s estimated perceptual standard deviation can be markedly large compared to those of the other mapped products, and its location may be somewhat counterintuitive based on overall performance (e.g., the product is placed centrally or next to products that perform much better in terms of consumer acceptability). This relatively larger standard deviation could simply be due to relatively greater sensory variability in the product. But it is also possible that this larger deviation indicates that LSA had difficulty fitting the product in two dimensions. Refitting the data by taking into account an additional dimension sometimes results in a lower standard deviation for the product and a more intuitive solution that fits better with other information about the products as well. 3D versus 2D: Thinking that the SA 2 placement might be driven by a third relevant dimension, you look into the products’ estimated perceptual standard deviation. You indeed find that this product’s estimated standard deviation is much larger than those of the other products (Figure 3). You then re-run LSA in three dimensions and confirm your intuition5 (Figure 4). While the product’s R2 value stays about the same and very high (~1), the subject R2 increases from 0.91 to 0.97. More important, you find that the SA2 product exists in a third dimension explained by the “Off taste” and “Oxidation” attributes, while the other test products are located mainly in a single plane represented in Figures 1 and 2. In fact, the space shown in Figure 4a projects in two dimensions onto a plane very similar to that shown in Figures 1 and 2. You conclude that the original 2D solution was not an accurate representation of the consumer data and that the 3D solution offers a more meaningful interpretation. According to this interpretation, SA2’s perceptual standard deviation is more similar to those of the other products, SA2 is positioned away from the main cloud of ideal points, and the high scores for SA2 on the two additional drivers of liking variables - “Off taste” and “Oxidation” - underscore its inherent weaknesses. Therefore, you conclude that SA2 is not a suitable option and feel confident recommending SA4 for future development. Conclusion: With Landscape Segmentation Analysis®, as with any multivariate mapping technique, the question arises as to how many dimensions should be used to best describe the data, without rendering the visual solution difficult to comprehend. While standard model fitting statistics, such as the variance explained by the model, provide insights on the quality of the solution, they may not be enough to lead to optimal interpretation. The products’ perceptual standard deviations can also be useful and sometimes suggest the need for additional mapping dimensions. Analyses such as those described in this report may provide valuable information on the best way to analyze and summarize data on consumer hedonics. References and Notes 1. Meullenet, J., Xiong, R. and Findlay, C. (2007). Multivariate and Probabilistic Analyses of Sensory Science Problems. New York, NY: Wiley-Blackwell. 2. Ennis, D. M. and Ennis, J. M. (In press). Mapping hedonic data: A process perspective. Journal of Sensory Studies. 3. Ennis, D. (2001). Drivers of liking for multiple segments. IFPress, 4(1), 2–3. Figure 3. 2D LSA map with products’ perceptual standard deviations. PAGE 4 4. Ennis, D. and Anderson, J. (2003). Identifying latent segments. IFPress, 6(1), 2–3. 5. All analyses were conducted using IFPrograms™ Professional. 2013 FALL COURSE W HE N course 1: n ov . 4 - 5 course 2: n ov . 6 - 8 WH E RE The Greenbrier in White sulphur springs, WV Consumer panel A B Paired Preference W HO S HOUL D ATT E N D These courses have been developed for technical and supervisory personnel in sensory evaluation, market research, product development, process development, quality assurance, marketing, legal, and general management currently working in consumer product companies. As a result of new research, our courses continually evolve to include new material, so previous attendees will also benefit from participation. Internal panel Difference Testing A x B y NP z pc d΄ % expressed preference Action standard course 1 : nov 4 - 5 Internal Sensory Testing: Tetrad Test, Power and Consumer Relevance In this course you will learn the five concepts critical to any successful sensory discrimination testing program, including statistical power and consumer relevance. Through the use of a common framework, you will discover why the tetrad test is a better alternative to the commonly used triangle and duo-trio methodologies and how you can successfully make the switch for internal and consumer-based testing purposes. In particular, you will: ● Discover how to establish the size of sensory difference ● Learn how to choose a sensory discrimination relevant to your consumers, thus greatly reducing your method objectively based on its strengths and the chance of releasing an inferior product into the market objectives of your project, resulting in significant time, expense and human resources savings ● Identify approaches to assess and manage risks in product testing decisions, ensuring the use of suitable ● Understand why the tetrad test is fast becoming the sample sizes based on your project objectives method of choice in the food and beverage industry and how you can investigate if it is a suitable option ● Expand these concepts to other types of measurements, for your sensory discrimination program including rating and ranking data MONDAY ( NOV. 4, 8am - 4pm ) Topics _____________________________ Difference testing methods: m-AFC, triangle, duo-trio Estimating a measure of sensory difference, dꞌ, from discrimination tests Power and sample sizes for discrimination methods Proportion of discriminators in the population Replicated testing: Beta-binomial models The tetrad test: A cost saving alternative to the triangle test Cases _____________________________ Product differences using m-AFC tests Ingredient supplier change: Texture using 2-AFC, duo-trio, and triangle Superiority claim: 2-AFC vs. duo-trio Triangle or tetrad test? Investigation with multiple food and beverage products TUESDAY ( NOV. 5, 8am - 4pm ) Topics _____________________________ Statistical basis for management decisions Establishing consumer relevance Setting sample sizes to maximize decision accuracy When to switch from the triangle to the tetrad protocol Relating discrimination test and rating results to maximize learning Cases _____________________________ Optimizing the predictive power of a sensory discrimination program Memory and sequence effects Improving discrimination by allowing retasting Relating trained panel and consumer sensitivities - Effect of training Generating a dose response relationship using ranking and rating HOW T HE CO U RS E S ARE TAU G H T During two decades of teaching short courses in Sensory and Consumer Science we have gained an appreciation for engaging our audiences so that technical material can be absorbed easily for effective future use. Rather than relying on the standard but often ineffective theory-application approach, we instead interweave an unfolding story with the theoretical and applied material to provide our participants with a sense of discovery and relevance regarding the various tools they encounter. This dual teaching approach has shown itself to be extremely effective at providing participants with a thorough and long-lasting understanding of the course material. Register for courses online at www.ifpress.com/short-courses PAGE 5 2013 FALL COURSE course 2 : nov 6 - 8 Drivers of Liking®: Principles and Applications Learn to “see” the market from your consumers’ perspective as you develop an understanding of similarity, Drivers of Liking,® and Landscape Segmentation Analysis.® This course will focus on the planning of consumer hedonic investigations and the analysis of data collected in typical category appraisal projects. You will be introduced to recently developed novel combinatorial tools that can be used effectively for optimal product selection. In this course, you will: ● Compare commonly used product optimization techniques and understand why they might not always reach the same conclusions ● Learn how to use combinatoric tools to select the most relevant product set for your investigation ● Construct maps with products and consumer ideal points and identify population segmentation ● Uncover the category’s drivers of liking using descriptive and analytical data ● Use mapping results to improve existing products ● Conduct product portfolio optimization using advanced combinatorial tools ● Expand these concepts to visualize emotion spaces to more completely understand your consumers’ experiences WEDNESDAY ( NOV. 6, 8am - 4pm ) Topics ________________________________ Introduction to sensory and Drivers of Liking spaces Just-about-right (JAR) and ideal point models Mapping hedonic data Introduction to combinatoric tools and their applications ® Factor analysis, external preference mapping Introduction to Landscape Segmentation Analysis® (LSA) How to identify Drivers of Liking® Cases ________________________________ Selection of optimal collection of food products for a category appraisal Factor analysis on category appraisal data External preference mapping on consumer hedonics of low fat cookies Landscape Segmentation Analysis® on 25 beverages Identifying the Drivers of Liking® from a category appraisal of chocolate chip cookies THURSDAY ( NOV. 7, 8am - 4pm ) Topics ________________________ Dimensionality of LSA: 2-D vs. 3-D Segmentation and demographic map ellipses LSA and internal preference mapping (IPM): the issue of satiety Portfolio optimization Predicting product success from LSA results Blind vs. branded data, benefits Motivations for product consumption Drivers of perception Cases ________________________ Determining a product’s optimal sensory profile using a market appraisal study LSA and IPM of 27 category appraisals Product portfolio optimization for a population with three distinct segments Blind-branded LSA on Chardonnay wines Moisturizing properties of soap bar images Multi-country LSAs of personal care products FRIDAY ( NOV. 8, 8am - noon ) Topics ________________________ Usage occasions, product and concept fits Beyond liking to other emotional states Deciphering the language of emotions and development of an emotion lexicon LSA maps of emotion terms and states Graph Theoretic Analysis (GTA) to develop an emotion lexicon Cases ________________________ LSAs on various beer category appraisal data Food preferences of adults and children Usage occasions of snack bars Analyzing emotion descriptors for spray deodorant; Developing an emotion lexicon H ANDS - ON ANALYSIS Throughout the week, you will use the IFPrograms™ software to perform the analyses demonstrated in the course. You will be introduced to its capabilities and, upon comple completion of the course, you will receive a complimentary trial version (valued at $1,250) accessible through the internet. For a detailed listing of the capabilities of IFPrograms IFPrograms, please visit www.ifpress.com/software. PAGE 6 For more information, visit www.ifpress.com INSTRUCTOR BIOS Meet the Instructors Dr. Daniel M. ennis is the President of The Institute for Perception. Danny has more than 35 years of experience working on product testing theory and applications for consumer products. He has doctorates in food science and mathematical & statistical psychology. He has published extensively on mathematical models for human decision-making and was the first to show that humans possess a transducer in the chemical senses. Danny is the 2013 recipient of the Sensory and Consumer Sciences Achievement Award from IFT and also the ASTM 2013 David R. Peryam Award in recognition of “outstanding contributions to the field of basic and applied sensory science.” Danny consults globally and has served as an expert witness in a wide variety of false advertising cases. Dr. Benoît rousseau is Senior Vice President at The Institute for Perception. Benoît received his food engineering degree from AgroParisTech in Paris, France and holds a PhD in sensory science and psychophysics from the University of California, Davis. He has conducted extensive experimental research on probabilistic models and has published numerous journal articles as well as several book chapters. Benoît regularly consults with and manages projects for clients in Asia, Latin America, Europe and the US. In his teaching, Benoît is well known for his effective and user-friendly approach to introducing new ideas. Dr. John M. ennis is Vice President of Research Operations at The Institute for Perception. John received his PhD in mathematics and also conducted post-doctoral research in cognitive neuroscience at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is the winner of the 2013 Food Quality and Preference Award for “Contributions by a Young Researcher.” John has published in statistics, mathematics, psychology, and sensory science. He has a strong interest in the widespread adoption of best practices throughout sensory science, serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Sensory Studies, and is chair of the ASTM subcommittee E18.04 “Fundamentals of Sensory.” Invited Speakers D r . Jean -M arc D essirier is Global Science Leader for t he Se n s at ion , Pe r c e pt ion & Behaviour expertise at Unilever, where he manages global scientific capabilities and collaborations in the area of perception. He holds a PhD in food science and has performed experimental work in psychophysics and neuroscience. During his tenure at Unilever, Jean-Marc has championed the development and application of probabilistic models to the understanding of consumer needs and motivations, leading to the development of many successful global products. a n t h o n y J. ( M a n n y ) Manuele is Director of Tech- nical Insights and Product Development for MillerCoors where he has responsibility for all technical innovation related to products, packaging, and dispense for MillerCoors, as well as for technical competitive intelligence and consumer science. Manny holds a Bachelor of Science degree in pure science and his graduate degrees include a Master of Business Administration and a Master of Science in organizational leadership and quality. F rank rossi is Associate Director of Statistics at Kraft Foods G roup in Glenview, Illinois, where he leads Kraft’s Statistics Center of Excellence. He supports product development efforts for Kraft’s divisions and consults internally with the Operations, Quality and Marketing Research organizations. Frank has authored publications on the statistical aspects of product testing. He obtained a BS in mathematics and an MA in statistics from The Pennsylvania State University. ONLINE REGISTRATION and COURSE FEES Internal Sensory Testing: Tetrad Test, Power, and Consumer Relevance November 4 - 5, 2013 (2 days) .............................$1150* Drivers of Liking: Principles and Applications ® November 6 - 8, 2013 (2.5 days) ..........................$1450* Register for both courses and save $100 .................$2500* _____________________________________________ * A 25% discount will be applied to each additional registration from the same company, for the same course * Academic discount available on request Course fee includes: ● all course materials and a copy of our latest book, “Short Stories in Sensory and Consumer Science” ● daily continental breakfast, lunch, and break refreshments ● one group dinner for each course ● three-month free trial of IFPrograms software ● complimentary attendance at a quarterly IFP webinar ™ Register online at www.ifpress.com/short-courses or call 804-675-2980. Limited enrollment, register early. CANCELLATION POLICY: Registrants who have not cancelled two working days prior to the course will be charged the entire fee. Substitutions are allowed for any reason. LOCATION: These courses will be held at The Greenbrier ® in White Sulphur Springs, WV. Renowned for its standard of hospitality and service, this hotel is an ideal location for executive meetings and consistently receives a AAA 5-Diamond rating. Nearby airports include the Greenbrier Valley Airport (LWB, 15 min.), Roanoke, VA (ROA, 1 hr.15 min.), Beckley, WV (BKW, 1 hr.), and Charleston, WV (CRW, 2 hrs.). HOTEL RESERVATIONS: Lodging is not included in the course fee and participants must make their own hotel reservations. A block of rooms will be held at The Greenbrier until 4 weeks before the program at a special rate of $195. To make a reservation, please call 1-877-661-0839 and mention you are attending the Institute for Perception courses (note: the special rate is not available through online reservations.) To learn more about The Greenbrier, visit their website at www.greenbrier.com. For more information and online registration for any of The Institute for Perception courses, please visit www.ifpress.com/short-courses or contact us at [email protected] PAGE 7
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