1. food and drink
2. food
3. condiments and dressings

TILL
COMES,
DOCTOR
THE
TO
ANC-
HIM.
HELP
BY
GEORGE
HOPE,
H.
M.D., M.R.C.S.E.
BEVISED,
ADDITIONS
wrrn
BY
NEW
G.
P.
27
A
NEW
YORK
PUTNAM'S
AND
29 WEST
YORK
SONS
23o
STREET
PHYSICIAN.
Entered
according
to
BY
In
the
office
of
G.
the
of
act
P.
Librarian
in
Congress
year
"
PUTNAM
of
1871,
the
Congress
SONS,
at
Washington.
"RC
I
preparingthis
it has seemed
change
in this
in
names
and with
this view
elaborate than
more
and
have
risk of
struck out
tial
essen-
those which
are
less well known
the text,
simplify
I have omitted several prescriptions
could well be made
up in a family,
where I thought the
several subjects
be
delay would
non-medical
any
styleis attractive,
little else than give
instances done
placeof
country. My aim
familiar
to make
advisable
in its original
plan. Its
in many
I have
and
not
me
public,
for the American
littlevolume
to
EDITION.
AMERICAN
THE
TO
PEEFACE
to
of treatment
that
less than
I have
hands.
been
has
added
a
few short
at
paragraphs
wide extent of country, and our
to which
our
subjects
of climate,,
give an every -day importance
peculiarities
they do not possess in England. In some few cases where
on
my
views
I have substituted
author's,
did justiceto myself,and
service to those
would
may
comes
that
much
who
takes
their thanks
more
the
are
differed from
directions
such
as
I
of the
prove
consult this book.
may
learn from
these pages
moments
the
thought
would
say to those who
well employ the anxious
and
have
of the best treatment
how
titt the
est
greatBut
they
doctor
his shoulders,
responsibility
upon
justlydue to the English author,
than to the American
Editor.
J. IL E.
April,1871.
I
CONTENTS.
TAGS.
PAGE.
Asiatic cholera,
Cholera
cholera
or
61
morbus
morbas
63
....
lold bath
80
Colic
Baths, bathing,
and
Beds
Bed
etc.
bedding
....
Bleeding, and
how
to
13
;roup
fall,wounds
or
stop it
82
from
31
a
72
Boils
Bowel
complaints
63
....
!uts
influenza
cold and
68
66
....
.
.
the head
on
.
diarrhoea
30
63
Dislocations,
limbs
or
of
out
joint
"
Hip
43
38
Jaw
41
38
Neck
41
Collar-bone
36
Shoulder
42
Elbow
38
Thumb
43
40
Wrist,
Broken
-
Common
74
sores
Blow
80
...
65
bones
Arm,
above
Arm,
below
"
the
elbow
.
the
elbow
.
joint
remarks
General
...
knee,
ankle
or
43
.
.
38
Drowning,
Head
36
from
50
Hip joint
39
Dysentery
65
Ear-ache
74
Hand,
Knee,
cap
below
Leg,
ankle
foot, or
with
Ribs
without
Ribs
.
of
the
a
knee
40
.
.
.
.
wound
a
37
wound
37
.
Thigh
Burns
and
Eye, things
in the
74
....
Fever
53
39
.
scalds
....
.
Fire, persons
on
25
...
.
25
Fish-hooks
to
Carbuncles
Cautions
restore
to
39
...
the
how
.
dles,
crochet-nee-
and
get
81
out
72
against
common
errors
8'
Chilblains
79
Choking
7(
Cholera
61
Fits
69
Frost-bites
78
Frozen,
people being
Hooping-cough
llow
to
bear
.
pain
.
.
.
71
CONTENTS.
FADE.
Small-pox
59
and
Splinters
wounds
nails,
from
30
Sprains
43
Stomach,
bleeding
34
into
.
.
Sunstroke
70
Taking
7
quietly
things
.
.
Thrush
95
73
in-growing
Toe-nails,
...
Tooth-ache
74
Tooth-rash
95
the
Ulcers
of
Useful
hints
Vapor
bath,
Varicose
Veins,
71
leg
81
the
81
veins
enlargement
85
of
35
.
Ventilation
Vomiting
Warm
12
blood
bath
.
34
81
Whitlow
73
Worms
97
Wounds
30
THE
TILL
DOCTOR
TAKING
SHORT
A
his
THINGS
since
time
wrist
the
best
his
wife
had
want
of
at
the
be
of
done
by
hints
in the
can
or
the
who
of
to
send
consider
to
what
THE
is the
death,
murder,
and
all for
common
the
used
sense,
and
while
from
the
the
will
matter
of
care
the
time
a
doctor,
As
wanted,
the
est
plainBut
the
not
but
he
is not
first
thing
messenger
is
no
rious
se-
prove
to
away,
take
merely
profitablywhile
COMES.
is
nearest
very
suggestions.
a
to
illness,especially
write, in
and
the
is best
what
write, therefore,is
or
he
to
with
they
likely
will
let
bo
us
do.
let
first
mind
my
distance
to
DOCTOR
knows
to
a
whether
employ
TILL
him,
at
I may
advice
may
Well, then,
what
in the world.
to
sudden
or
propose
foretell
the
till he
come
accident
directions
What
not.
people
to
little
impressed
reside
few
a
always
waiting
are
for
as
instructions,
of
I therefore
place
that
and
case
those
language,
one
a
bleed
to
trial
her
much
few
surgeon.
jug.
people, the largest hospitals,
knowledge,
occurrence
a
broken
a
time.
proper
The
need
little
a
of
largest cities
allowed
was
ing
accident, hav-
an
piece
a
of the
of
stand
to
with
met
with
one
doctors,
QUIETLY.
man
thousands
by
and
a
cut
This-mau, residingin
Surrounded
COMES.
us
suppose
thing
we
want
accident
an
?
Presence
has
of
happened,
mind,
self
8
TILL
THE
DOCTOR
COMES.
and
control,
*o
do
is none
so.
the power of keepingsilent when
it is best
Of all the miserable hindering
there
nuisances,
worse
their services
than
are
who, justat the time when
required,
begin to scream, run
persons
most
wildlyabout,put themselves in every one's way, hinder
other people,
not able to give a sensible answer,
are
peror go into hysterics,
haps faint,
or pretendto do so.
all
Every one knows that all have not the same gifts,
have not the same
Most peoplehave
strengthof nerve.
of dread and of nervous
horror at the
a feeling
naturally
for blood always
sightof blood; and this is quitenatural,
death.
much
or
suggeststo the mind suffering
Still,
be done by mere
force of will,
can
determination,
facing
the thingbravely.Not that we
should be hard-hearted,
and have no
sympathy with our fellow creatures when
But by a determination to conquer one's self,
in
suffering.
this can be
plainlanguageto make one's self go througli
it,
done,and is done by hundreds every day. Some ignorant
for
peoplewill tell you that a doctor has no feeling
his patient,
but theyknow littleof the truth. Ask those
who live with them
and know them, and hear their remarks
about the painful
operations
they have had to perform,
and how nobly the poor patient
bore it. Ask Florence
who
without
Nightingaleand the noble women
and in the dwellings
pay or reward attend in our hospitals,
of the poorest of the poor, who witness and dress
of wound
and accident.
Almost
every description
of loathsome disease is nursed by these
every description
tenderlybrought up ladies accidents by machinery
accidents by fire,
where not
tearingthe body to pieces,
but where the
onlyis the poor sufferer a frightful
object,
smell of burnt flesh seems
to clingto
peculiarsickening
the person and clothing
for days afterwards.
Do not they
sufferwhen others are in pain? Yes, truly; but theyhave
taughtthemselves to bear it,so that they can overcome
"
TAKING
Let
their feelings.
9
QUIETLY.
strive to conquer
accidents happenor sudden
calm when
so
THINGS
us
to
ourselves,
illnesscomes
be
on,
may be useful to others in their distress.
There is a wonderful difference in the way in which
that
we
which will be borne
painaffectsindividuals. The injury
of complaint,
will force ana word
other
by one with scarcely
A sailor,
to cry out and writhe about.
or
a man
to labor in the open fields,
accustomed
or
any person
be expectedto
from an active life,
taken suddenly
cannot
bear confinement to bed,or even
well
to one position,
as
indoor
has been employedsitting
at some
as another who
occupation.It is well for nurses and friends to bear this
made
in mind,and not to be easily
or
cross
impatient.
hospitals.
For many years I had to do with one of our
largest
sailor come
into the
I scarcely
had a healthy
ever
who did not manage to kick off
house with a broken limb,
the firstfew nights.
and so on regularly
splints,
bandages,
become quiet
But it is onlyfor a short time,they soon
and accustomed
to the
confinement.
truths.
remember
a few simple
suffer,
When
to the distressand
theygiveway, theyadd greatly
confusion of those who are with them, they very much
hinder their own
recovery, and when the pain is over
Let allwho have to
themselves
reflect upon
is indeed
wonderful
for not
what
can
havingbeen
be
braver.
It
done, when a person
it,as the soldiers say.
up his mind to grinand bear
bear up unI have marvelled how any one could possibly
der
stance,
slow cutting,
accidents. A curious inor
operations
makes
but
years
a
very
ago, before
instructiveone, occurred to
chloroform
was
invented.
me
A
somo
large,
hospital
was
broughtinto the
well-made,
healthyseaman
with his legso terribly
crushed that it was
necessary to
distance above the knee. I said to him,
take itoff some
"
Jack,I am very sorry to have to tellyou, that the only
thingwhich can be done with this unfortunate leg is to
1*
10
TILL
take it off;we
THE
cannot
it or fish it like
a
DOCTOR
save
COMES.
it,you know
we
cannot
splice
mast."
No," he replied,I can see that ; well,it must be
done,it 'illnever be seaworthyany more ; how long will
it take doingit?" So I told him only a very short time.
"
"
cut the wreck adrift,
and fit a timber
Oh, well,"he said,
"
"
one, I'llbear it."
So the limb
word
was
taken
off without
one
groan
or
one
of
was
complaint.But as the house-surgeon
ting
puton
a bandage,he accidentally
prickedhim with a
cried out, "Hallo,Mr. Surgeon,
pin,when he immediately
the pointof that marling-spike's
rather sharp,
that's
too bad."
So I
"
said, Why Jack,how is this ? you bore having
as you are, without
your legtaken off like a brave fellow,
speakingone word, and now, when onlythe pointof a
pintouches you, you call out ?"
he said, don't you see, I made
Ah, sir,"
up my
mind to have my leg cut off? I told
but I
you I'd bear it,
made no bargainabout the pin-sticking
business."
This is a most
excellent example of what I mean
by
"making up the mind to bear it." But,alas for us poor
men, we do not as a generalrule bear pain well ; we are
used to an active,
than
more
so
busy, out-of-door life,
women
are
or
pelled
com; we
apt to be cross when suffering
and need a good deal of coaxingand
to be still,
pettingto behave properly
best,and
; but let us try our
if we meet with any accident to which man's occupation
makes him liable,
let us always bear in mind that the
most terrible accidents which tear a man
to piecesare
not the most
painful.The largerthe surface burned or
scalded the less the pain,
and the diseases which cause
the
are
not by any means
the most fatal.
greatestsuffering
Pain is in every case
the result of somethingbeing
wrong either in mind or body,and though it may be hard
"
"
"
11
Angeles^a'.
ion
proviscommitting
Loa
to
bear,it is not
to
warn
us
entirely
of danger,or
an
evil. It is a merciful
to
tell us
we
are
child puts its hand into the flame of a
candle,the painteaches it to snatch it away in a moment,
some
If
error.
before
it has
a
time
to
serious
do
injury. A person
is instantlj*
finger,
using a knife,and cuttinginto the
Or suppose the clothing
warned to stop,he is doingharm.
to take fire,
of a very aged or infirm person were
will
the cry of suffering
left alone and asleep,
when
he might
whereas,if there were no pain,
bringassistance,
as to cause
be burned so severely
death,and not be aware
of what was
going on.
One other remark,and I finishthis part of the subject,
When
to husbands.
and this I address particularly
you
feel inclined to be cross and think yourself
very badly
used,look at your wife,or if not married,look upon your
mother,and reflect that each time a child was born she
of painsuch as you can have no conception
Buffered an agony
feel.
can
of,such as you have never felt and never
And yet in a few minutes after this anguishshe will greet
Let us do our
smilingcountenance.
you with a sweet
and
let us be gentle
best,and in our time of suffering
A great
kind to those who are doingtheir best for us.
deal may be done by trying.
and attendants together,
And now
havingbroughtpatients
I will endeavor in the next chapterto see how
COMES.
they can best employ the time TILL THE DOCTOR
THE
If you
are
so
SICK
fortunate
as
ROOM.
choice of rooms,
which isdark and gloomy,
to have
into one
do not put your patient
and
but let it be lightand cheerful,
a
with
a
if
fireplace
possible.
If the illnessbe
fever,
somethingwrong
with the eyea
12
or
THE
TILL
brain,or
DOCTOR
other sickness
COMES.
requiring
quiet,a
back
room
best ; the patientwill
familywill answer
not care
to look at anythingor to speakmuch, and quiet
is necessary.
But if he be suffering
from an accident,
let
him be near the rest of the family
where you can speakto
him.
This will helpto keep him contented and cheerful,
away
from the
for it will be
an
to him
amusement
to watch
ments
your movewhile you are going on with your work, and itwill
time in waitingupon him.
save
Avoid
a
from
room
which
is exposedto
effluvia
disagreeable
source.
any
Never
have the window
fastened that you cannot
from the top. Be careful not to have
open it,especially
much
furniture in the room, particularly
if the disease be
infectious.
much
Bear in mind
longerthan
woollen
curtains.
but if you
cotton
so
that woollen
or
therefore
linen,
It is better to have
think the
no
no
woollen-covered
sofa
will
or
do not
have
curtains at
looks bare and
room
lightmuslin,or somethingwhich
Have
articleshold smells
cheerless
all,
use
wash.
easily
chairs ; cane-bottomed
and a clean boarded floor,
plainwood are preferable,
is infinitely
kept sweet by scrubbingand elbow-grease,
better without any carpet,excepting,
perhaps,a narrow
stripfor you to walk upon justto prevent noise. In case
of accident,
the bed may be placedwhere the patient
feels
most
comfortable,
onlyit should be where there is a good
pox
lightto see and dress the wound ; but in fever and smalllet it be between
the door and the fireplace.
The
or
reason
for this is that
there must
be
as
the fire cannot
burn
without
air
draughtto feed it,and as this becomes
heated and rushes up the chimney,it is replaced
by a fresh
In this
supplydrawn in throughthe door and window.
shaft,
carryingaway
way the chimneyacts as a ventilating
the impurities
of the room,
and so helpsto prevent the
disease spreading.It is clear,
that if a person
therefore,
a
13
EOOM.
SICK
THE
he must get the
fireplace,
air after it has been contaminated
by passingover the patient
that is,
between the bed
; whereas,on the other side
the bed and the
stands between
"
and the door
of the
room
he breathes the air pure. If from the form
let
the bed cannot be placedin this position,
"
sufficientspace leftbetween
the bed to stand in.
alwaysbe
there
and
If the
room
has not been used for
into it until
put the patient
chimneydraws
it will not, and
likely
if the
If it be
time,do
litthe fire and
you have
well.
some
the window
damp
and
not
seen
cold,most
it is too late to discover this after
the sufferer is put to bed.
I remember
instance where
an
plaint
gentlemanwas taken suddenlyillwith a chest complacedin bed,a blister put on the
carefully
; he was
This
chest,and medicine givento promote perspiration.
of winter,
and a firewas rewas
quired,
justat the commencement
of
but on endeavoring
to kindle it,
every particle
an
old
smoke
seemed
to pour into the
room.
with the
filled; my poor patient,
from the disease and the smoke
was
In
a
few minutes it
of breathing
difficulty
combined,was in a
plight.Doors and windows had to be thrown
wide open, and then,to completethe confusion,
a poor
which had built its nest in one
terrified swallow,
of the
forced its way down
the chimney,its feathers of
flues,
The poor bird,
covered with soot.
turbed
course
so
rudelydisdashed wildlyabout the room,
out of its sleep,
plentyof black marks againstwalls,if not also
leaving
A
againstour characters for our want of forethought.
smoky chimneymay often be cured by holdinga lighted
miserable
newspaper
and
littleway
up
it to ascend.
a
causes
the flue. This
As to the bed itself. The
but
have
one
pne,
made
this is so
best is no
the air
warms
doubt
a
hair mattress,
I shall merelysay if you
expensive,
do not use
use
it,but unless you are obliged,
of feathers. It is too soft,
and the patient
sinks
as
14
into
holes,so
get
to them
you
cannot
well
chaff,
much
much
the
TILL
THE
that in
case
DOCTOR
of wounds
COMES.
burns
you cannot
if the feathers get wet
properly.Besides,
or
put them rightagain. Good
clean straw
or
evenlypackedin,is far better. It costs
less to beginwith,it is more
and very
comfortable,
in pointof health,
and has this great advantage,
superior
that in case of beingspoiled
it can be emptied,
cover
and
washed
and
refilledwithout
loss of time
and
trifling
expense.
If the
to have the bed too wide.
disadvantage
the nurse
patientbe lyingin the middle and needs help,
is obligedto lifteither kneeling
the bed or at arm's
on
which takes away all her strengthand
a position
length,
strain on the muscles.
If you are
causes
a very painful
ion
obligedto use a wide bed,a good planis to make a divisdown the middle with a board a few inches high covered
with the under bedclothes.
This not onlyprevents
the invalid slipping
the puraway from you but answers
pose
in some
of
degree two beds.
When
and the payou want to change the bedclothes,
tient
cannot get up, proceedin this way : roll up the clothes
to be changed tightlyto the middle, lengthwise,
not
the bed ; put on the clean things
with half the width
across
liftthe patient
rolled up close to the other roll,
to the
on
ed
newly made part,slipoff the clothes he has justbeen liftfrom,unroll the clean ones, and it is finished without
any difficulty.
If you have time before you put the patient
to bed
the floor right
scour
well,and wash itwith hot water, with
of chloride of lime mixed with it,
a few cents' worth
or if
use
a
pieceof quicklime,
good-sized
you cannot get this,
at a
very
It is a
and rub well up into the cracks and corners.
Do not be
anxious to remove
the whole of the lime. If you leave a
in the crevices and pores of the wood it will
littlesticking
sweet
givea clean,
prevent insects,
srnel)to the
and
place,
AND
NURSES
15
NURSING.
and
helpto keepaway infection. Now dryit thoroughly,
the room
is readyfor the invalid.
NURSES
It is
a
great
who
have been
about
thoughtful
as
NURSING.
that
can
onlywomen
bands,
husmen, particularly
quiteas gentlein their touch,quite
to
suppose
met with
frequently
I have
nurse.
error
AND
littlewants, and far
more
tender and
A man's strength
any woman.
is a great advantage.Ask a wife who requireslifting
from the bed, and she will tell you what a comfort it
under her : she felt
to feel her husband's strong arms
was
considerate
safe.
so
than
almost
It is a dreadful
for
feeling
not to have
patient
of the person assisting
;
which will
give a fright
a
perfectconfidence in the power
the dread of beinglet fall may
Let every man
take days to recover
from.
put away the
foolish idea that it is only a woman's
work.
in a
Now
which we require
there are five qualifications
and
nurse
Cleanliness,
Firmness,Gentleness,
Sobriety,
"
Patience.
I shall say on this pointis,if unfortunately
resist temptation,
do not come
cannot
near
Sobriety.All
"
us
you
the sick
"
is no
room
placefor
you,
we
dare not
trust
you.
Cleanliness. Be
and keep
alwaysvery clean yourself,
A very littlethingwill spoil
the room
the appesweet.
tite
sive,
sick. Never
let anythingoffenof a person already
in the
from a wound
or burn,remain
any dressings
it is done
Let every vessel be emptiedas soon
as
room.
with,well washed out, and left in the open air. Change
the air frequently
by openingthe window ; remember, bad
The poiair will poisona person as surelyas bad food.
son
as you weaken
of fever is dangerousor not according
weaker by add
it with fresh air justas you make spirit
"
"
16
TILL
Do
ingwater.
cat it.
cannot
without
Do
room
;
so
COMES.
DOCTOR
if the patient
stand long
water
not let the drinking
leave food in
beingchanged,as
in the
are
not
THE
a
room
it absorbs whatever
gases there
the patientdrinks it you
that when
which
back into his stomach the poison
putting
actually
had been thrown out throughthe skin. Why do people
? because
put buckets of water into a placenewly painted
theyknow that the water takes up the smell of turpentine
are
"
and oil as it escapes from the walls.
firmness is not rudeness.
Firmness, Remember
"
to know
patient
expect a suffering
cannot
best for him
if
certain
a
as
those whose
thingis best
brains
to be
are
done,do
as
well what
clear.
is
Therefore
it; do it kindly,
you for it afterwards.
Gentleness. Whatever
you have.to do for the
but do
You
will thank
it,he
"
patient,
gentle. In cases of rheumatism or broken limbs you
the process, but
however painful
must
changethe clothes,
With care
and cause
do it gently,
needless suffering.
no
And lastly,
all jerksand knocks may be avoided.
Never forget
the difference between
Patience.
self
yourbe
"
the person under
your care.
feel irritable and restless even
yourself
and
well ?
Have
been
easily
put out, so
so
there not
been
cross
some
Did
when
you
you
never
were
days when
that you
you had
have been almost
yourself?How, then,must it be with
the person taken suddenlyfrom an active life and compelled
with one whose whole
or
to lie stillin one position,
however
body is racked with pain! Never lose patience,
sorelytried ; bear with these trials for a while,and byand-byyou will have your reward.
of the great value of a good nurse,
Few peopleare aware
of valuable lives saved by good nursof the number
ing.
or
of the number of
On the other hand, few are aware
lives actually
thrown away, and their chance of recovery
carefulnursing.Every doolost,
by the want of faithful,
ashamed
of
18
him
TILL
THE
DOCTOR
COMES.
feel quitesick ; and then she will be
grievedbecause
Supposehe wishes
he says he can't eat a morsel of food.
for a glassof water; she first of all fillsit up to the
brim,puts her hand under his head,bends his neck tillhis
chin touches
trickles
a
his
then puts the glassto his lips,
breast,
and thinks he
good part of it on to his clothes,
is very awkward
to choke
she has occasion to
a
over
mouthful
lighta candle,she
of water.
If
sticks it in between
the
with a rank smell of
bars,which soon fillsthe room
ed
burningfat,and when she takes it out the tallow is melttillthe wick is a coupleof inches long,and coated
off,
with fine ash like the head
bulrush ; or if it be
gas, she takes a short bit of paper, turns the gas full on,
blaze like a flash of lightning,
makes
a sudden
forgets
over
of
a
the bit of paper while she is turningthe gas lower,burns
throws
her fingers,
the lightedpaper on the floor,
and
patient,
watchingall this,
gets
and frightened
that he loses his night's
rest.
so nervous
well to sit up in bed to
When
is sufficiently
the patient
take his food,she will,of course, put the tray on his
knees,then proceedto raise him into the sitting
posture,
the counterpane,
and if the thingsare not upset all over
it is certainly
more
by good luck than good management.
but certainly
she is a
Yet she is not a bad woman,
puts her foot
bad
on
it. The
nurse.
Then
we
hearted,loving creature,who
wishes
so
I know
have the fussy nurse.
much
to benefit her
is
one
a
most
of this sort.
that
patient
she
kindShe
does
sadlyover-
utes,
every few minwith constantly
wearies her patient
askinghim if he
it : she bustles in and out of the
room
walk
something,which she would willingly
him up, tuckingthe bed in,
miles to get if wanted,raising
drawing up and loweringthe blinds : one, in short,who
and wait patiently,
be happy to sitdown quietly
never
can
but must be constantly
the move
on
; and yet it is her very
cannot
eat
AND
NURSES
19
NURSING.
till he says
goodnesswhich makes her weary the patient,
her out of the
the firstchance he has of getting
to himself,
room, "'You're a good creature ; but if you would onlybe
what a reliefit would be !"
quiet,
The doctor
nurse.
Then we have the careless,
slovenly
had the proper
has really
feels sure that his patient
never
it he
of medicine ; if she happenedto remember
quantity
but if not she would make up for it by giving
would get it,
There is never
him a double dose next time.
a clean glass
Food
is taken to him, and if he
wanted.
or
cup when
There are so many
itis leftthere for hours.
cannot eat it,
in the bed that itfeelsto the poor rheumatic
crumbs
like
lyingon
have been removed
room
in the
with
fire is black,and the
which ought to
slops,
hid under the bed,
are
evening,
hearth covered with cinders.
the
filling
The
gravelwalk.
a
er
suffer-
The
bad smells.
and other matters,are
of potatoes,
that
leftthere : the consequence is,
Bits of meat, crumbs
let fall on the floor and
beingwinter,the mice,
and something
to
room
and perhapsrats,finding
a warm
ingly,
and use it accordcat,think it a very comfortable place,
to the helpwhich proves anythingbut comforting
less
bed,who
sufficientstrength
to
creature
nor
in
power to raise his arms,
the nurse.
has not
awaken
have the cruel nurse, who does her duty,but
not from love : she carries out the doctor's orders exactly.
Then
Her
law
we
is like that of the Medes
and
which
Persians,
altereth not ; if the medicine has to be taken at a certain
time,she bringsit to the minute,and worries the patient
takingit on the instant. If she says the bedclothes
be changed,and the patient
must
says it hurts him sa
Can't helpthat,
the doctor
much to be moved, she answers,
his orsaid it was
ders."
to be done,and I can't go against
She may be perfectly
honest in all her dealings,
but there is no tenderness,
no
compassion.
And lastly,
have what I trust is a very rare charwe
into
"
20
TELL
acter,th dishonest
and
eats
COMES.
DOCTOR
THE
She
nurse.
prettyfreelyof
drinks most
of the wine,
the food intended
foj the sick
ter
ought to get betperson, and tellsthe doctor the patient
accordingto the quantityof noui'ishment he gets
through. But she is dishonest in another way : she finds
it a great trouble to compel the patient
icine,
to take the medshe just emptiesit away
a
so
regulardose at a
time,so
that whenever
rests
the
on
he
bottle,
the doctor
his eye
happensto call,
itis gradually
becomingempty,
sees
and feels satisfied.
Now
of,but
room.
these
are
not
of
or
read
of them has been with me
in the sick
every one
has been carrying
The awkward
of
nurse
a trayful
bit of carpet,and made
a
snatch a child out
the careless nurse
foot in
things,caught her
smash.
characters I have heard
I have
seen
a
and set it on a
perspiration,
I had
the bed.
and make
chair with no extra covering,
the
to requirea blister on
so illas
once
a littlepatient
and then lefthim in chargeof
chest. I put it on myself,
of bed with its skin wet
one
who
with
turned out to be
a
careless nurse.
When
I called
that instead
day,I found he had been so neglected,
he had worked it
of its beingconfined to the chest,
left hours longerthan it
round to his back,where it was
should have been,causingsuch a sore that the poor little
boy could not lie on his back for a week afterwards. I
the next
had
an
instance of
a
dishonest nurse,
who
broke
tle
the bot-
filledanother with sugar-andthe medicine,
containing
for her the
water, and put the label on it. Fortunately
child did not die,or her reflectionswould not have been
at all pleasant.
It is not absolutely
necessary that a person wishingto
helpthe doctor should be highly educated. She must,
sense."
of "common
however, possess the qualification
This sort of sense, however, is not by any means
common.
and e very-dayaffairs.
It is the knowledge of common
'
NURSES
The
for
helpershould
reading,or she
and
vials to make
AND
NURSING.
be able to read
writingand
21
to write fit
may be led by the appearance of drugs
She ought also to
dreadful mistakes.
healthy,active condition
smell,taste.
sight,
hearing,
feeling,
or read
Sight,that she may be able to read directions,
aloud to the patient,
and watch the change of countenance.
A quick-sighted
er
will not need to wait tillthe suffernurse
She will from the
has asked for anything in words.
in a moment
motion
of an eye, or the lips,
see
or a finger,
est
what is wanted.
Hearing, that she may catch the faintand not obligea weak
patientto exert the
whisper,
that she may
voice,and to repeat every request. Feeling,
detect any change in the heat or drynessof the skin of the
which will either scald
and not use any application
patient,
with heat,or cause
a chillwith cold.
Smell,that she may
in the atmosphere of the room,
detect the least impurity
medicine notice ifthere be any mistake.
or in giving
Taste,
that she may not offer food unfit to be used,or good in
to the
but cooked in such a way as to be disgusting
itself,
patient.
she will very soon,
Now
ifshe possesses these qualities,
be able to "help the doctor."
with a little instruction,
here : she must not have
But there is one
caution required
her
such a very high opinionof her own
as to cause
skill/
She
to use it in opposition
to the wishes of the doctor.
is at pei-fect
to suggest anythingshe likes. We
liberty
have no objection
to her saying, Don't you think such a
thingwould do good ?" or, Don't you think we might
do objectto
But we
safelydo without such a thing?
her askingthe opinionof the doctor,and then actingin
if he is fit to be trusted with
to it. Because
opposition
he ought to be trusted,and
the lifeof a fellow-creature,
dealt with fairly.
have
all her five
senses
in
a
"
"
"
"
22
TILL
THE
THE
DOCTOR
COMES.
MEDICINE
time is often
sickness,
of the utmost
importance.A very simpleremedy applied
fore
at the moment
may often save a long illness. It is theredesirable to have ready at hand whatever is likely
to
be wanted in a hurry. Get a small box.
Keep it alwaya
locked,and out of the way of the children. Use it for
medicines and for nothingelse. Let it stand where you
Do not have too
can
lay your hand upon it in a moment.
thingsin it,or they will confuse you. Just put
many
into it what you are most likely
to want.
A roll of old linen,
of calico,
and of flannel,
the older
ing-plaste
stickbut clean and dry. A littlelint and some
the better,
The calico and flannel may be in strips,
so as
for bandages. Fasten each roll with a pin.
to serve
A pair of scissors,
some
pins,tape,and a few large
needles readythreaded.
Some castor oil,
paregoric,
turpentine,
syrup of ipecac,
carbonate of soda,a small bottle
genna
leaves,
Epsom salts,
and a pintbottle of linseed-oil
of laudanum,marked-poisosr,
In
cases
and
of accident
CHEST.
or
sudden
lime-water.
because it
I have not put simpleointment into this list,
will not keep good,and a littleclean lard will do as well.
loses its
mustard, because it soon
will serve
the same
and turpentine
strength,
purpose, is
and if well corked will
applied,
very quicklyand easily
keep good for a long while.
Then we
want
a
measuring-glass.
Nearly all liquid
"
is a
medicine is givenby " spoonfuls."Now
a
spoon
Nor
have
I named
"
very uncertain measure,
better buy a glassmarked
and
differs in size ; therefore
correctly,
teaspoons on
the other.
on
tablespoons
a
feeding-cup.In cases of
Lastly,
the patient
cannot
other illnesses,
the
one
side and
some
broken
be
and
thigh,
and
raised,
it is
MEDICINE
THE
23
GUEST.
with any degree of comfort
to give liquids
impossible
I have myselfknown
while lyingdown.
a case, lately,
in
in a very weak state,beingraised,
of a lady,who was
as the nurse
said,
to the orders of the doctor,
opposition
"justfor a minute,to giveher a drink ;" but that minute
did all the
for
mischief,
its work
,back dead.
her heart had
not
power
and
in that position
: it stopped,
If you
have
not
of these cups,
spout,will
one
to
tinue
con-
she fell
a
small
answer.
anythingwith a narrow
If the poor sufferer,
parchedwith fever,is cryingout
as
do, Oh, pleasegiveme a
they frequently
piteously,
big drink" get a clean straw, bend one end of it gently
This you
and the other into the mouth.
into the glass,
in the country, but the best thing
can
alwaysget easily
tea-pot,or
"
"
ing,
for the purpose is about a foot of small india-rubber tubIt costs
such as is used for infants' feeding-bottles.
about
eightcents,can
broken,and will
easily
is
direction,
in any
be bent
not
last for years.
giveonlya small quantity
but
of fluid at a time ; and not only with children,
it is a painful,
tantalizing
thingto offer a drink,
adults,
of it,
and insist upon the patient
or
takingonly a portion
it into a
the quantity
to make
appear smaller by putting
avoided by having a
largeglass.This may be entirely
You
will
cup or glassto hold justwhat may be taken.
find by experience
that a child who could not by any
In
some
cases
it is desirable to
of argument be induced
be put off with
in the glass,
or
to leave
amount
part of what is
in a large
spoonfuls
one, will be quitecontented and happy if you let it have
and with liberty
to
its own
glassquitefull,
particular
drink it all,
though it perhapsdoes not contain as much
as what
appearedsuch a very small allowance in a larger
a
few
vessel.
The
cost of the whole
of
our
stock will be
Prices vary accordingto
shillings.
where
only a
you
few
make
24
TILL
THE
DOCTOR
COMES.
purchases;but do not confound low priceand
cheapnesstogether. They are very different,
especially
in importantthingslike medicines.
If you insist upon
ler
paying a very low pricefor an article,
you drive the selto giveyou either what is kept tillithas deteriorated,
your
what
or
is adulterated.
writinga
was
child
I will tell you an
in a chemist's
prescription
in with
came
a
anecdote.
I
shop,when a
hand, and said,
small
packetin her
says you'vecheated
"
mother
her shameful
Please,
mister,
with this magnesia,
she can
get twice as much for a
So he gave her double
penny at the other druggist's."
the quantity,
and said to her, "Be
to tell your
sure
mother
that the other
less of it."
When
here is difficultcase.
she
stronger,and
was
was
You
so
I gave
her
"
Now
gone, he said to me,
doctors blame us for not selling
I gave her as much
pure magnesia for
I could afford;but she must
have more
drugs.
pure
her penny
bulk,so I
as
quantityof chalk with
it; and now
she goes away boastingthat she has taught
the druggist
a lesson not to try to cheat people." The
of this system is,that if the patient
takes
consequence
only the dose the doctor ordered,the medicine has not
the proper effect,
and in case of serious illness the time
for doinggood may be gone by, and a lifebe lost in consequence.
You
am
mix
compelledto
a
be very careful about the size of the dose,
if you giveitwithout a doctor's orders. Medicine
especially
must
givenat
Almost
."
one
random
is as
to
likely
all medicines may
in which
the dose
seems
kill as to
cure.
be divided into two
classes,
to be
stored up, to accumulate
taken must
the quantity
in the system, and where
In the other
be gradually
decreased.
the body apclass,
pears
and
it loses its effect,
to get used to the medicine,
increased.
Of this class ia
the dose has to be gradually
opium. If it be taken regularlyfor a length of time,
26
the
fire,
careless
COMES.
DOCTOR
THE
TILL
lucifer matches
in which
manner
are
car"
the way
or
pocketsand droppedon to floors,
the
in which hot liquids
are
placedin the way of children,
wonder is that they do not happen more
frequently.
of
Puttingout tJieFire. Take this case, a description
what is unfortunately
happeningevery day : A woman's
and
clothes take fire; she is wrapped in flames ; her arms
hands,her neck and face,are scorched with the heat ; her
comes
her. She behair is in a blaze ; the smoke is suffocating
and rushes to and fro,so creating
confused,
utterly
of air which increases the fire. The best thing
a current
she could have done would have been instantly
to roll upon
ried loose in
"
"
the floor. But
to do this !
how
The
more
few would
need for
a
have presence of mind
friend to do it for her.
by the hand,or by some part of the dress which is
and throw her on the ground. Slipoff a coat
ot burning,
or
shawl,a bit of carpet, anythingyou can snatch up
with it,
hold this before you, claspher tightly
quickly,
As quickly
which will protect your hands.
as
possible
fetch plentyof water ; make everything
thoroughlywet,
for though the flame is out, there is stillthe hot cinder
and the half-burnt clothing
eatinginto the flesh; carry her
into a warm
a
on
a table or
carefully
room, layher on
ulating
stimwarm
carpeton the floor not the bed giveher some
drink,send for the doctor,and proceedto tho
next
operation
Removing the clothes. Perhapsin the whole course of
much
accidents there is not one which requires
care
so
We
and gentleness
want
as this.
onlythree peoplein the
and one
each side of the patient,
to wait
one
on
room
Oh, for a good pairof scissors or a really
upon them.
er
sharpknife ! What miseryyou will inflictupon the sufferby sawing through strings,
etc.,with a rough-edged
blunt knife. There must be no dragging or p ailing
off;
do not let the hope of saving
anythinginfluence you. Let
Seize her
"
"
"
"
"
AND
BCBNS
be
everything
27
SCALDS.
cut loose that it will fall off;
completely
part stick to the body, let it remain,and bo
so
but if any
careful not to burst any blisters.
Treatment. The treatment
of burns
or
"
firststageconsists of wet, warm,
and
excludingthe
Now
our
old linen
or
but not
sour
into
use.
scalds in the
applications,
air.
medicine-chest
calico ; wet
a
comes
pieceof
Get out the
this well with
seed-oil
the lin-
injured
part is
it with another dry rag or
exposed,put this on ; cover
it with a bandage. If you have not
and secure
flannel,
the mixture of oil and lime-water,
get a pintof hot water
with a small teaspoonfulof carand milk (equal
bonate
parts),
of soda in it. If you have no milk at hand, use
with plentyof common
water
warm
soap in it ; or if you
have no soap, use plainwarm
with the carbonate
water
of soda,or a littlemorsel of common
washing soda, not
than the size of a small hazel-nut,
to a pintof water,
more
dissolved in it ; but whatever
you use, keep the parts
If you have a waterproof
wet and well covered.
thoroughly
sheet or coat, or a pieceof oilcloth,
laythis over
and
and
lime-water,
the mattress, and
you have removed
then
a
as
soon
blanket
as
over
an
it. As
soon
as
ings,
and appliedthe dressclothing,
her as warmly as
lifther gentlyinto bed, and cover
possible.In after-dressings
largesurfaces must not be
exposedto the air ; either leave a thin coveringand wet
if you are using an ointment,reit with the lotion,
move
or
at a time,have
only a small portionof the dressing
and cover
in readiness,
again as quicklyas
everything
possible.
If there be much pain and fretfulness,
you may safely
giveto an adult thirty
dropsof laudanum in a littlewater,
ful.
and repeat this in an hour,and even
a third time if needTo a child ten years of age givein like manner
only
but beware of givingany to an infant.
three drops,
all the
28
You
attempt to manage
not
must
yourselves.You
doctor
COMES.
D()CTOK
THE
TILL
have
now
this
case
further
by
done your best for her tilltfw
comes.
cidents
you read an account of one of these dreadful acmost
in the papers which has ended fatally,
you will alfind they conclude with somethingof this
invariably
When
hours,death,
enduring
great agony for some
relieved her from her sufferings."
Now, it may be a great
that
friends to know positively,
consolation to sorrowing
and
in nearlyevery case this is a mere
newspaper phrase,
kind
After
"
"
Those
is not true.
accidents know
largeto
the person seems
deceived
of
us
who
well that when
accustomed
to
see
these
is sufficiently
injured
much
suffering,
the surface
death,there
cause
to
are
is not
die from the shock.
Friends
are
stantly
con-
by this,and suppose that because there
fortable,
is not much pain,and the patient
appears calm and comwhereas itis really
there cannot be much danger,
the absence of pain,
or more
trulythe want of power to
isthis
which constitutes the danger. Especially
feel pain,
the case with a child. If the burn be large,
particularly
remains perfectly
and the little one
the chest,
quiet,
on
for
and asks frequently
utters no complaint,
sighsdeeply,
cold water, it is almost certain that life is fast drawing
to
a
close.
For
smaller burns
use
the
same
remedies
flammat
till the in-
subsided,or as peoplesay, tillthefireis
some
out ; then spread
simpleointment on the woollyside
and dress the sores with it. They will generally
of lint,
get well without much* trouble. You can make a capital
has
of common
whiting(whichyou use
yourselves
and lard without any salt. If the burn
tins)
polishing
ointment
for
ing
try the followSmall,and the person can stay indoors,
and linseed or common
Take chalk (whiting)
:
recipe
of honey,then
and mix them to the consistency
olive oil,
add vinegar
so as to reduce itto the thickness of thin syrup j
be
"
AND
BURNS
soft brash
applywith
a
cation from
time to time.
29
SCALDS.
and
feather,
or
Each
the
renew
renewal
appli"
lief
bringsfresh reif the patientis
gratefulcoolness. But
compelledto go about,you can use the ointment at once,
with flour,
or dust the part thickly
over
kept on with rag
and bandage; but I am
tions,
greatlyin favor of wet applicawhich is
as
they do not stick to the raw surface,
sensitive. Unless the burn or scald be
"-Qost painfully
dressings
very small you will almost always find warm
than cold.
to the patient
much more
grateful
stead
inIf a person fall into lime,use vinegarand water
the other dressings
of,or rather before,
; and if any
get into the eye, wash it well with weak vinegarand
But if oil of vitriol,
or
water.
any other strong acid,has
chalk or
caused the burn, apply quicklylime-water,*
of your
whiting and water, carbonate of soda,or some
old mortar
common
washing soda and water, or even
and
a
most
and water.
If
let
a
be
burn
doctor
a
near
a
it,and do
see
not
face,even if small,
be in any hurry about having
on
Remember
healed.
the wound
jointor
the
that with all the
care
used,contractions will sometimes
take place. The danger to lifefrom a burn or scald is not
but to its extent
that is,a
in proportion
to its severity,
bo
small part,such as a hand, or a foot,or a face may
it for life,
and yet not much
burned so deeplyas to cripple
of burnbut a slight
ing,
amount
endanger the generalhealth,
and skill which
can
be
"
a
mere
a
of the
body, may
fatal.
prove
*
two-thirds
over
scorching
To
very
make
lime-water,put
largewalnut
water, shake
it up
into
a
few
a
a
pieceof unslacked
common-sized
times, then
Tiime the size ol
wine-bottle
let it settle.
full of cold
You
need
not
strong; the water will take up only a certain
quantityof the lime, however much you put into it.
fear
making
it too
80
COMES.
DOCTOR
THE
TILL
WOUNDS.
These
dangerous
kinds,and arc generally
and require
than from their size,
more
position
oi various
arc
from their
suitable for each
treatment
case.
In all cuts,before you beginto dress them, notice the
kind of bleeding.If the blood be dark-colored and flow
but if it be bright
regularly,
you will be able to manage ;
small the wound
however
and spurts out in jets,
scarlet,
this ;
may be, send at once for the doctor. Do not forget
it is very important.
with
If the cut be made
a
clean knife
some
or
such
it will generally
weapon, and the person be in good health,
do
do well. Unless the bleedingbe very profuse,
hurry to stop it. Wash the part well with
cold water, dry the skin,bring the edges of the wound
of stickingand keep them there with strips
together,
it with
plaster
; laya littledry lint on the cut,and secure
few hours you will find it a
a bandage. Perhaps in a
from being too tight;if so,
little swelled and painful,
the bandage,and with a pair of scissors cut
remove
lieve
the wound, that will renot near
through the plaster,
it. If it be comfortable after this,
you may leave it
three or four days ; but if there be great pain and red-
not
be in
a
"
uess, soak
well with
and let the doctor
ings,
all the dress-
water, remove
warm
take
charge of
it.
dressed
with
plaster,
this
unless you shave a largespace, and in small injuries
Cut the hair very close justround the
is not needful.
wound ; after washingwith cold water, apply a fold or
comes
and leave it there. If,however, it beof wet lint,
two
and there be headache and the face flushed,
painful,
CUTS
hand
ON
THE
it over
to
WOUNDS
wounds
from
HEAD
the
FROM
care
cannot
be
of the doctor.
SPLINTERS, NAILS,
of wood
splinters
or
ETC.
"
Stabs
or
broken glass,
or
nails,
31
WOUNDS.
wadding or shot from a gun, should not be closed,
water
but rather kept open with a poultice
or
dressings,
be thrown
that anything in the wound
out.
BO
may
When
When
it is quiteclean dress it as a common
cut.
and it can be removed easily,
there is any splinter
or glass,
will do
do so ; but much poking in the wound
of course
and let him tell you whether
Take it to a doctor,
harm.
from
it is better to cut it out
or
leave it to nature.
SHIN, where there is scarcely
any
often very troublesome
flesh coveringthe bone, are
to
wet
a few folds of linen
aged people. As soon as possible
will do
with spiritany sort of spirit
lay this on the
wound, and keep it wet for three or four hours ; don't be
it will soon
afraid of the smarting,
pass off. Then dress it
with simpleointment spread on lint. If the person can
spare the time to sit with the leg up, it will heal in a
much shorter time than if employed in walkingor standing.
WOUNDS
ON
THE
"
"
WOUNDS
CAUSED
to cinder
BY
A
BLOW,
or
by
a
person
be treated in the same
falling
gravel,must
way
that is,
water
tillquite
or warm
as a splinter,
by poultice
clean ; but if the person is compelledto go out, you will
find nothingso useful as the basilicon ointment spreadon
lint : this will keep soft and moist the whole day.
If any of the littleones run a fish-hook into a finger,
do
Cut the line quite
not attempt to draw it out backward.
clear from it,
turn the pointupwards and push it through.
Accidents with crochet-needles are constantly
occurring,
and if one be pushed deeplyinto the flesh you had better
not try to pullit out : the hook at the pointwill tear
on
or
and inflame the part. A surgeon with proper instruments
will take it out safelywithout any difficulty.
If you
should be at a great distance from a surgeon, the best
thingyou
hook
can
is,then
do
is,
push a
"
first be
smooth
quitesure which side the
or
ivoryknitting-needle,
32
OCMES.
DOCTOR
THE
TILL
somethingof that sort down the wound
hook,then pullout both together.
It is well to bear in mind
the
face,especially
has had
a
terrible
hands,and
clothes,
what
a
or
spoonful
a
two
TO
HOW
AND
BLEEl)ING,
STOP
IT.
that cuts about the head aud
nose, bleed
frightby
tillit touches the
a
Many a mother
profusely.
child runningin with its
face all smeared
with blood.
It is astonishing
with
to make
child will manage
ed.
of blood.
Try to keep cool and collecta
mess
when you have washed
probably,
fle.
triof injuryis a mere
with cold water, that the amount
ble
invaluaa most
If it is difficultto stop the bleeding,
remedy,and one you will find in almost every house,
ing
Put a thick coveris the common
whitingor pipe-clay.
of either of these on the wound, then a bit of dry lint,
for a few minutes ; let what sticks to
and press it closely
with a bit of plaster.
remain there,and cover
the wound
in the same
A troublesome leech-bite can be stopped
way,
without givingthe child any pain.
You
will find,
most
BLEEDING
FROM
THE
not alarm you ; nay, in many
much
more
need
far,
may preventsomething
to be stopped,
requires
NOSE, unless
serious ; but when
cases
it
it goes too
bathe the neck and face with
let the person sit upright,
cold water, and if you can get a littlealum, dissolve that
if this does not sucin water, and squirtit up the nostrils,
I would not advise you to plug
send for the doctor.
rxjod,
for unless itbe done properly
the nostrils,
you may think
ceased,whereas it is only findingits
swallowed.
way to the top of the throat,and being
ARM OR LEG, ifsevere,
IN AN
A WOUND
BLEEDING
FROM
Make a pad of rag a good
be stoppedby pressure.
must
thickness,
placethis on the part,and bind a handkerchief
If that
round the limb.
or
anythingof that sort tightly
':he bleedinghas
34
or
TILL
is very
what
these
means
of
are
THE
much
not
DOCTOR
COMES.
better,a strong elastic band, if
ance
sufficient,
you must obtain the.assist-
surgeon at once.
It is very desirable that every one,
should understand that in all cases of
a
even
people,
be
bleeding,
young
severe
ly
small,the onlythingwhich can be safewere
dependedupon ispressure. Three youthslately
when one of them, who had
walkingthroughsome fields,
forced
and the blade was
an
open knife in his hand,fell,
into his thigh.His companions,
terrifiedat the sight
of the
while the unfortunate
blood,ran off to procure assistance,
sufferer did his best by holdinghis pocket-handkerchief
to
the wound.
Long before they could return his chance of
lifewas
cut off
gone. Here was a fine healthyyoung man
who might have been saved by the most simple
suddenly,
contrivance. Even situated as theywere in the open fields,
a
a cork,
a handful of earth,
a stone,a potatoe cut in half,
and
bit of rag, or a bunch of grass rolled up into a ball,
and
put into a handkerchief or necktie,or a stocking,
tied very tightly
round the limb so as to press upon the
wound, would have arrested the bleeding,or at any
lessened it,till it could have been properly
rate have
the wound
ever
so
secured.
This,then,is a good rule,and may serve as a general
In case of severe
on
or
one.
bleeding,
press your finger
into the bleeding
placeand keep it there tillyou can have
assistance.
BLEEDING
INTO
THE
STOMACH, or
VOMITING
BLOOD.
"
frightful
sightto see a person vomit a quantityof
ways
but is not alseverely,
blood,one which tries the nerves
The blood is of a dark
it appears.
as
so dangerous
mixed with some
color,and frequently
portionof food.
and one
Give two teaspoonsfuls
of vinegaror lemon juice,
of cold water,
of Epsom saltsin a wineg,lassful
teaspoonful
and repeatthis every half-hour tillthe bleedingstopsor
It is a
AND
BLEEDING,
the doctor
Give
comes.
HOW
STOP
TO
nothingmore,
35
IT.
exceptingvery
of cold water, or littlebits of cracked ice.
quantities
BLEEDING
THE
FKOH
LUNGS, or SPITTING OP BLOOD, ia
must not
a warningwhich
alwaysa very serious affliction,
small
be trifledwith.
You
will know
that it does not
come
from
stomach,by being coughedup rather than vomited,
it beingfrothy,
and most probably
a brightscarlet color,
gar
much smaller in quantity.Give one teaspoonful
of vinein a littlecold water, and repeat
and one of paregoric
this in half an hour.
Sponge the chest with cold vinegar
and water, and keep the shoulders raised by pillows.Do
the
allow the person to talk or use any exertion.
Some
BLEEDING
SLIGHT CAUSES.
FKOM
persons ha\o
such a tendencyto bleed,that even
the smallest cut or
not
"
scratch
ed.
havinga tooth extractendangerslife,
particularly
I have seen persons brought very near
death from
should alwaysmention this to a
Such people
this cause.
dentist when
they have a tooth drawn, so that he may
be prepared.If you meet with a case of this sort,get a
little whiting,
or
or
powderedchalk,roll this
pipe-clay,
like a cork,dipthis in spirits
of turpentine,
up in a bit of lint,
and press it firmlyinto the hole left by the tooth.
If it does not stop the bleeding
in fifteen minutes,change
Do
this plug for a fresh one, and press that in steadily.
this for at least twelve hours,and even
then
not remove
do not
pullit out, but
wash
the mouth
with cold water
tillit is loose.
ricose
VEINS, or as doctors name itvaveins,is very frequentin the lower limbs of persons
hours in the day, such as
v;ho have to stand many
and the
Laundresses.
Sometimes theybecome
so
large,
ing
that they burst,and though the bleedso thin,
coverings
ty.
it causes
great debilimay not perhapsendanger life,
There are two thingswhich peopleafflictedin this
ENLARGEMENT
OF
should attend to.
THE
whenever
In the first place,
it ia
36
TILL
THE
DOCTOR
COMES.
for a few minutes,lot the limbs be horizoneven
tal,
possible,
either by lyingdown, or by havingthem raised ; and
to givesupportby bandagesof flannel,
secondly,
preferably,
put on smoothlyand evenlyin the morningbefore the legs
have time to swell. This should be done if possible
by
another person, for the leg is altered in shape by being
bent.
But the best planof givingsupport is by elastic
which can be purchased
of the exact size required.
stockings,
cotton
They can be draAvn on over a well-fitting
without any trouble,
stocking,
giveequaland gentlesupport
and
if goodwill last a long
to every part of the limb,
while.
BKOKEN
BONES.
These accidents often
not
helpcanhappen wherq surgical
be got at once, perhapsnot at all. A broken bone ia
detected by the person not being able to raise the
easily
limb,by its bendingwhere it ought not, and by the pain.
Let us commence
at the top of the body and go regularly
downwards.
severe
to break the
Any accident sufficiently
the person to remain
bones of the head or face,
to cause
or
needs immediate medical attendance. Let tho
insensible,
if there bo
head be raised,
applycold water, particularly
and keep down all noise and excitement.
bleeding,
HEAD."
shoulder.
to the
from the top of the breast-bone
dle.
broken near the midThis is generally
COIXAK-BONE
THE
On
runs
side the bone is smooth
the sound
and
even
;
on
side you will observe the lump caused by the
injured
the other ; and if the shoulder
broken ends rising
over
one
be broughtforward,you will see the partsmove, and the
difference in
person will suffer pain. There is the same
the
the way
in which
growingtree
bend
to
some
and
bones break
an
old
one.
extent,and then
as
there is in
In
not
a
a
branch of
child the bone
break
a
will
rightthrough
31
BONES.
BROKEN
aged person it snaps off with a clean fracture,
this ;
to remember
like a dry stick. It isof consequence
the ends of a bons
for in a child you will not perceive
as
move
they do in an adult.
and five
Get a round pad the thickness of a man's arm
and press wi th
inches long, Push the shoulder backwards,
the other hand on the fracture tillyou get it in its place;
with a
the arm
and secure
put the pad into the arm-pit,
bandage around the body; raise the fore-arm well up
to a surgeon, and ask him
in a sling.Take the patient
but in
to
over
out
an
you how to fix it ; for you will have to watch
it for a month, and it must not be allowed to slip
show
of its place.
A WOUND.
Symptoms. Pain
BROKEN, -WITHOUT
or
on
on
takinga deepbreath,
pressure where the injury
has taken place. If you press suddenly
on the ends of the
the back-bone you will givepain,
ribs near
not where you
RIBS
"
"
press, but where the bone is broken.
of blood,keep the
If there be spitting
patientquiet,
and giveno stimulants. If there be a bruise,
apply hot
hot poultice
or
a large
; then a bandage of
fomentations,
flannel six inches wide round the chest (ofcourse
over
it on with
and sew
the injuredpart)
; draw this tight,
not placedoppositeeach other,but more
largestitches,
it
stitch ;" tighten
like what is called the
herring-bone
from day to day as required.If the accident happen
the
from the house,tie a handkerchief firmlyover
away
"
clothes tillyou reach home.
RIBS BROKEN, WITH
WOUND.
A
after your fomentation
scratch,
use
a
If it be
merelya
bit of lintand plaster,
"
be at all
before ; but if the wound
deep,even if you do not think it has gone throughiuto
the chest,
folds of wet rag and a bandage.
put on some
and your
bandageas
Let the person lie on
as
you
can
the bad
tillthe doctor
side,and keep him
comes.
Do
not
as
quiet
this rule,
forget
38
In all cases
of
the wounded
ARM,
We
a
to the chest the
person
lie or
must
side.
ABOVE
TUE
ELBOW.
There is onlyone
"
with
splints,
four
want
wound
COMES.
DOCTOR
THE
TILL
soft
a
pad
of the
from the shoulder to the bend
to
bone here.
reach
each,to
arm.
Place
one
hind,
be-
thsm
before,and one on each side,and secure
with a bandage. Use the sound arm
to shape
as
a model
by. Carry the arm in a sling.
your splints
The bone which projects
JOINT.
ELBOW
at the back of
The person cannot
the elbow is broken by a fallor blow.
and you
the arm.
use
Compare the two arms together,
one
"
will find the
pointof the
elbow
is gone
into the back of the upper arm.
and
Keep the arm quitestraight
the
and
arm
well padded.
inside,
ELBOW.
THE
ARM, BELOW
"
and
is drawn
up
on
placea longsplint
Here
you have two bones,
If you try to raise the
both may be broken.
detect it.
by takinghold of the wrist you will easily
Hold the arm
bent,with the thumb uppermost as if
one
or
"
going to lay it flat againsthis chesjj^
placeone splint
alongthe palm of the hand to^tb*- bend
of the arm, the other along the back of the hand to a little
beyondthe elbow ; apply a wet bandage looselyto keep
tures
and carry the arm in a sling.After allfracthem steady,
aging
there is swelling.Always allow for this in bandthe firsttwo or three days.
These bones are solid,
and
HAND, FOOT, OR ANKLE.
almost always wounded
are
by such an accident as breaks
such as by machinery,threshingcrushes the bone
or
machines,etc., and are alwaysserious.
the person
were
"
"
"
Cover
wrap
much
kerchiefs,
in several folds of rag, or handIf you cannot find water,
dippedin cold water.
the whole
hand
good handful of damp grass.
bleeding,
dip it into cold water if you
it up in
the way.
a
Hold
the hand
on
If there be
find any
the top of your head.
on
BROKEN
HIP
JOINT.
The
38
BONES.
bone here is liable to be broken
in
Very frequently
aged peoplefrom very slightcauses.
the person feels somethingcrack in the hip,and cannot
stand or risefrom the ground. If placedupright,
you will
find the injuredlimb shorter than the other and the foot
and keep
turned outwards.
Remove
the clothes carefully
in bed tillthe doctor
THIGH.
beingable
not
to do
this
draw
by the
by painwhen
fracture is ascertained
The
"
comes.
to
raise the
greatest trouble you will have in
The
so.
leg,and
person
he attempts
is from the violent spasms of the
and
the broken bone out of its place,
case
muscles,which
fering.
case
great suf-
stiffstraw,
from home, get some
or away
fields,
reeds,bits of very thin board,or, if anyone has a rather
stiffhat,knock the crown
out,split
up the body,and bind
with suspenders,
this rather tightly
handkerchiefs,
etc.,
limb. On reaching
round the injured
home, ifthe spasma
it
be severe, put a strong bandage round the ankle,cross
and bring the ends togetherunder the
the instep,
over
foot,and to this slinga brick,or any convenient article
about eightpoundsweight. Let this hang over the foot
the leg. This will give
of the bed, so as to draw down
If in the
great relief.
CAP
OF
THE
KNEE.
"
This fracture is commonly caused
knee, or in tryingto avoid falling.
it happens,the person has lost all power of
As soon
as
dropsdown
standingon that leg; and if placedupright,
The bone is split
across, and has left a gap,
instantly.
ken.
justas we found at the elbow when that bone waa broon
by falling
the
of course
the splint
placing
Keep the legquitestraight
scribed
alongthe back of the limb,and treat it exactlyas we deis obligedto
at the elbow,and when the patient
und under
move,
pass a strong bandageround the neck
40
the
the
TIIE
TILL
DOCTOR
COMES.
foot,and draw it so tightthat
weightof the leg.
LEG
TUB
BELOW
in the fore-arm.
KNEE.
"
Here
If the small
one
it will
entirely
support
have
we
be
bones,13
broken,you may
two
in finding
quence
have great difficulty
it,and it is of no consewill act as a splint
one
to do so, for the large
; but
if the
largerone
be
broken,it
is
so
flesh that you cannot fail to know it.
Get a broom handle,cut it into two
little covered
which
pieces,
with
will
littlepast the foot ; take a pillow-sl
foil each
size,
pieceof calico about the same
reach from the knee to
or
a
and sew it on ; lay
pieceof the brush-handle,
a soft pillow
placethe legcomfortably
lengthwaysin this,
the calico
bring up the sticks (rolling
upon the pillow,
round them)till it allows them to come
justhalf-wayup
and half-wayup the foot;pass two
or
the knee-joint
of tape under,bringup the sides of the pilthree pieces
low
ing
againstthe leg,and tie them ; keep the foot pointupwards.
directly
The object
GENERAL
REMARKS.
you have in view is
not to cure broken bones,but to put the broken ends in
their proper places,
and keep them there. Nature will
end round
a
"
do the rest.
at a distance
limbs,occurring
should be avoided,
of a carriage
from home, the jolting
ter,
and the person carried. A door, a broad plank or shuta large sack cut
open, a sheet or blanket or pieceol
fastened at the four corners
to two
strong hay
tarpaulin,
hammock, carried by four men.
forks,makes a capital
In any case of injuryto the arm
or
hand,you need a
splint.Any man can make one in a few minutes out of a
pieceof thin board or stiffcardboard,a cigarbox, or an
old bandbox
the breadth of your hand, or a
cut into slips
In fractures of the lower
in the country you can make an
willow twigs
with six or eight
excellent,
splint
strong,light
littlewider ;
or
if you
are
4:Z
TILL
THE
DOCTOR
COMES.
into its place,
or you may
push it into its placewith your
i/humbs protectedwith a towel.
SHOULDER.
The
"
arm
be raised.
cannot
You
will
see
the
depressionon the top of the shoulder,where the
bone ought to be, and will most
likelyfeel it in the
armpit.
Lay the person flat on his back,and sit down beside
him on the injured
side. Pull off your boot,placeyour
heel in the armpit,
take hold of the arm, either simply
with your hands or with a longtowel fastened to it,and
passed round your neck, and pull steadily.After you
have done this some
time,tell the person to turn round ;
while he is
tryingto do this,
givea sudden strong pull,
pit,
jerkyour heel againstthe head of the bone in the armand you will hear it return to its placewith a snap.
It will be best for you, however,not to try to do this except
in
to
extreme
an
whom
the
same
emergency,
accident has
might do great harm
THUMB.
as
the
"
You
should be
Take
a
it to
long way
in the
case
of
a
person
happenedbefore,for you
location.
a fracture and
not a dis-
mistake this ; but,small
possibly
will find it exceedinglydifficultto
a
surgeon, if possible.But if you
from assistance,
:
try the following
cannot
jointis,you
master.
if it were
or
43
SPRAINS.
Let
hold
strong man
one
the
wrist,or,
if you
are
by
a little
person lie on the floor. Powder
resin on the hand to prevent slipping.Pull
let the
yourself,
chalk
or
for some
at the thumb
steadily
backwards,and at the same
oush it into its place.
Fingersmay
HIP.
The
"
time,then
time
with
would
do in the
your foot between
folds of a toweL
WEIST, KNEE,
accidents that
severe
the
OB
not
wards
in-
attempt
same
way
as
of the
shoulder,
onlyplacing
the parts with the
legs,protecting
case
the
hand
way.
foot turned
/ but unless you feel sure it is out, do
of need,act in the
to do anything. In case
you
the thumb
the other
managed in the same
leg is shortened,and the
be
turn
AKKLE.
"
they should
These
be at
are
once
always such
placedunder
obtain advice,
surgeon ; but if you cannot
in all cases.
of- action is the same
By
principle
care
the
of
a
the muscles by pulling,
tillthey become so relaxed,
stretching
that they will allow
you to push the jointback
againinto its place.
SPRAINS.
sprainis
very painfuland very serious
consider that from the tipsof the
thing.
When
fingers
you
from the ends of the toes to the leg,
there
tc the wrist,
or
not less than thirty
are
separate bones,all tied together
with straps,cords,and elastic bands,and about twenty
all to be kept in good working order,you wilJ
hinges,
A
a
44
TILL
THE
COMES.
DOCTOR
beingfrequentand sometimes sen
sprains
in knowing a sprain.
You will have littledifficulty
ous.
placed,
But there is the dangerof bones beingbroken or diswell as the mere
as
sprain.Therefore,as soon aa
looks
if the joint
takes place,
before swelling
see
possible,
not
wonder
at
natural ; compare
bone be loose
or
it with the other one, and notice ifany
pushed out of its place. If so, go to a
If it is only a sprain,
wrap up the part
surgeon at once.
in several folds of
flannel,
dipped in water as hot as it
it with a dry bandage
be borne with comfort,and cover
can
with a pieceof oiled silk or sheet gutta
: if possible,
wet
a pieceof rag with
percha. If it be very painful,
laudanum, placethis next the skin,then cover with the
wet
flannel.
used in the* country for
are
poultices
and warm, they
sprains.So long as they are wet, soft,
do good ; but there is nothingso cleanly,
so
easily
applied
and hot water.
the laudanum
and soothing,
as
The part must be kept quiet,
not
onlywhile painful,
but even
after the painhas gone ; for if you exercise the
jointtoo soon, you may do great mischief. Keep the
mation
tillall pain and inflamon
warm
constantly
applications
hold the jointunder
are
gone, then,twice a-day,
of cold water for a few minutes,tillit
stream
a tap or
begins to feel painful
; then bind it up with a common
bandage,and bring it back to its work very gradually.
can.be avoided by keepA great deal of painand swelling
ing
wrist or
the limb in a prop'er
position.Whether
If it be the wrist,
let it
ankle,it must not hang down.
be comfortably
supportedin a sling
; if the ankle,let the
fortable.
person lie or sit with the foot raised as high as is comAll
THE
sorts
of
TENDON
AT
THE
BACK
OF
THE
HEEL
is sometimes
by jumping,carryingtoo heavy weightup steps,
and the person is hough
be cut by a scythe,
or may
etc.,
broken
"
AND
POISONS
If the accident
ed."
45
POISONING.
happen away
bend
the
There
is no
from
home, and
you
it with a
knee,and secure
Btrap or cord,passed under the instepand around the
which you can make
reck.
Then with a pairof crutches,
with two hay-rakes
cut to the proper length,
or
hay-forks
A very good support can be made
walk.
the patient
can
buckled round the legabove the knee and
by a dog-collar
attached by a cord to a loopin the heel of a slipper.The
leg must not be put down with the sole of the foot on
the ground for two
weeks, and when walking is first
but do not try to walk uplet it be on a level,
practised,
stairs
have
no
conveyance,
for
a
month.
occasion to confine
to the house with this accident.
at once,
secure
the
Get
a
person
pairof crutches
leg,.and let him enjoythe
POISONS
a
fresh air.
POISONING.
AND
nature beingused
poisonous
farmers,and also in private
houses,it will be useful to have a guideto refer to in case
the remof accident ; for in almost every case of poisoning
edy
be givenimmediately,
cannot
must
we
or
expect to
in common
I givehere the names
der
succeed.
use, and un-
So
many substances of
in manufactures
amongst
one
head
a
I include various
articles made
from
the
to the word mercury, you
instance,
white precipitate,
will find calomel,
corrosive sublimate,
which are all mercury, but in different forms.
vermilion,
As a generalrule,
of poisoning,
in all cases
especially
has been swallowed,
if seen
after the poison
immediately
this
To accomplish
the person should be made to vomit.
water
of mustard in a tumbler of warm
givea teaspoonful
of powderedalum in the
or
two or three teaspoonfuls
substance.
same
For
"
same
way,
ARSENIC:
etc.
"
Scheele's
Symptoms'.Pain
green, ague drops,rat poison,
and burningheat of stomach,
dry
4:6
TILL
THE
DOCTOR
vomiting. Treatment :
throat,cramps, purging,
of milk and raw
largequantities
eggs, lime-water or
of
ness
Give
COMES.
"
flour-and-water.
Then
castor
oil.
antimony,tartar emetic,etc.
purging.
Symptoms : Severe vomiting,cramps, faintness,
mon
Treatment:
Plentyof strong tea. If you have no comtea at hand,use an infusion of oak,elm, sloe,
currant,
bark or leaves. Or for butter of antimony,
or blackberry
the treatment
use
givenbelow for ACIDS. Supportthe
strength.
nitric (aquaof vitriol),
ACIDS : Oxalic,sulphuric
fortis),
(oil
acid.
of salt),
but not prussic
muriatic (spirit
Symptoms : Horriblyburning,sour painfrom the mouth
The skin of the lips,
downwards.
mouth, and throat,is
dissolved. Purging of blood,great thirst. Treatment:
of calcined magnesiainto a pintof water,
Put an ounce
If
and givea wineglassful
every two or three minutes.
the magnesiais not ready,use
whiting,chalk,soda,or
offthe wall,pound
knock a pieceof plaster
or
lime-water,
While one person
it small,and giveit in milk or water.
let another cut some
common
attends to this,
soap into
with water, or a taand give a teaspoonful
small bits,
water
to
Give plentyof warm
of soft soap.
blespoonful
ANTIMONY
:
Butter of
"
"
"
"
drink.
ach,
Mussels,etc. Symptoms : Pain in stomheadache,flushed face,feelingof choking,perhaps
ach
scarlet eruptionof skin. 'Treatment: Empty the stomthen give
by laudanum),
by an emetic (asin poisoning
tard
some
warm
a full dose of castor oil with
spice. A musto the pitof stomach if needful.
plaster
BITE OF SNAKE, or of any animal supposedto be mad.
above the wound, wash
Tie a string
Treatment:
tightly
if he
the bite well,let the person bitten suck the wound
rub
of silver),
If you can get lunar caustic (nitrate
can.
of the wound, or take a very
it well in,
to the very bottom
BAD
FISH
:
"
"
"
AND
POISONS
POISONING.
a steel used for sharpening
poker,or, much better,
to a white
knives ; make the pointof this quitered-hot
small
"
into the
heat if you can
and press this for a moment
This is not such a dreadful operation
wound.
as it seema
"
to be ; if the
article you use, is really
and
is sufficient,
application
whatever
or
steel,
hot
enough,one moment's
givesscarcely
any painat
In
the time.
be given
rattlesnake bite the person must
of
freely
whiskeyor other alcoholic stimulant ; also spirits
case
of
a
ammonia, if it can
be had.
I wish here to draw
attention to
ulous
absurd,ridic-
most
a
ten
if a person be bitwhich exists ; that is,
superstition
by a dog which is in perfecthealth,but afterwards
goes mad, the person also will be affected ; so they insist
for fear it should go mad
upon the dog being destroyed,
the dog should be
at any future period. Instead of this,
taken care of;patients
isfaction
would then have the satcarefully
of knowingthat there was
nothingwrong with it,
and their minds
be at rest.
would
toms:
by dyers. SympVomiting,pain in stomach, purging,convulsive
of milk
Treatment: Give largequantities
twitchings.
en
in it; also raw
with magnesia,
or whiting
chalk,
eggs beatCHLORIDE
OF
TIN:
called Muriate
"
up with water or milk.
ZINC : Burnett's
CHLOKIDE
OF
vitriol.
Symptoms :
Plentyof milk,with
"
Same
as
white
fluid,
disinfecting
chloride of tin.
"
Treatment:
white of eggs in it.
mineral green,
COPPER : Blue copperas, blue verditer,
food or confectionery
cooked in foul copper vessels,
verdigris,
pery
picklesmade green by copper. Symptoms : Coptaste in mouth, tongue dry and parched,
ful
very paincolic,
bloodymotions. Treatment : Large quantities
"
of milk and white of eggs, afterwards
strong tea.
givevinegar.
CORROSIVE
SUBLIMATE
:
See
Mercury.
Don't
48
THE
TILL
INDICUS
COCULUS
VITRIOL
GREEN
Plants.
poisonous
Sulphateof iron. Symptoms : Pain,
:
:
COMES.
DOCTOR
See
"
Treatment:
burningheat of stomach.
sickness,
emetic,afterwards magnesiaor carbonate of soda
"
Give
and
an
ter.
wa-
or soda,or iron.
toms
Symppotassium,
heartburn,vomiting,
: Burning painin throat,
very
of cold
likelysalivation. Treatment: Large quantities
IODINE
:
Iodide of
"
"
flour-and-water.
or
starch-and-water,
white lead.
LEAD : Acetate,or sugar of lead,red lead,
: Metallic taste in
Symptoms, if taken in largequantity
often bloody,
the mouth,painin stomach,painful
vomiting,
hiccough. Treatment : Put two ounces of Epsom salts into
a pintof water, and givea wineglassful
every ten minutes,
either
in small quantities,
tillit operatesfreely.Taken
or one
newly
by drinkingwater out of a new lead cistern,
with white lead,or by working amongst it ; lead
repaired
wrist
loss of power in the limbs,especially
producescolic,
drop,and a blue line alongthe gums : in this case you will
to do anythingtillthe doctor comes.
not require
soothingsyrup, syrup
LAUDANUM
: Opium, paregoric,
ually
of poppies,
stupor,gradetc.,etc. Symptoms: Giddiness,
the pupilof the eye very
into deep sleep,
increasing
ment:
Treatsmall,lipsblue,skin cold,heavy,slow breathing."
ing.
by vomitEmpty the stomach as quicklyas possible
of zinc
of sulphate
For an adult givefifteengrains
"
"
"
in
an
a
to
young person half the quantity,
not
of syrup of ipecac.If you canteaspoonful
littlewater
infant
a
; to
get drugs, use
a
mustard
and
warm
water, salt-and-
water, and tickle the top of the throat. After vomiting
put a mustard plaster
give plentyof very strong coffee,
sinkinggivea
Keep the patient
good quantityof spirit-and-water.
roused tillthe effect has passedoff by beatingthe soles
of the feet,
walkinghim about,or dashingcold water on
round
the calf of each
leg,and
if cold and
60
DOCTOR
THE
TILL
COMES.
and purgSymptoms: Heat,painin stomach,vomiting,
ing.
Treatment:
Vinegar-and-water,
oranges, lemons,
linseed,
fruit. Afterwards,
beer or cider,
sour
or
sour
olive,
"
"
oil.
any wholesome
Oil of bitter
ACID:
PRUSSIC
or
almonds, laurel-water,
and o'thers.
used by photographers
cyanideof potassium,death takes place
Symptoms : If the quantitybe large,
loss
but smaller quantities
produce giddiness,
instantly,
smell is often perThe peculiar
of sight,
and fainting.
ceptible
"
about the mouth.
Treatment:
"
Give sal volatile
smellingsalts to the
the face,and givestimulants.
on
nose, dash cold water
STRYcrorrNE : Bat poison,etc.,nux
vomica.
toms:
Sympof the muscles,convulsions,
There is lockjaw,
twitching
the body is bent backwards,so as to rest upon the
feet and head only. Treatment:
ach
Try to empty the stomby an emetic,then givelinseed-tea or barley-water,
and to an adult thirty
to
dropsof laudanum occasionally
but not
There are other remedies,
relieve the spasms.
such as can be used without a doctor beingpresent.
EMETIC : See Antimony.
TARTAR
Treatment
As in copZINC OXIDE: Symptoms and
per.
water, and
and
apply a
bottle of
"
"
"
no
Always bear in mind that cases
delay. In many diseases and
of
admit
poisoning
accidents
an
hour
of
or
consequence, but here we must think of
and the lifeor death of the patientwill depend
minutes,
two
may
npon
how
TO
be of
you
RESTORE
no
employ them.
A PERSON
APPARENTLY
DROWNED.
Societysome years ago published
Royal Humane
the following
directions as to what should be done for peo"
piewho seemed to be dead from drowningor suffocation,
and Dr. Marshall Hall :
preparedby Dr. Sylvester
The
"
TO
APPARENT
IN
RESTORE
51
DROWNING.
Send
for medical assistance,
blankets,
immediately
but proceedto treat the patientinstantand dry clothing,
fresh air as possible.
as much
ly,securing
and immediately
The points
to be aimed at are
first,
after breaththe restoration of breathing
; and secondly,
"
the promotion of
ing is restored,
The
effortsto restore
arrival of
medical
have
breathing
To maintain
pipe." Cleanse
a
be
one
hour.
an
NATURAL
RESTORE
Free Entrance
BREATHING.
Air
of
into the Wind
and nostrils. This isbest done
the mouth
the patientgentlyface
by placing
with
and circulation.
perseveredin until the
until the pulse and
or
assistance,
lifemust
ceased for at least
TO
TREATMENT
-warmth
downward
for
a
his forehead.
of his wrists under
ment
mo-
This
and throat
any fluids to escape from the mouth
and the tongue to fall forward ; draw forth the patient's
allows
tongue, and keep it forward ; an elastic band over
this purpose.
tongue and under the chin will answer
all tight
from about
clothing
move
To
on
"
with
the
head
and
Rf"
the neck and chest.
adjustthe Patienfs Position.
his back
the
Place
shoulders
the
patient
and
raised,
such as a folded coat.
cushion,
To imitate the Movements
Grasp the
of Breathing."
arms
justabove the elbows,and draw the arms
patient's
gentlyand steadily
upwards, until they meet above the
is for the purpose
of drawing air into the
head (this
for two
in that position
onds.
seclungs)
; and keep the arms
Then
down
the patient's
turn
arms, and press
them gentlyand firmly
for two seconds against
the sides
air out
is with the objectof pressing
of the chest (this
of the lungs: pressure on the breast-bone will aid this).
and
Repeat these measures
deliberately,
alternately,
until a spontanefifteentimes in a minute,
perseveringly,
supportedon
a
small firm
5a
iras
which
tc imitate
cease
proceedto
immediatelyupon
perceived,
and
of breathing,
the movements
is
breathe
effort to
COMES.
DOCTOR
THE
TILL
induce circulationand warmth.
the body may be
procurable,
placedin it up to the neck, continuingto imitate the
of breathing.Raise the body in twenty
movements
and dash cold water against
seconds in a sitting
position,
Should
a
warm
the chest and
The
or
and face
on
the
bath
warm
nose.
longer
Inspiration.During the employment of tha
excite the nostrils with snuff or smelling"
tickle the throat with
or
salts,
under
six minutes.
To excite
above method
pass ammonia
not be kept in the
face,and
patientshould
than five
bath be
and
briskly,
a
Rub
feather.
dash cold and hot water
the chest
alternately
them.
TREATMENT
AFTER
NATURAL
Warmth.
BEEN
STORED.
RE-
Wrap the patient
in dry blankets and commence
rubbingthe limbs upwards,
The friction must
be
firmlyand energetically.
the dry clothing.
continued under the blankets or over
of the body by the application
Promote
the warmth
bottles or bladders of hot water, heated
of hot flannels,
between
bricks,
etc.,to the pitof the stomach,the armpits,
and to the soles of the feet. Warm
the thighs,
clothing
be obtained from bystanders.
may generally
when
the power of swallowing
On the restoration of life,
of warm
has returned,a teaspoonful
water, small
of wine, warm
quantities
brandy and water, or coffee,
should-be kept in bed,and
should be given. The patient
to sleepencouraged.During reaction large
a disposition
to the chest and below the shoulders will
mustard plasters
greatlyrelieve the distressed breathing.Great care is
and at the
to maintain the restored vital action,
requisite
To
induce
Circulation and
HAS
BREATHING
"
53
FEVEE.
time to prevent undue
least three or four hours.
same
Do
be
not
Persevere for at
excitement.
do not
if you
discouraged
There
effect at once, but persevere.
recovery after suspended animation
produceany good
been
have
of
cases
fivehours.
of
You
reward when
stored
glorious
you see the dead reto life throughyour exertions.
plan
[The same
when a person
may be used,except removingthe clothes,
In this
is suffocated with foul air of any description.
should be freely
to the head.
applied
case, too,cold water
Before
of caution.
And here I would give you a word
entering
any old well,sewer, or other placewhere you
candle
may suspect the air to be bad, let down a lighted
into it. If this will not burn,it is not fitfor you to enter.
when any one is in
Never use charcoal for warming a room
it is burningis so deadly,
it. The gas given off when
will feel it a
that I have
seen
husband
thoughthe
charcoal
a
was
and
placedon
wife suffocated in bed.
the
hearth.]
FEVER.
When
never
fever,
forgetthe great
subjectof ventilation. Change the atmosphereof the
and fresh air
room
frequently
; blow the bad air out of it,
into it,
not onlythat the patient
ble
may have the best possi-
nursinga
case
of
chance of recovery, but for your own
sake of others. In every sick room, but
of
sake and for the
in case
especially
be open ; and an open fire
if the weather be quitemild,or if
fever,the chimneyshould
should be
keptup,
the house have
much
a
even
furnace in it. This is not
so
necessarily
for
in the best
the room
heatingas for ventilating
If possible,
soft coal in preference
Let
to hard.
use
way.
the patient's
hair be cut short,
to enable you to attend to
it properly,
and it will also tend to keep the head of the
sufferer cool and comfortable.
When
a
person is delirious
54
TILL
THE
DOCTOR
and fancies
COMES.
alwayscf a
that the
showingplainly
nature, the countenance
painful
There
is a sense
mind is troubled.
of fear,a dread of
somethingwhich he may not have the power to explain
to you.
Try in every way to gain his confidence ; listen
ridiculous they may
however
to his complaints,
patiently
tease him with arguor
ment.
appear to you ; do not contradict,
Remember
dreams to the dreamer are realities,"
him justas much as if they were
and these thingsterrify
for some
It is very common
in the room.
actually
part of
the furniture to take frightful
shapesin the eyes of a fever
patient.Perhapshe may be able to tell you what it is,
but if not, by carefully
watchingthe eyes, you will find
denly,
sudand then turn away
him look steadily
at one
object,
When
these visions
to escape.
as ifhe were
trying
the best plan,if you can do so,
the patient,
are
troubling
with
fever,the
dreams
are
almost
"
is to
him
remove
into another
room.
The
effect is
derful.
won-
the dreadful forms are all
disappear,
gone, and the brightand cheerful face tellsyou better than
words what a reliefhe feels. If you cannot
change the
and if that cannot
be done,
room, change the furniture,
alter its position.
and yet not uncommon
A singular
thingin fever with
delirium is a strong dislike taken by the patient
to a particular
this
not a stranger,but a
generally
person, and
beloved by him when in
who is greatly
one
near
relative,
health,and who has been for days and nightswatching
this feeling
of dislike grows into
In some
him.
cases
over
to
a hatred so deep that it is not safe to allow the person
This is very distressing
in the room.
remain aione
; it appears
such a poor return for allthe care and
so ungrateful,
that it is hard
kindness bestowed upon him, so unnatural,
The
to bear.
visions
But it should be remembered
; it is the result of
a
and has
disease,
real affectionthan takinga
patient's
that it is unnatural
no
more
dislike to
to do with
some
par-
55
FEVEE.
ticular articleof food.
As the mind
becomes
healthythis
will pass off;but it is very desirable that the person
the dislike is taken should be removed
whom
soon
as
to
aa
againenter the room tillthe mind is in
the feeling
or
a healthier state,
may become so fixed that
it.
it will require
a long time to subdue
During the great thirst of fever you will frequently
find that the patient,
a
child,will prefer
particularly
to any other drink; but if you requirea
pure water
cheap and
change,you will find what is called apple-tea
Peel the applesand cut them in very thin
refreshing.
ing
clean sugar, fillup with boilslicesinto a jug with some
water, and let stand till quitecold. The quantity
be fixed,
cannot
as that must
dependupon the qualityof
the fruit. Another
pleasantdrink is made of the juice
and
possible,
of three
or
not
four oranges and one
When
little sugar.
lemon
in
a
quart of
ter
wa-
easilyget
either oranges or lemons,buy a
lime-juice
;
this will keep good in a cool placefor a great lengthof
with
time; it is very wholesome, and a tablespoonful,
half a pint of water, sweetened,will make
a glass of
good lemonade in a minute. Perfect silenceis not always
desirable. It is not a good thingto put on listslippers,
with
a
you cannot
small bottle of
any noise ; if you go up to the
bedside of a patient
in this way, he may
get a severe
rule holds good; do not
the same
fright.In talking,
about without
and walk
awaken
cause
the sleeper,
justbelikely
it is a strange sound ; speakin your natural voice,
and it will not arouse
him, though it be louder than a
whisper,for he hears it every day, and is used to it.
unless
sounds go on as usual,
Therefore let all every-day
and let this reflection comof by the patient,
complained
fort you
Sleep in the midst of noise is sounder and
because
to continue than in a dead silence,
more
likely
less likely
to disturb it.
causes
are
slight
it will
whisper,
"
very
56
TILL
THE
Is it well to awaken
DOCTOR
COMES.
to give food
patient
a
or
cine?
medi-
Generallyyou may conclude that if a patient
he is doingwell ; but in the sinking
sleeps
stage of fever,
it may be needful to give some
or other great debility,
After days and nights of watchfulness,
thing frequently.
where the mind is wanderingwith fever,
the patient
will fall into a longsleep,
which may last many
hours.
I have one
now
enjoyingexcellent health,who sleptin
this way thirty-seven
hours.
This is the turning-point
of
the disease,
and generally
the patientawakens with the
mind
a
and
restored,
from that time commences,
as
it were,
life.
new
When
fever is once
formed,it runs a regularcourse,
like small-pox."We must try to weaken
it as much
as
possible
by fresh air,and support lifeby suitable diet,till
the disease has
to
whether
such
a
itself out.
worn
such
as
to do
fever
or
as
know
thingscannot
the illnessbe
way
But
not, you
customed
person not acat the beginning
a
must
good if it be fever,and
act
no
only in
harm
if it
be not.
A
perhapsafter gettingwet or beingexposed
to cold,complainsof headache,shivering,
painsin the
limbs,back, and throat ; put him to bed and give him
hot drink,soak his feet in hot mustard
some
water, and
oil. Having done so much,
at nightgivea dose of castor
wait to see if he will not throw off the attack,which
cold.
may have been but an ordinary
person,
SCAELET
FEVER.
guish
It is very desirable that you should be able to distinfor the firstis a
between scarlet fever and measles,
most
and the
fatal diseaso,
seldom
fever:
second,with
destroylife. There
the mild form, where
are
two
proper care, will
kinds of scarlet
there is little or
no
sore
68
THE
TILL
COMES.
DOCTOR
in doingthis. No coaxingnor
delight
is to put
any effect ; your only remedy
to
or
socks
worsted
on
the
hands
and
threats will have
a
secure
pairof
mittens
them
to
the
will
and thumb
of the dress ; then the fingers
inside the sock without gettinghold of the skin.
waistbands
meet
after he seems
Keep the child in the house a fortnight
quitewell
I
is very infectious.
like small-pox,
This disease,
have known
a whole
familyprostrated
by the lady mert y
fected
standingfor two or three minutes in the lobby of an inof a nobleman's
I also know
house.
a case
house,
was
where the whole of the furniture of the room
burnt,
the other rooms
were
repaintedand papered,and the
house left empty for four months, yet the disease broke
which had remained in
out againfrom usingsome
clothing
to be washed
allow any clothes of a patient
it. Never
in the house, but always outside;do not pour boiling
water
on
to
them
stand
and
over
the steam.
Fever
is
ing
disease like rheumatism
or
dropsy,affectsolitary
it is
only one person ; but when it once fixes itself,
it will attack before it quits
to tell how
Impossible
many
if you have it in your own
the locality
house,
; therefore,
do not allow any person to enter it,and never
yourself
; but if it be your
go to any puch placefrom idle curiosity
duty to go, do your duty without fear,and leave the rest
not
a
with
God.
and all
small-poxthe sick room
the articles used in it should be thoroughly disinfected.
This may be very thoroughlyand well done
by closing
after removing everythingwet or
air-tight,
up the room
moist from
it,and then burning sulphur in it a few
iron pipkinor kettle with legs. Every per*
on
an
ounces
after the sulphuris lighted,
should leave the room
son
After
scarlet fever
or
"
and
it should
be left closed for several hours.
59
SMALL-POX.
MEASLES.
We
come
to
another infectious
but one which,
disease,
rule.
as
a general
fatal,
with
ordinarycare, is not
Symptoms. The child appears as if it had a cold in
the head,sneezing,
cough,running at the eyes and nose,
of the face,
the eyes are red,and very sensitive to
itching
the light.
On the fourth day small red spots appear on the face,
in clusters,
and then spread. If you examine
generally
them carefully,
cent
you will find they are not round,but creshalf-moon shape. In measles the fever increases
or
When
it has been out three days
out.
as the rash comes
it turns brown, and the skin crumbles off like bran.
The
common
saying with regardto measles is, It is three
is ill
days out, and four days in,"that is,that the patient
four days before the eruptionappears, and that it remains
three days. At this stage, diarrhoea frequently
"
"
occurs.
Let the child be in
a
shaded
room
from any strong
well protected
light.Keep the chest particularly
from
cold. Give plentyof warm
weak drinks,
such as tea,arrowroot,
etc.,and if the breathingis difficult,
put on a
mustard
and oat-meal poultice
and givea
to the chest,
small dose of purgative
medicine,if needful. In general
this is all that is required,
if you onlyprotect the child
from getting
cold. But if the disease is not running its
usual course, and more
than this is needful,
you will need
good medical advice.
SMALL-POX.
In the ten years from 1856 to 1866, fifty
thousand persons
have died of small-pox
in England,
of which number
nine thousand
four hundred
and
ii)
twenty-five
perished
60
TELL
THE
DOCTOR
COMES.
lives
that is to say, five thousand
and neglect.
every year by stupidity
The
small-poxfirst comes
symptoms, when
one
year;
ficed
sacri-
are
on,
are
fever,painsin the limbs and back, headache,vomiting,
the pitof the stomach.
and painon pressing
On the third day,small red spots appear on the face
rise and enlarge,
the eruption
and head ; these gradually
spreadsover the whole body, into the ears, eyes, nose,
and face swell,
there
mouth, and throat. The hands,feet,
in swallowing
is great difficulty
; by the eighthday the
the eyes are
of pocks. In severe
face is a mass
cases
lost.
affected and the sightsometimes
often seriously
On the eleventh day the sores dischargeand form a dry
dries and fallsoff. This is the time
crust,which gradually
to twenty
when it so frequently
proves fatal. In seventeen
days the disease may be said to have run its course.
on
when once
taken,moves
by fixed laws,
Small-pox,
it ;
and nothingyou can do will either cut it short or cure
it must go throughits regularstages. Still,
you may be
for it
cut the hair close,
very useful. In the firstplace,
pocks have
from
risen. To preventpitting,
you must keep the light
the patient's
face,either by coveringit with a pieceof
somethingblack say silk with holes cut in it for the
dark.
and
mouth
nostrils;or by keeping the room
ering
Anoint the partswith sweet oil to prevent itching.Covit is
the face is better than darkeningthe room
is
for
impossible
you
to
brush
it after the
"
"
"
effect upon
the
the
clothes is
partsexposed
"
Remember,
BO
attendants,and has a better
skin. The part of the body covered by
scarcelymarked in comparisonwith the
convenient
more
as
for the
the face and
hands.
infectious ;
dreadfully
tions
the direcover
carefully
that this disease is
read
look well after ventilation,
I gave when
for the doctor.
writingabout
the sick room,
and
send
61
CHOLERA.
As
we
know
to
a
slightextent
the ravages of this
misery caused by it,
and poverty and
disease,
the duty of every one of us to do our utmost
it is plainly
tion.
to do this is by vaccinato prevent it ; and the onlyway
Vaccination either preventsthe person takingit at
fatal
all,or, if it be taken,changes it from a terribly
corn^
life
or
into one which scarcely
ever
sight,
destroys
plaint
dreadful
I have myselfhad
in any way.
injuresthe patient
covered
who have been completely
of patients
numbers
with the modified eruption inside the eyelids,
ears, nose,
mouth, and in the throat but I have never yet seen a person
^oho had been proor be disfigured,
die,or lose the sight,
perly
vaccinated.
and successfully
and children
This,then,is your duty. Get yourself
it ;
vaccinated ; let no foolish person persuade
you against
breaks out near you, have it done again.
and if small-pox
It takes very little time,it givesso little pain,that it
may be done without awaking a child out of its sleep,
and it need not keep you from your usual employment.
Let me
the only known
entreat you not "to neglectthis,
for you
precaution.
; if you do, you commit a great crime,
but
not onlyrun
the risk of takingthe disease yourself,
of infecting
in which you live
the neighborhood
or
"
"
CHOLERA.
ASIATIC
Tms
CHOLERA.
terrible disease sweeps
over
the land
at times
likea
rying
and hurdestroying
angel,leavinghouses desolate,
thousands unpreparedinto the grave.
It is of the
utmost
importancethat you should be able to distinguish
between common
purgingand true cholera. In common
where the motions are
looseness,
one
you have two kinds
a dirty
color,and very offensive,
pipe-clay
showing too
littlebile ; in the other,
a bright
yellowcolor,with some
"
62
COMES.
DOCTOR
THE
TILL
smartingpain,showingtoo much bile what in
burning,
called bilious purging.
Symptoms of True Cholera. For one or perhaps for
two days,there is gentle
purging;if not stoppedit quickly
"
bowels
stage. What
the next
to
on
runs
it is
offensive,
is not
now
passes from
like rice water
or
tho
very thin
It givesno
gruel,and all control over the bowels is lost.
vere
pain,there is no straining,
though there may be very seis gone, the body,
cramps. In a few hours all strength
the tongue, and even
the breath are quitecold,the nails
there is great thirst,
turn blue,
perhapsconstant vomiting;
do
in a few hours than they would
the eyes sink more
in months
and the most remarkable
of ordinaryillness,
change takes place in the voice. It becomes a small
that any
squeakingwhisper,so unnatural and so peculiar
it in
who has seen much
of cholera could distinguish
one
a moment
by the voice alone.
There
is no
cure
it once
for cholera when
takes hold
of medicine likely
of the system ; every description
to do
but so
good has been tried by the most skilful physicians,
far
we
know
of
no
remedy.
The
tune
to
do
good is in
patientget
at once
early stage. Commence
; let the
ties
to bed, apply hot bricks and fomentations to the extremiHe may also at
and mustard plasters
to the bowels.
hot drink to try to bringon perspiration.
firsttake some
take ten
In the absence
of a physicianan adult may
of camphor. A
and ten of spirits
drops of laudanum
the
child of ten
five of each ; a child of five years
of each, and these doses may
be repeated
years
three
drops
every
twenty minutes
as
long
as
diarrhoea
or
pain or
vomiting continues. This may save time, but
send for a physician
at once.
cases
All damp, dirtyplaces,
where the
particularly
is not good, are most
to be visited by it.
likely
in
all
water
BOWEL
Peoplewho
are
have
dirtyand intemperate
of recovery
All the
of
discharges
be
removed
at
once
63
COMPLAINTS.
less chance
than others.
person illwith cholera should
the room, and the utensils and
a
from
clothing
thoroughlyscalded
CHOLEKA
MOBBUS.
"
The
with
water.
boiling
attack of cholera morlras is
night. It is marked by sudden and
followed by purging and accompanied
severe
vomiting,
These are
by severe
cramps, generallyin the bowels.
ture
temporarilyrelieved by the evacuations. Another feais thirst. At the same
time the skin is quite cool.
would
from the attack
one
recover
Generallyspeaking,
without medical aid,though at the cost of much
ing,
sufferwhich timelytreatment
prevent. Let the permay
son
mustard
the
bowels,and
plasteron
go to bed, put a
stay on his back tillthe vomitingand purginghave stopped
Tery apt to
occur
at
for several hours.
camphor as
He
and
may take the laudanum
directed for Asiatic cholera,
but not oftener
of the bowels, instead of
after every movement
When
the stomach
begins to
every twenty minutes.
to
crave
food,a cup of hot tea will probablythrow him in-
than
a
and
perspiration,
but the medicine
nothing
and littlebits of ice.
BOWEL
COMPLAINTS.
and is frequently
fatal
every summer,
at the same
children. Because it is common
Diarrhoea
to
before that he should take
occurs
young
time of the year that fruit is,it is generally
thoughtthat
in with
eatingfruit is the cause of it. It is said to come
plum season : so it does,but not because of the
plums,or infants at the breast would not so frequently
in its proper season, does
die of it. Ripe, sound fruit,
cayed
no
harm, but -great good; but sour, unripe,or half-delittlebetter than poison
fruit or vegetables
are
; so
the
64
TILL
TUB
DOCTOR
COMES.
which
say, eat of the fruitof every tree
tillit is
for the use of man, but have patience
I would
and
ripe,
rotting.When
any part which is decayedor
this complaint
appears, it should be attended
do not
use
for it
stoppedimmediately,
to throw off somethingwhich
allowed
is good
to run
on, it becomes
is often
an
ways
to,not al-
effort of
is better aw?y
serious.
ture
na-
; but if
importantquestion,How to know
sist
to aswhen to stop the action of the bowels,and when
rule. If
You may take this as a good general
them.
if they
or
what passes from the bowels be very offensive,
acted upon for some
have not been sufficiently
days,then
clear them out with a dose of castor-oil before you give
anythingelse.
Now
comes
In the
case
spicedsyrup
spoonfulmay
the
of
a
"
child it will be
of rhubarb
as
use
the
oil. A
tea-
well to
instead of castor
givenan infant. In any case, put the
child to bed, pin a flannel bandage tightlyround the
fect
Perhours.
bowels,and giveno food whatever for some
importance.
quietupon the back is of the utmost
These
be
latter directions should be followed out in all cases
of whatever kind.
complaints,
If there is painin the bowels,apply either a mustard
dinner
else treat as follows : Make
a common
or
plaster
nel
folds of flanplateor small dish quitehot,lay on some
over
out of hot water, placethe hot plate
this,
wrung
takingcare that the edges do not extend beyond the
with a dry towel.
flannel ; then cover
By having two
at the fire while the other is in use, you can
one
plates,
of heat
change them in a moment, and get any amount
without the weightof a largepoultice.
you require
our
of the purgativemedicine
After the operation
great reliance must be upon opium,and laudanum may
under the head of
be givenin the doses recommended
cholera,after each passage. But you should not give
of bowel
66
TILL
HOOPING
HOOPING
COUGH
THE
DOCTOR
AND
COUGH
does
COMES.
not
show
CROUP.
itself decidedlyin
days,like scarlet fever or measles. At first
cold. The
there are merely the symptoms of a slight
when
child has a short,
taking
dry cough,particularly
This will go on for a week, or perhapsnearlya
food.
before you hear the peculiar
sound,which you
fortnight,
mistake.
The fit of coughing is precededby a
cannot
sort of convulsive drawing in of the breath,
which,as it
the whoop. The
rushes into the chest,causes
cough
ends in vomiting.
lasts for about a minute,and generally
and the child appears pretty
is then quiet,
The breathing
comfortable tillthe approachof the next fit. In children
under two years of age this disease is more
dangerous
two
or
three
than in older
ones.
If the child should have
seek
convulsions,
advice
In milder cases, you will find that time
plentyof fresh air in fine weather will bringabout a
mediate
imand
cure.
breathingbe very bad, put a good hot mustard
the chest ; and if the chest is a
on
and oatmeal poultice
ter
good deal stuffed and the child does not often vomit afof syrup of ipecacmay
a teaspoonful
the coughingfit,
has gone
the complaint
be givenwith advantage. When
for some
on
weeks,change of air is the onlythingwhich
be dependedupon for stoppingit. If you allow the
can
child to get cold while it has this complaint,
you cannot
reasonablyexpect it to recover.
for if neglected
immediate
CEOUP
attention,
requires
it may
destroylife in one or two days. It commences
of
vath hoarseness and short dry cough. The difficulty
tressing
and soon
becomes
very disbreathingquicklyincreases,
to require
for breath,and seems
; the child .fights
all its strengthto force the air in and out of the
mako
the voice and breathing
chest. The face is flushed,
If the
67
CKOUP.
scribe,
to deimpossible
but which,if you once
:
hear,you will never forget
it is a sort of a rasping,
choking sound,and the
grating,
is somethinglike the noise
when the child speaks,
voice,
I would recommend
of a fowl when caught in the hand.
a
all mothers
a
it is almost
sound,which
peculiar
case
who
of it within
it from
distinguish
sore
croup to do so, if there be
reach,and then they will be able to
have not
the
seen
chokingsound
of mumps
or
mon
com-
throat.
day, send at once for a doctor. Till the
two
or
doctor comes, proceed in -this way : Give one
of syrup of ipecacuanha
repeat
; if needful,
teaspoonfuls
water
to drink
it every fifteen minutes and give warm
till the child vomits plentifully;
put the feet into hot
tillthe skin is quitered,and a good
and mustard
water
made with two
largepoultice,
partsoatmeal or bran and
and keep it on
one
part mustard,well up to the throat,
tillit reddens the skin. Three hours after the vomiting,
of water
with two dropsof
givethe child a teaspoonful
syrup of ipecacin it,for each year of its age, up to ten
drops; that is,for a child one year old,two drops; four
Repeat this two or
years old,eightdrops;and so on.
three times in the twenty-four
The objectis to
hours.
sick,
keep the child constantly
juston the pointof
feeling
be not relieved the firstday,
vomiting.If the breathing
the throat may close
or
repeat the vomiting,
you must
up and the child be suffocated. Mix in a tea-cupequal
vinegar; let it stand
parts of molasses and good common
where it will keepjustwarm,
and givethe child a small
less of each
or
teaspoonful
frequently
; you may put more
article according
of the vinegar,
the
to the strength
as
child finds agreeable.For croup and all descriptions
of
sore
throat,there is no remedy equalto this old-fashioned,
simplemixture. To save a child when taken ill with
attack it at once, and act decidedly.
.croup, you must
Night
or
6?
Always
but
COMES.
DOCTOR
THE
TILL
if you can.
ous,
Delays are dangeractingupon these directions you will have
obtain advice
by
tillthe doctor comes.
safely
of breathingor pain in the
of difficulty
chest you may always safely
applya mustard and oatmeal
tillthe skin is red (andit reddens in a
or bran poultice
but never
apply
children),
very few minutes in young
done all you can
In any case
leeches
blister to
a
or
restore
best
child without
COLD
COMMON
The
a
AND
INFLUENZA.
plan to adopt with
common
a
the proper action of the skin
Various
methods
may
the doctor's advice.
be used
:
as
for
soon
COLD, is
as
to
possible.
a person
instance,
warning,which makes him say, Now
peculiar
I'm in for a cold,I feel it coming on
headache,chilly.,
creepingfeelingof the skin,and a state of miserablenes"
generally."If he can manage it,let him go at once and
"
feels that
"
take
the
a
Turkish
time,let
or
common
him
vapor bath.
to bed,take ten
Or if he
can
spare
grainsof Dover's
go
powder,with a littlesugar, put a largehot bran or oatmeal
and in an hour after the powder
all over his chest,
poultice
and put on an extra
gruel,
bed
The next morninghe should be well rubblanket or two.
all over with a coarse
towel,and take a Seidlitz powder
either of them,
of Epsom salts,
or
a largeteaspoonful
take
in
a
warm
pintof hot tea,or
suppose it comes
Let him put on
to.
But
water.
thin
on
when
business
quantity
drink a pintof hot tea,and take a quickwalk
of clothing,
then cool
tillthe skin is quitedamp with perspiration,
down gradually.If a person has cold,not very bad, but
ter
"what is called
hangingabout them," a pintof cold wawill be an
at bedtime,and a littleextra bedclothes,
But whichever
excellent remedy without any medicine.
planyou adopt,do not half do it ; if you are obligedto
must
be attended
"
an
extra
69
FITS.
give way, do it thoroughly,
stay in bed from twelve to
hours,and givethe cold a check. If you are
twenty-four
work hard
compelledto go out,put on plentyof clothing,
and bustle about as much
at your business,
as
possible.
INFLUENZA.
I do not know any complaint
which produces
such depression
of spirits
I have had strong,
as this.
able men, such as
navvies,"who work out in all weath
and ask me if they were
to die soon, they
era, come
likely
felt so
down."
Any one attacked with Influenza should
giveup at once, remain in bed,and encourage perspiration
in his power.
If it can be had, the Dover's
by every means
powder should be taken,as in common
colds,and
and either with or without this,
I have
repeatedif needful,
found the following
of milk very useful. It
preparation
is called wine whey, made by putting
two wineglassfuls
of white wine and one teaspoonful
of vinegarto a pintof
milk ; simmer it very gentlyso as not to break the curd,
"
"
"
then strain and
whey direct
get wine,use rum
the
sweeten.
from
the
If you
dairy.
in the sweet
in the country,get
If you are not able to
are
milk.
There
is no
objection
of a littlespice
to the use
to givean agreeable
flavor.
Either of these may
be givenin divided quantities
very
and are generally
to the patient.
frequently,
very pleasant
FITS.
Fits in children
arise from teething,
generally
worms,
other
substance irritating
or some
the stomach and bowels,
from somethingwrong
or
with the brain. Supposinga
fithas come
at hand, apply
on, and you have no physician
cloths dippedin hot mustard and water or turpentine,
to
the feet and the lower part of the legstillthe skin is quito
reddened,and cold water to the head. While doingthis,
have one, two, or three tcaspoonsful
of syrup of ipecacuanha,
and warm
or mustard
water ready; watch for an op-
70
TILL
and get a
portunity,
THE
DOCTOR
COMES.
swallowed
sufficientquantity
to
duce
pro-
this is over, the child will most
vomiting. When
calm
take a long sleep. When
you are sufficiently
likely
to sec a little
after yoro painful
task,for it is very painful
in such a state,it becomes
one
your duty to endeavor to
find out the cause, and so, if possible,
preventa return. If
the gums may be needful ; if from the
itbe the teeth,
lancing
dose ; if from worms, the treatment
stomach,a purgative
But perhapsthe brain is at fault.
as givenin page 97.
should therefore procure the best advice you can, and
But if away
do not take the responsibility
upon yourself.
be done by keeping
a great deal can
from medical assistance,
You
attendingto
strictly
excitement,
and carefully
guardingthe child from eating
digestion,
articles called " trash,"which they
of the numerous
but that they are not fit
reason
to eat for no earthly
the brain" free from
the
any
seem
for them.
and
epilepsy,
adults,
you will meet with apoplexy,
other seizures. In nearlyevery case these are so sudden,
for you to procure a doctor ; and,
that it is not possible
In
swer
needful for you to have an anit is all the more
therefore,
"
? and,if so, what
to the question,Can I do anything
is the best thingto do ?" Well, then,the best thingyou
ing,
to loosen the clothfirst,
is,
can
do,in a fitof any description
there
whatever
or
necktie,
cap string,
stays,collar,
In many cases this
APOPLEXY.
may be. Suppose it be
fatal that your services will be useless ; but,
is so quickly
if not, you will find the face flushed
nearlypurple,the
like very deep snoring
; and all power
labored,
breathing
raise
the clothes,
gone from the limbs. After loosening
"
and shoulders well up, but be careful not to bend
the neck forward on to the breast. Apply cold to the head,
that the person has
and warmth
to the feet. If you know
the head
taken
a
meal
before
shortly
water, or any other emetic
the
attack,givemustard
at hand.
and
After this has oper-
MISCELLANEOUS.
medicine
If a
or an
purgative
injection.
sufficientquantity
of fluid cannot be swallowed,and you
cannot excite vomiting
the throat,
etc.,
get from
by tickling
the apothecary
two
drops of croton oil,on a small bit
of sugar or butter,
and put it on the tongue, and, if possible,
get fc swallowed ; if you be away from an apothecary,
not the oil,
or have
you must wait tillyou can givesome
ordinarypurgative.Any person, with a stout habit of
crimson countenance, should
body,or short neck and florid,
avoid all descriptions
of food likely
to disagree
carefully
with him, and. never
eat a heavy meal, particularly
near
dose of
ated,a
bedtime.
cles
you have convulsive workingof the musbiting
of the face and limbs,and also very frequently
In
EPILEPSY
quitedifferent from the stupid,
heavy,
drunken-like state of apoplexy. All that you can
do
from injury,
and
duringthe fitis to protect the patient
tween
bea towel,or
handkerchief,
get a pieceof india-rubber,
but to
the teeth,
not to stop the breathing,
so
as
protectthe tongue. After recovery, endeavor to find if
the cause, and let that,whether it be particular
possible
be abstained from.
kinds of diet,
or excitement,
occupation,
Sometimes a simpleremedy,such as tyinga bandagetightly
round a leg or arm, will prevent an attack ; but generally
the seizure is too sudden to allow time for anything
the tongue
to be done.
"
The
under the watchful
to
tiatcause
of this sad
plaint
com-
beyond the limits of this little book, and
such as ought not to be used,excepting
are
the remedies
"
treatment
far
are
do
and
cause
guard your
"
All that you can
physician.
and to avoid
patient
againstinjury,
of
care
a
it.
if you know
MISCELLANEOUS.
ULCERS
OF
THE
LEG.
"
It is not
an
country districtsto find persons who
uncommon
have
in
tiling
been afflicted
72
COMES.
DOCTOR
THE
TILL
long time. They will tellyou
with nearlyevery herb that ever
poulticed
with ulcers for
have
used ointments made
be found
that
they
grew,
and
a
either
on
of almost every subrtam-e \\hichcan
the earth,or in the earth,or in the
show the slightest
under the earth ; yet they never
inclinationto heal,but graduallybecome
worse, till at
waters
under the constant
last the constitution breaks down
tation,
irri-
drain,and the loss of exercise and sleep.
heal them without proper supwill ever
No dressings
port.
Cut strips
of sticking-plaster,
so
long that they
round the leg,and as
but not quite,
meet
will nearly,
See that the parts are clean and
broad as two fingers.
take one end of it in each hand,
the plaster,
dry; warm
down hard
fix one end on the sound part,pullthe plaster
the wound, and see that it does not slip
and tightacross
;
beginat the bottom,two inches below the wound, and go
the edge of each piece
up to two inches above it,letting
overlapthe one below it half an inch,exactlylike slates
Then put on a bandage,rather
the roof of a house.
on
but evenly,
from the toes to the knee,and let the
tightly,
be changed once
The plasters
must
a
leg be keptup.
loose or offensive,
as theybecome
as soon
week,or ofteuer,
the
but
before.
not
when
or
any
other
sore,
to it.
rag, but pour the water on
is in giving
secret of curingthese obstinate places
with
it is healing,
The
touch this
Never
support by
must
plaster
BOILS
AND
the
be
a
plasterand bandage. To
pulledtightacross the sore.
CARBUNCLES
are
do
this the
considered to show
ty
pover-
should have
a
good diet,by which,
blood,and
But a
rich food,to cure
them.
however,I don't mean
is not dangerous,
and seldom requires
however
painful,
boil,
of resin ointment,
than a poultice,
or a plaster
more
of the
or
excellent soap and sugar. A
either soft matter
a
or
lump, containing
single
the old-fashioned
boil is a
but
harder substance called
a
core.
When
this is discharged,
74
THE
TILL
Take
a
pressure, and as
become wider.
BED
SOEES.
a
thin and weak
scrape the arch of
that it cannot resistthe
natural consequence,
Perhapsmany
"
COMES.
and
window-glass,
bit of broken
tillit is so
nail,
the
DOCTOR
it will flatten and
persons
will be shocked
fined
peopledie,when longconbut of sores
to bed,not of the disease or
accident,
neither patient
of cases
caused by neglect
; and in numbers
has any idea of what is goingon.
nurse
nor
Particularly
mind is not in a state to complain
in fevers,
the patient's
of a slight
pain,therefore such sores must be sought for
form about
by the nurse, and prevented.They generally
the bottom of the back,and about the hips. The constant
and
redness at first,
a slight
pressure of the body causes
be stopped; but if
if attended to then the mischief may
which
and leaves a sore
allowed to go on, the part dies,
amine
Exall chance of recovery.
takes away
too frequently
and
carefully
every day, bathe the parts with spirit
the position,
water, and take off the pressure, firstby altering
and secondly,
if possible,
or
by making littlepillows
pads,and placingthem so as to bear the weight. The india rubber air cushions and ringsare the best for this purpose.
Unless you do this,all treatment
adopt
you can
when
I tell them
will be of
no
that
scores
of
avail.
Fill the
TOOTH-ACHE,EAR-ACHE, PAIN IN THE FACE.
side with laudanum, and plug it with
the painful
ear
on
little wool or lint. To do this properlythe person
a
should lay the head on a table with the bad side upwards;
you need not fear puttingtoo much in,itwill do no harm.
the bottle stand for
First warm
the laudanum, by letting
"
a
few minutes
in
tooth-ache when
IN
THE
Laudanum
will not
cure
but it will frequentthe tooth is decayed,
ly
givereliefand
attended
properly
THINGS
water.
warm
a
good night's
rest,tillyou
can
have
it
to.
EYE.
"
Bits of
cinder,
insects,
chippings
THINGS
of metal
under
or
EST
THE
AND
NOSE
75
EAR.
stone,frequently
get fixed in the eye, generally
the upper
lid. Shut the eye, pass a bodkin under
the lid,
and pushing
press gentlyupon it with your finger,
the lid,
with the bodkin,sweep the little
outwards,against
nuisance into the inner
where
of the eye. In steam-vessels,
of cinder in the eye are constantly
ring,
occur-
cases
corner
I have found this
plan almost always succeed. If
you have not a bodkin,you can use the head of a smooth
article ; or pullthe lid away
pin,or any small,smooth
from the eye, put a littleslip
of writingpaper under the
ing
lid,press gentlyupon it and draw it away.
Simply liftthe upper lid away from the eyeballby takinghold
of the eyelashes
and drawing it down
the lower lid
over
wi)l often suffice. Sometimes
small chippingof iron
a
often
are
gets fixed on the ball of the eye, and engineers
very expert in removingthem with the pointof a penknife.
But if you can get a good magnet, it will draw away
the
the eye. It will
chipof iron without any risk of injuring
be safer however
THINGS
to go to
oculist for such
THE
AND
EAK.
cases.
Any one accustomed
knows how apt theyare to push small articles,
to children,
into these places.If in
such as peas, beans,and pebbles,
the nose, take a pairof small pliers,
or
a pairof scissors
and
with blunt points
; put the pointsinto the nostril,
the face
then open them gently,
across
you will be able
to stretch the nostril without
givingpain; at the same
above the substance and press it doAvntime,put the finger
and thumb, so as to pinchthe nose.
wards
not the finger
IN
NOSE
an
"
"
"
If this does not answer, draw out the scissors and tickle
the inside of the nose, or givea very small pinchof smuT,
so
as
water
remove
to
make
the child
is the best and the
such
surgeon at
than stones
thingsfrom
once.
or
sneeze.
only safe way
the
for you
to
warm
are
of
more
for they soon
substances,
to
use
If that fails go
ear.
Peas and beans
metal
Syringingwith
to
a
consequence
swell with
76
TILL
THE
COMES.
DOCTOR
place. I have myself
child
known
a pea left in the nostril of a poor
reglected
come
tillit began to sprout; fortunately
by that time ithad bebroken down and removed,
so soft that it was
easily
and the ulcer prevented
comingthroughthe side. In cose
into the ear, fillit with oil,and the
of any insect getting
insect will die immediately.
bone"beco
fishCHOKING."
Bits of meat
bone" particularly
or
and according
fixed in the throat,
to the size,
ling
troublesome tickor
produceeither suffocation (choking)
cough,
Treatment.
If the person be choking,
givea smart slap
warmth
and
the moisture
of the
"
In nine cases
with the open hand between the shoulders.
of the air in the chest
out of ten the sudden
compression
will shoot the substance
out
of the mouth
; but
if not,
throat,and see if there be anythingyou can
reach with your finger
and thumb or a largeblunt-pointed
If you do not succeed in
and pullit out.
pairof scissors,
and
bend it a little,
take a silver or pewter tablespoon,
this,
push it down the throat. Keep quiteto the back of the
If there be a doctor
throat,and you will do no harm.
look into the
near, send to him.
delay,and
But this is a
case
which admits of
the life hangs upon your coolness and
no
quickness
of action.
only a small substance in the throat,and the
person can swallow,give plentyof bread or potato and
after it. If this is not sufficient,
a drink of water
givea
and warm
of mustard
water, or any other
teaspoonful
If it be
ed,
emetic you have at hand ; and after the person has vomitfind it all right. If you do not
you will generally
succeed,send
for
a
surgeon.
This is a sudden
due to long
prostration
when one ismuch fatigued
exposure to greatheat,especially
It commonly happens from undue exposure
or exhausted.
SUNSTROKE.
"
to the sun's rays in summer,
but I have
seen
the
same
ef-
PEOPLE
fects producedin
77
FROZEN.
BEING
baker from the greatheat of the bakein the head or dizziness,
It begins
with pain
quickly
room.
a
by loss of consciousness and completeprostration.
Sometimes,however,the attack is as sudden as a stroke of
apoplexy. The head is often burninghot,the face dark
and the
and swollen,the breathinglabored and snoring,
extremities cold. Take the patient
to a cool and
at once
but don't carry him far to a house or hospital.
shadyplace,
Loosen the clothes thoroughly
about his neck and waist.
Lay him down with the head a littleraised. Apply wet
cloths to the head, and mustard
to the
or
turpentine
calves of the legsand the soles of the feet. Give a little
Meanwhile let
weak whiskeyand water ifhe can swallow.
do more
You cannot safely
one
some
go for the doctor.
foliowed
than I have said without
PEOPLE
Whether
the whole
of the
principle
Avoid
his advice.
FROZEN.
BEING
the
body or onlya part is affected,
is the
treatment
same.
change. If a person be found quite
benumbed
if you take him direct to a fire you
with cold,
may perhapsdestroylife; a barn,a shed,or a room, which
feels very cold to you, is warm
enoughat first. Remove
ets,
the clothes ifwet, and rub the body dry,put him into blankand givea littlewarm
wine and water, or weak spirit
him to a warmer
and water, or tea ; after a while,remove
increase
and so gradually
a
fire,
room, but stillnot near
a
sudden
the warmth.
If you should
as
not
ever
be
so
er
cold weathsituated in intensely
to be able to reach
a
and
placeof shelter,
find
look out for a snowdrift on the side
failing,
your strength
of a hill away from the wind ; or if on a plain,
try to find
a hollow filledup with snow
; scrape a hole largeenough
for your
body and
creep into
then
it,
you
are
comparative-
78
TILL
ly safe :
THE
COMES.
DOCTOR
will shelter you from the wind and
Human
beingsand sheephave lain for
the
Know
you warm.
in this way,
forgetthe first
and give
warning of danger. If you feel a desire to sleep,
way to it in the open country, it will be the sleepof
or
death; you must keep in motion,however painful,
perish.
But there is another effect of cold,which is generally
caused by standing
or
walkingagainsta very cold wind,
denly
suda person
which is called beingnipped. I have seen
seized with greatpainin the bowels,drawn together
the gloves
with cramp, the hands so swollen as to require
The same
ment
treatand with intense headache.
to be cut off,
of
: gradual
warmth, very small quantities
answers
warm
and,after a while,hot flannel to the painful
stimulants,
and been saved.
But
keep
days
never
parts.
FKOST
BITES attack the extremitiesand
projecting
parts
They are frequently
nose, ears.
body,hands,feet,
that a person is not aware
free from pain,
so rapidand
In Canada, when
meeting a
of anythingbeing wrong.
tion,
I have both givenand taken the caufriend in the street,
Th"3 blood,
it looks whitish."
Mind your nose, sir,
it is cold forms
but when
is fluid,
you know, when warm,
of the
"
and you also know that when water or other
and so breaks water bottles and
it expands,
freezes,
liquid
a
solid clot
"
the same
Now, precisely
jugs,and it also becomes lighter.
thingtakes placein frost bites ; the blood in the part gets
sels
then stops,all the littleblood-vescold and runs slowly,
choked and swollen,
are
you apply heat and burst
and troublesome wounds ;
them, causingdreadful suffering
and
the circulation is quite
stopped,
or if you do nothing,
the part dies or
Treatment.
"
mortifies.
Keep
you can, get clean
it ; or if you cannot
snow
the person away from all heat ; if
with
and rub the partsconstantly
find
snow
get the coldest
water.
Let
79
CHILBLAINS.
for the exertion will
patienthimself rub if possible,
bing
continue this rubYou must
warm.
keep him sufficiently
for hours in severe
cases, tillyou get the partsquite
not
and somethingnear the natural color. You must
soft,
of compassion
to stop you*
or feeling
allow any complaints
room.
rubbing,or to cause you to bringhim into a warm
let him have a run for a minute,
Put on extra clothing,
or
but do not come
near
a fire. After
you have done this,
and 04!,
anoint well with sweet oil or lard,or lime water
the
wrap up well with flannel.
If you should have any sores, dress them the same
We had one case on board a steamer, which
burns.
and
as
pily
hap-
The men
suffering.
es.
were
busy in the very dirtyemployment of removingashself
One of the engineers,
beingoff duty,had dressed himAfter standing
in his shore clothes ready for a walk.
noticed the white patch
time talking,
of the men
some
one
handful of snow,
his cheek,and instantly
a
on
gathering
efit
commenced
rubbingvigorously.In his eagerness to benhis friend,
he had forgotten
the state of his hands,till
the snow
tled
motbegan to melt,which gave a extraordinary
black and white look to the engineer's
tle
face,and litcaused
amusement
more
ink-like streams
CHILBLAINS
frost
are
than
trinkled down
in truth the
his best clothes.
same
in every
as
way
lesome
troub-
but in a milder form.
bites,
They are more
than dangerous,
lation,
though in persons of weak circuif neglected,
or
theycause sores which last through
the winter.
Prevention
them
is better than
is to
cure.
The
onlyway
to
prevent
and
the hands
on
clothing
and above all
feet,
keep up the circulation by exercise,
not to bringthem
tilings
suddenlyfrom cold to great
heat. This is the whole secret of prevention.When
they are formed,but not broken,rub well two or three
times a day with equalpartsof turpentine
and laudanum,
wear
warm
80
TILL
THE
DOCTOR
COMES.
and soap liniment,
equalpartsof camphoratedspirit
oil and spirits
of turpentine,
sweet
with an ointor
ment
or
made of a teaspoonful
of dry mustard and an ounce
of lard. Any of these are good, but if the skin be broken
do not use them, but dress them justlike a sore af
ter a burn,or with the old-fashioned but excellent application
or
of chalk
and
tallow ; but it is not safe to use the
makmuch
used in ing
as chemicals are
so
grease of candles,
them, but take a littlemutton
tallow,melt it and
while
mix it with
warm
for
Either of
use.
ness
whitingtill it is a proper thickthese will givealmost immediate
relief.
BATHS,
Among
words
about
ETC.
BATHING,
these miscellaneous
and
hints I may
say a
Cleanliness not
few
only
helpsthe doctor,but would often prevent the necessity
of sendingfor him.
Cleanliness is next to godliness"
is a very old saying. To speakof a dirtyChristian seems
contradiction. It is better for the body,better for the
a
soul,and better for those around us, to be clean. I do
of what a
not mean
to find fault with the small particles
works amongst which clings
man
to him, such as coal to
the collier,
That is not dirt,
to the smith.
or iron-f"lings
but merelythe liveryof his trade. If you reside in a
largetown you can have a bath for a trifle; but if not,
have a good scrub down
whenever
or a swim
you have
BATHS
BATHING.
"
the chance.
COLD
meal,nor
BATHING
when
you
advice when
to
Always
or
shiver,
wet
should
are
wet
not
be
with
you are ill. As
the nails turn
the head
the feet get cold.
bathing tillit is warm.
after a
directly
out
withnor
perspiration,
used
soon
as
the bather
gins
be-
blue,it is time to stop.
before
as
or as quickly
first,
possible
In every
case
rub the skin after
82
TILL
THE
y^
COMES.
DOCTOR
and you may cause
a chillwhich
ly sensitive,
may have a
utes.
for a few minbad effect;
better wait in another room
is no
There
complaintwhich requiresso much
A person in health can form no idea
as this.
gentleness
There is not onlyrackingpainin every
of the suffering.
but a dread of being touched,or of the slightest
joint,
breath of air. Even
when
within three
not
or
four feet
he will cry out to you not to tread upon
patient,
down
him.
The bangingof a door, shutting
a window
violently,
lettinganythingfall,all sudden noises must
be carefully
guardedagainst.
from
of a patient
In CHANGING
DRESS
THE
suffering
rheumatism,or any sore on the arms or upper part of the
body,there is often great and unnecessary distresscaused
by gettingthe arms in and out of the sleeves of the shirt
fitted closely
to
when
a chemise,
or even
or
night-dress,
to continue long,it
the chest. If the nursingbe likely
and attendant,
to the comfort of both patient
adds very greatly
of the
"
ment,
open the sleeves and one side of the garis
done
of tape, justas
and put on small strings
is broken,
with the sleeves of a man's coat when an arm
to cut
long sleeve the
wristband may be leftuncut, and the garment not opened
be determined by the
lower than the waist,but this must
of extreme
In cases
of the case.
debility,
requirements
for a
to be raised even
where it is not safe for the patient
moment, all risk and inconvenience may be avoided by
cuttingopen both the dress which is in wear, and the
to it justas is done
the patient
on
frosh one, and lifting
in changingthe bed-clothes. This plan does not destroy
the clothes in any way, it is merelythe seams
or
injure
and they can be sewn
to be ripped,
which require
again
for ordinary
use.
ficult
how difused knows
Any one who has seen LEECHES
it is sometimes to get them to bite readily
; and the
but
nearer
together.Generallywith
a
USEFUL
old
83
HINTS.
tell you how
they seemed to be possessed
with a spirit
of contradiction.
They will either refuse to
bite at all,
will fasten anywhere but on the desired spot.
or
All sorts of instructions are
givenin books,but most of
them are useless. A leech partakesto some
of
extent
the nature
of a fish,
that is,
it lives in water ; and therefore,
instead of holdingthem
in a warm
hand or a .dry
First wash the placeperfectly
towel,act in this way:
and fillit
clean,then put your leeches into a wineglass,
with water ; put a pieceof paper over
it,turn the glass
upsidedown on to the placewhere you want them to fix,
nurses
can
"
and
draw
the paper away ; you will find now
that the
leeches being in their native element,are cool and comfortable,
will settle instantly,
therebysavinga great
of vexation and loss of time. As soon
as
they
and
amount
have
taken
hold,placea
up the water, and
exactlywhere you
towel
round
the
glassto
soak
it. In this way you get them
uted
wish,either all on one spot or distrib-
remove
largerspace, by pittingon only one or two
If you require
at a time.
one
on
a
spot,
very particular
for instance,
close to the eye, and have not a proper leechglass,
put its tail first into a small narrow
phialfilled
with water.
Where
they have to be used inside the
mouth, nostrils,
etc.,it is better to pass a needleful of
thread through the tail to hold by ; it will not prevent
them biting
should be swallowed,drink a little
; and if one
salt and water, which is poisonous
Leeches
to them.
but with a littlecare theyneed not
are
alwaysexpensive,
be destroyed.When
to
they come off do not dip them insalt ; put them into a largejarof water, with an inch
of turf or garden soil; change the water
or two
every
for
first
the
then
week
will
be sufficient;
once
a
week,
day
in this way they will clear themselves and recover.
Any
dead ones must be removed, or they will spoil
the water
and destroy
the others.
over
a
g4
THE
TILL
There
is
Never
LIMB.
in
secret
a
DOCTOR
COMES.
HANDLING
on
BROKEN
pointsof the fingersas
in fear
keep your patient
firm grasp, let the
the palm of your hand, and support it with
and fingers.All shaking,
nervous
handling
a
your thumb
of a limb is misery to the sufferer. In the
being broken,it
the other above
and many
SORE
OR
take hold with the
if you were
afraid of it,and
lest you should let it fall. Take
limb rest
A
other
case
of bcnes
placeone hand belo-w and
the fracture to keep it level. For these
what surgeons call a
cases
you require
cradle to supportthe weightof the bedclothes.
make
can
Any handy man
with two straight
one
piecesof wood,
is better
to
hoops off a flour barrel.
to SORE
THROAT, and
very subject
and two
three
or
peopleare
is sufficientto
cause
a slight
where it has once
happened,
it frequently
and if neglected
runs
on
bring it on again,
Some
to
ulceration.You
if at the
always check this,
you applya wet bandage in this way :
may
very commencement
of linen
Take a piece
or
almost
calico the breadth of four
fingers
long,dip this into cold water, then
with
squeeze it gentlyand applyit round the neck,cover
and let it
of flannel or a woollen stocking,
a fold or two
and three
or
four feet
gargleyou will find the
Put into a jug a handful of dry
of salt,
four tablespoontablespoonfuls
Sage leaves,two
of cayenne pepper ;
fuls of vinegar,and one teaspoonful
up close,
pour upon these a pintof boilingwater, cover
and after standinghalf an hour, pour clear off through
kept on all night. And
following
very valuable :"
be
a
bit of muslin into
I wish
now
to
a
draw
for
a
bottle.
the attention of all who
are
ing
try-
help the doctor,to the subjectof the FIRST
after serious illness. This is a far more
WALK
ant
importthan it appears to be. It would be quitesafe
matter
out of every hundred it IB
to say, that in ninetycases
how
to
HINTS.
USEFUL
"
85
instead of better
made
and the patient
worse
overdone,
that there is no thoughtof the
for the very simplereason
of coming back again. The usual planis for the
fatigue
patientto walk away from the house tillhe feels tired,
hausted.
then turn towards home, where he arrives faint and exken
this simpletruth: every step taNever forget
does injury.Therefore,
by an invalid after he isfatigued
for the first walk,
when you are out with a patient
instead of sayingto him,"Do you feel tired now?" say,
tired will you
again?"
"
How
be when
you
done
have
this
over
bed,a
shawl is very inconvenient. The ends dip into the food,
to
the patientby getting
on
and are constantly
irritating
the bit of work goingon.
Then,again,it must be either
round the body as to confine the arms,
fastened so tightly
or if they are
used,it must be raised so that both they
I would strongly
and the chest are exposed. Instead of this,
When
a
well to
patientis sufficiently
sit up
in
article I have for many
years used amono-st
made very loose
that is a flannel jacket,
patients,
my own
and to button from the neck
about the shoulders and arms
recommend
down
an
the front and at the wrists. The
should be lined with silk or
as
not to chafe the skin.
neck
bands
wrist-
other soft material
Let there be two
so
good pockets,
for the handkerchief and the other for the
one
and
spectac
and other small thingswhich
pencil,
thimble,
eye-glass,
of the year, the
are
alwaysgoing astray. The season
will guideyou as
kind of room, and nature of the illness,
to quality.This is
as
to the warmth, and your
means
long dressingquitea distinct thingfrom the common
gown
If you
person is out of bed.
it should be well washed with hot
flannel,
used- when
quitenew
a
a week
Scarcely
a
ter
wa-
up, or the smell may bo
person confined to bed.
lifebeinglost by
passes without some
and soap before
very offensiveto
use
beingmade
86
COMES.
DOCTOR
THE
TILL
given or an improper
disinfecting
dose,or some liniment,lotion,or poisonous
in every case
And
instead of medicine.
therefore,
fluid,
where you undertake to helpthe doctor,see that the laand that you
bles on the bottles are distinctly
written,
having either
MEDICINE
WRONG
It is
any doubt which is to be swallowed.
too late after an accident to say you did not understand.
the helpercannot read,let her learn by
If,unfortunately,
without
know
the smell which
is the
and keep it separate
rubbingbottle,
ness
If any medicines be left when an illples
simis over, let them be destroyed.I do not mean
but powders,mixtures,
such as you make yourselves,
from the medicine.
It is quite
thingssent from the apothecary's.
I once
but not in these matters.
rightto be economical,
knew
a
lady of a savingturn of mind who used to say,
and if it does good to one, why not to
Pkysicis physic,
and other
"
any fresh
the old stock
another ?" and when
case
of sickness occurred
ing
beingused up before buypointout to you the folly
scarcely
it being
of such conduct.
Supposingyou could ensure
good,which you cannot do,for even exposure to light
ular
will alter some
drugs; you could not tell ifin any particinsistupon
I need
any more.
would
"
it would
case
off and you
commit
may
be
suitable ;
merelyguess
a
if the label be rubbed
quantityto
serious mistake.
Let
be
given,
you
all bottles which
emptiedand both them
and a
with hot water
carefully
have contained mixtures
the corks washed
at the
or
be
soap, then dried and put away
ought you
Particularly
to
for future
and
little
use.
be cautious not
to
leave
ing
trust to their beof children ; and never
No one
taste.
safe because of having a disagreeable
would suppose there was
anythingtemptingin the flavor
lucifer match, and yet we have had several
of a common
them
in the way
cases
of
Only a
by
poisoning
few
suckingthe ends
this was
written,a boy
children
days before
of them.
who
had
87
'
HINTS.
USEFUL
"=
physic,
administering
her a teasisterby giving
his mother
watched
frequently
caused the death of his younger
and another has lost his
cupful of turpentine,
own
life
rection
out the diacid. When
following
l"ydrinkingsulphuric
in what you may
be particular
even
of the doctor,
cause
consider littlethings little only to you, remember, beFor instance,
for them.
you do not see the reason
he will direct you when
powders to mix
givingsome
"
with sugar and not with preserve, because he knows
that the acid in preserve would
destroythe medicine.
In another case he will direct you to keep from your patient
them
all bread,and almost
to
"
feed him
almost
think this very
and
complaint,
every
on
entirely
unnatural
"
of vegetable
description
animal food.
You
will
but so is the
true, it is so
unnatural diet;and in this
"
requiresan
the chance of recovery depends not
disease,
particular
faithfulness with regardto diet in
upon drugs,but on the
of how
is entrusted the important
question
those to whom
to
helpthe
doctor.
CAUTIONS
ERRORS.
COMMON
AGAINST
people
error
amongst ignorant
very common
is to suppose that allmedicine oughtto act as a purgative,
that is,to open the bowels ; indeed,they cannot believe
I remember
to do any good if it does not do so.
that it is likely
chest complaint.
with a severe
once
seeinga patient
I find
a
The
you
her
seen
before,remarked
was
ordered have
I mention
a
had
"
er,
Indeed !" said her mothvery much better.
for the pills
I don't see what could make her better,
that she
"
who
doctor,
done
nothing."
this for two
reasons
in many
cases
chance of recovery ;
mistake,for
:
that
first,
it would
this is quite
take away
to
and, secondly,
the patient's
warn
habit many
and injurious
the foolish,
expensive,
against
you
pco-
88
TILL
THE
COMES.
DOCTOR
of aperient
and other
pills
piehave of takingquantities
of lives lost
of the number
drugs. Few of you are aware
by strong,hurtful medicines. I have myselfseen a man
whose history
die,after beinga few hours in the hospital,
is worth recording.He told us, that when he firstfeltill,
of some
which were
wonderful pills,
he read a description
for him ; he took at firstonlytwo at a
to do great things
ing
time,but soon found that he was obligedto continue takthe number,till,
when
them,and constantly
increasing
sixteen pills
dose was
I saw him, his regular
every second
the abuse
night. By that time nature could stand against
and he died.
no
longer,
Some years ago I met with an educated lady,who
and as she expressed
recommended
some
pills
very highly,
it (and therebylet out the secret),
Indeed,I could not
live without them : I have used them for a longtime,and
twice a week regularly
!" If you read
take forty-two
now
of the advertisements of these wonderful
some
carefully
see that theycannot
quack medicines,
possibly
you must
be true.
Accordingto them all diseases arise from one
cause, and if you only take their medicine you will soon
"
be in
perfecthealth
and
ill,
where
doctor
be
some
never
; in other
words, you
In
die but of old age.
the inhabitants
some
need
never
be
countries
new
and no
very widelyscattered,
be found within a day'sjourney,
there may
can
for buying what are called patent medicines,
excuse
are
'
in any part of the country where
be had.
easily
but not
may
In the
same
way, never
his wonderful
to publish
consult
a
skilland
doctor who
cures
in
vice
good adis obliged
a
newspaper.
doctor be clever and understands his
Depend upon it,if a
as he ought to do, peoplewill find it out
profession
advertisement.
any newspaper
It is astonishing
how
careless some
medicines.
dangerous
I
was
once
peopleare
called in to
out
with-
in taking
a
gen-
90
TILL
Do
THE
DOCTOR
COMES.
more
obligedto
forgetthat you are infinitely
for leaving
the doctor for spendingyears of toil and study,
himself and family
his home at all hours,and exposing
Even
than he can be to you.
to the danger of infection,
to pay him in
though you should not be in a position
money, yet you can cheer him on his way by showinghim
a thankful,
spirit.
grateful
will
of a man
"We are told in the Bible that
the spirit
be careful,
sustain his infirmity;"
then,to do all in your
be
be hopeful,
: be cheerful,
power to keep up that spirit
for in most
trustful. Let your motto be, Never despair,"
while there is lifethere is hope. Give the patient
cases
out all the
of recovering
by following
every opportunity
not onlyby doing and giving,
directions of the doctor,
but what is far more
ing,
difficult,
by not doing and not givbut each in its proper place.
not
"
"
HOW
A
babe
in
TO
a
HELP
house is a
WITH
AN
INFANT.
of pleasure,
senger
a meswell-spring
of peace and love. The
inches
about with his head some
young
husband
walks
higherthan usual,and
title of
proud and big with his newly-acquired
feeling
throughher tears with
father. The young wife is smiling
a mother.
the joy of havingbecome
Baby has arrived,
exactlylike its mother,and the very image of its father,
sound wind
It'sa bonny littlething,
and the doctor says
and limb,"and he hopes it will be a comfort to them.
of
the most
what are we to do with it,
Now
helpless
is done with it every day ?
all young creatures ? What
isrubbed on its head,
First it is washed, then some
spirits
flannel are put on, and
one
or two
caps, and perhapssome
ing
it is dressed.
Then, of course, it must begkilife by takeither castor oil and sugar, or
sort of physic,
some
butter and sugar made into a thick paste; shortlyafter
"
91
DRESSING.
this it is laid
its back,and
on
its throat,
and it is put to bed
a
rest
is very
but
that
beginsto cry, and it is so uneasy
there
or
to be givento make it sleep,
somethinghas
no
:
it
littlewhile
be
gruelis poured down
alas ! not to sleep. In
some
either for itselfor
others.
If it has
has not
crammed, and unfortunately
and
to have
a convulsive
fit,
likely
been
will
ciently
suffi-
been
sick,it
after
a
hard
day'swork the doctor will be roused out of bed to find it
with nature, or
suffering
miseryfrom all this interfering
of infants have
to find it already
gone where thousands
been sent before it. Now
all this is an
abomination
:
itis
whit
it one
and it does not make
and cruelty,
ignorance
less so for the helperto say she did it out of kindness : it
is inflicting
painupon both mother and child when there
occasion for it.
is no
Now
let
watched
over
littleones.
no
has
old
an
who
physician,
hundreds
Let
me
loves children and has
plead for these helpless
few plain
truths. There is
of them,
tell you
a
any other medicine needed for an infant that
mother to suckle it. The firstsupplyof milk is purgative,
oil nor
a
afterwards.
quitedifferent from what comes
No infant requires
hours ; no infood the firsttwenty-four
ence,
infant ever
died for want of food the firstday of itsexistAnd
I
but hundreds have died from over-feeding.
need not say giveno spirit
or
mixture,for ifyou
soothing
do not abuse its stomach,but have faith and leave it to
nature, you will not require
any.
As to the dressing,
there is almost always sufficient
notice for you to prepare the things,
and with very little
a few tapes and a needleful of cotton, you
trouble,
may
do away with the dangerouspractice
of usingpins. You
think this caution not required,
but if you
will,perhaps,
had seen as many torn limbs and deep scratches in an infant
would
think so.
as I have,you
not
Only this last
and
month
there
was
an
instance of
a
child who
was
very rest"
92
COMES.
DOCTOR
THE
TILL
uneasy, and who would, if a littleolder,havo
for beingcross, and on careful
scolded and punished
less and
been
examination
a
needle
broken
would
which
found in its side,
been turned aside
not
month.
Wash
No.
by
a
than
more
have
an
inch
long was
through had it
gone
rib,and there it had lain for
the little stranger with
and soap, and dry the skin well,use no
with strings
the clothes on not too tightly
or
water
of cotton.
a
lukewarm
fasten
spirit,
a
needleful
It isbetter not to have any cap, for the border
is very apt to tickle and rub the face ; but if you must have
Give it nothing;
let itbe as thin and light
as possible.
one
,
or
if you cannot
resistthe
let it have
temptation,
ally
occasion-
of milk and warm
not too sweet,
water
teaspoonful
tillthe proper supply comes
butter,no
; but no oil,no
of any kind, but with its body
mess
no
no
gruel,
spirit,
clean and its tiny breath sweet
and pure, lay it in its
for
nest,the placewhich God has appointed
proper warm
will have a calm, quiet
mother,and nurse
it,and child,
such as all the drugs in the world cannot give,but
sleep,
if you will exercise
which you may almost always enjoy,
how to help
when you are trying
sense
common
good plain
a
the doctor.
It is quitepossible
that
if it be what
the
as
nurses
the infant grows, particularly
"
call a hungry child,"it
food,for if it drains off the
may requirea littleartificial
that
nourishment
from its mother's breast so constantly
the milk has not
time to be
properlyformed,it
becomes
The consequence is that itpasses almost
isfied.
satthroughthe stomach,and the child is never
directly
thin and watery.
very hard upon the mother.
it is better to helpboth mother and child.
This
case
In this
I do not
thingso good for this purpose as biscuit powder,
you can get readygroundat the flour dealer's,
if not, all you have to do is to get a good sound common
know
or
comes
any
which
biscuit without
any butter
or
flavor of any kind.
If
CRADLE.
93
biscuit is
seaport town, the captain's
actly
ex-
BOOKING
near
are
you
what
it in water
a
THE
Rub a bit of this fine and simmer
you want.
tillquitesmooth,than add milk till it is the
a little. If you
good cream, and sweeten
of this justbefore he takes
givetwo or three teaspoonfuls
his natural food,it will giveit sufficientbody to be satisfying,
I preferthis to almost
and do the child no harm.
any artificialfood, and have used it for thirtyyears ;
but for a change,
bread,sago, arrowroot,and other things
thickness
of
consequence
may be substituted. It is not of so much
which you use as how you use them, only be guided by
this fact that a child'snatural food is milk,and if you
"
giveanythingmuch
thicker than
this,you
will do harm.
It is a mistake to suppose that every time a child cries
itis hungry. The onlyway an infant can ask for anything
crying. It may have painin its limbs from being
from a hard
or
cramped up too long in one position,
crumb, or a pin,or from illness; but as yet it has no
say it wants
power to use words ; it can only,by crying,
and it is the duty of those about it to find out
something,
is by
what.
Now
allow
me
to say
a
few words
about habits.
No
actually
proved it has any idea how very
earlyin lifean infant can be taught a habit,particularly
of trouble and regularattendance
amount
cleanliness,
by a slight
every day. If any young wife should read this,
of those imposlet me
her that this is not one
assure
sible
thingsthat are all very well in books,but no one
thinks of doing." Let her only try it,and she will
ever
be convinced. I have seen infants only a few months
soon
trouble than a child three years
old,who gave no more
assistance.
ild,except, of course, requiring
About
rocking the cradle. It is foolish to teach a
one
who
has
"
ehild to expect you to work at the cradle when it goes to
time,and does the child no good. The
Bleep; it occupies
94:
TILL
habit is
next
compel you
and
asleep,
which
THE
DOCTOR
COMES.
teachingthe child to
worse, that is,
about with it tillit chooses to fall
to walk
even
then to put it to bed without awakeningit,
ceeding,
you may try to do five or six times without sucand each time have to beginyour walk again.
Begin as
you intend to go
if nature
it,sleepwill
requires
on.
Lay
it down
awake, and
and if not, no ing
rockwill force it ; but this must
be taughtfrom the very
beginning.A healthyinfant ought to sleeptwenty hours
come,
of the
twenty-four,
duringits first month, which it
will do without any rocking,
and it is a great pityfor you
to teach it anythingdifferent.
Never give an infant cold castor oil,it is too thick
and sticky
of milk into a
; put it with an equalquantity
out
littlesugar, and warm
it; it will then be
out
quitefluid ; stir it well,and the child will take it withWhen
a child is cutting
difficulty.
teeth,there is
teacup,add
a
feverishness and irritation. If the bowels
always some
be a littlerelaxed,
do not be in any hurry to interfere ;
but if this requires
to be checked,do not flyto soothing
or laudanum
paregoric,
syrup, infants' preservatives,
; they
are
ed
nearlyall dangerous one drop of laudanum has killinfant. Try the following
an
and
simpleremedy first,
if it does not answer, consult a doctor: Take a large
of fine flour,
tie it up as tightly
as
teacupful
you can in a
cloth,and boil it for four hours ; then hang it up in a
tillitis dry. You will find now
warm
room
that the outside
is quitehard,like the shell of a cocoanut
; break some
and scrape out from the inside as much
of this oft*,
as you
require
; boil this in niilk tillit is the thickness of cream,
and feed the child with it for a day or two.
a little,
sweeten
When
the teeth are coming throughthe gums, do not
givethe child any hard substance to chew, such as coral
or
ivory,which breaks the enamel off the pointsand
makes them decay; the best thingis india-rubber,
which
"
AND
THRUSH
can
you
get
usingit the
it over
a
with
at the
or
druggists'
firsttime wash
g*eat comfort
lubber
shops;before
water, and rub
it Avith warm
sugar ; you will find this
and it is perfectly
safe. A
to the child,
littlemolasses
a
95
KASH.
TOOTH
or
child may not need animal food tillit has teeth to chew
is essential
it with,but duringthe second summer
meat
and should be given in preference
to the
welfare,
starchythingsso much in vogue.
A very frequentcomplaint
of infants is the THRUSH
"
or
frog." The mouth is lined with white spots,exactly
like fine curds of milk ; and though in this stage it may
not do the child much
harm, it must not be allowed to
The usual remedy isborax and honey. A much
run
on.
and loaf
is equal parts of borax, saltpetre,
better one
; a small pinch put into the
sugar, rubbed well together
three times a day. Keep itin a dry place.
child's mouth
to
its
Or you may dissolve a quarter of an
potashin two thirds of a tumbler of
it as
a
A
mouth
ounce
of chlorate of
warm
water
and
wash.
also to
child is duringteething
subject
an
eruption
call TOOTH
of small red spots,which the nurses
RASH.
few doses of calcined magnesia will generally
set
right. When
use
the gums
A
this
swollen,very red,and painful,
doctor see them ; they may
quire
re-
are
you should let your
There
to be lanced.
is not
the
doubt
slightest
that
this is done in proper cases
and at the proper time,
it will save
of suffering,
and
a child from days and nights
when
from
convulsions ",but
great comfort
simplyrubbing the gums
least morsel of butter,
and
If convulsions
feet into hot mustard
givea
be
given by
gentlywith a fingerand the
cine.
givinga dose of coolingmedi-
should
occur,
can
put the littleone's
tillthe skin is quitered ;
dose of purgative
medicine ; apply cold water
to
and water
the head ; and send for your doctor.
Never frighten
a child by mentioningthe doctor
in
96
any
TILL
COMES.
DOCTOR
would
punishment;one
a
as
way
THE
reflection would
convince
follyof doing this.
How
think that
any person
a
of the
ment's
motreme
ex-
find out
physician
the true state of a child's pulse,or breathing,
the
or
when the poor littlethingis tremblingwith
countenance
fear ? I was
about four years
once
a littlegirl
attending
of age, and as usual we got on very well together; but
after some
to me, but was
days the child would not come
and agitated
that I could do no good. On
so
nervous
had told her
I found that her mother
making inquiry,
that if she did not do as she bid her,the doctor would
come
"
and
her
cut her
off."
head
mother, and
own
a
can
Of
the child believed
course
therefore
wonder
no
she
After a while I succeeded
looked upon me with horror.
to see
confidence.
I told her I would come
in restoring
her when
she
was
fever,when others
forsake her,and so
ill,
nay,
could not
on.
discovered that her mother
if she had
even
to
come
some
her,I
dreadful
would
never
she was, she very soon
had told her an untruth. Now,
Young
as
holdingup the doctor as a bugbear to terrify
on a visitof
a child,
try to impressupon it that he comes
and the doctor
mercy, then it will be calm and trustful,
his patientto
will have a better chance of restoring
instead of
health.
It is dreadful to hear of the abominable
cruelty
practiced
stupidignorance
children by the
helpless
often do they get a blow or get
of some
parents. How
punishedwhen they ought to have medicine and careful
nursing! I say nothinghere of the numbers of innocents
their
overlain and otherwise killed by drunken mothers
and want of common
is legion but from stupidity
name
thought. Look at this case, which has justbeen published
A boy is taken into a yard naked,
in the newspapers.
and buckets of cold water
poured over him ; is beaten
allowed a bed to lie
every day,kept without food,not
on
poor
"
"
98
TILL
THE
DOCTOR
COMES.
early. Because one child walks at a certain age, it ia no
reason
why another should; it must depend upon the
the
strengthand fitness of the child to do it. When
bones and muscles are sufficiently
strong,the child will
start of its
own
accord ; and if you force it before this
great risk of havingthe limbs bent. It is
time,you run
perhapsas well
for you to know that there is a disease in
the bones remain soft,
and bend under the weight
which
of
a
for years.
child,
Mothers frequently
suffer a good
child havingswallowed a marble or
a
seldom
there
givethe
food
deal of
anxietyfrom
coin / but it is very
any bad effects. The best plan is to
littlemore
solid than usual,
and no purgative
are
a
medicine.
It is very surprising
how
sharp-pointed
articles are
swallowed
and find their way
not
only
through the stomach,but throughthe substance of the
body
tillthey reach the surface.
from- the
arm
of
a
young
I have
woman,
removed
who
a
swallowed
dle
nee-
it
years before.
seven
Do
apply a blisterto a child without advice,and
it at the
if ordered by a doctor,be particular
to remove
it may cause
serious trouble.
proper time ; if left too long,
Bear in mind that the effect of a flyblister goes on long
after it is taken off. If you are obliged
to use
anything
of the sort,mustard is safer and quicker.
It sometimes
happens when people,but particularly
serious disease,
illof some
when it is at the
are
children,
odd
what is called at the turn,"theytake some
or
crisis,
articles
fancyin the way of food ; they will ask for some
quiteout of the common
way, perhapssomethingwhich
they have ever tasted. In these cases
you are not aware
I have alwaysfound it better to let a child have it,even
I look upon it as a craving
trouble and expense.
at some
of nature,for they not onlyenjoyit,but live upon it for
work for
days; then when it has done the particular
not
"
USEFUL
which
it
will not
intended,the child takes
it again. There
two
are
was
touch
here
first,this
"
fanciful
appetite
different
things
them
is
who
One
of the
great faith
most
skilful
pure,
cold, fresh
and
person
death,"
no
fear of
to
and
are
amuse
some
death, but
not
too
them
paper
"
to
weak
a
cut
pet bird
few
up,
dread
to
bear
a
cheer
chance
of recovery.
he
small
I
water.
which
the
much
so
be
some
limit.
as
cial
espe-
It should
large quantity and
flat,but renewed
stantly.
conbetween
has
a
a
to
up
grown-
of the
a
pain.
should
do
When
all
pencil,or
will occupy
the
child
we
of scissors
animal, let it come
little one
ter
af-
treatment,
any
life ; whereas
it,we
dread
natural
dread
of present
which
suit
may
if he approves
doll, a slate and
occasionally anything
the spirits,
and give the
"
tor
doc-
toys, pictures,a pair
room
any
a
submit
a
be
or
in
preserve
there
a
no
far greater
therefore
has
be
adult
an
it to the
nothing
difference
a
cases
will
and
room
"
of
is for
there
and
painful,if likelyto
children
can
should
is this
one
is relished
unless
great
one
child
is
warm
in many
death, and
however
has
a
There
which
sick
the
that
invalid
and
water;
till it becomes
Remember
'
make
can
into
brought
left there
of
water.
against it,there
reason
be
in
an
of
the
dozen
a
not
that
so
served
ob-
with
and
mention
to
child,
the
over
cravings
nurse
well
day,
be
to
where
stomach,
it,and
to
cautions
particulararticle taken,
to the
have
not
second, it is
dislike
a
confounded
for in the
asked
are
be
not
must
disordered
a
watching
his treatment
of it.
of
; and
eaten
99
HINTS.
best
if
in the
the
mind,
possible
Putnam's
XII.
The
"
Home:
Containing
WHERE
by
needed
c"
'*"
"
Nurses.
volume
A
Binghatnton
be
50
...
all
housekeepers may
Children.
and
edited
in the
.
hands
of
FOSTKR,
suggestionsfor
and
pages, cloth
"
Y.
N.
XVI.
of
ers
Moth-
.
land.""
the
in
mother
the sick and
cloth
I2mo,
Mothers, Nurses, Hospitals,
the young.
By EDWARD
For
Thermometry.
have chargeof
Diet.
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75
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boards
How
of
"
to
"
50
..........
An
are
make
I low
admirable
and
in their
Yourself."
i2mo,
entertaining." N.
Y.
"
little treatise,full of
admirable
comprehensiveness."
simplicityand
By GEORGE
Living.
a
Educate
to
sound
Shrewd,
"
A.
By
Dr. Jacobi'srules
Tribune.
"
GARY
boards
EGGLESTON,
thor
au-
50
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Tribune.
sound, practical advice."
"
Christian
Union,
of Nursing.
Manual
XVII.
Prepared under the instructions
York
New
WHITE,
Training School for Nurses, by VICTORIA
Boards
PUTNAM
and revised by MARY
JACOBI, M.D.
of
"
.
"
the
Better
adapted
physician than
any
to
work
The
Blessed
XVIII.
the author's success
"
"
We
commend
Bee-keeping by
Richmond
modern
render the nurse
have seen."
we
Bees.
in
efficient cooperator
faithful and
Home
M.D.,
75
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with
Journal.
and
of practicalBee-keeping,
Boards
75
By JOHN ALLEN.
account
same.
*
Allen's book.
Mr.
methods
depends not
scarcelylooked up from
pages."" Prof. A. T. COOK,
G.
An
the
a
"
the
*
It is based
*
luck,
upon
but
on
the
diction
that
knowledge."
upon
"
Despatch.
"
'
.100
.
every
J. B.
M.D.
Prof.
By
F. P.
by
JACOBI, M.D., Clinical Professor of Diseases
York.
of Children, Collegeof Physiciansand Surgeons,New
Revised,
PUTNAM
JACOBI, M.D.
enlargedand adapted to popularuse by MARY
Infant
I2mo,
"
Sick
practicaladvice
244
should
which
SEGUIN, M.D.
"
IT.
nal
inter-
Journal.
with
most
.
especiallybenefited,and
Translated
I2ino,
all who
etc., and
XV.
IN
and
Herald.
Manual
"
Work
M.D.
full of the
volume
and
XIV.
be
Albany
Mother's
FONSSAGRIVES,
pages, boards
182
I2mo,
this book.""
from
The
XIII."
A
a
and
Young housekeepers will
much
learn
PUT
TO
its furniture
price listsof nearly everycarefully-prepared
thing
valuable suggestionsfor
and
numerous
housekeeper,
siorKTON (of
R.
By FRANK
gaining comfort.
Monthly).
~rs
"
WHAT
AND
Home,
a
with
arrangements,
saving money
BK,
Simi'in
IT
for the selection of
hints
Strips.
Handy-Book
I
P. PUTNAM'S
the volume
in American
SONS,
before
Bee
I had
nating
all its fasci-
scanned
Journal, 1878, p.
422.
NEW
YORK.
J"-ndHow
'^omes,
uli
low
Ediv
to
Ate
i"ursolf.
t
,,/, what
to
b
s,
of
crises
"i:
ace;
Phv^iciaiC
York
"
illness.
~uddi-n
a'v,
completeguidefor Student:., showing
A
study,and
and what
how
It is.
read.
to
5O cts.
*jl pp., boards,
"
good.'
for
ablygood and
Make
to
How
"
"Shrewd,
"'
admirnbL'
An
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of
Author
EGGLESTON.
GARY
GEO.
By
Jou;.-at.
TV. Y. School
5'
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A". Y. Ttibunc.
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and
"
!1lf acdtlsr,*'.illof sound
'
is untell-
this book, which
Y-JU'-seif." i6mo, boards,
EcU.catt
-oiir.r.
\r. Y.
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a
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about
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unqualified
\Ven-.ite with
;-
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EGGLESTON.
By GEO. GARY
Schoolmaster."
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al'
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!';
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Addiiu,'
M, with
'"). Kevi-
.
Series,
handy-Book
n's
advice."
practical
Chi-
"
it."
(ffiiffH',
Manual
A
of Etlqv
).
Should
JACOBI. M.D.
5" cts-
admirable in their
Nursing.
an-1 comprenensivesimplicity
the in:tractions ";' i
Preparedunder
i6mo, boani^,
ivvi?ed
and
Training-Schoolfor Nurses,
he in every
household."
Bees.
auth ..'- xi;
-s
"
An
ra
account
ilif sa-i.-.
Tx-\v
"e
Pi
.'.iARV
:"/'
l'
"
"
"
by
.
.
judicious,i"ievery respect admirab'y.''Ckn
Blessed
Revised
York.
r.'.bune.
IACO;..',M.D.
Clear
of
Diseases
....;...
".;!esare
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r ,ial of
'-..rk
sects
of
Clinical Professor
dren,
la ,ohi
'
"
vol., i6mo. boards,
One
-.TGHT.
breeding,
Politeness, Good
of
I'iftts,
and Surgeons, New
Collegeof Physicians
PUTNAM
J, nnd adaptedto popularuse-byMARY
;argtr
:
borvds,
L.:.IIK",
"
V\'^'
By A. JACom, M.D.,
Diet.
"
*
Lte.
'iy l;.vi.s"r P^. L,
etc.
ifant
-
-iiu,."\.
,.
Watchnirn.
of
and
Bee-keepiu;.,.practic-il
P"y().
C.-'Tf..
ionic,
b.fnru.-.,
,
^'j
s'f
ii-Sidf i"f
Liiicr'.
ihe
"ts,