1. business and industrial
2. chemicals industry
3. dyes and pigments

1
"^^
0^
"^.K^j-
^
BY
COPYRIGHT
JCIIN
W.
MASURY,
1881.
^^
\
\
PEEFACE
The
of
use
of
portions
of
use
sheltering
chemical
is
it is to
of
Confucius
to
gratify
that
the
should
or
a
who
is
his
and
what
employer
will
of
given expenditure
uses
certain
which
can
be
taken
should
painted,
is to
are
as
procure,
well
or
as
the
or
may
to
heart
those
recoramend,
Nor,
is
both
shall
about
and
the
except
paint
of
coats
know
and
necessary
animal,
into
the
materials
what
best
ments
pig-
that
importance
results
with
money.
pertaining
paints
to
be
easily
learned
by
all
who
have
whose
or
it
converted
are
prime
little
as
doctrines
the
whereby
processes
bring
time
of
successive
of
axioms
by
known
substances
matter
a
processes
There
with
the
special calling
knowledge,
the
applies
vegetable
it
for
Of
paints
these
is the
as
mythology.
thirst
acquainted
and
is
as
same,
satisfy a
of
whose
Scandinavian
of
painter
; but
painter
the
apply
those
^by
ized
civil-
more
dwellings.
composition
"
or
be
mineral,
and
and
and
common
as
windowed
and
rule
a
as
"
trade
roofs
properties
known
is almost
country
our
older
the
i)aints throughout
business
apply
the
;
and
and
houses
or
their
which
to
occupation
paint.
be
it
PREFACE.
4
task
The
presentingthis matter,
of
teachingswithin
the
difficulties.
serious
comprehension
To
help
the
difficulties of which
have
to the
be
however,
not,
To
the
the
word,
learned
make
we
ourselves
scientific terms, which
people,of
whatever
to the scholar
his
mind
chlorine
a
the word
wonderful
to
To
the
salt "
has
this
and
other
Its
the
fit to
Greek"
^^
the
cated,
eduof
use
We
To
of
from
mands
com-
the unlearned
suggests
substances.
call to
he
its
preservationof
chemical
speak
he knows
uses
science.
the
elementary
to
condensation
than
significance
and
nifica
sig-
sought
the words
composition,because
simple word
compounds, resultingfrom
gases
base.
by
kindred.
and
other
flat
ideas to all learned
same
combination
chemical
no
a
Addressing the
; and
Its
or
such
no
is
initiated,
of sodium
culinarypurposes
learned
the
the
its metallic
language of
''
of
all most
of
one
nation, or tribe,or
every-day experience.
the
different
modes
idea
understood
to be
convey
of chloride
gas with
the
alike.
unlearned
and
the
ignorant painter-by-trade,
most
simple to
so
flat has
se, convey
per
those
shiny surface.
glossy or
a
questionis the
in
the word
This
be used.
to
will
impressed.
the
of
various
the
this word
reader
average
and
to
task
a
meaning,
we
house-jDainting,
speak
in contradistinction
surface
belonging,is
plain our
produced by
in
common
with
beset
subject without
Speaking
:
its
bring
appreciatedonly by
make
is offered
superficial
appearances
Now,
To
attempted it.
following example
processes
be
can
all, is
of
thereto
to
as
technical
a
technicalities
of the
the
who
treat
so
ten
tion
applicaviands.
thousand
combination
Addressing
of
an
PREFACE.
audience
what
mixed
so
signs to
and
inclusive,we
which
use
5
shall
not
*^
may
say:
the technicalities
in
taught
suited
to the
in this
preface.
a
fool,need
that the householder
the
means.
inconveniences
of
attendant
a
We
and
desirable
That
should
be
as
or
initiatory
the least
to the
domiciles,with
included
all
that the
in the operation.
ity,
durabil-
beauty,economy,
paintingcan
there
exists
a
entitled
"
How
desire
for
know
include
these
most
shall
we
Experience has
written.under
shown
a"mistaken
in the matter
knowledge
from
1868, has passed through many
was
the
"
objects.
house-painting,we
volume
of
assured
the smallest
to be assured
ought
to
sive
comprehen-
so
;
results with
our
coming
short-
wayfaring
subject ourselves
we
possiblybe
can
"
in
this book
the
proceed in
repaintingof
far
health, so
^Hhat
best
us
in the volume
in hand
so
any
to make
therein
having
When
of
excuse
propose
the
the
or
appear
err
discomforts,we
result will be all that
of
in
We
in the end
secure
expenditure of
the
gar."
ignorantvul-
"
to
be
children
may
not
nevertheless
address
largest job of painting,may
steps as
Tlie
to
intelligence
plain,indeed,
"
the
scholarlycomprehension.
our
made
are
entirelypractical so
though
our
respect,which
this is the
man,
to
capacityof
remarks
to
the initiated.
would
subject,we
to
simple
confessingentire ignorance of
suited
insult
an
These
which
of your
language
It is
terms
While
loss to know
a
appear
learned,and puerileand contemptibleto
learned
at
are
the
Paint
that
fact
?"
the volume
assumption.
little
published in
and
editions,and
that
our
is
yet in
mand.
de-
alluded
to
It assumed
too
PREFACE.
6
mucli
knowledge
than
rather
taught theories
so
indeterminate
the difficulties of
the
necessary
use
the whole
through
light is
in
such
colors with
as
supposed
are
subjectis
The
in
which,
and
of white
hardly
case,
in
our
wood-
be
degree,depend
If
and
colors and
them
as
"
and
shall best
be
of
names
familiar
objects
examples of the purest
home
to
all,and
us
comfort, our
our
of
a
dwellingwith
of it
as
a
far is such
of
one
fine
from
business
the mechanic.
to
the
An
merely
or
more
art would
being
of
exercise
distinguishthe
facultyso
harmonize
them
eye
nice
the
painting
of those
tinguish
dis-
prompt by
gradationsof
to arrange
with
on
ure,
pleas-
are
generalacceptation,
supposed to
education
tints
other
the
successfully
the artist from
nature
so
attempt will
largertowns, requiresthe
in
mind
one
the red ray of
consisted
house-painting
work
conduct
which,
only local
associate the
best
paint,to speak
cities and
faculties
to
renders
color of bricks ; and
comes
justifiable
; but, so
that, to
hances
tints,en-
too often
of tones wherein
which
one
health.
covering the
coats
range
signs
colors.
respective
small
no
our
another, the
present the
of the various
tones
have
which
flowers,fruits,and
to
of
employment
of colors and
names
followingtreatise
in the
made
The
degree perceptible.The
any
it
to such
are
to
signifies
red, for exami^le,
; to
old red sandstone
; but
impartinginformation,and
of words
word
The
meanings.
the
are
as
of colors
names
indefinite.
arbitrary,
extent
fore
there-
was
processes.
the
that
misfortune
a
an
on,
reader,and
of the
part
practical.It taught, indeed
sufficiently
not
It is
the
on
each
and
dispose
other, and
PREFACE.
with
the
surroundings
"
7
in
indispensable
requisites
are
of the present day. Happily,the day of
house-painter
for the interiors of
whites
hope, not
us
painting,for which
there
in such
matters, should
guide.
But
the
homes
our
in
forces
and
a
It
to
be
not
from
the
the
the action
consequences
That
and
this is
appeal is made
to those
of
who
a
conclusion.
correct
him
the
the older and
himself
that
the
A
freshlypainted houses
more
surrounded
absence
of the
knowledge of
is
owing
in
a
thd materials
of
to
and
as
a
of
short,
ilization
high civ-
our
a
and
the
have
forming
he leaves behind
lattice fences
land, and
ruder
greateror
house-painterand
for,just
; in
much,
feels
of
the
country at leasfc,
own
portionsof
thrifty
by the evidences
this condition
sign of
comforts
traveled
Indeed, one
ness,
godli-
the advance
therebyacquired the experiencenecessary
of
to
of
out-buildings
inferred
our
have
cleanliness,
of civilization ;
refininginfluences
true, of
portant
im-
most
of the weather
outward
home
people in wealth, literature,
all the
its
comeliness
be next
houses, fences,and
be
in
arrestingmoldiness
best
path
painted,will
are
only
features,as
by good authorityto
peoplein
in
teacher and
our
studied
and
let
Nature, which,
addingbeautyand
as
it affords the
many
community
be
measure
in its economical
said
proportion as
that
alone
in
is,too, highly promotive
been
of the
advance
a
"
of Puritanism
warrant
no
in
kind
a
excluding dampness
has
and
in
; but
decay.
which
was
wood
preserving
in
"
was
subjectmust
aesthetic aspect; not
to
It
to return.
dead
dwellingshas passed by
our
the
employed in
the
finds
cultivation,
less
his stock
of
degree to
of
paints.
prosecution
PREFACE.
8
their
or
trade,profession,
calling,
of any
and
effects,
which
influenced
they are
active in the
ever
the
research
chemical
and
give the
The
which
wood
the
The
nails which
and
of themselves
them.
thousand
They
in
he
the materials
But
hand
Nature's
brief
laboratory,or
vast
productionof
and
are
to
eyes,
as
factitious
the
of
the
shapes of
of their
substances
result
mode
of
out-door
life
common,
so
painted surfaces
professthe
ignoranceof
the nature
the proper and
is
the
painting,there
art of
and
economical
use
ioned
fash-
origin.
to
give,in
in
ing,
house-paintthose which
nothing in
ranks
same.
mestic
doour
of those
prevailsa general
composition of paints,and
of the
out
highest
constantlybefore
yet,outside
;
words,
operationin the
of
There
so
the
has been
pigments used
production.
growth.
wrought
of
explainthe originand properties
own
its
ity
util-
force which
secret
the
production.
painterdisposeswith
of the writer
aim
the
possible,
as
of Nature's
or
who
The
and
reflect to the eye the
the
simple or compound
form
a
sign of
of
household
as
which
colors which
give no
be
may
familiar
result
observation
grain the storyof
as
are
by
will
explanations,
suggestthe mechanical
scientific skill.
as
in its
used
other
into
carpenter fashions
uses
tints and
cunning
of
a
of
compositionand mode
beauty,bears
and
to be
seem
those
are
assistance of written
the
Nature,
materials
amount
no
in
manner
directlythe
more
are
and
to their
clew
The
discoverythan
and
callings
;
study,without
change, would
of
success.
colorist
painter and
trades
of
and
mode
the invisible forces of
by
great law
concomitant
necessary
the
and
properties,
nature,
origin,
source,
Owing
to
of
what
PREFACE.
the
writer
not
only
of
in
learning,
a
little
book
not
only
the
belief
instruction
to
of
to
the
the
that
in
in
made
of
attention
of
the
public,
there
pages.
but
are
writer
and
also
but
would
to
few
to
the
create
is
the
who
in
or
their
teaching
we
mit
com-
of
neglect
it
interest
an
induced
to
offer
reader,
not
find
is
in
this
commend
general
may
tive
percep-
whom
modestly
the
tions
institu-
higher
Such
and
to
education,
colors,
those
children,
our
the
of
educate
to
Hoping
trade,
its
but
arrangement.
subject,
important
system
and
misfortune.
national
this
the
instruction
our
discrimination
the
worthy
certainly
is
effort
combination
harmonious
the
schools,
no
in
in
defect
a
common
our
faculties
is
call
must
9
it
with
some
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
PAGE
I.
ColOes
"
and
TJsEa
their
.13
.
.
II.
Light
"
,
Color
and
18
.....
III.
Ornamenting
"
Colors
with
.23
.
IV.
"
Paints:
Their
Origin
.
.
Sources
and
81
.
V.
Mixing
"
Paints
Colors
and
.35
.
VI.
VII.
"
"
Mixing
Paints
Paint
as
.
Colors
and
affected
.
(Continued)
40
.
Agencies
Atmospheric
by
.
48
.
VIII.
"
Exterior
-Painting
House
52
...
IX.
"
System
New
Interior
of
House-Painting
71
.
X.
"
Whitewashing,
"
Walls
coloring
or
.
Ceilings
and
KaLSOMINING
CALLED
83
....
XI.
Paris-Green
as
"
a
Pigment
.96
.
XII.
"
Graining
as
Fine
a
.
.
113
Art.
.
XIII.
"
Imitation
Painted
Colored
of
Woods,
Ground
.
123
.
.
XV.
"
Tools
Graining
.125
129
.
.
.143
.
.
.
"
Ash
.147
.
.154
Graining
.
XX.
"
Chestnut
.
Graining.
Black-Walnut
.
XIX.
.
Graining
Dark-Oak
XVIIL"
.
.
.
XVIL"
.
Graining
Light-Oak
XVI."
for
required
.
Colors
Graining
and
cally
techni-
.116
.
"
.
Graining
CALLED
XIV.
.
.
.
,
.
157
Graining
....
CONTENTS.
12
PAGE
CHAPTER
XXI.
New
System
Geainino
of
"
Pine-Wood
Unpainted
on
159
Suefaces
....
XXII.
Distempee-Geaining
.163
"
.
.
Bied's-E
XXIII."
.165
Maple
YE
.
Mahogany
XXiy.
.
.
.
.
Geaining
.169
"
.
Rosewood
XXV."
.
.
.172
Geaining
.
Satinwood
XXVI.
.
.
174
Geaining
"
.
Walnut
Black-
XXVII.
.
Geaining
in
"
.
.
Distempee.
176
.
Light-Oak
XXVIII.
Geaining
179
Distempee
in
"
.
.
XXIX."
.181
Vaenisuing
.
.
Geneeal
XXX.
.
.
.185
Eemaeks
"
.
XXXI.
How
Paint
to
"
.
.
.195
Caeeiage
a
.
XXXII.
Peepaeation
of
"
.
198
Sueface
the
.
.
XXXIII.
205
Vaenishing
Caeeiage"
....
The
XXXIV."
New
.211
Method
XXXV.
Painting
.217
Vaenishing
and
"
.
.
.
.
.
Evils
XXXVI.
and
"
220
Remedies
theie
XXXVII.
Cleaving
of
"
XXXVIII.
How
"
XXXIX.
to
get
Vaenish
Coloe
the
feom
224
.
Best
the
Adulteeation
and
229
The
Use
of
.
235
Waste
.
"
How
"
to
make
238
Coloes
Ready-Geound
the
Best
.
.
.
XLI.
.
Results
.
"
XL.
.
.
.
Job
in
.
Black
242
.
.
HOUSE-PAINTING,
CARRIAGE-PAINTING,
AND
GRAINING.
CHAPTER
COLOKS
The
of
use
of
To
trace
were
an
historic
the
the
among
workmen
in
gold
the
of
Tyre,
of
King
Israel
wood,
or
build
him
(even
to
as
did
Moses
tell
"
of
colors
send
and
and
he
had
wherewith
dwelliiig-house),
a
son
which
long
broidery
Solomon,
fine
said
a
woman
was
of
her
Huram,
ncw-macle
the
of
skill
to
poetic
sacred
that
; and
sent
incip-
Tyre
ago
the
the
son.
per-
fied
glori-
So-called
for
ployed
em-
non-existence
mosaics
earth
his
its
with
poet,
that
us
the
to
the
garden.
beforetime
trees, whereof
a
Eden's
nations
and
blind
of
from
art
of
poses
pur-
possibly
Avere
adornment
fine
flower
gorgeous
in
the
because
the
ornamental
tliey
this
task,
Milton,
bower
according
of
and
and
for
or
progress
the
nuptial
books"
in
man
records.
USES.
decoratiA^e
history,
impossible
describes
frenzy,
famed
the
THEIR
for
written
by aboriginal
iency
AKD
colors
antedates
I.
David
King
cedar
David
did
of
the
14
HOUSE
CARRIAGE
AND
daughtersof -Dan, whose
in
father
decoratingin gold and
crimson
fine linen.
We
silver and
that
suppose
may
the
development
palacesand
to the
that colors had
arrangement,and
other
materials
which
until
the
their
seemed
temporal
suppose
that there
for sacred
average
mind
there
know
civilization there exists
indifference
discern
to this
harmony
was
an
a
almost
subject,and
and
harmonious
tian,
Egyp-
the
to
during
en-
ize
symbol-
sible
incomprehen-
know
them
"
all
religiousinventions,
sacerdotal
with
is
purposes
the culminating
Church.
a
We
may
historywhen
knowledge
time
entire
a
the
glory of
man's
and
over,
more-
record
to us,
Komish
in
educated
was
temples of
colored
and
period in
a
and
The
highest reach
of the
was
the
mere
we
as
and
changes
power
decorative
worship.
suppose,
"
man's
kings ; and,
of
strangeand,
attained its
to have
We
we
through
so
of color
use
modes
Tyre !
of
i^eriod
mostly to
of
of
man
for
monumentally
and
succeeding forms
in
earlier
tombs
pagan
Egyptian civilization were,
religion. And
embroideryand
emblematicallyin
used
were
of
mysteries
in
significance
beyond
a
and
Jewish,
iron,and
this
was
of color
confined
was
purposes
worship and
the
also in
skillful
man,
brass and
during the
employment
GRAINING.
Tyrian
a
accomplishedartist
An
ornamental
was
purple and gold,as
and
AND
FAINTING,
the
of color-harmony.
where
in
ignorance of
our
and
prevailinginabilityto
distinguishdiscords
in
compositions
of color.
The
protest of
they deemed
diversion
of
errors
a
Luther
in the
portion of
and
his compeers
Church,
the
included
againstwhat
more
religiousthought
than
the
of the
so-
AND
COLORS
THEIR
USES.
15
,
called Christian
had
accustomed
been
who
those
world
in the
entire.
The
veneration
the
the
The
the
the
protesterswas
devil's
by St. Peter,
of those
part
out, became
standing offense againstthe
engine for
the
God
the
it
spiritof
earth,the objectof
theretofore,on
Antichrist,the
in the
change
on
Luther
which
through
footstepsof
power
folloAved
who
religious,
channel
founded
institution,
God's
repositoryof
tremest
the
to flow.
followed
radical and
the
from
of
ex-
truly
thing
horrent,
ab-
Abraham,
perversionof
man
hu-
souls.
All of art in
the Church
which
the
emblem
the
had
softened
idols
become
in
sculpture,and architecture,
gathered and
the cross,
of
windows,
were
painting,and
the
grew
and
that
put
color-harmony,which
Coming
down
Massachusetts
want
to
our
of taste and
of the
are
Out
and
all the
and
of the
stained
minster
and
Church
this,we
may
"
his
was
assume,
consequent ignorance of,
a"3Companiment of
the
time, and lookingback
own
and
our
may
ornamental
forms
civilization.
and
features
Modified
by
the
cause
the
Puritan
wonderful
They
of
the
our
use
The
purposes.
of
semi-theocracy
difficult to trace.
find
indifference to the
far-reachingin extent,
most
of
been
ever
Bay Colony,we
for decorative
were
the
Puritanism.
Protestant
own
has
cathedral
savored
far away.
to,
indisposition
"
light of Luther
new
friends,and everythingwhich
banished
monopolized
Virgin Mother,
light of
the
almost
crop
of
of
our
of colors
ings
rigidteach-
Commonwealth
in
influence,and
out
to-dayamong
diversified
influx
to the
societyand
immigration,by
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
16
with
contact
eyer-increasing
and
wealth
its
traced
be
the
To
entire indifference
to the
ornamental
distinguishcolor-harmony, which
which
prevailed,and
prevail,
among
a
knowledge
if not
of the
may
the
image-worship. Scarlet
*^
Babylon"
of
woman
with
hills,drunken
pagan
and
idolatry,
either
as
"
the blood
the
red
ornaments
crime
with
them
who
she
and
was
Fathers
frivolity,
a
church
purposes
little less heinous
was
sat
of saints.
of
significant
the
upon
!
could
have
ideal faith.
To
have
rendered
purelyintellectual
their
places of worship attractive by ornamentation
have
given
morality of
those
in
and
not
we
enduring
tracingbackward
indifference
to the
the
use
rigid
and
proper
not
to
worship
rejoicethat
^Mn
the
as
cause
of
monumental
of
our
the
colors,it
brass
want
seems
spirit
of their
of
architecturally
symbolizedthe simplicity
were
In
found
conscious
they were
as
spiritualimpulses. May
which
profession. The
they assembled
far
would
rectangularshelters,under
the
roofs of which
truth," so
whole
God-fearing ascetics
fittingexpressionin
wooden
their
lie to
Colors,
place in
no
their
the
seven
Purple suggested
of wrath
right hand
emblems,
or
for
a
as
upon
Puritan
those
of colors
use
sally
univer-
generallyto
now
of colors
simple names
to
inability
the
said
be
for
of colors
use
heretofore
has
verity
se-
teachingsmay
and
people. With
a
looked
been
have
than
the
as
sin, and
a
would
us
these
purposes,
dencies,
ten-
and
rigidity
less of the
or
of
luxurious
and
originalfeatures.
and
decorative
more
GRAINING.
world, by accumulation
tlie
consequent refinement
they yet bear
of their
AND
PAINTING,
or
materials
their
ligion
re-
?
marble
of taste and
not
own
necessary
our
to
COLORS
which
of
it
denied
find
to
simple
ourselves
now
Let
green.
to
place
gave
as
has
place
to
a
with
the
to
be
tones
educating
of
color,
what
displayed
in
the
its
least,
to
lectual
intel-
regard
to
Encouraging
tints
coloristic
and
mania,
people
and
as
shades,
decoration
the
there
to
latter
cordant
dis-
given
of
the
is
much
covery
re-
yet
colors
and
properly
domestic
our
eral
gen-
partial
what
may
of
and
has
and
is
as
white
exteriors
harmony
We
sors,
predeces-
the
the
morals
paintless
of
course,
be
to
past.
severe
that
not
severe
The
our
color
is
the
Puritanism
run
the
of
road.
of
vanity
it
its
thing
other
white-and-green
in
tion
civilizaand
at,
with
ourselves
some
done
a
diluted
at
things.
of
from
the
has
disposition,
dwelling-places
fitness
become
the
combination
that
moral
rejoice
system,
congratulate
us
the
to
to
or
a
the
were
and
generations.
npon
which
structures
I7
settlement
deplore,
tastes,
USES.
key-note
Puritanism,
that
its
and
the
succeeding
matter
a
that
of
given
has
tone
Be
period
the
beyond
go
THEIR
AND
be
tecture.
archi-
LIGHT
charged
willful
of the
knowledge
effects
be denied
colors
we
and
contrasts
people are
so
is,as
faculties
Chevreul, in
his work
this
possessors
red, it
I
colors
saw
the
as
convinced
perfectly
soon
was
a
very
which
be
to
was
in all
'^a
questionsof
propound
he
the
saw
soon
matters
nobody
laws for others.
rule
the
taste there
them.
see
which
to
discords
such
but
the
them.
from
Upon
time
is
no
persons
this
to
to
come
cision,
de-
a
laws
harmony,
matters, every
man
have
been, and
who
claim that
for
room
was
rightor
dispute,and
the
callingto
protestersare, fortunately,
exception,and
of
generality
I
will be seen,
and
There
has the
Such
Colors"
I felt the
as
This, it
himself."
unto
of
spent in teachingthe
if,in
wasted
impressions.
to discover whether
persons
about
time
As
*^
these
perceptive
color
always will be, perhaps,individuals
that in such
that
law
:
was
contrasts,and
than
worse
be
are, and
not
color
govern
would
that
reason
sightof
Contrast
of
that I did."
important matter
for the
the
gans
or-
reasonably
all whose
among
of
generality
not
can
produced by
first care
study,my
light
the
(page198, English translation),
says
necessityof
of
imperfect that
^^Laws
on
and
by
visual
ordinarily
susceptibleto
are
positive
no
general mind
of colors
fact
lead
the
rule, identical
a
at
not
to
that
from
that the sensation
the
on
perhaps
must
arrive
can
produced
distinguishgreen
not
can
captiousness,or
Notwithstandingthe
of many
19
however,
diversity,
that
combinations
shade.
and
This
conclusion
the
certain
COLOR.
stubbornness, or
to
blindness.
to
us
AND
see
fact still remains
the
colors
assumption,laws
time, which
are
as
Chevreul
have
been
supposed
says
pounded,
pro-
to be
in
AND
HOUSE
20
accordance
CARRIAGE
with
Nature's
requirementsin
colors in coloristic decoration
In
with, and
met
are
that all the natural
reason
modified
by
natural
is
and
with
all colors and
with all
too, are
color.
powerful influences
in the
in
a
and
disagreeable,
had
with
the
compositionin
decrease
the
it would
have
upon
results will follow from
any
Rules
as
to
be
given
the
for
bear
to each
laid down,
white
should
spots would
with
should
for
produce harmony
given
must
be
be
may
Not
be
have
place,
:
be
whereas,
its
bors,
neighSo
proportion,that disagreeable
offense
againstthese
conditions.
putting togethercertain
avoid discords,but
and
few
follow
excess,
more
not
can
effect of all.
A
a
ple,
pur-
of colors
proportionto
other.
in
it
efl'ectof all ;
good
proportionswhich
as
equally
proportionswill
relative
such
contrast
or
combination
With
:
as
colors,so
rule
no
these
can
colors
generalrules,indeed, may
a
blue
white
So
with
red
be in excess,
and
the
remarks
and
white, the
ground
pleasingeffect
spots.
white
harmonizes
Proportionand
heightened the good
much, indeed, depends
trary
arbi-
is a fixed and
neutral.
certain
in proper
color been
same
come
they be-
scarlet,or crimson, or
any
color used
that
eye in combination
better with
altered
so
but
or
olive-green
greenish-drab,
to discord
made
are
circumstances
positiveand
for the
to oyercome,
relatingthereto
and
the
tints
gold is
with
than
a
of
disposition
color-harmony that gold
pleasingto
:
hard
It
interpretations.
in
law
with
be
tlie
ornamentation.
are
laws
conditions
liable to endless
so
and
GRAINING.
treatingthe question of color-harmony,formidable
difficulties
and
AND
PAINTING,
than
a
white
and
as
with
blue
; the
to blue
and
blue
ground
white
white
LIGHT
AND
and
make
yellow
not
they are
the
other
together,the
red next, and
determine
colors.
blue
be
and
one
the
and
are
are
what
color-blind
are
not
of
and
in two
addition
of
less
when
where
or
green,
and
both
a
its
in
educated
through
own
and
written
taught by
the
a
disagreeable
by
and
than
third ; or,
the
rules,from
medium
or
red
be
red
and
and
rules
by
the
yellownext
Suoh
green,
as
required.
by
colors which
toned
be
down
of
and
third ;
a
done,
can
fact that the eye
"We
the
ear, any
say
becomes
the
olive-
or
is
taught harmony
eye.
colors lose
be
encing
experi-
to concords
in two
may
green,
well
not
all that
be
the
of the
the other
color.
can
most
proportions.
of
the introduction
this
this
as
proper
color-harmonythrough
between
white
"
may
"
arises the
in
almost
changed
discord
how
latter organ
quantity,the
hence
extent
is not
be
may
to harmonize
be made
not
be
a
colors
sented
pre-
placingside by side, in
green
Discords
are
to distinguish
tuitive
inability
of
contact,alternate stripes
this
same
in this art whose
may
direct
But
yet
it is difficult to
course,
to the
effect
disagreeable
brown.
colors
red
;
in the
first in
educatingone
to be without
what
the
these
naturallydeficient
are
important requirement;
persons
When
and
combination
yellow shows
should
the task of
perceptivefaculties
as
in
Blue
quantityof each, and
exact
of
hopelessness
Few
the
21
white.
lastlythe yellow. Of
the
color-blind
and
perfect harmony
pleasingwhen
as
quantityas
red
to
equallypertinentas
are
COLOR.
a
black
dull and
it at
these,however,
can
can
dered
ren-
but,
be
not
can
not
better
of sounds
arrangement.
black, and
the
once
next
a
rusty,
duce
Introshows
not prop-
should
be
of
that
writer
will
would
rules
written
moralizes
of
find
colors
under
knowledge
the
study
any
comes
of
good
by
be
a
to
expect
four
this
know
not
its
to
in
little
full
in
and
only
otherwise
the
and
color
all
complete
he
eye
by
gether
to-
which
ear
through
The
said
reader
some
for
which
say
struck
ground.
knows
As
to
easy
the
directions
conditions.
the
is
to
seem
taught
stony
on
compositions,
through
examples.
fact
because
here,
to
edge
knowl-
would
scale
but
;
the
sown
such
It
musical
sounds
seed
it
possessor.
intuition,
as
GRAINING.
that
reason
;
discordant
forth
give
does
value
and
three
notes
the
intuition
by
come
particular
no
for
instructive,
called
be
erly
AND
PAINTINa,
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
22
the
bination
com-
will
be
before,
practice,
and
plicable
apthis
by
CHAPTER
III.
OEN"AMEKTIKG
view
l2^
with
color
consulted
the
is
to
to
as
science
not
art,
of
rational.
That
of
or
be
may
is
a
perceptive,
not
improved
natural
the
it
colors
fact
its
;
faculties.
in
interests
A
knowledge
The
the
study
faculty
is
wanting
suits
dogmatically
his
The
tast^,
or
the
good
it
can
asserts
want
of
what
not
other
tions,
relais
with
effect.
good
because
not
of
color
is
examples
not
that
taste,
be
a
;
there
it
exists,
but
where
is
is
esting,
interthe
is
may
the
good
an
tuitive,
in-
With
acquired.
thing
of
not
color-harmony
where
not,
these
intellectual,
of
is
certain
considered,
theory
faculty,
of
with
reasons.
connection,
this
deal
ornamentation,
color
it
acquired.
not
each
to
in
results.
but
and
juxtaposition
in
interesting
empirical
be
must
to
now
scientifically
why,
displayed
haye
rules,
bear
or
by
who
man
furnish
ornamenting
alone
organ
We
is
in
object
that
eye,
what
to
COLORS.
sole
good.
with
reason
but
processes,
as
be
is
more
good
a
Chemistry
its
what
tlie
the
please
chemically
itself,
colors
tliat
propose
two
when
fact
;
We
WITH
end
cause
beto
the stone-blind
have
laid down
those
by
who
in
harmony
altogether
vanity. Such
were
matter, only to accept the rules
lot in this
part or
no
color-blind
or
GRAINING.
questionof color-harmony with
the
discuss
To
argument.
AND
PAINTING,
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
24
the
possess
natural
the
color,improved by
guishing
distin-
gift of
study of good
examples.
Undue
importance has
of colors
of imitation
and
combinations
gratefulto
Again
sense
a
:
the
house,
a
natural
object; but, with
of
colors which
absurd.
last
a
natural
Nature
Nature, too,
while
under
are
viewed
by
with
are
palate.
not
in any
lines and
attempt
colors
angles,
give it
to
and
be
those
simply
her
color
highlypleasingand
; while
to have
lightful
de-
when
in interior
colors used
their best
necessarily,
effect,
frequentlyunder
colors appear
artificial light,than
ornamenting
her
light,and
certain
the
equallyviolent and incongruous
are
intended
subdued
light. Now,
in
exhibits
contrast, by the lightof day
decoration
odors
object,by coloringit with
of which
others
tastes to
any
sounds
all natural
or
its formal
and
ral
natu-
pleasingto
would
largelydisplays,
most
combinations, many
in
degree;
and
building,is
modern
other
or
is artificialto the
the appearance
natural
nostrils,or
assert that the
displayedin
the ear,
amples
ex-
they conform
as
To
as
portion
pro-
Nature's
that all natural
to declare
as
be pleasingto
necessarily
must
far
only so
of colors
contrasts
absurd
as
were
; but
be harmonious
necessarily
objectsmust
tlie eye,
Nature
combination.
to the rules of harmonious
placeand
the
given to
displayedin
as
worthy
are
been
very
seen
cial
artifi-
when
different,
by daylight; and,
colors, provisionmust
be
made
for
ORNAMEKTIXG
For
this difference.
and
it to
causes
brighterthan
this color
almost
appears
approach
black
The
of
be
it
indispensable,
the initial
extended
step in decoratingwith
of
uniform
a
and
contrasting. Cold
perspectivedrawing
work
is
form
the
of the
The
enables
sculptor,
the
pigments
will
only is important, the
copying natural
2
a
taking
should
be
is
decided
be
with
the
and
formal
true artist the
a
applied,even
the
inspiration,
plastic
clay,under
as
marble
the hands
patenthis
to make
in
vention
in-
artist in coloristic decoration.
the
read
faultyin conception,no
Undue
The
are
be
may
detail
or
flowing lines
With
is the
true
the
in
blue
white,
There
harmony
the author
in
fectness
in
the brush
ideal statue
language
if dark
should
and
architecture.
exposition
only.
colored
colors.
tones
not
complete before
So with
to
tint for the eye to rest upon,
gray
are
domestic
sculpturethe
apt
for exhibition
the effect before
in ornamentation
colors used
the
our
are
impressmost stronglythe importance
and
lines of
of
greens
lightenedwith
be
tones
light,and
bright tone, and,
a
looks
much
intended
of
completeconcej)tion
surfaces
and
darker
red,
same.
writer would
full and
a
of
too
to
crimson
is,the
lightblues
should
of the
brightertone
that
"
absorptionof
; and
25
scarlet,and
Therefore, blue
by gaslightshould
be
COLORS.
yellow lightlends
:
to
Blue
the
by
confounded.
be
example
by day.
loses
"
WITH
signswhereby
his
inspirations.If
remedy
attention
objectsand
to
a
of elaboration
amount
process
others versed
the
and
defect.
the
parts
detail,and
forms, show
The
a
a
design
or
perresult
are
nificant
insig-
fondness
barrenness
for
of
ORNAMENTING
made
tolerable the
than
more
WITH
robs the
past sickness,and
COLORS.
otherwise
27
weary
hours
of my
anticipatedfuture
hours
of illness
of half their terrors."
of this in
Think
such
!
whiteness
Puritan
!"
room
a
drowsy poppy
in
comparison with cold,plainceilings
what
Oh,
Is there
the work
with
to
of mental
and
of
blank
in the nature
where
and
of
music
look
Giver
and
a
for
? The
artist-painter
mental
of which
one
in
not
those
is out
The
exercise
question;
fearful
so
of
with
the
the
Therein
in the mind
of sick-room
that the
;
ever
question ;
ber.
sick-chamBountiful
a
color
hope !
of the writer
existence
long,long,weary
blot from
;
ment
employ-
lies
physicalinanition,the
for
a
circumstances
reader, the
faculties.
pleasantrecollections by
in tints and
sons,
sanitaryrea-
of the
such
harmony
of doubt
joy;
pation,
occu-
perceptivefaculties,and
us
would
is for
suggest
under
Kind
the
easy to bear.
equallyout
hope ?
and
prostrates,is
Eeading is forbidden
dreary hours
of
any
agreeablemental
faculties
on
shadow
hours
days of
harmonious
in
which
does
?
not
to exercise
of the
many
made
hope
are
look
is not
be rendered
those
is
Sahara
bestowed
whereupon
that
for
mirth
has
There
of
industrial
the
Where
be
faculties
be
to
things,forbidden.
of
protractedsickness
as
challengecomparison
of books
Eeading
case.
a
great Desert
the
of
Given
occupation.
industrial
the
sirup
becomes
bodilyprostration
Suppose
or
in
of the
great terror, in bodily sickness
want
sick
luxury
a
medicament,
any
mandragora,
or
healing power
^^
days
"
lection
recol-
very
memory
may
"
may
simpledisplayof color,
proportions.But
the
designof
HOUSE
28
work
execution
in
eyen
unskilled
to
small
so
matter
a
To
hands.
productionsof
did those
toret, which
that these
enchant
for evil ; and
from
Ebal,
But
world.
that
may,
rather
down
avoided.
strictly
The
horrors."
They
the
ujoon
as
are
much
their
heads, when
strengthof
not
vines,and
good, because
objectsof
a
to be
view
painted bunch
as
to
place.
of flowers
There
on
a
chamber
of
architecture.
can
be
objects,are
they cease
beautiful
to the
is of most
no
has
quets,
Bou-
right.
be
on
standing
or
sick person
a
thingsinferior
imitate,and, what
of
tempered
dis-
ble,
horri-
or
they would
of natural
curiosity.However
of
^'
upsidedown,
to interest when
in the nature
intended
domestic
sufficient to set them
they cease
or
a
a
should
dancing-girls,
them, and
other imitations
entirelyout
in
we
mind
wonder
sight,they are
they are
into
placethere
certain
carpet : they are
on
of
out
be
objects,must
purelyconventional,
sick-room
ceilingsin
from
us
Gerizim.
not, by the aid of
Cupids,nor
Faces,portraits,
down
the brow
from
shapes either grotesque
on
thereby convertingour
look
be
figuresmust
fancy,take
build,"
ers,
drawings,wreaths, flow-
severelysimplethat they can
so
tent
impo-
not
heightsof
of natural
all imitations
vines,and
the
from
blessings
than
Tin-
forget
not
us
as
curses
Exaggerated outlines,fanciful
and
let
and
as
we
according'
'^
we
call
paintedceiling,
our
as
just as certainly
colors,so powerful for good, are
same
its
nor
sleei^ing-
a
great masters, Titian
the
the
not,
see
coloring of
artist
an
GRAINING.
produce good results,
the
as
requiresthe pencil of
room,
of
to eyes which
intrusted
be
not
must
AND
PAINTmG,
CARRIAGE
AND
not
to be
at first
objects
tance,
impor-
sentiment
however
ceiling,
fault-
ORNAMENTING
less the
and
drawing
become
soon
WITH
COLORS.
coloringmay
of
matters
29
be ; and
indifference
such
disgust.
or
contrary,purelyconventional
designsand figures
drawn,
being artistically
kept subseryient
object,which
with
and
a
displayof
fresh
charm,
In
tracing the
occupationwhen
by
Ifcwill
devotee
that such
No
sentiment
tion
or
which
connection
with
forms
and
figuresaffords good
imagination,and
Therefore,the
the
of
dead
for the
artist
level
who,
of
a
is
reaching out
is made
digression
as
times,which
a
the
displayof
with
its
as
named.
and
cattle
ducks
and
fervor,
sense
a
of
to be to elevate horse-
seems
Landscape
painting,and
artistic
protestagainstthe growing
art
insect
scope
highest significance.
cow-painting above
flower and
true
of
ceilinginto
paintingand
above
any
drawing
in the better
toward
spiration
in-
its concej)-
real artistic
white
plain
beauty,"is practicingart
and
that
the
pigs and
with
deny
necessarily
belong to
of
disposition
masters
tion,
imagina-
will
word,
This
the
None
thing
the
play of
objects
production.
changes
^'^
natural'
the beholder
move
sources.
re-
enthusiastic
not
the
taste.
the remotest
pleasant
did
purely conventional
for
for
ings
shad-
its usual
the most
copying of
can
the
curves,
agreeableand
by
givesroom
of art
to the main
deprived of
claimed
same
to lose their attractiven
never
lines and
finds
the
selves
alwayspresent them-
"
seem
that the
art has
work
and
mind
hardlybe
of realistic art
or
colors
sickness it is
imitations of nature
or
and
On
the
"
is the
contrasts,the
objects
rabbits
and
jiucklings,
and
practicedby
the
painting,and
rats and
chanticleer
with
Guineaall his
HOUSE
30
cackling
life,
harem,
only
respectable,
but
and
invention,
be
said
to
exist.
how
natural
of
this
such
practice
the
given
show
copying
Talent
objects.
PAINTING,
though
to
serve
in
become
CARRIAGE
AND
of
or
a
it
canvas
on
expert
of
display
does
genius,
a
of
not
without
GRAINING.
natural
more
skillful
and
order
high
skill
is
necessarily
which
truly
is
may
natural
certainly
wonderful
include
fine
than
men
imitating
and
forms
kind
AND
;
tion,
inspiraart
can
not
CHAPTER
PAIKTS
The
used
and
These
silica
mostly
as
liable
and
Colors
character.
is
also
All
Among
and
classed
the
Lead
nature
the
tive
Nain
formations,
They
and
colors
crimson
shades,
or
as
a
and
being
useful
are
produced
furnishes
rule
and
not
are
chemical
by
the
bright
purple
lakes,
painting,
by
scarlet
as
vegetable
their
the
also
been
fugitive
madder-colors,
pigment
important
among
lampblack
colors.
yield pigments
white-lead,
are
have
of
reason
retained
those
composition,
substances
vegetable
The
yields
and
oxides.
gamboge.
metals
tints
substance,
from
in
ments
pig-
blues.
Antwerp
discarded
mostly
geological
kingdom
and
extracted
iron
are
animal
of
house-painting.
neutral
and
as
carmine,
as
Prussian
color
bulk
great
supply.
with
change
The
known
indigo,
in
to
agency.
boundless
colored
both
durable
certain
generally
are
the
decorative
in
found,
SOUECES.
AND
yields
and
plain
are
inexhaustible
OKIGIiT
kingdom
in
paints
THEIE
:
mineral
IV.
and
of
sort.
some
whites
other
distinguished
by
various
of
similar
names,
as
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
32
wliite,China
silver-white, Krem's
called
oxide, called
red
mineral,
GRAINING.
; also orange
white, etc.
the
red-lead,and
oxide,
gray
litharge.
the beautiful
furnishes
Zinc
paint known
unrivaled
the
for
"
which
detailed
'^
entitled
Chapter XI,
Paris
as
and
comprehensive
a
see
known
green
zinc-white.
as
in combination
Copper gives verdigris,and,
green
AND
PAINTING,
with
emerald
or
descriptionof
Green
Paris
senic,
ar-
as
ment.
Pig-
a
"
Indian
furnishes
Iron
red.
and
smalt
made
are
produce
colors of
ages the
or
only substance
propertiesrequiredby
familiar
any
molds
like
The
forming
round
a
surface
"
earthen
which
the
for white
are
circle
or
the
ring,with
pots, to
volatilized
"
weeks,
some
the action
by gentleheat.
acid,the metal
oxide
an
qualities
of that
bars
across
of
to certain
as
they
something
more
or
vinegar,or
Through
other
are
much
ments.
require-
technically
less,in covered
other
the action
graduallyloses
into
run
objectbeing to present as
shapes buckles,
exposed
pigments,
all the
includes
painter,is
possible,conformably
as
num,
molybde-
metal, liquefied
by heat, is
gridiron;
These
called
a
cently-foun
re-
popularlyknown, perhaps,than
metal, lead, more
except iron.
the
peculiarbeauty and brilliancy.
the comprehensive term
AVhite-lead,
for
Cobalt-
cobalt,and
uranium, cadmium,
as
bination
com-
true vermilion.
as
the metal
from
metals, such
etc. 3
orange
supplies
King'syellowand orpiment.
Arsenicum
blue
is known
sulphur what
with
Mars
brown.
Mercury produces in
red.
yellow,and Venetian
and
Mars
acetic acid,
of this
porized
va-
its metallic struct-
AND
takes
character, and
and
lire
ORIGIN
THEIR
PAINTS:
and
ground
The
other
as
follow^s
to
deoxidized
2,000" Fahrenheit, are
unitingwith
risingas
from
the
into which
This
the gas escapes.
to catch
suspended open-mouthed
passage
from
wath
the
of
oxygen
light,flakysubstance
at this
to the
furnace
known
fourth
hundred
the
In
the
ore
gas, the zinc
gases
iron
out
sucked
are
pipes to
a
of which
large,stout bags,
in its
zinc,which,
its yaporous
form
atmosphere, forming
flowers of zinc.
as
of the
it
the
oxide
The
stage is extremelylight,thirtyor fortypounds being
sufficient to filla barrel.
one
and
raised
bers
bags,goes through cham-
air is admitted.
which
into
unites
the
; the oxygen
is filled with
room
sand, and
coarse
driyen, and
they are
painter.
fire,
and, when
yapor
as
zinc)is produced
conyeyed through
furnace, and
large room
The
yapor.
of
a
crushed,
of the
carbonic-acid
coal,forming
the
metallic
a
the
coal,are spreadon
fine
and
paint
to the size of
ores, crushed
The
:
the white-lead
of
chemically known
pigment (white oxide
white
with
mixed
oil,is
in
is
33
appearance
This, after being washed
of lead.
carbonate
the
on
whitish, friable substance, which
SOURCES.
of its former
pounds
to manufacturers
by mixing
and
bulk,
casks
or
whose
It is then
and
packed
of four hundred
business
in barrels of two
pounds, and
it is to i)repare
grinding in oil,for
the
about
compressed to
use
of the
sold
the same,
painter.
fort
bone-black,FrankLampblack, drop-black,iyory-black,
black, are
which
affords
manufacture
most
of
the
applied to
names
all the
blacks
used
in
the
painting,and
ink, yiz.,carbon.
printer's
important and,
useful
form
simple substance
of carbon
in the
Lampblack,
the
to be considered
CHAPTER
mixi:n^g
This
and
to
so
would
it would
so
such
subject
We
it
does
such
maybe
differing
a
preface
to
every
the
hearer
or
confess
we
the
present
so
of
of
the
connect
no
in
tones
of
the
;
the
for
of
color
same
nor
son
rea-
tion,
domestica-
of
state
a
task,
easy
difficulty
those
the
specimens
is
our
of
names
well-known
This
out
under
circumstances.
which
impressions,
names
to
and
variety
and
majority,
are
hearer,
that
to
them
names
individual
;
fairly intelligible.
difficulty
false
with
these
ability
our
write
to
carried
sensations,
to
as
which
but
;
the
to
examples.
a
colors
significance
particularly
conditions
rather
of
names
altogether
us
present
Another
about
the
as
flowers,
varying
subject
familiar
fruits
help
that
or
in
some
or
facile
convey
it
make
with
flowers
colors.
same
and
proposed
colors
and
misgiving
to
as
paints
the
entirely
little
a
if
the
indeterminate,
not
a
be,
mind
every
reader,
to
seem
V.
as
of
traces
existing
to
the
colors.
on
itself
presents
the
in
exact
When
tablet.
the
is
the
minds
of
speak
his
of
many,
which
meaning
we
wrong,
mind
of
a
taches
at-
a
angle,
tri-
figure
speak
we
each
of the
sound
yellow-brownstone
and
whole
the
through
on
and
It is easy to say, blue
the
stone, and
blue
in
the
; not
the
orange
or
buttercup
color of the
yellow;
pure
for the
remembered,
the
and
of
color
the eye
a
tones
yellow-brown
we
pale tint
the
familiar.
the word
use
of the
primrose,not
known
in
presenting
to
of
In all the world
if there
other,
none
for
comparison
and
young
offer of
can
we
were
have
we
low,
yel-
the reflected color
lemon.
Thus
fore,
There-
green.
pure
the mind
on
reason,
example, well
familiar
be
pertinentexample
most
that it is the most
a
so
yellowcommingled produce
giveto
photograph
flowers,this is the
a
endless
almost
color nomenclature
our
would
of the
and
red-purple,or violet,or indigo,the
a
will not
color
resulting
when
yellow
if the
Yet
we
rose
prim-
the
of
marigold ;
the
of the
range
vision,
of that color.
hues
green.
pale hue
the
of
One,
will see, in mental
deep yellow of
another, the
;
different sensation.
name,
another,
;
mind
the
to
conveys
possiblya
hearer
individual
however,
When,
corners.
word
yellow, the
of
hearing the
three
and
sides
three
having
GRAINING.
AND
PAINTING,
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
36
old, easily
different localities the
same
color.
blue
With
are
floral
the
may
case
"
so
far
presents no
accuse
lavish
is
and
altogetherdifferent,
insurmountable, for
almost
kingdom
"
we
the
Nature
abundance
as
the writer's
example
of
a
the
the difficulties
reason
that
observation
pure
blue ; and
tended
ex-
herein
of
being
of
yellows,purples, crimsons, and
very
niggardly,in
has
the
the purplesparticularly
being of
scarlets,
gorgeous
view
of
richness
MIXING
and
in the
Where
the
Where
the sea-flower
Yet,
hoYv'ever
it
a
the
of pure
will
examjoleof
It is
azure.
world,
The
never
and
storm
in
never
;
wind
is from
these
winds
the
do
north, for
we
the
"
has
must
all
the
We
have
beheld
not
mistake
sky in
east
reason
this
the exhibition
would
reader
revel in the
in all its
purity,let
and
only shown
and
Nature
follows
:
evening
A
in
day
summer
night,and
her
him
of heaven's
joy born
watch
when
best
in the
and
of the
wind,
These
*in
sunrise in
an
the
of
pensable
indisIf the
this color
rare
tacle,
spec-
favorable,
are
conditions
country, followingan
by
are
'tis a
in
passing,
blue.
thunder-storm, clearingup
ushered
nor
none
those
sightof
better
when
or
that with
wait,for
part
heavenly
calm
a
all the conditions
mood.
in supposing
the
be
in
own
ever
latitude,and
which
clouds,with sharplydefined outlines,
fleecy
in
or
in every
our
seen
in
only example
times, and
an
present
ever
with
sky glorified
the
see
or
not
color.
speak
It is not
wind
blue,
can
(over,perhaps,would
south
a
blue
winter
a
;
of
for his delectation
in
seen
leaves
be, we
man
reader
arch, offer
best
dew."
falling
may
to
so
word) peculiarconditions.
a
is the
:
the
pure
the eye of
only under
summer
a
will at any
sky
of the vaulted
in
the
probablybehold.
the
us
spreadsher
with
wet
are
which
blue
blossoms
coral grove,
a
blue the sea-flower
outside
"
37
rove
purple-mulletand gold-fish
never
familiar
sky
is
wave
COLORS.
among
tells
poet
Deep
That
as
The
to ofier.
"
AND
flax-flower
The
purity.
have
we
PAINTS
are
afternoon
during
unclouded
as
or
the
sky and
HOUSE
38
brisk
a
AND
west
of
will
close
Then, by
other
white
creamy
As
face
of
in the
seen
lines,
out-
the
sky.
rounded
zenith,sur-
cloud-masses, a patch
the
color, suggesting to
before
said,the
mind
pious
the idea of what
third
and
color which
but
varietyof
we
last of the
the
Red,
flax-flower is the best
of the endless
offer,out
of
heayen's
primary
first of the
specimens of
pleasingof
the
painting of
the
is it to be
Nowhere
in the water,
small
colors,that
it may
in the
seen
be
said
in obtaining a
difficulty
reflection of
most
with
the
pure
blue
:
purple.
familiar
We
sky, except in
in the
to
have
pure
red
commingling
the faintest
blue-green,and
fers
ofthe
to
young,
the
of
rare
sunsets,
generallandscape
the other
primary
place there.
no
of
is, that
the
The
slightest
it to
and
scarlet,
blue
to
crimson.
the
So
suspicionof yellowmakes
of it
of red
changes
it to
the
best
slightestshow
suggest the
red
of pure
red
example
Nature
tropicalbirds.
of
plumage
yellow ray changes
infinitesimal
red
petalsof flowers,the tempting hues
proportion,compared with
is its
trum.
spec-
pure
all colors to old and
in the earth ; and
or
blue, the
that
and
vey
con-
has confined
indeed, she
the gorgeous
fruits,and
of
can
to
in the
seen
as
crimson,
nor
it ;
of this most
luscious
colors
world,
speak
we
primary colors,is
is neither scarlet
few
example we
the floral
when
mean
use
a
forenoon
gateway.
own
so
the
be
the
clearlycut, sharp
across
watching, may
those
by
blue
each
GRAINING.
Early'in
wind.
fleecyclouds,with
chase
AND
PAINTING,
northwest
or
large masses
pure
CARRIAGE
Dutch
currant
color,because
as
of its
common
in
occurrence
We
best,
red
of
pigments
The
to
teaching
colored
chapter.
mean
The
name
not
will
blue
and
of
pigments
the
will
better
this
color
practice
be
of
because
better
no
departure
than
the
ripe
yellow
mind
of
looked
the
the
for
of
art
in
be
and
not
suggest
the
the
of
color
because,
shall
currant,
yellowish-brown
to
;
we
will
the
not
"
none
disquisition,
of
the
call
of
point
much
the
buttercup,
;
a
after
red
sandstone.
the
have
certainly
of
speak
we
understood
color
but
perhaps,
39
offered.
to
now
seem
when
old
is
and
climates,
temperate
example
familiar
COLORS.
AND
PAINTS
MIXING
of
ochre
heaven.
compounding
the
succeeding
VI.
CHAPTER
with
Beginning
with
Eed
of
tones
with
Red
with
Yellow
These
as
other
the
tint
neutral
the
is
black
Red
warm
or
which
intensely
brown,
brown.
gray
of
red
and
and
carries
of
in
pure
is
It
will
be
just
first
the
color
a
white
warm
color
so
gray,
out
of
produced
pure.
in
from
entirely
cold,
a
proportion
purely
until
the
degree
derived
is
white.
the
are
gray,
pure
yellow
in
just
tone
compounded
are
and
and
blue
predominates.
and
black
varied.
is
mixture
pure
and
crimsons
of
blue
tones
the
color,
gives
this
be
they
black
shade,
in
will
secondary
with
adding
into
of
the
infinitude
in
range
of
all
yellow
or
proportions,
colors.
secondary
whole
:
say
orange-yellow,
amount
gives
colors,
extreme
the
colors
primaries
The
the
as
blue
secondary
the
gives
blue
the
as
green,
blue
according
purples,
termed
we
varying
in
and
are
these
and
;
colors,
commingled
orange,
(CONTINUED.)
"
primary
the
yellow,
scarlet,
produces
COLOES.
AND
PAINTS
MIXING
white.
the
ued
continof
range
would
be
grays
called
as
MIXING
with
Yellow
PAINTS
AND
COLORS.
gives a yellow
gray
41
with
gray
tinge of
a
green.
Blue
with
gray
Blue
and
red
French
quantityof
or
cold
white
with
with
white
with
Yellow
the
blue
or
tinted
Blue
with
present in
Eed
mixture,
black
brown,
and
and
will be
the
warm
givesjDink.
of any
the
desired
tone.
intermediate
lightest,
paleststraw-color
with
darkest
the
gives all
of
tint, called
lightin proportionto
or
givespale blue
slightaddition
a
nice
a
predominates.
white
white
gray.
produce
gray
will be dark
the red
as
Eed
with
and
gray,
cold blue
gives a
to pure
tints between
yellow,and,
red, cream-color.
deep purple,indigo-color,
gives the
or
will be
in
warm
it reflects
proportionas
the red ray.
Red
stone
witli black
color,and
a
better imitation
Black
or
purple,and white, produces brown-
or
little yellowadded
of this
makes
the mixture
a
popular building-stone.
purple, with
white
and
yellow,give all
the
olive-greens.
Black
yellowwith white, give all
and
red and
range
of
drabs, as
Black,
in
and
mixture,
the extensive
also fawn-color.
carries all the colors
tertiary into
the
"
range
"
ondary,
primary, sec-
of browns
or
olive-
greens.
Green
tinted
with
white
gives apple-greenof
various
tones.
This
as
to the
seems
to include
mixing
of colored
all that
can
paintsfor
be
the
said
instructively
productionof
the
MIXING
and
Drab
black
and
PAINTS
fawn
are
from
white
is derived
Maroon
is derived
Chestnut
Cuir-color
from
from
is derived
and
broken
but
it is
from
colors
and
and
purple and
red and
work
a
bit of
choose
accordingto
taste
a
shown
the colors necessary
the
of drabs
direction
crude
as
or
burnt
causes
of
that
colors
native
umber
to
employed
now
;
"
it to take
presented in
raw
roasted
in time
on?
rich,deep
umber
brown.
be
and
case, the
known
"
tint in
would
in
forms
two
Turkey
umber
very
in itself
such
pigment
the native
a
ors"it
fawn-col-
such
suggest,in
with
"
trimmings,
and
saving both
a
useful
umber, called
tints
which
obtain
prove
pigments
produce any desired
would
very
is
reader,
may
and
found
fawn-colors,to
This
tints
ever
kind, how-
colored
molds
be
can
of economy
umber.
as
or
Therefore, we
employment
trade
The
the
on
material
includes
material.
mix
fancy,as drabs, grays,
or
follows,if
in the
of this
house-paintingbeing mostly neutral
positivecolor
way
of the
facts which
to
profitor pleasure.
own
in exterior
may
these
ther,
Continuingthis subjectfur-
seem.
who
black.
yellowand black.
the visual organs
to
directly
we
instructively,
present some
one
black.
yellow and
white and
from
black.
yellowand
white and
quite impracticablein
to
orange-yellow.
choice,presentexamples of
desirable it may
a
and
orange-yellow.
white
from
Tawny color is derived
for his
red and white
orange-yellow.
red and
from
is derived
would,
and
white
from
is derived
Corn-color
valuable
43
yellow.
Cream
We
COLORS,
derived from
color
is derived
Buff
AND
:
first,as
; and
which
the
also
process
These
pig-
HOUSE
44
AND
CARRIAGE
AND
PAINTING,
GRAINING.
ments, used in the productionof any tint of drab
the
color,are
equivalentof
will
give clearer
tints than
the
last-named
colors.
(mixed
with
the way
of
shade
is
w^hich
these
of
yellowishdrab.
be
painting,there
householder
these
colored
select such
his
taste
as
Notwithstanding
"
"
do it.
To
tint,or
which
his
make
to
include
should
letters which
The
list of colored
in
exhaustive
make
mention
necessary
result of
be wanted.
offered of almost
In
every
in house-
use
no
good
to
the trouble
why
reason
and
a
pense
ex-
be
look
here
every
every
how
to
color,hue,
book
a
possiblecombination
of
the
alphabet.
paintsoffered
for sale in the
ordinary paint-shop,is
and, in giving instruction
of those
possible
will prefer
to write
impossibleas
as
is
to learn
productionof
may
dictate.
may
inquiring reader
some
for the
he
conveniences, it
all these
for certain purposes,
order
reach.
the
;
paints to
no
be
sired
de-
give any
used, the
might
inclination
or
our
compose
or
means
would
be
tint in
presented,wherefrom
color,and
own
give rules
shade,
is
that
maybe probable
will
give
colors,especially
as a card showing
own
pigments
color
to
seem
subjecthimself
should
desired
suitable for
shade
will
only caution
than
are
j^aints
tint and
would
mixing
The
tint darker
colored
and
possibletone
umber
raw
of the color may
a
days,when
of
and
drabs,
yellow,and
umber
Turkey
zinc-white)any
or
warm
would
red and
and
be j^roducedby
ordinarily
can
Burnt
white-lead
lest too much
care
black
fawn-
or
which
are
care
as
as
try-store,"
coun-
by
a
any
to what
be taken
must
not,
not
*^
to
rule,within
MIXING
As
of all
before
PAINTS
with
of
literally,
not
"
the
57, wherein
paints is
should
follow
should
an
disappoint,
white-lead
have
to
for the
hand
on
for
paintingthe
exterior
from
the book
a
umber,
will
will
cent., and
matter
he
of his
case
tint
adulterated
will contain
of
the
comparativelypure white
Yet
he
not
as
predicted. Who
the color-maker
The
burnt
colored
the
fifth
color
the
shall bear
burnt
part
tint
learns
umber,
require;
may
or
the
of umber
of
extent
an
be
probability
he
eighty per
of the
mixed
in
coloringwith
the
required,simply change
of the
according to
neutral
pound
will, when
givingthe
done
a
he
the
to
only
requires,and
white, instead
has
shade
or
unfortunately,that
be
drab
in all
result
of pure
pounds
of pure
one
the would-be
dwelling-house. He
be, will
may
a
of
for such
suppose
making
singlepound
produce the
are,
get
the
as
sufficient to
chances
that
:
page
case
the
and
at hand
hundred
a
of
purpose
that, in
be
In
adulteration
below,
example
in the
drop
Chapter VIII,
reason
may
For
a
ing-matter,
color-
comparatively.
to
directions
excuse
as
extreme
for the
the written
outcome.
color-mixer
but
and
common
quantity of
base, is
is called
set forth ; and
unexpected
the
the
course,
attention
45
is the staple
zinc-wliite.,
and
light-colored
oil-paints,
this connection
raw
COLORS.
said, white-lead,or
compared
bucket
AND
lead
to
book,
and
the
blame
a
dirtywhite.
the
"
result
the book
is
or
?
pigments
Turkey umber,
raw
used
blue
tintingwith
Turkey umber,
red, chrome-yellowand
blue, Prussian
in
the
Indian
white
are'
netian
red, Ve-
marine
yellow ochres, ultra-
(which is a deep purple),burnt
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
46
sienna,and
Italian
Italian sienna.
raw
transparentcolors,so called,as
are
blue, and
umber,
give almost
any
one
contrast
of
use
will
Good
or
red.
to
be
can
By
darker
more
repeat, the
to
desired,of
addition
the
shades
cornices
and
will
zinc-wliite,
or
the
result,and
with
the
had
almost
effects
are
and
cold
too
with
neutral
some
other
tints
rich red
for
brown
"
colors
of
red,
produced
so
introduction
the
in moderate
such,
"
to the
apply
greenish to please the
produced by
colors
decidedlypositive
for
body-color,by
rule will
trimming
more
trimmings, which
and
same
warm
of
be
may
a
umber, only that yellow drabs, instead
the
will be
latter named
tlie umbers, Prussian
are
entirelyin harmony
Not
raw
be
These
into wliite-lead
tint that
molds
the
on
analogy.
drab
two
or
will be
shades
mixed
is,tending
; that
umber,
GRAINING.
verdigris.
Burnt
tone
AND
PAINTING,
and
of
quantity,in
example,
this
as
eye.
some
contrast
Indian
red
or
practiceis hereby
recommended.
Eaw
or
sienna
buff.
Burnt
undesirable
gives,with white, a soft,clear
sienna,with white, produces
chelle ochre," with
white-lead,produces
desired,and
most
to be
clear
yellow-brown of
straw-color used ; the
and
pure
the
and
sweet
all the tones
of
of
pink
in
fugitive. Indian
in interior
blue, from
painting.
red will
was
"Eo-
tone, from
the
to
once
Prussian
an
of tints
range
pigments thus produced will
in color not
for walls
a
ochre-pigment up
white-lead,a peach-blossomcolor, which
color
a
ochre, that is,the genuine
Yellow
hue.
straw-color
the
palest
prove
rable,
du-
give,with
a
favorite
blue
gives
purple to the lightest
sky-blue.
MIXING
white
and
in
when
Pure
mass.
when
in
bronze-green,
and
ship
vessel
When
Ten
of
pounds
lead,
and
Venetian
will
for
used
blues
are
and
the
mode
head
does
mostly
of
of
of
Prussian
as
its
should
two
white,
a
be
blue.
be
Carriage-Painting."
to
a
dark
after
posure
ex-
and
and
salt-water.
follows
as
of
pure
purer,
called.
pink
which
carmines
their
set
clearer
and
:
white-
so
sunlight.
fully
for
proof
watercrack
mixed
the
of
The
found
on
in
but,
eye,
unrivaled
impure
to
glazing-colors,
will
the
light,
an
range
much
viewed
puts
pounds
exposed
mind
very
under
drying
produces
when
it
for
specially adapted
chrome-green,
white
application
^*
it
to
non-liability
of
verdigris,
with
is
be
long time
a
of
and
vessel-work
gives,
than
used
property
quickly
very
blue
its
blue
for
because
tenacity
with
hue
in
when
paint,
a
pigment
its
pound
one
red
fade
This
pure
is
as
in
deepens
painting,
and
off,
used
will
with
color
borne
than
building
and
good
a
be
paint
verdigris
and
light.
qualities,
flake
oil
and
the
to
the
upon
is
will
the
verdigris
French
ground
It
47
leaf-green,
which
country.
with
COLORS.
clear
a
pea-green,
the
dried
AND
white
a
in
coloring
darker
the
)'ellow
houses
wooden
that
with
gives
Verdigris
PAINTS
marine
Ultra-
light
lakes
peculiarities
forth
under
CHAPTER
IMPORTAKT.
would
Heat
of
drying
surface
remain
fresh
which
70"
showing
the
of
In
of
drying
the
number
the
to
of
Because
to
dry
to
a
a
of
coat
burning
a
paint
package,
time
will
of
heat
and
reason
in
minutes
the
Therefore,
colors
which
atmosphere,
or
dry
too
exact
by
it
shall,
and
quickly
not
of
must
dry
of
course.
expect
the
same
ing
compound-
qr^ickly enough
harden
under
be
may
not
exposing
difiiculty
for
tion
propor-
moderation,
one
freezing
necessary
which
to
proposition,
five
or
in
days
a
in
be
Paints
and
under
required
put
atmosphere
days
applied
will
trial.
an
for
oil-paint
foregoing
heat.
winter
the
degrees
within
preparing
and
under
the
first
of
of
This,
exposed.
continue
freshly-
which
under
the
conditions,
severest
hours
twelve
when
time
of
the
to
in
A
plants.
atmospheric
length
even,
short,
of
growth
CIES.
AGEN-
indispensable
as
power
certain
a
ATMOSPHERIC
BY
a
will
coat
a
the
in
as
temperature.
in
for
heat,
state
same
be
Job,
a
hard
dry
to
under
soft
and
of
will
as
will,
patience
AFFECTED
seem
oil-paints
painted
the
AS
PAINT
"
VII.
in
summer
the
taining
con-
heats.
PAINT
and
will be understood
of
of
the
the
that
portion
been
under
and
fresh
any
not
the average
or
no
in the
absence
of
sportsman,
disgustedand
account
Mr.
miss
for
of whom
it if it
I aimed
were
the
of
fact
cold
air
had
soft
as
this
self-constituted
attempt to
of the
teach
than
worse
radishes out-o'-doors
hailed with
to
a
general
grandmother
our
plants will
as
not
grow
wanting.
we
read,said,in
farmer
highly-incensed
shoot
attemptingto
Farmer,
Yet,
tion
Examina-
where
heat, so will paint not dry readily
of Iieatis
certain amount
The
as
doubt, be heard.
would,
a
query
a
we
or
be
Some
of derision.
shout
Should
should
in
came
desire to make
producingmind
climate,we
and
atmosphere was
though
raise lettuce
cold
or
portionwhich
We
a
placed
were
draft
the
applied.
therein.
farming
winter
whereas
wayfaring man,
err
the
to
under
revealed
exposure
actness
ex-
painted
unheated
entered,
of the colder
follyof attempting to
our
surfaces
the
the
or
with
room,
painted surface.
exposed
first
when
as
painter,may
in
the
dry ;
the action
plainthat
so
not
and
quite hard
was
These
of
experiments
this purpose,
steam-heated
a
day followingthe
the
on
portionof
a
49
heat,
view to ascertain
adjoining apartment
with
contact
of
certain
by
opening through which
an
air of
influence
For
Fahr.
70"
a
case.
exposed, in
were
temperature
near
in the
facts
the
surfaces
writer,with
the
by
conducted
the
to
is demonstrated
heat,
GENCIES.
A
appreciated. The sensitiveness
surfaces
freslily-painted
absence
A TMOSPHERIC
BY
AFFECTED
AS
a
so
as
calf !"
his
who
Now,
we
called
prizecalf,
to hit it if it
were
would
to
answer
"
a
him
You
a
to
see,
deer, and
like to make
FA
LVT
A
weather
cold
boards
shall
painting
should
have
to
to
is
ask
of
written
TMOSPHERIC
be
sins
plainly-
heat,
the
of
and
be
natural
shall
ignorance,
not
is, unfortunately,
if
or
be
a
common
To
shall
artificial
a
or
sin.
is,
in
;
made
be
vening
inter-
advice
possible,
carelessness,
directions.
5 1
the
Our
performed,
paint
written
while
to,
perfect.
either
GENCIES.
clap-boards
or
alluded
smooth
always
of
A
weather-
before
that
the
bear
neglect
what
70"
of
A
alternate
appearance
atmosphere
we
BY
that
the
present
that
AFFECTED
S
the
wise
an
and
goat
scapeful
will-
above
CHAPTER
VIIL
HOUSE-PAINTIIs^G.
EXTERIOK
The
with
contrast
interior
green
mania
white
for
Apropos
this
to
since,
of
have
is
lin
eye
supposed
the
to
the
of
impression
in
be
of
especial
is
in
itself
paint
and
newness
a
the
color
it
to
because
a
recommendation.
house,
the
in
and,
;
The
of
of
is
before
its
which
No
one
giving
with
person
first
some
States,
white-lead
because
is
posed,
sup-
ber
num-
United
than
a
fully
we
greater
the
preservative
partly
of
generally
used
ever.
of
is
partly
generally
for
more
than
even
parts
white,
better
a
all
that
outside
building.
the
to
"Architecture
beholding
on
its
no
of
itself,
wished
be
for
now,
the
color
form
white
taste
to
his
importance
painted
white
respect),
this
The
:
makes
been
in
discordant
dead
better
return
may
in
for
devoutly
Downing,
receives
form
is
green
country-houses,
hitherto
(though
it
and
more
to
the
our
away.
''
color
comprehend
A
says
next
the
the
cases,
passing
and
is of
country-house
impression
and
subject.
try-Houses,"
exteriors
white
for
window-blinds,
prevails,
extent,
Coun
is
painting,
some
the
fondness
extreme
colors
other
of
the
an
worst
ance
appear-
many
of
sons
per-
taste,
HOUSE-PAINTING.
EXTERIOR
gives the subjectthe
who
; and
white
houses
given
the
upon
them
good
taste.
of
mistake
the
guilty of
few
painting or
are
moment's
thought,that
first
house
a
of
one
surface
of the
soft green
the
a
Our
landscapes.Nothing
white.
It stands
of th3
avoid
any
scene.
harshly apart
Hence
the introduction
them, instead, some
contrasts
which
equallywith
seems
instead of
to blend
beinga
the
colored
broad
to relieve them
that
everywhere
of the
earth.
nize
harmo-
not
to
destroybreadth
size and
considerable
a
the effect of rural
much
so
be
to
it does
thereby mars
tends
object of
as
grateful to
the surface
is,that
white
country,and
of tone
them
most
with
country
needs, in
shades
soft,refreshing
objectionto
the
with
the
trees,the grass, and
the
second
from
his eyes away
it
It is absolutely
most
one
side
days when
in the
refreshingand
of
it is too
has covered
to man,
eye
urge
the sunny
country-housesappear
our
turn
glimpseof
pervade
his
meets
once
must
anything more
its color.
purityof
never
great a breach
approach
oppositeprinciple
; and
very
sunshine, to
by
at
of
Many
eye.
on
hue,
to
full of kindness
that
have
we
brilliant midsummer
our
revels in the fashionable
painful. Nature,
who
many
know
scarcely
eye than
to the
on
so
objectionto white is,that
glaringand conspicuous. We
of
coloringcountry-
arguments againstso
Our
uncomfortable
consideration,
is,however,
yet, there
subjecta
a
least
b'6
all the
from
of brilliant
soft
shades
always studiously
landscape-painters
of white
neutral
in their
tint
"
a
and give
buildings,
tint which
the color of the trees and
into other
discordant
partsof
note
in the
natural
unites
or
grass, and
landscape,
generalharmony."
in
Wordsworth,
Lakes,"
remarks
large spots
He
"It
is
in
warrant
be
by day
with
beauty, and
blazoningof
the
whereon,
beauty
by night
of every
It must
lavish
hues
color
she has
hand,
and
Nature,
we
proportion. The
of
fact that
of
canopy
azure
why
the base of
roof
sky-blue.
no
placein
the reason,
abundance,
rival.
coed
above, fresof loveliness
stars
the
; to
the gorgeous
us
and
a
scape
land-
shade,
the natural
our
of
and
in kind
in the vernal
season,
Nature,
above
house
a
In
fact,these
the external
if for
and
It should
of
a
be
of itself good
colors should
Nature
purity that
be remembered
of
art
that
son
rea-
little
building,for
exhibits
can
a
a
have
all
and
painted green,
ornamentation
other, that
no
feet,and, at
our
us, is not
should
tion
disposi-
houses,either
spreadsa carpetof livinggreen beneath
or
urably
meas-
the tiniest leaf."
to copy
are
of colors in the decoration
the
has
painted forms
tint
and
hue,
teriors
ex-
structi
not, however, be supposed that, in seekinginfrom
times, a
arch
She will show
sunset.
his
structi
go to her for in-
we
morning twilight,and
summer
with
If
myriads of
with
the
for
matters, should
shapes and
penciledwith exquisitetouches
or
in
paintingwhich
to the yaulted
thousand
tints of the
of white
use
in
instructor.
point us
a
of the
in such
Nature, which,
guide and
our
cool,gray
color
a
writer,in
The
of Nature.
of Puritanism
kind
a
she will
and
as
insurmountable.
landscapes are
"House-Painting," says
on
:
no
in
masses
or
of the
Scenery
white
objectionsto
the
disturbs the repose
eye, and
book
that
The
*'
on
GRAINING.
destroysthe gradationsof distance,haunts
it
says
little volume
a
AND
PAINTma,
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
54
them
hardly hope
buildingis not,
in
to
as
EXTERIOR
before
said, in
formal
lines and
and
any
sense
any
is to
with its
The
the
hide,
or
of the
in
^Miow
not
becomes
colors
view
?
fitted and
The
as
The
as
appearances
tints
or
may
to
and
color which
exhibited
and
in exterior
tones
most
white
the
as
What
house
means,
covered, or
question of
it
settled;and
paint,and
we
what
ing
house-paint-
will remain
case
in
ance,
abey-
important.
now
of color called
neutral,or
greenish-browns.
Two
painting,as
three
or
contrast
juxtapositionwith
tral,
semi-neu-
buffs, cream
for exterior
by
which
for exterior
of the
either
"
it is
when
shall
white
a
foliage?
suitable
suitable
ing.
house-paint'^
be considered
only are
latter
ask, exultingly,
may
present purposes,
view
harmonize,
in
and
harmony
exceptingthe
"
drabs,fawn, stone-colors,
grays,
olive-drabs
not
generallandscape.
white
ask. How
most
economical
clay colors,are
be
For
?
paint"
to
the
better than
important
are
with
of green
mass
a
looks
from
try-house
coun-
any,
it into
bring
country landscape than
a
from
out
simply,AVhat
hidden
good features,if it have
of white
advocate
better
displays,
largely
most
building conspicuous,but
its defects ; to
as
object,
theory in painting a
is not admissible
"
The
natural
a
Nature
treated
primarycolors,red, blue,and yellow,and
quantity
peeping
its
colors,black
extreme
looks
the
its
artificial to tlie last degree,
as
true
surroundings,and
use
in small
render
with
object,but,
it appear
colors
The
55
circumstances, be
to make
such
; to enhance
diminish,
all
attempt
is ridiculous.
obtrusive
angles,is
under
by paintingit with
natural
a
severe
must,
; and
such
HOUSE-PAINTING.
or
tones
and
also
of
analogy,may
good effect; and
this
AND
HOUSE
56
CARRIAGE
coloring exteriors
being
art of
The
broken
and
uniform, unvarying tint,
one
combining
colors with
simple
the
small
a
is
of color
consulted
a
natural
to what
as
and
circumstances
is
judgment
by
is
good
parts of
"
;
and,
country, to
The
occurred
that it is not
reason
most
and
"
is not
of the
what
colored,are
chance
of
the
to
tion
percepbe
must
depends
mental
upon
sanity,
*^all looks
yellow
cumstanc
cir-
favorable
most
tired
tints
of
scores
rules
commonly
to the
"House-Painting,"
on
various colored
people,from
for,and
used
an
in
dealers
be.
exceptionand
to
ing.
house-paint-
attempt
do not
applicants,
probably for
that
all
nite
give defi-
to
pigments necessary
of such
generallyknown
purports to
The
of the eye becomes
his book
furnish
paint sold by
it
are
color-impressions.
difficulties in the way
to have
seem
or
tones
the
many,
sensitive
eye alone
much
as
under
appliedto by
of, the
quantities
produce the
but,
organism
certain
has been
the
the
as
infallible,
means
no
publicationof
Since the
writer
by
;
not
are
the
mankind
color-blind.
gift,and
the delicate
the
with
among
impossiblewith
conditions,as bodilyand
jaundiced eye
exercised
adept, is
which
"
when
other, and
proportion of
color-impressionsi. e., they are
to the
each
an
uninitiated,and
fact that not
the
to
possessedof perceptivefaculties
its
custom
by-gones.
colors, so
mysteriesto
from
the
"
white, to produce the various hues, tones, shades,
and
black
the
among
with
GRAINING.
fashion
the
styleof painting is,happily,now
of
AND
PAINTING,
much
"
the
perhaps
throughout the country
Pure
not
paints,whether
the rule ; that
gettingpure paint,as compared
with
white
is,the
the chance
EXTERIOR
of
HOUSE-PAINTING.
material,is small
gettinga highly-adnilterated
is not
the
yarious
worst.
what
of the
Many
they purport
without
materials
of the
any
be, but
to
rules
instruct
whereby to
combining colors,let
that
say
with
pound,
one
hundred
one
produce
a
coloringthe
instead
or
that
the
so
darker
the
and
to be
property.
In
be the result ;
by mixing
shown
white.
to
and
the
on
In
In
any
one
and,
good materials,and
few
suppose,
genuine,the lead,
as
case,
same
the
head
would
the best
facts will, perhaps, serve
lead
pound,
or
four
times
to be
pure,
lost almost
other,almost
results
shade
dirty gray
with
a
wholly a fictitious article,
to have
a
quarter that
this
give a
suppose
one
fictitious materials,but
good
painting,
Now,
with
no
to the
be
its
coloring
brown
or
would
effect would
hundred
event, the failure would
his devoted
umber
suitable for
is only one
mix
to be
in the
the
and
would
; or,
reduced
the
To
umber,
pure
much
Turkey
raw
house.
a
same
zinc.
or
coloringmaterial
so
in the art
It is easy to
will be
as
being pure
of the
is wanted
than
of
set of
white-lead,or zinc,will
such
of
furnishinga
To
materials
cheapened by adulterating
tintingpower
pounds, of
two
surface
much
white-lead
of pure
or
be
the
uninitiated
pounds,
drab,
articles
under
not, except in
supposed.
of pure
pounds
exterior
of both
zinc,to
two
of pure
tone
that
ticles,
wholly fictitious ar-
of
the
be
case
a
or
; and
propertiesof the genuine.
illustrate the difficulties in the way
formal
sold
umber, siennas,etc.,are
as
names,
name,
of
57
pounds
be
of the
attributed,not
author
of the rule ;
fall all the blame.
possibleonly by
are
are
more
the
use
always the cheapest.
fullyto
of
A
illustrate the
EXTERIOR
for siicli ijurjiose
reference
"
of
ease
red
exhibited,for
not
liable to
measure,
for exterior
different
with
in the
with
a
It is not
No
*^
be
with
white.
almost
claim
of the
colors
are
example
tinted
when
of
than
their
also,that
color
have
under
these colors
they are
through
which
the
mixed
more
with
one
or
the tones
than
are
more
the
meant
those
Any
and
per
se, is
of the
most
zinc.
The
of color
by
actual
fading influence
homogeneous,
before
entirelyan
colors
the
under
produced
coloringnative pigments
shown
the white
pared
com-
climate.
permanent
mixed
test to best
of
sunlight;
for the
the
mill, and, consequently,become
"
"
the
are
incorporated
the mixture
been
being
under
our
red, which,
more
are
those
; because
ordinaryway
used
are
to
permanent they
white-lead
with
apt
fugitiveby admixture
Venetian
:
used
entirelypermanent.
connection, is
rendered
a
sample-card.
unchanged
absolutelyunchangeable, becomes
only are
that
this
the eifect
a
pigments,however
by themselves,are
For
in
are,
produced by tintingwith white.
the weather-influences
retain
on
bright sunshine
is,that ready-madecolors
in the
colors
colors,
large masses,
shown
remain
can
colors,"in
are
fugitivecolors
salmon
color,too, are
in
seen
these
color
all of the natural-colored
may
when
that
compound
colors which
such
of
tones
patch of color
claimed
compound
and
objectionas white, when
same
them,
small
pink
bility,
dura-
economy,
of color.
tone
that
reason
to
result,to disappoint;
bleachinginfluence
By
the
the
and
grays,
painting. These
deceive,and,
so
and
59
had
being
working, and purity of
Bright blue
are
HOUSE-PAINTING.
reason
paint passes
more
oughly
thor-
integralportion of
in small
quantity
not
spread
them
with
task
painterthe
the
to
an
of
supposing the
before
exception,and
the yarious
produce
not universal
tlie writer
rule.
good
who
those
to
who
any
of
That
if
only
coloring-matterrequiredis added,
tones
the
same,
and
use
tints
the
are
of the very
any
to be at
are
of color is
painting,
only from
since the
the
merous
nu-
publication
forms
whereby
colors may
be able
shade.
are
mixed
the
there
in
exact
is
They
many.
no
largequantities
quantity of
waste.
The
purest possible,
being produced by
best
being compounded
and
of
always the
art of
for rules and
they are
as
shade
or
shades
ready-made colors
by steam-power, and,
skillful
a
skill necessary
the
compounding
economical, because
to
is not
such
desired tone, tint, or
advantages
more
in
thinned
be
materials
proper
know,
mentioned,
unskilled
are
produce
The
are
before
that
professthe
to
reason
sistency
con-
or
both.
received by him,
applications
of the book
thickness
tones, tints,and
those
among
has
the
the
to
come
colors
unsophisticated
said, pure,
not
requisiteto
they
fact
but
readilyprocurable;
or
oil
desired tint
any
in
ground
require to
of the
aware
producing
easy one,
for, as
case,
same
is well
writer
The
hand,
the
or
linseed-oil,
turpentine,or
raw
color is
that
ground white-lead,and
as
with
quantityof
about
of color.
tones
paints are
paint-brush
;
painterof
of the
hands
a
these
the
with
tliinned
and
GRAINING,
been, heretofore,
has
as
same;,
that
understood
It will be
*but
oil,
the
producingtints
of
generalmode
the
using
of
the moment
at
AND
PAINTING,
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
60
materials.
by rule,and
additional
They
are
always the
always in
requiredquantityof
like proportions,
the
same
EXTERIOR
color may
tlie
readilyobtained.
be
owner
taste before
Referringto
ray is
the work
that, of
and
the
be
always
It
obtrusive
as
would
never
it is exhibited
in
of its
decidedly
yellowishtone
apt
white, and
always in
either in the
with
green
with
its
which
blinds
all
criticism
;
of
expressions
two
houses
all to be
in
are
their
colors which
criticism.
A
almost
the
result
than
landscape,
yellow house
in
and
itself,
the
only color
shades
of green
persons
who
can
no
well-
taste,have
by
entirely
the
cided
de-
stronger-mindedneighbors. To
recommend,
are
villageshould
painted well.
of
controlled
so
be
Exterior
in
the
house-painting,
neutral
entirely
Varietyis,however,
a
the
with
timid
in matters
who,
writer would
of those
must,
less obtrusive
all the
communities,
grounded opinions,but
use
becomes
of brown.
are, in
the
wanted,
perfectlyharmonious
perfectlywith
to
one
yellowishcolors,
season.
surroundings; yellowbeing
There
such
harmony
winter
or
is
harmonizes
not bear
better
vernal
all the shades
and
is
disappoint. It is,however,
to
lead
will
Caution
selection of the
tance,
dis-
by
promise,and
largemasses.
for,unless
is
strongly
There
would
sample
used
a
may
yellow
diminished
neutralize.
therefore,be
in the
the
impressmost
least
to
the
short
comes
which
except white, yellowis,from
difficult
of it than
hue
or
colors wherein
the
power,
most
more
expect.
writer
all the colors
strong reflective
tone
furnished,and
are
shall be commenced.
of those
use
predominant,the
the fact
its
the
61
Samples
select tlie exact
may
his
13lease
HOUSE-PAINTING.
most
as
arm
to dis-
and
desirable,
no
painted alike,supposing
house-paintingaffords
a
HOUSE
62
AND
CARRIAGE
should, in
man
every
his
from
there
of
has
which
custom
color,is
of
member
color,
its
pervade
the
heretofore much
not
but
whole,
of the
some
lesser
building should
present
yellow tint,showing
for
which
look
of every
hue.
"
from
brightesthue
the
of the
It accords
It is
pine.
glaring,like
in
when
white
a
"
admirably with
of the willow
winter
circumstances, liable to the
viewed
For
reflective power
in
large masses,
of
to
principal
light
very
a
same
of green
masses
of the greens,
any
and
"
green
but
not
agreeable,
particularly
It is not
mended
recom-
conspicuous object in
by
trees
"
present
drabs
the
being,under
such
wliite.
The
objectionsas
yellow causes
buildingsso exposed,the
by foliage
tint,sunny
landscape.
is
house
A
be
the
as
to the darkest
harmonious,
unscreened
landscape,isolated,
strong
rule, the
public through
warm,
color
same
a
bright,cheerful
a
bare,
the
As
or
will best
concealed
partially
are
the
out upon
the
That
to hide
less of the red ray, is suitable
or
which
paintinghouses
be desirable
of
its distinctive
have
lightestshade.
the
more
generaltone
should
each
Every
its individual
One
buildings.
principal,building.
or
homestead,
one
have
size.
it may
accomplished by painting such
main,
should
and
form
own
color
prevailed,
namely,
to be honored.
custom
a
color, except where
diminish
ently
differ-
necessityfor uniformity.
no
of structures
group
it has
as
should
a
exists
belongingto
buildings,
of
paintinggroups
of uniform
particular,
express himself
some
neighbors.Fortunately,the alphabetof
is inexhaustible,so
The
GRAINING.
and
expressionof individuality,
the
good opportunity for
AND
PAINTINO,
this
color,when
a
staringappearance.
or
gray
tints
are
pref-
EXTERIOR
erable.
These
the
well
the
eye
will
they
education, and
reside at
be
greateror
of
population
"
this
of constant
with
ing
paint-
ever
theory,how-
ing
properlycombin-
and
ornamental
from
alone
must
be
useful
poses.
pur-
practice and
consulted
to
as
less distances
from
have
instruction
of houses
the
who
largercenters
called ; and
with
that
his
practicein
of
such
littleplaintalk before
a
or
cluding
con-
forty-seven
years
this
matter
invests
becoming
of
things,present,
weather-boards,clapboards,moldings,and
less of
or
sap, and
imperfectionsin
resinous
sap, which
exudations.
hardens
atmosphere,and
less
tion
convic-
charge of vanity or presumption.
more
pine-treeis the
the
of this resinous
gum-resin"
in
of
way
surfaces must, in the nature
plain work,
outside
impression or
of offering
privilege
advice,without
in exterior
or
suggestions,as
mainly to, owners
experienceand
Pine-wood
to the
the
country-houses,so
to the
knots, and
the
chapter,assuming
the
obnoxious
resin
art of
come
affect,in
the writer would
owners
*^
No
must
be, are given under
may
that
this
for exterior
foregoingdirections,theories,or
case
more
the
yellow ray
good.
The
him
the
blinds.
green
decorative
knowledge
observation,and
suitable
teach
tints for
and
-Such
the
with
elucidated,can
colors
63
color,too, wherein
only ones
harmonize
which
is
of
tones
predominates,are
what
HOUSE-PAINTING.
is
painting,which
solution
to
dead
wood
substance.
as
of
ure
expos-
always retains
Unfortunately,
the
dissolve
certainly
will, in turn,
way
life of the
turpentine on
incompatiblewith
will
The
the
oil used
for
it ; and
the
certainlydestroy the
is,no
This
paint.
tliere
fortunatel}^,
it.
on
(The
doubt,
work
requestedto
subjectin Chapter IX,
this
state of
bad
a
is in outside
is
reader
AND
PAINTING,
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
64
GRAINING.
things; and,
good remedy
no
heading of
the
under
for
is said
what
carefully
note
un-
^^New
System," etc.)
so-called
The
in the
it proves
and
the knots
them.
Time,
of
practiceof
action
that
the way
the
of
evil in
good
wood,
also renders
destruction
The
before
season
The
and
Avhich had
lessen
the
carpenterwith
the
the
This
surface, and
only
in
more
corrugates
eats out the
innocuous
much
tendency to
of
durability
is, to
brush
not
thing
applied,some-
of Time
natural
builders
the
corrodes,roughens,
tooth
a
The
painting;
much
it does
and
;
best it may.
rid of it.
through.
smooth
cure
a
pine-wood to
new
weather
inactive
practiceamong
common
follow
one
winter
and
as
well
certainly
expose
and
sun
this slow process.
be borne
question,but
results.
contained
the
all efforts to conceal
to wait
care
for
hold, to clingto.
and
pine
; for
entire
an
proves
thereby giving the paint,when
same,
to
the
is,to
and
oxidizes,the planed
the
is
old house
of the weather-forces
remedies
the
not
the evil must
summer
applied to
work
elements,will certainly
the writer
is,one
work,
spiteof
to
which
application,
exterior surfaces
does
cases
an
this
but
that
reason
evil it is intended
the
interior
on
on
every house-owner
owner
for the
shellac-varnish is sometimes
the
and
In such
The
than
will reveal these spots in
heat
remedy,
no
pitchy places;
used
when
failure
is
worse
moderately well
serves
but
end
coatingof
A
cure.
remedy
and
the
have
pot,
that
hasten
paint.
the
so
A
painter
that
the
EXTERIOR
wood
is
be coated
may
done,
the wood
to
attempt
wicker
the
breadth,
be, the
may
it may
be
and
coats of
has
lived
doors
fervor
of
said,the
the
a
We
the
that
paints
should
free
are
to
the
paintsbecause
conviction
just the
same
that
as
if
mospher
at-
doors
soon
the
burning
to
lize
crystal-
hot
iron
what
has been
painting,with
know,
as
rule,
a
have
houses, to
as
possible;
last to
and
nothing
had
will
ever
a
deprecate
confess, however, that
owner
to
results
satisfactory
build
be
closed
der
un-
cool
in
of the facts herein
the
the
moister
hope
or
We
who
carpenter as
how
to the
From
house.
those
case
vanity to hope
diminution
anticipateany appreciable
of
house
the
for in the first outside
practiceis,with
this custom.
rest in
the
well
!
be drawn
wooden
new
of
As
dimensions
may
looked
painterfollow
not
and
what
this,,
!
the
rattlingopenness
increasingits bulk,
conclusion
manufacturer
do
of
sunshine
without
of
oil-colors,
the
to
furnace-fire
view
summer
to be
not
that
of the
contractingits
without
shrink
and
In
our
hair's-
one
house,
tightnessin
to
a
paint. Every man
furnace-heated
a
with
pine-wood,though
shrinkage of pine-wood exposed
water
are
in
will swell
heat
windows.
arrest the
Niagara
Every hygrometric
heavy with successive
of summer,
and
soft wood.
well
as
may
lessen,in
prevent, or
of dead
dry
One
of
dimensions
soft-wood
the
to
waters
This
shrinkageof
atmosphere increases,or lessens,as
bulk
who
knows,
the
theory,truly.
shrinkage of
in the
change
leaves it.
view to lessen
rushing
hope
to
as
65
the hammer
as
a
the
arrest
dam
soon
absurd
most
a
"
as
with
doubt,
no
HOUSE-PAINTING.
the
given.
paint his
been
we
sumption
con-
We
new
said to
EXTERIOR
acquisitionsin
their
of
their
of
learning as
do,
theory that
heretofore
been
trade ; and
the
colors, mixed
colors
the
the
results
speak
we
in
to
use
These
becoming
converts
them
of
vexatious
fade
not
reader
will
what
part of
their
before
has
their
that
eyes
quicklyas
so
the
the
business
and
have
we
have
to
for
in mind
colors
"mixed
experience
"
they gravitateto
who
men
"put
essay
natural
their
best
give the
; and
to avoid
have
learned, by
will
mixtures
what
do
moment
who
by responsibleparties,
so-called
without
and
; and
understand, once
of these colors
to
to the
not
the
upon
the
by partiesirresponsible,
ignorant,without
market
and
frequent every day
and
of
objectionsare,
white-lead, at
experience,what
what
"
and
know,
constantlybefore
The
same.
thousand-and-one
tion
educa-
ing
paint-mak-
level of
agents
or
life-insurance,
wnnging-machines.
In
selectinga paint,it
purchaser
as
blow, and
called
to
distrust
they
are
will be
claimants
thrust
upon
safe,as
for
the
rule,for
a
favor
just
public by
bluster.
"rubber
the
tus," or
Fortunatelyfor
paints" do
not
contain
"fire-proof"paints do
other
the
substance.
fire-proof
not
in
the
portion
pro-
loud
advertisements, high-sounding titles,and
windy
and
is
knowledge
relieve
aforesaid,do
long enough
practiceand
for
colors
paints manufactured
been
fast
are
drudgery
proof
as
when
all,that
less
by tintingwith
made
using
the
of
way
pride.
less and
ready-made
67
dexterity.To
proper
paintersthemselves
the
the
manual
just and
is their
however, becoming
of
HOUSE-PAINTING.
and
brag,
purchaser,the
any
"caoutchouc,"
contain
"Good
so-
any
wine
"asbes-
needs
no
HOUSE
C8
AND
"
bush
and,
;
is devoid
it is
hundred
rule,stuff
offered for sale to the
real value
No
advertised.
extensively
thousand
GRAINING.
dealer
his business
dollars
a
To
back
come
in the
house
or
to
^*
our
should
be,
coloring;
bad
by
a
In
this
proper
plain talk."
We
first
and
defects
eye
alone
may
of course,
of
be
must
in colors
be
be
the
in
granted because
is
the
In
good.
colors,an
or
body
of
ounce
therewith
must
or
not,
"
ing
contrast; but
this
not be taken
for
where
The
writer
does
theoryand
color
the
matter
to his
or
that
reason
theory,no
promulgated.
the
novel
will be
for the
extremes^and
and
practice,
of any
any converts
main
to harmonize
made
tints.
theory. Any tint,hue,
of
for
hidden,
fact ; and
to what
with
the
spoiled
well-chosen
not, under
as
the
from
be
may
what
certainty,
consulted
pound
selected
discovered
by whom,
or
can
paintingexteriors
a
painting is,
lessened,or
anticipatethe
not
can
positivecolors,or
colors may
will be
be
may
proposed arrangement,
practiceis worth
shade
beauties
of well-selected
exhibition
any
The
cornices,
rather
imj^ression
conditions, say, with
this matter
make
and
skillful composer
effect of
a
suppose
prime importance,because
Architectural
work, fancy
untried
and
of
Quack-medicine
year.
ornamental.
of
his
the form.
color than
by
and
matter
a
will receive
beholder
the
specie,
country, presentingexteriorly
pine-wood
less elaborate
or
most
in
portion
pro-
to the extent
boards, clapboards,moldings, trimmings,
more
public
just in
intrinsic worth
or
advertised
AND
do that.
venders
new
PAINTING,
coin, ever
true
two
a
of any
as
or
as
CARRIAGE
and
not
when,
hope
ta
practiceof presenting
EXTERIOR
surface
pine-wood
the
for
a
the
the
is,that
when
main
will
and
colors,both by
or
of the
use
the
by
with
brown
can
of
use
be
a
produced by
number.
For
the
a
harmonize,
of course,
the
color than
or
red
third
color
compared
The
will be
as
a
"
Indian
red,
contrast
at
of
outside
least,one
week
"
a
Better
than
warm
effects
with
a
because
These
would
alike.
they are
much
darker
neutral
brown,
red, producing
is recommended.
"
less
tint for the main
Tuscan
or
tone,
in small
The
quantity,
its neighbors.
rapidlyin
better
words, by
darker
trimmings.
be exhibited
must, however,
with
colors
instance,'
a rich
for
give the
companion-
other
and
third, different,
succeeding coats
other too
stand,
of
the
drab.
neutral
a
by analogy,or
harmony by
a
neutral
of three
use
mings,
the trim-
contrastingcolor,as
or
a
in
colors,
the selected
will
body-colorof
tint for the
others
brown,
thereby
as
darker
introduction
The
the
or
two
Having
what
practice,
for
for this
reason
experiment with
instance,suppose
color,with
plying
ap-
selected
putting on
analogy ;
as
different
The
applicationof
and
cold gray
a
in
may
in the
color
same
strongly
dry before
the color
purposes.
actual
contrast
"
color.
time
good
out, in
find
time to
color
one
house, one
pleasingeffects
most
the
all
serve
impress most
wood
body
or
weather-forces,
dry wood, then, give a coatingof
it is useless to waste
the main
on
the
all.parts,of
the
"
one
tint
To
69
of tlie
he would
givingthe
of
paint.
paint to
the finish
to tlie action
unpainted ; but
year,
importance
thin
HOUSE-PAINTING.
^before the
"
paint should
painting. The
ten
days,or
of
application
not
follow
each
first coat should
even
two
the second
weeks,
coat ;
and,
if
given
third
is to be
between
the
a
as
dark
of yery
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
70
include
both
applied,tlie
building,exposed
to the direct
the
the
at
and
heat-rays,
surface
wooden
the rays of
bright summer
our
and
warp,
heated
becomes
to
the
affected,and
are
shingle-roofs
specially
of the
because
buildingsdo
dark-colored
hard
As
warn
any
avoid
what
does
owner
to
has
be, there
they claim
not want
;
is fraud
on
oil of flaxseed
for
and,
be
leaky
Very
well with
lightertint,and
a
the
so
come
be-
st3de of painting is
would
most
other
and
emphatically
his
as
external
if
they are
a
can
for
vehicle
a
these
what
pounds
com-
the house-
not what
they claim
the business.
of
the way
use, to
own
compounds which
be, they are
to
the face of
Nothing
and
durability
moment
compare
medium
for
every
with
preparing |
house-painting. Linseed-oil paints I
good enough, and,
vanityto
so
Red
sun.
ever-increasing
variety. If
good quality,that
pigments
are
in
yet been discovered,in
other
the
the writer
chemical
the numberless
are
dry and
become
the
purchaserof paints,for
would-be
dailyoffered
are
under
by generalhouse-owners.
partingword,
a
a
Such
therein.
features
better avoided
of
those
do
generallandscapeas
burning
often
harmonize
not
The
heat-force.
the heat from
absorptionof
it will be
the boards
and
shrivel,under
splitand
absorbs
conditions.
almost
sun,
which
sun,
about
other
under
than
use
dark-colored
of the
in and
be
The
reasons
very
action
atmosphere
higher temperature
a
for
A
economy.
should
coatings.
recommended,
and
taste
GRAINING.
time
same
second
first and
is not
colors
AND
PAINTING,
with
or
good enough
looking for something better.
at
hand,
it is
]
[
CHAPTER
NEW
The
SYSTEM
OF
houses
interference
the
fulness.
writer
The
conviction
and
has
accepted practice in
with
of
the
age.
apply
to the
the
use
for many
almost
its
and
plastersurfaces
and
mind
colored
To
which
best
set
needs
proceed
to
well
rid of
into
the
of interior
forth
what
reforming
that
examine
the
hands
it in
and
plasterers,
of
tke
is in
unhealth-
to
these
remarks
in the
speak, of
The
menting,
orna-
the wood
architecture.
the
Suppose
turned
cordance
ac-
improvement
present system
"
painter.
ion
opin-
in
not
perhaps, eliminating
detail.
from
of the
pigments
domestic
there
or,
"
exhales
years,
of
"
universallyado]3tedand
and utilizing,
so
beautifying,
and
our
their
daily routine
house-painting is
in
of
supposed
advancement
borne
of white
of
sities
disagreeableneces-
which
odor
been,
general
it be
Let
interiors
of
process
of
art of
the
the
because
the
that
the
Disagreeable,because
unpleasant
painted surface, and
of
with
orderly
the
costliness,and
the
classed
economy.
with
HOUSE-PAINTIXG.
repainting
properly be
may
of domestic
its
INTERIOR
and
painting
IX.
over
usual
a
by
new
the
mode
let
us
house,
joiners
of
pro-
HOUSE
72
the
ceedingon
surface
CARRIAGE
AND
with
part
of tlie latter
is,to
it is
as
linseed-oil,
repeated; and,
must
elapsebetween
more
to
about
twenty days will
final
complete the
paintingalone
; and
exhales
drying
which
money,
some
the
be
result
been
produced
of
promise
of
less
were
this
week
a
before
and
satisfactory,
and
stability
shall be free from
of
the
ing
gradual harden-
its
a
or
unpleasant
lengthened and
at such
"
less than
by
pass
cost
ous
tedi-
the
face,
sur-
of time
and
there
permanence,
for seeking out
necessity
system which
four
or
in the work
clear of the
paint in
the
a
three
be
not
process,
must
become
If, after
process.
has
gave
would
have
from
operation,the
weeks
produce
must
consumed
have been
many
house-atmospherewill
To
coats, and
drying
proper
flaxseed,or
say three
"
successive
the
a
.
process
days
some
as
wooden
to
oil of
generallynamed.
more
times
or
the
coyer
the
result,this
moderately satisfactory
which
GRAINING.
coating of white-lead,thinned
a
consistencyfor applicationwith
odor
AND
PAINTING,
inventing
or
the evils inherent
to
present one.
It is
system
age of
The
of what
now
comes
pertinentto inquirehow
of what
far short
reasonablybe
may
the
present
demanded
in this
improvement.
soft
pine-wood
is called
the
in
common
wood-work
use
of
in the construction
houses,
our
such
doors,shutters,casings,
base-boards,etc.,presents more
less of knots
and
matter, the
oil used
other
nature
to thin the
the
which
imperfections,
of which
is
is
a
ready solvent
surface.
of the
or
ous
resin-
incompatiblewith
paint for coveringthe
oil,which
contain
as
the
quently,
Conse-
resinous
NEW
SYSTEM
INTERIOR
OF
HOUSE-PAINTING.
matter, ente-rs into combination
and
forming
a
to such
a
conceal
and
the
under
that
the
which
degreeas
these
as
one,
substance
to
depriveit of
demand
increasing
few
a
for such
evil is the
for
years
for
its power
and
prevent the
is
a
dissolvingaction
be
supposed to
time
to
if not
made
remedy
for this
which
shall act
yet
gum-shellac
discovered
; but
of the
action
the
of
paint.
This
sunlight.
oil
before
be
may
by giving a coatingof varnish
but the remedy is not absolute,as
;
of the
oil continues
and
hard
time, to
to
not
to
cation
appli-
one
the eye failed to discover
first coat
are
jected
utterlyre-
dry ;
such
and
to
this
paint
the
to
as
exposed to
For
the
thi^ there
is
paintedsurface.
the
bleachinginfluence
no
is
pair,
imseriously
inheres in the wood
evil,which
the
discolorations appear,
extent
an
after
gradualdarkeningof white-lead paintsthinned
oil,when
zation.
civili-
materials
of
before mentioned
of
destroy,the uniformity
In addition
(to
measure,
paintedsurface
is the
varnish
placeswhich
remedied, in
idly
rap-
resin,and keep them
the
is the best material
the
ing
grow-
the
of
been
substance
because
hardly sufficient,
applicationof
and
common
some
A
discoloration
reveals many
from
The
the oil and
dissolved in alcohol
cover
more
march
have
would
ago
contact.
ment
pig-
to
timber, and
work,
joiner's-
of
interposition
actual
from
white
year, less of choice is left in the
purposes.
shield between
a
the
pine-forests
disappearmore
timber
of
which
used
the
discolors
speciesof vegetation)destructive
selection
the
it,decomposingit,
imperfections.This evil,too, is a
Therefore,every
as
with
73
but
remedy
4
%
to
itself,
with
of direct
dispense
limV
OF
SYSTEM
drying paint,is certainlygood
inquiry:
Can
''
discovered
not
present,and
in the
shall introduce
so
a
the
shall
exclude
what
is
should
its
insure
First in
required,and
with
the least
its
it to
enable
insure
apt
it
under
the
resist the
the
more
and
substance
least
ness
; smoothto it
to preserve
constant
ing
wip-
and elasticity
to
tenacity
and
It must
possiblenumber
homogeneousness
to
and
to
varnish
is
blows,
hard
possess, in
of
the
coats, and
the
give
It must
work.
inheres
good
a
conceal
hiding quality,to
discoloringproperty which
gases,
or
new
than
four
or
other
whatever
pine-wood
a
bility,
dura-
to adhere
and
knocks
exposure.
produce that result.
that
ascertained,is
in the
wood,
either
external influences,
darkening,yellowing,
domestic
to
presented
; sufficient hardness
sufficient
; and
long
uniformity and
and
color
resist accidental
after
all will
generalfavor,and
as
againstcracking,or separating,
to do
good
; which
what
have
we
it to
the unavoidable
degree,body, covering or
wood
that
last to be
possiblecohesion
washing
is bad
banish
foreignsubstances
cause
integrityunder
and
is
speedy and general adoption.
importance,but
surface,to
all that
or
to inquire
what
present practice,
unchangeableness in
of
include
to commend
less
or
for the
cause
this be invented
of all that
most
of the
?"
the
include
more
than
pertinent,now
seem
shortcomingsof
system
sufficient
which
75
unpleasantodor
and
system
readilydispensewith
It would
the
better
system
a
"
HOUSE-PAINTING.
hardly outlive
eye, will
to the
INTERIOR
may
It must
tend
atmosphericagencies
dry
finished
be
fin^edays
"
of
that
or
harden
ready for
so
use
rapidly
in not
is,the succeedingcoats
HOUSE
76
should
AND
follow
flow
and
easily
find
skill
well ;
and
evenly
finished
all
the
a
surface
with
clear water
he
be
with
perhaps,a stirring
a
the
as
it
a
and
a
soapy
its
tint,
subjected to.
character
that
shall
cloth
a
move
re-
ordinarydiscolorations.
be taken
of the
out
paint should
other
reach
category
the hands
amateur, in
liquid
a
manipulation,except,
render
stick,to
wealthy citizen
to
custom
the
which
the whole
mass
few, but
the
and
means
of fashion
dictates
degree, but
the
gloss,and
average
not, for many
fancy may
town
reasons,
suggest.
to that
surfaces
non-reflective
to
to
the
be
last
country householder,
decorate
It
of
dience
must, in obe-
who
taste,adhere
or
and
; not
masses
conveniences
rigidlyrequiresall painted
without
taste and
has the
who
treatingthe subject,
are
we
his easy reach, and
flat,dead,
can
that
affects the
or
concerns
repaintingwithin
who
;
consistencythroughout.
It will be understood
not
or
be
such
professoror
mixing
state,requiringno
of like
fulfill
dry quickly,
retain
of
other
The
duties.
consumer,
it may
be
must
finger-marksand
housewife's
of the
usual
requiresun-
must
paint-brush,and
Scrubbing of paint''should
of
can
dirt-proof
smoothly,
; spread easily,
under
simplewiping
**
good paint,it
a
paint
no
application. In short,to
discoloringinfluences
whatever
The
handling, as
require
not
present a smooth, hard, unyieldingsurface
water-proof and
be
the
its
labor in
or
requirements of
all the
cover
in
work
must
and
brush,
painterswhich
professional
with
favor
the
smoothly under
extraordinaryskill
any
GRAINING.
days. Lastly,it
consecutive
on
AND
PAINTING,
CARRIAGE
can
not
his
domicile
as
reasonably be
NEW
denied
SYSTEM
OF
that,where
INTERIOR
HOUSE-PAINTING.
is
alone
appearance
important, a flat,
non-glossy,painted surface,in-doors,is more
delicate than
more
white
in
particularly
is
costly,and
which,
in the
The
as
of cost
The
"
will be made
may
so
to
adopt
it ;
with
use
with
painting,a
is
proposed
of
best
of
more
to
house
a
unpainted wood
liberal
process,
practicable,
edge
slightknowl-
a
practicedj^ainter,
a
the
best
cause,
results,be-
other
sults
system,the best rethe most
knowledge and
the
all
varnish
two
is not
the
finished
new
with
coats
for
of
system
to the
ordinary pine-
to
receive,j)reparatory
must
of shellac-varnish.
knots, pitch,and
wood, and,
than
apply
flowing coat
kills
effectually
of the
with
the
apology on
rendered
person
every
the
no
followingdetailed
is to be
of
will be described
needs
paint-brush,not
a
this,as
The
worth
"
paint
unprepared surface
an
not, however, with
interior surface
pores
The
the
to
manipulation.
First,it
coat
householder
precedent is,that
plain that any
through
come
wood.
ing
paint-
entirelyessential
are
process,
system
new
of how
skilled
of
light,
the conditions
average
which
preparation,
trouble.
or
whereby the
condition
economical
after,being an
score
which
rule,be applied to
a
pine-wood.
new
this kind
degree fulfills
writer,the
conditions
success.
not,
the
; but
reflect the
in practice
system of interior house-painting
new
requirescertain
shall
least
which
beautiful and
demands.
requiresand
its full
lighttints
or
oj)inonof
in the
The
painted surfaces
77
all
sap.
It fillsthe
is
practicalpurposes,
ordinaryi^aint. The
great,and
This
of
applying it
cost
but
a
AND
HOUSE
78
trifle; but,
will be
this.
The
of
the
it,take
be
paint to
and
with
brings the
work
to
best
work
with
a
will
apply the
into
the
more
leave
of
coat
the
than
homogeneous
to
proper
we
suppose
a
better
perfectionof
of
the best
any
third
a
be
coat
no
of
will
clean
sistency,
con-
holes
the
as
much
before.
to
on
the
day but
The
number
be
be
work
expenditureof
face
sur-
one,
now
of best
of coats
if the result be satisfactory,
on
that head
required,and
The
demanded.
can
the
much
; but
the utmost
tion
applica-
paint completes the job,and
that
a
water-proofsurface.
discourse
yet
be
quantity
paint on
Next
of
the material
whatever
pour
same
more
like French
and
first coat
superiorin solidityand
system
painted surface
reasonable
a
to make
running.
surface
the
of
it white
paintingwill
white-lead,as commonly applied,and,
need
time
be
as
paint as
far
finish will be found
do
sufficient quantity
paint-pot. Flow
without
staythere
there
the
work,
gives a smooth, uniform, glossy,and
The
will not
the
the
paint,so
clean
a
brush, and
second
at
the work
a
to receive
consistency. Next,
seem
and
a
puttying being completed,
or
preparatory step in
may
on
can
whiting
readiness
a
thorough stirringof
as
the
common
stopping
uniform
that subject.
hour,
an
applied to
The
of
be said
putty-knifein stoppingthe
a
use
The
insures
prepared
from
crevices.
paint.
dry in
be
must
putty
colored, mix
will
cost, and
its
need
more
no
GRAINING.
puttying. Ordinary putty
make
To
using.
or
for
ready
times
ten
end,
yarnish-coat
This
for
in the
result
good
it is worth
as
AND
PAINTING,
CARRIAGE
gives
possiblybe produced by
time
china.
and
money.
It
will
The
face
sur-
improve by
NFW
SYSTEM
HOUSE-PAINTING.
will be
found
hard
ordinarywear, yet elastic enough
any
We
chipping.
cracking or
when
the
INTERIOR
wij^ing. It
and
washing
OF
declare
we
'^new
system"
think
belief that
our
will
outlast
enough
to stand
sist
re-
tion
modera-
under
jDainting
one
four
to
without
with
speak
we
79
paintingsunder
the
prevailingone.
The
questionof
presentsitself
now
economy
this questionof
consideration,
be
supposed that
without
qualities
described
The
of
cost
can
have
paying
for
we
be
can
greater,perhaps,than
to
view, the
Enumerating
to
dry
system
new
and
dwelling;
has
quency
paint and
it fit for
make
combined
economical
Strain
the
paint'is
of
; the
use
of the
which
the best
to be* used
held
sense
rior
supe-
surface,
its
non-liability
ordinarydomestic
All
quired
re-
these
gases,
in every
the
infre-
good qualities
of the
word,
and
obeyed :
the most
adopted.
must
paint!
no
under
durability
scrubbing;
renewal.
ever
is
less time
influences,common
discoloring
process
the
easy ; its
the influence
it,in
outlay.
the question
and
wearing properties,
tenacity,
render
Directions
the
"
water-proofcharacter
of its necessary
tofore
here-
altogetherthe advantage.
the
other
its
when
have
and
extra
system"
advantages,we
discolor under
smoke,
^^new
desirable
results
no
not
comprehensive aspect,is
repeated washing, wiping, or
to
with
old ; but
cleaningis rendered
the
the
the
smoothness
whereby
the
under
and
good
Yet
the
under
in its most
of economy,
up
them.
portant
im-
most
It must
expense.
all these
brought about
painting
a
"
be observed
Let
be
the
pail or
clean
and
pot
out
free from
of which
dust
or
HOUSE
80
AND
CARRIAGE
motes.
Tie
Swiss
muslin,
about
twenty-fivecents
it.
such
there
Maybe
If so, the
the top of
over
will be
proceeding the
worth
of
pound
a
the muslin
many
old
strainer.
In such
a
prevention is
it will
water, and
good
a
serve
times.
Be
sure
that
the
brush
has
stood
in
well
The
paint.
paint exposed in
the
brush
it out
is the
in the
of
ounce
at
paintthrough
the
the safe side.
saying, ^^An
strainer under
not leave the
wash
dry-goods shops
pour
on
common
cure," has peculiarsignificance.Keep
Do
where
in the
nothing caught
been
GRAINING.
pail a joieceof
yard, and
a
will have
error
tlie
is sold
as
AND
PAINTING,
best
for
time
a
for
flat
brush, known
is
It
in
or
pot.
always well,
water, unused, to
putting it
turpentinebefore
brush
can
open
is clean.
into
the
applying the paint in question
commonly-used bristle brush.
a
an
to
For
paintersas
extended
a
flat
faces,
sur-
kalsomine-brush,
is recommended.
There
elucidation
must,
of
merits
or
all that
to be
seems
of
theory.
our
course,
stand
demerits.
have
we
find favor.
instances
Like
be
further
no
or
The
fall
by
of
reason
prove
it in
own,
our
it must
and
carelessly,
thoughtlessly,
Failures, necessarilygrowing
care,
non-compliancewith
unskillfulness in
sufficient
reasons
unfortunate
for
failure,will
paint,and,
like the
many
painting
practice
necessarily
it will in many
demned.
unjustly con-
out
of
rules
plainly-written
handling,and
in
its inherent
others'
in
things,however,
new
of
system
new
If it shall
proved
all
explanationnecessary
want
and
other
scapegoat,it will
tions,
direc-
good
be laid at the door
of
and
of the
be made
NEW
to bear
by
the
OF
SYSTEM
the sins of many.
author
the
of
System"
to the same,
that, notwithstanding these
is certain
1. Do
and,
;
unayoidable
anticipated
spiteof
drawbacks,
With
modes
commendation
of
is
it shall fulfill what
is claimed
apply the paint to
an
not
in
81
it
in the fullest confidence
of the rules and
theory is offered,and
proportionas
is all
awaiting its introduction.
success
brief summary
the
HOUSE-PAINTING.
That, however,
'^New
calls attention
all,he
INTERIOR
there
lowing
the fol-
operation,
asked, only in
for it ;
unprepared surface
of
pine-wood.
new
2. Do
not
in
ordinary putty
use
stoj^pingthe
nail-
heads.
3. Use
putty-knifein stopping the
a
nail-heads
and
crevices.
4. Strain the
with
paintedwork
Old
5.
paint before using.
should
be
clean,and
well
rubbed
before applyingthe new
paint.
pumice-stone,
6. Do not leave the paint exposed to the air in an
open
vessel.
7. Do
the
not rub
paint out, under
ordinarycolor,but flow
8. Put
without
as
It may
third
paint on
like varnish.
the surface
applying the paint to
wood, with
10.
on
with
brush, as
as
will stay there
running.
9. Before
the
much
it
the
The
a
more
be washed
a
paint-brush,
the
new
day after being finished.
on
to
liberal coat of shellac-varnish.
paint is washed, the
with cold water
work, flow
and
a
better it will look.
soapy
cloth
on
the
CHAPTEE
WHITEWASHIN'G
OR
COLORING
CALLED
This
under
the
generallyrendered
ing.
This
when
not
terrible
is
as
harmless
sees
as
known
in
may
be,
imsh
;
same
this
grows
"
and
and,
only
Dutchman
blue."
if the
in
Bottom
who
This
whitewashing
of course,
that
common
walls
the
or
made
its
sight
knotted
play
or
sound,
or
and
to
stand
its
when
bined
com-
ing
mean-
first hears
who
is the
noun,
root
as
is, in plain English,
out
the
to
within
his
walls
the
category of
and
simple operation, namely,
and
ceilings,is
the* average
householder
much
does
a
not
of
case
the
the
mit
"whitewashed
so
of
ivliite.-
colored, the operationis
be
on
painter'sbill
a
lime,
as
or,
art, kalsomin-
auditor
verb,
brought
have
the
with
connection
material
would
of
in
startled
formidable
it is then
"
calcimining,
particularhair
each
calcimi7ie
to
of
"the
make
to
magnificent proportions. Calx,
which
CEILINGS
mystified,or
professorsof
to the
it,perhaps
title
word, enough,
part, and
to
becomes
or
the
understood,
locks
end,"
is sometimes
appalling
by
AN^D
WALLS
KALSOMINING.
simple operation
occult,
X.
the
matter
deem
it
HOUSE
84
AND
what
does
not
to
seem
operationincludes.
the
GRAINING.
AND
PAINTING,
and
investigation,
of
worthy
CARRIAGE
to
care
from
Yet,
derstand
un-
tary
sani-
a
point of view, it is a subjectof prime importance.
The
'*
of
promulgation
Fermentation
writer, the
and
most
Professor
Disease"
by
Dn
of the
important
has
the
world
far
so
human
has
The
to
paint for
be, lime
and
cleans,
it
and
of
be
human
so
to be
live in dark
dwellings;
and
are
should
the
only
tinue
con-
erly
prop-
qualities.It
the
part of
with
those
animal
All
of the earth.
Sunshine
world, but
is,as well,
theory of painting which
It is not
distrusted.
occupants
sorrow,
velopmen
de-
best
is light,
that to
it is not wholesome
fit
the
is
deprivedof existence.
moral
any
be
sickness,or
writer has witnessed
element
savor
the
only in
fact
on
will
probably other
important an
ignores this
abodes
sible
pos-
connection.
been, and
desirable
nature, and
physical necessity
; and
;
this
indispensablein
and
and
growths are sickly,
rooms
question
when
water-paint,
and
good
it is almost
is necessary, not
a
has
This
water.
good,
Indeed,
deprivedof
dark
most
whitens, therebybringing in light,which
wholesome,
natures.
The
to.
terial
ma-
the
prove
in
have
the million
prepared,has many
covery
dis-
doubt, by the reader,what
the theory can
significance
Much.
the
since
it may
listened
ever
the
of
it relates to the
as
race,
alreadybeen asked, no
opinion
the latter part of the
in
Priestley
eighteenthcentury. Indeed,
welfare
the
is, in
announcement
important
of oxygen
TyndalFs theory of
or
lamentation
householders
of
who
to
to sit in dark
gloomy,
sin, or
the
good
shame
sunless
!
The
growing disposition
claim
to be the
KALSOMINING.
in
best,the leaders
hues
dark
will be
a
fixed
but
or
persuaded by
excluded, are
the
effect of these
their
holes
and
will,at
This
more.
white,
or
or
Lime
for the
owls, and
the
them
in
million
; and
desirable
room
with
one
cost, by the
It is
use
easilydone,
from
the
lightbe
for
the
and
use
shop
of lime-water
very
where
of
washing,
whiteto
name
almost
well,
nothing.
be
made
little labor
a
paint.
articles
many
covers
How
to do
simple operation. So
such
of
be, the paint
to
ceilingsmay
with
find
light,
it includes
costs
canny
un-
their dark
choose
be, as
and
wholesome
a
other
purpose
of the
may
are
the
to send
they shall
so
or
qualities
properties. It
neat, sweet, tidy,and
less
Suppose
continue
well it may
man
hu-
free access,
or
water-painting,
must
plasteredwalls
ings,
dwell-
sunlight is
bugs, and
out,
and
cleans,sweetens,and disinfects,
Any
and
time, expose
same
tints
repeat,and
for
abounds.
kalsomining,"as
is,we
and
good
*^
is at and
sunlighthas
digressionis
nearly white
the
the
of heaven's
to shut
us
of
for
abiding-places
fullyimpressing the importance
more
it.
the
entering rays
it
who
which
or
light of heaven
enable
ingressno
where
the bats,and
things;
ways,
those
are
homes
good
as
dictum
opinion,or
from
to what
whollygoverned
believe that abodes
We
It
has, aa
as
purpose
furnisher
apartments
not
beingsas
where
opinion or
or
upholsterer,
and
householder
average
taste,or
*^the mode."
rooms
to
the
of
use
color-ornamentation.
the contrary,almost
is,on
decorator,or
time
fashion,to adopt the
the
definite
or
wants,
and
that
mind
kept in
he
the
societyand
shades in interior
and
rule,no
85
sold
a
:
and
it ?
cure
pro-
quan-
HOUSE
86
AND
CARRIAGE
tityof lump-lime
mind, lump-lime
"
which
will be
the
undergo
be
must
of
process
cold
;
poured
the
changing conditions
placed in
be
with
wet
nevertheless.
The
operation,will
of vapor,
and
perceptible.The
commenced,
fairly
shall have
powder
like
oS
tendency of
ceases,
and
a
begin
more
mass,
the
water
must
may
therebyrendered
proper
over
it may
the
of the
lump
the
on
solidify
; and
be added
be
and
dryness. When
and
the
fallen into
taken
better,so
will boil
and
steam, and
the
the
miniature
of the
surface
the ebullition
when
thinned
boiling
is thrown
thoroughly with
stirred
more
lumps
This
homogeneous.
entirely
be
to have
now
the water
as
a
stick,
Being cool,
with water
to
a
.
for application
wdtli
consistency
thinner
form
until
fire.
brisk
a
this
in the
the water
of vapor
form
is to
mass
to form
the whole
portionof
the
the
with
by
given,and
be
will continue
carefullywatched,
rapidlyin
very
craters
be
must
be said
must
whiteness,and
tea-kettle
open
heated
have
entirelydisintegrated,
become
ceptible,
per-
change is going
the appearance
water
more
will be
the stone
slaking may
process
of snowy
an
process
and
The
by degrees.
from
the
eagerlydrink
change
no
as
convenient, and
will
chemical
exhale
but
lumps should
or
be
may
more,
slightchange in
a
lump
water, having been
chemical
will be
or
the water
all at once,
stone
thirsty
wonderful
although a
on
the
two,
or
as
pan,
lumjDs must
; but
good enough
The
powder,
through the application
or
lum]3snot
tightpailor
a
minute
a
is
require.
water, which
For
up.
slakingby
water
on
These
less air-slaked.
or
GRAINING.
lime in
not
"
more
of water
AND
PAINTING,
the
wall
a
be
whitewash-brush
solidlywhite
and
;
KALSOMINING.
and
spotless,
it will show
and
streaky. If
not
a
brought
which
is,of
The
with
to all
under
a
circular bed.
into which
of the
the
suspension. The
roughly-shapedblocks
the
that
water, and in
they may
blocks and
of water.
a
filled.
purer
dried
byexposure
The
stone
the
so
and
harden
They
other
on
a
are
in its
tion,
mo-
water, and
of
which,
the overflow
farthest
vat
finest
from
longestheld
of proper
thrown
upon
absorb
a
the cakes
then
taken
a
so
depositof all,
when
to the air in
particles
neighbor,and
material will be
chalk, which
be handled.
the
The
the
the vats
short time
and
slowlyrevolves
by troughs ;
contain
of
carbonate
by grindingthe
its nearest
by
"kal-
tank,
by a water-tight
depositedmass,
is lifted from
called
vats, a number
connected
course,
that
to
water-pigment
suspensionby
largesunken
until all the vats become
the fact
removed
stream
in
first vat is received
will,of
rubbing
garments,
or
soft,friable
a
materials,agitatedby
temporarilyheld
mill
is
is surrounded
constant
it into
the
"
will have
it from
the hand
impuritiesare
bed
a
wash
less siliceous matter
or
placed side by side,are
in
keep
base of the
The
:
chalk, which
as
The
flows
flow off with
from
to
heavy edge stone which
crushed
are
the
This
yellow.
chip off,
or
exposed.
constantly
this wise
impurities. These
on
to flake
"
in contact
lime, containingmore
of the
apt
appliedtoo thick,
practiceof water-painting,
commonly
is known
chalk
be
properlyapplied
power
course,
somining," is in
of
and
adhesive
in itself sufficient
off when
be
turn
tendency to
being properlyslaked
it
the wash
sandy surface,and
a
will have
lime
87
kind
sistency,
con-
thick,
portionof
of
whiting
from
the
of lattice-
AND
HOUSE
88
but
material
the
This
of lime.
is
used
anything which
and
may
be
per
as
the
impart
barytes,may
with
be used
followingis the
are
best
mode
capableof giving.
the
that
has revealed
extent.
removed,
painter,the
of
should
pigment
material
lacks
mode
to the
and
of
not be
of
and
we
task
laths,and
no
the
ceiving
re-
will
We
with
of the paper
the removal
or
be
less formidable
in
extensive
to
so
A
obtained.
the
w^here
must
be
lime
surface
accustomed
plasterer
cracked
plaster
performed by
:
Cut
openingwith
or
of
to be told how
in this wise
fill the
as
labor
the
plasterer,
a
operation is
flush with
work
the wall for
does not need
case
plasterand water,
such
The
prime importance, and
of
cracks
of work
the
Paris-white.
or
be first described.
If these
Yet, supposing a
made
to the
the
plastermore
be had
must
to this kind
down
is added
to
To
papered (thatis,covered
been
in the
cracks
that craftsman
clean
it.
with
preparationof
paint is,however,
and
be
described
as
contact
proceedingin
of
the services
require,in filling,
must
possess
in
and further,that
paper-hangings),
to do it.
not
readilytransferred
whiting
The
the wall to have
number
does
bered
remem-
be
which
preliminaryoperationwill
suppose
It will be
the lime-wash
form
power
of carbonate
plainwhite ceilingssulphateof baryta,known
In
se.
adhesive
method,
same
kind
purifiedchalk
some
GRAINING,
painting of ceilings
the
for
brought
prevent this,gelatinein
to
finer,harder
a
contrary, will
the
on
the
propertyof
in itself the adhesive
above, but,
produced by
class of work.
better
this washed
that
AND
article is used
walls in the
and
is
Paris-white
framework.
PAINTING,
CARRIAGE
sand.
of the
the
away
mortar
This
filling
wall,but
hoi-
KALSOMINING.
lowed
out
This
should
stand
day
a
with
mixed
mortar
paintingis
and
cracks
and
common
with
of
to
solution
weak
of
operatedon
prevent
cracks
better
soon
This
a
wet
the
proper
equal parts of plaster
and
water
the
of the
This
measure.
a
The
glue-size
(that
putty-knife or
the
putty
parts to be
will
as
filling
or
with the old
new
a
to
terial.
ma-
receive
should
will
filling
once
;
apt to
stick in the
lime
is used,
whereas, a preparation
the
turn
paint yellow
be fairly
dry.
mortar-filling
of
proceeding
is the
"
*
"
Aground"
and
most
a
a
wash
substratum
or
remain.
stopping process
sizing,as
and
of
application
prepared beforehand,
or
tools for
proper
where
preparation
at
shall rest and
the
fillthe holes
otherwise,the dry wall
;
a
shall have
after the first application
upon
the
the process
wash
of
is,to
water-brush, as
a
than
in the order
as
; that
broad-bladed
is present will be
painted before
water-color
with
adhesion
be worked
lime
part of
''
quicklyfrom
going over"
dry,in
Next
so
white
procedure in the preparationof
a
kept
so
to
may
been
with
and
nicely smoothed
the cracks
insure the best results,
'^
time
furnish
filling.
harden,
surrounding surface
pointup
and
the necessary
second
where
if
and
dry
glue in water).
of
be
must
To
and
*'
fillingare
the moisture
small
to
putty composed
a
small-pointedtrowel
had
the
whiting mixed
this work
a
two
or
another
Paris, and
plaster-of-
ordinarymode
wall for
take
to receive
as
trowel.
a
The
is,a
depressed so
be filled flush with
then
with
and
89
be
on
This
wash
ready
for
shall have
been
it is called,is made
important
shall
which
which
the
have
will
application
concluded.
thus
:
One
KALSOMINING.
a
In
kalsomine-brnsh.
ent
applyingthis water-painta differmanipulation is adopted from that commonly
styleof
in oil-painting.
That
properlypracticed
and
the wall must
water-painton
No
attempt
a
the
white
pure
white
addition
glue
for
wall
and
bring it
overnight,and
the
making
it must
a
be
tint
of
mass
In
cases
tint for
where
the
in
the
"
out
"
the
in the
as
ray
almost
hard
in
easiest way
is to
to
easy way
in
tightvessel
a
this stand
Let
the
of
morning
dried upon
color
mixture.
is very
For
decided
to whiteness
is very much
wall
others,the
kalsomine
blue
the
unequal in surface,very
spongy
is
in water-colors,
wall-painting
that
dark
as
paint will dry
required
instantlygive a perfectsolution.
in mind
where
it in
the
material
The
it.
to
of white
is
as
The
glue
immerse
or
pouring upon
or
borne
the
to add
pound
a
easy task.
ujoon
will almost
shade
dissolve
an
all one
even
previous to
readilysolve.
cover
wall will not be half
a
not
phrase
It is recommended
perfectsolution,such
a
is to pour
to
the
be
may
other.
glue-size.To
sufficient water
boilingwater
lay it off,"as
"
will not
about
the
laysit on.
ceilingbeingthe object
is
^^kalsomining,"
stubborn,
In
with
or
obtain
as*to
so
to
little ultramarine-blue
a
of the
^*
is to say, the
the brush
as
that the brush-marks
so
mass
be left
made
each
parallel
and
way,
be
must
goes, to streak it
"
91
on
the
ample,
ex-
in the
the wall.
discolored,patched,
places and
some
to make
a
soft and
foundation
a thin
apply previously
for
coat of oil-
paint.
The
as
next
stepupward
in this kind
of
paintingis dignified
miscalle'd fresco-painting
frescoing,
; which
it is not
in
a
This
water-colors.
colored
pigments
to
and
preferredfor
be
of
nature
dingy.
It
such
art
by written
rules and
by
the eye and
learned
are
practice
the
reach
ples,
pur-
suitable and
turn
to teach
Example
organ.
In
heeding.
style of
This
and
as
artists,
displayof
the
the
this
and
best
coloristic
are
ceilings
branch
to the attention
place among
and
only be studied
can
this
are
the very
yellow
here
plain walls
opportunityfor
it affords
that
the rule.
not
a
and
It
worth
that
common
deep
will,in
made
architecture
exceptionand
strivingto
are
which
directions.
only teachers
so
be
not
earnestlyrecommended
is
of
is
to the
which
oil-pigments,
to
through
of domestic
decoration
now
the
delicate and
is,therefore,more
work
will
attempt
lime, giveswith
most
lightesttint
things, discolor,darken,
The
examples
the
in color,but
fugitive
only more
not
shades
the
browns.
reds, and
of
material,carbonate
tones
GRAINING.
ornamenting, or decorating,with
from
purest possible,
the
AND
PAINTING,
rather
but
sense,
proper
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
92
of
ing
paint-
of those
the
fine
who
practice
artistic
talent.
This
questionof
of the wall
in the
in
significant
it is
affected
the
health
such
than
more
so.
by
purposes,
cover
We
colors
important
sanitarypoint
a
not
in
now
through
either
in
the
nitely
view, infi-
of
prospect
medium
themselves
by independent
the walls of
and
viewed,
respect. JEsthetically
one
have
live is
we
painting
the
so
many
or
forces.
health,
of the eye, but
possiblyaffected by the materials
as
v/rought upon
which
where
rooms
important ; but, from
more
as
or
coloring,or
finishing,
the
as
they
used
for
may
be
Paper-hangings,
because
dwelling-places,
KALSOMINING.
of the
be
paintswhich
rest
yet
been
been
at
the
of
the
same
traced
its advocates
unnumbered"
pigments
"
;
which
This
used
are
but, as
in the
in
eminent,
of
as
a
Commission.
relate !
"
and
from
to
with
covered
report give
tidings!
paper
The
me
doctor
"
the
ear,
found
poison enough
the
public
which
is,
Health
or
of this
painted
horrible to
"
looked
the
like that
cause
of
the walls that
my
my
crucible,
test-paper."
1 will whisper the
in the ashes
to kill" how
cause
expert,
figuredand
analysisof
and
The
this
the walls
and
precipitates,
your
here.
Health,
Stripfrom
ment
Pig-
a
propound,
to
colors he detected
given :
was
alkalies,
my
"
to
In the interest of science and
order
as
medical
found
the
offending
given to
of
in
cussed
fullydis-
and
or
Paris-green,
something which
acids,my
the
public board
a
but
ornament
as
certain
a
springs
paper,
own
were
doctor
the many
among
direful
somewhat
our
Board
our
painted death, and subjectit to
sad
writer
Paris-Green
"
the facts
learned
of horrors"
humanity,the
The
fixed upon
be found
Of course,
matter
deadlymaterial.
my
has
directlytraceable
most
report
a
The
"chamber
and
The
and
subjectagain now
equivalentof
the
paper,
has
these
color
theory of
a
to the
London,
form
was,
have
we
poisoning
occurred
of sickness
case
exist in the
to
questionwill
allude
of
far,this theory
source.
succeedingchaptei^ on
must
case
no
that
do not
Paris-greenhaving been
in
or
this
directlyto
of
assurance
"
So
diseases.
to
many
this poisoningtheory,on
painsto investigate
some
"woes
supposed by
are
assumption,as
mere
on
material.
we
them,
of direful ills and
sources
must
color
93
of this incinerated
many
?
We
have
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
94
forgottenjust how
had
but
many,
dozen
a
Therefore, the occupants
children.
GRAINING.
men^
of this
and
women,
deadlychamber
P^ris-green
presentin
the
poisonedby
been
AND
PAmTING,
the
paper-
hangings.
Ordinary mortals,not doctors,would
questionthus
As
:
arsenite
green
it follows
have
could
been
cause
have
may
ever
brought
in the
been
all
paper-hangings
about
ness
sick-
poisoning or
no
through
that
recognizeas
the
in
room,
the
probablyput there,
was
that
course
sickness,we
poisoning,or
The
of
in the
that
of copper
matter
a
as
found
was
resolved the
have
material.
fact.
a
house,
The
in the
street,in the neighborhood. If in the apartment, do
for
look
it in
the
Look
paper.
of adhesive
rot and
atmosphere, and
which
dwellers
to
therein.
tear off the
wash
thoroughly
and
you
where
are
and
its
givehealth
walled-in space
with
conditions
for
stomachs
of
was
dank
and
and
wherein
is
and
life,'
offered,artistic in invention
finish,and
to
their
proper
seeds
of
in
unfortunate
of disease,
cause
paintedpretense,which
the
noisome
the
to
heated
a
development
the
remove
; scrape
water
and
to year
year
of
and paint with
equivalent,
will
all
with
from
and
would
thing it is not
flour in the form
warmth
rottingsham,
to be the
or
and
If you
seems
acid
fill the
lungs
flimsycovering, where
piled up
find favorable
and
throats
the
the
in the moisture
ferment
disease
been
has
the
disfigure
figureor
coat, of wetted
after
coat
paste
which
behind
rather
after mass,
mass
pigments
not
the
walls,
present carbolic
lime-water
lightand
before.
and
clean
pigment,
sweetness,
Paper-hangings
design,elegantin style
employment
in
interior
KALSOMININO.
ornamentation
we
or
not
object
to
of
heap
that
and
insidious
when
paper
;
be
and,
wake."
is
while
around
in
the
cheap
a
without
lurk
offered
up,
exhale
breathed
dangers
we
"
which
odors
not
word
covering
nastiness
the
can
the
painted
under,
believe
is
a
95
objection.
burying
of
way
we
a
fatal
us,
of
stable
results,
'^botli
filth
temporarily
not
are
from
of
AVhat
those
or
we
when
with,
posing
dis-
who
compostbelieve
do
we
sleep
XL
CHAPTER
commercial
the
erald-green,and
parts
the
on
of
consists
five years
there
painterswho
operated
three
as
England
as
arsenite
an
of
parts
are
have
bring
to
the
and, second,
production
of
em-
is,
of
to
copper
per,
cop-
seven
hung
sound
repetitionof
the
From
that
to-day,throughout
used
never
about
brushful
a
this
result
poisonous
improvements
been
put
ingenuitycould
a
of
old
the
invent
country, many
Two
causes
the
greenness.
thing, a compound
the
decline
the
devise
paint ;
in
made
market
agreeable
dis-
many
of
were
or
as
favor
it fell into dis-
first,the
These, since
upon
consumption
of it.
nature
which
suggestiveof
same
:
the
thirty-
about
country
its maximum
chrome-green.
Paris-green,have
which
in this
use
years after.
propertiesand
a
Sclieele^s green,
reached
twenty
; and
there
Continent
about
into
and
ago,
paint some
names
in
of arsenic.
Paris-greencame
a
under
country
Paris-green,
speaking,
scientifically
technically or
and
of
name
in this
known
pigment
beautiful
The
PIGMEi^^T.
A
AS
PARIS-GREEjq"
all the
under
about
Yet
of
of
which
it is
ever
Prussian
PARIS-GREEN
blue
and
to the
the
fade
begins to
having
the
this
of
use
change
or
been
97
unfortunate
jpermanent
the
with
color
the
comprehension of
dullest
that
symptoms
the
nected
con-
is,that
the
moment
the
fact
brush.
it
painter
This
demonstrated, during the past twenty
to the front ; therefore this
come
PIGMENT.
the
almost
finishingtouch
signs and
are
A
clirome-3^ellow
; and
with
gives it
AS
fact
years,
there
understanding,
old
favorite is again to
on
disquisition
the
of
use
Paris-green.
It may
the
be
said,and with
of green
generaluse
meretricious
of
domestic
our
is
as
subjectshould
its generaluse
We
:
we
In
find it
not
"
all that has been
publicsense
shall be colored
us
said and
green.
to call attention
results
satisfactory
from
look
are
an
at it
a
sity,
neces-
all
ing
and, notwithstand-
contrary,the
appendages to
of green
of
it.
windows
our
Recognizing this fact,it
use
to the
proposition
not
to the
written
to that material
in the
;
an
decoration
matter
citystreets
a
entation
pres-
houses,and, indeed, for
that these
demands
to the
to that
answer
take
rather
color,but
wish to have
isolated
in crowded
not
The
who
directed,not
climate,outside blinds
for
particularly
domiciles
country evidences
in the external
would
we
bright,hot
our
that
pertinence,
standpoint. We
practical
a
as
of
of those
treatingthis
are
sestheticalbut from
as
be
of this
architecture.
follows
this
that the aim
brightertones
discouragingof
good deal
paints in
taste ; and
interest in this
a
which
can
becomes
give most
pigmentsfor
exterior
color ornamentation.
There
in the matter
is practiced;
5
of
generally,
painting,
PARIS-OREEN
So
far, -this material
is brilliant and
in Nature's
AS
A
fulfills all the
that
workings
"
colored
all it is worth
in many
and,
;
not
can
and,
in this
penaltiesin
and
bars
many
We
pigments.
It
fact,so patent
tion
compensa-
prominent
more
have
the
the
as
way
use
than
best without
instance,Nature
prohibitthe
to
cases,
requiredconditions.
grand principleof
is,unfortunately,nowhere
"
99
alas ! that
But,
permanent.
PIGMENT.
to
in
ing
pay-
has put
so
severelylimit
of this most
ful
beauti-
paint.
As
if to
combine
is not
green
without
all the
color.
these
the
shade, that
few
reason
into
generaluse.
translucent
as
it is
(thatis,
to lose their
of this brilliant
are
non-drier
a
varnish, drying japan,
liquid driers,seem
presence
many,
all its would-be
it stands
and
proachable
unap-
its merits
few;
competitorsso
preeminent, unrivaled
to treat the
propose
merits
and
defects
of
paint,a description
will be
far in
; and
for
will account
for
with
'aj)plied
in
seashore ; and
subjectwith specialreference
of
the mode
omitted, except
from
it precipitates
ieach other
and
must, in the opinion of the writer,again come
this
the
grain
Its defects
throw
but
to
Parisworking qualities,
degree. Vehicles,such
in
peculiarqualities
we
bad
covering property),but
or
patent drier,and
As
in
only coarse
body
to the last
all the
a
its solution
of its
some
this
of
chemical
proceedingin
to
simplynote
in
a
the
size
the
its
paint may,
a
facture
manu-
fact that
of working
peculiarities
as
as
form, which
crystalline
paint-brush. These
shape and
product
do the
when
crystalsdiffer
grainsof
in its form
and
sand
on
from
the
structure,
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
100
not
inaptlybe compared
the
uninitiated
PAINTING,
mixed
will have
so
oil,and
an
as
overcome
rub !
These
he
It may
so,
unbroken
a
in
without
can
help rather
the
it to ;
of
fine,and
there's the
the
reflecting
pure
best
is
absolutely
that theybe
results,
breakingor powdering.
than
hindrance
mind
a
with
fine
sand,
to those
of this
who
pigment,
familiar substance,
some
better idea
of its nature
smalt, such
or
and
as
is
analogousto Paris-green,
more
result
same
smalt
blue-glass
proportionas
it
granularcharacter,than anythingwe
of the
and the crushing of the crystals
and
paintproducesthe
of
it
therefore,
peculiarnature
seems
hour-glasses,
liken
of Paris-
further
by comparison,get a
in appearance
;
producethe
working qualities.Very
used
of the
one
use
grind
not
fine sand
are
transparent,and only reflecttheir
crystals
to associate it in the
and
of the
? Ay,
objection
unacquaintedwith
are
of
this formidable
in order to
be
idea
some
why
the work
put upon
portionof
oil-paint.But
beautiful color when
necessary,
a
difficulties in the way
formidable
green
Let
of coatinga
painterimagine the difficulty
surface with
most
GRAINING.
material.
abundant
to that
comparativelysmooth
in
AND
on
a.
grainsare
green
as
stone under
broken
follow the
would
a
muller.
they lose
the
ing
grindJust
in
property
The
of coveringa
difficulty
of green, transparent
particles
light.
uniformlywith these
sand can
hardlybe over-estimated ; and, if the work were
it would
be almost
to be subjectedto close inspection,
Fine
manner.
impossibleto complete it in a satisfactory
surface
paintwill
adhere
foreignto
to
a
painted surface
the nature
with
a
tirely
tenacityen-
of this sand-like substance.
To
AS
PARIS-GREEN
sum
all its
up
badly
not
the
cover
running
care
has
Much
of
nature
and,
;
been
as
said
of
arsenite
faith
from
reading world
had
deadly
upas-tree. Harrowing tales
families
being poisoned almost
presence
of this terrible
The
readingof
the
on
the
a
from
of the learned
one
authenticated
present as
Paris-green
we
submit
from
a
a
that such
scientist such
shown
a
nature
a
statement
vis inerticB of
whereby it is held
of the
told
periodically
death
to
in
of
of
the
paper-hangings.
of
in
Paris-green
forth
:
professors
arsenic
the
on
"There
might
been
have
to -the paper,
pigment
and
"
wellthe
to
expected
professionis
surprising.Until
matter
are
mark
re-
wall-paper." Now,
practiceand
the
this
through
things,empirical;
is
of whole
because
the
fabled
use
statement
the
Paris-green
of the
that there inheres in this
the
breath
halation
in-
an
scientific convention,
stain
doctor,whose
medical
degree, in
a
the
with
clude"putting
con-
to the
scientists" that
poisoning by
of
cases
would
facts given
called
potato-beetle,
of the
destruction
One
light
recent
a
possibleconsequences
of the
to discuss it in the
pigment
at
paper
things.
poisonous
to the
in contact
are
with
on
this branch
as
by
than
put
of all
worst
marvelous
been
habit of
perverse
common-sense.
time to time
more
prove
and,
propose
in the
of air which
would
drier,is the
a
therefore will
after it has been
copper ;
and
experience,reason,
most
a
having reference
subjectis important,we
of
translucent,and
the work
from
101
works
Paris-green
:
say
under-coating
; has
away
the utmost
; is
brush
PIGMENT.
would
defects,we
the
under
A
a
but
afterward
from
a
it shall be
power
break
to
to
the
come
over-
bonds
diffuse itself
as
a
of sickness
case
the
and
which
paper
of
carbonate
This
is very small.
;
because, if
fever
it
acid
that the
did
holds
or
stock
in
a
any
symptom
of metallic
can
the
as
of the
the
course
of
To
render
this
be
shown,
not
propertyof volatilization
a
theory
sight!
may
human
punity.
im-
present
the
in
paper-
familywith
month,
without
poisoningtheory
only that
'per
the
be
coloring-matteron
butter,in
a
to follow that
would
members
must
which
apparent
seem
by
results.
mere
arsenic
until
eaten
be
danger of serious
reasonable,it
public that
which
of copper
ordinary apartment
hangings,might
the
of
out
spirit-rapping
beingadmitted, it would
and
that
of
produce paralysis,
doses
ever-increasing
arsenite
all the green
of chill-and-
fail for lack
frightfulquantitieswith
bear
much
so
poisoning. Such
assertion is
in
This
their bread
and
homoeopathy
uncontradicted
system
of those
one
singlebottle
would
apothecary)
of the
administered
present
(as,for instance,the glassbottle
of arsenic
beat
arsenic
hope, will contend
we
one,
the
would
other innocuous
some
contain
not
medicine, the poisoningtheory must
presence
sulphate of
that
demonstrated
be
can
is exhibited
as
quantityof
of horrors"
No
probabilities.
has
paper-hangings
on
alba,or
terra
in mind
tant
question of quantityis highlyimpor-
reputed '^chambers
arsenious
lime, or
; and
substance
any
Paris-greenin
or
adulterated, with
highly sophisticated,
baryta,or
be
used
it is
that any
it be borne
Let
the wall.
covers
of
of the presence
of the arsenite of copper
that much
The
to conclude
common-sense
is because
that
hold
we
"
reason
GRAINING.
AND
PAINTING,
throughout the atmosphere
vapor
contrary to
is
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
102
se, but
the
that
pigment
it
has.
PARIS-GREE^
the
moreoYer,
tenacious
of the paper
medium
which
particularcrystal,and
find its way
and
or
the
skin, in
of
poisoningby
There
any
is
is
there
the last
silica.
It has been
to the
time
air,yet,so
is it
in
far
to the
unusual
at
one
green,
to
as
so
of
action
to
of heated
the vapor
six to
see
when
the
it first came
which
volatilizable
the
se, how
'per
good health
of
nature
things,
"
of
pounds
rooms
sjireadupon
of it
are
of surface
greatest amount
same
tains
con-
poison namely, the
eight thousand
risingfrom
dergone
un-
to all appearances
glassvessel
air in confined
in these factories to
time, from
as
thousands
the
expose
of the
color,
bright-green
same
this virulent
with
ago.
discern,it has
can
be, in
must
quartz-
as
much
live for years in
can
contrary,
Paris-green
sunlight,and
the
undergoes
twenty-five
years
condition
even
where
Paris-greenfactories,
as
lungs
it is inert and
sample
than
b^
Again, if Paris-green
so
the
the
much
as
the eye
shape and
same
perfectlysaturated
out
that
a
It reflects the
atmospherewhich
spread
has
more
as
possiblethat workmen
an
atmosphere,
this salt
but, on
degree,even
writer
unchanged
as
it.
the
sand-like,
granularcharacter,and
same
"
that
the air ;
exposed every day
is in the
to hand
incloses each
produce the symptoms
abundant
England
change.
no
has the
The
in
made
was
to
to suppose
exposed to
unchangeable to
which
and
fly in
or
fine
con-
itself free from
system, either through
proof positiveand
or
crystals
to break
which
arsenic.
when
change
103
tlie bonds
surrounds
as
quantities
reason
no
PIGMENT.
"
float
to
into the
such
A
from
to escape
power
it to the surface
the
AS
It is not
?
drying-tables,
pounds
beinglike
of Paris-
unto
a
fog
AND
HOUSE
104
in all
partsof
the
togetherwithout
in
seen
In
the
of
particles
used
passing the
workmen
stand
and, notwithstandingthe
green,
prevent the inhalingof
to
portionfinds
into the
its way
the
for
with
tions
precau-
ble
dust, a considera-
system through
the mouth
nostrils.
and
As
sense,"and,
in view
will
the presence
of
exists of
of that
facts
presented,we
in the declaration
us
justify
case
walls
of the
pigment
in the
occupied apartments ;
taken
in
That
of
paper-covering
it
the
be
can
of
the
ing
poison-
shown
that
when
largeones.
Paris-greenis a poison,and,
compositionwill
yet there
that this
doses,yet harmless
a
quantities,
deadly poison,no
can
believe
ticated
well-authen-
no
moreover,
is fataLin small
of copper
common-
because
poisoningby Paris-green
baseless,unless
theory is entirely
arsenite
that
at this
look
and
lightof experience,
reason,
the
reader
'^propose to
beginning,we
in the
said
questionin
care
of
process
be
steaming-hot
a
colored
togetherbreathingan atmosphere visibly
hours
fine
beside
sittingclose
the
through bolting-cloths,
green
for hours
mass
inconvenience,and frequentlymay
any
weather
cold
GRAINING.
go into these rooms,
workmen
tables,stirringthe
eatingtheir dinners.
table
dry
these
AND
PAINTING,
The
room.
around
stand
and
CARRIAGE
not
is
the
be observed
no
sense
people from
which
properties
employed as
have
an
in
its
in
hardihood
it does
one
to
taken
familiar
deny.
in sufficient
with
Too
its
much
keeping,handling,and using it ;
making
use
when
a
bugbear of it,and
to
by attributing
not
possess.
it
ening
fright-
and
qualities
Paris-green,when
is perfectly
harmless, except that
oil-paint,
PARIS-GREEN
it acts
long
as
to remain
workman,
however,
and
with
in all
in
washing
the
the
coach
carriagework.
be
and
applied in
follows
first be coated
resembles
with
hard
as
it may
on
color.
Any
use
on
of
a
ground
of
has
a
and
purer
in tone
exhibits in natural*
any
in tone
"
may
objects,and
this
must
of
color,
should
bear
be
As
in
as
fiat in
a
ing,
glaztate
dic-
fancy may
is
a
satisfactory
dull orange-
be obtained
the
"
out
to
tendency
will,of
of the
in
neath
under-
new,
through
of darker
use
the darkest green
exhibited
It
season.
than
the
or
produced most
glazing,by
hues
lightiest
in the earliest vernal
old
yellow ochre,which
as
Paris-green
a
the first coat of the
a
may
as
proceeding in
of
color which
tone of brilliant green
the very
to conceal
last coat
lighterunder-coats,ranging from
pine to
as
mode
any
writer
vented,
pre-
used
are
extremelyannoying.
over
suggest. The
results
the
put
or
;
Paris-green.This
the
dinary
extraor-
body-color,it must
a
of
application
that
hands
carmines
body-green which,
the
by
or
body-color,
work, whether
The
is at times
be
avoided
a
as
possible,
having
Paris-green
drying,which
or
a
before
finishingcolor, so
well
:
closelythe
most
dry and
The
peculiareffect,
the
as
and
Used
color.
to
finger-nails.Every
be
either
successive coats, so
(or ground)
practiceis as
that
way
permitted
using it.
lakes
glazingin
it is
paint from
be used
Paris-greenmay
flesh if allowed
to this
cases
by wearinggloveswhen
105
the
the
around
is not obnoxious
irritation may
care
PIGMENT.
example, when
; for
so
under
the
A
irritant in contact
an
accumulate
and
AS
or
of the
vegetablegrowths
course,
greens
will make
be
which
brighter
Nature
dull,by
com-
PARIS-GREEN
its
of
AS
its
translucency,
prime
cost of this green
green,
under
A
of
want
is about
high cost,too,
with
As
part of
this
of the
hands
view
a
features which
painter,and
hoped
that
to
could
we
its
overcome
thinning,and
tendencyto
or
color.
of
measured,
will be
We
a
one
got
the
glazingover
coat
of
may
best
a
The
there
fullness
more
than
results
of
must
that
degree
with, its
and,
of
what
its pure
all
were
from
rately
accu-
successive
of labor and
to be
is
hundred
one
of three
in
use
set of blinds
These
each
We
use.
away
;
the
to the
oil for
raw
cost, both
be known
ground
of
the
that the amount
body-colorand
this,moreover,
in
paint in
the
given,so
this kind
job of
it out
the surface
cityhouse.
weighed.
carefully
coats
a
and
periments
ex-
able
objection-
formidable
so
by paintinga
concluded
first-class
a
series of
of the
clear
included
course
experiments,and
in the first
sentence
some
it
trickle,from
green
Our
teration
adul-
state.
lessen,if not altogetherdo
run,
Its
rule, Paris-
a
to
non-dryingjDroperty
important,to present it
rear
as
pure
driven
almost
most
the
from
safelyrecommend
to
larger
extensive
conducting a
rendered
have
much
preparing Paris-greenfor
freed
have
which
been
to
consumer,
and,
a
chrome-
as
a
The
given surface.
a
concluding
had
article,
we
;
offered in
in the
with
over
materials
in oil is not
mentioned
and
great temptation to
worthless
ground
green
offers
much
as
names,
quantity is required to spread
107
covering property.
twice
of its endless
any
PIGMENT.
terial,
ma-
in
expended
beforehand.
through applyingthe
before
yellowochre, as
two
not be
coats
any
of
green
stated
as
"
Paris-green. In
extra
effort made
to
AND
HOUSE
108
CARRIAGE
A
tlie under-coat.
cover
but
be
fact
that blinds
of touch
; and
it is not
of the
in
is,to pleasethe
mind, too, that they are
in their proper
how
matter
standingin
when
exhibited
be asked
viewed
in order
softened
to
so
long
the
as
thereby.
best
The
that
'^
best
work
the
the window-frames.
a
good
effect
need
An
and
selves
themwell
artist,
however,
takes
exhibit
his
coarser
paintingmay
be
when
enchanting.
of the work
? The
ure,
pict-
Things viewed
repulsive,but,
painted to
not
appear
must
he would
matter
is not
look
hardly divest
can
lovelyand
of
may
they
they have
surface
results
distance,as
a
effect.
possible
harsh
What
if
be
felt
If
is
rough,
the
better,
be
attained
of, but
to be
at."
Outside
than
when
appear
:
from
of this kind
proximity.
get the
will be
answer
looked
that work
made
ever
how-
through
belongings,more
Painters
by distance,become
objectionbe
the
proper
the canvas,
closelyoften
too
paint-shop;
for.
in close
from
sense
It must
eye.
ill-conditioned
or
in their
of the idea
away
the
looked
or
the
not
to be viewed
not
places,hanging to
coarse
when
you
body-color
slightest
consequence
but
microscope,or with spectacles,
when
for,
tant
be, so long as they fulfillthe impor-
"
No
the
paintedto pleasethe sightand
are
requisition which
seen
not be looked
job must
constantlykept in view, namely,
not be too
can
rough they may
a
GRAINING.
seen.
This
borne
solid
transparent glazing through which
a
may
AND
PAINTING,
three
blinds,whether
coats,and
four ; that
new
is,firsta
new
or
old,should
have
not
less
blinds will be the better for having
coat of blue
or
then
lead-color,
a
PARIS-GREEN
followed
body-color,
coat of
used
as
four
second
the
elapse between
process,
because
the
than
a
rough
not
on
but
Paris-green,
in the
not escape,
and
two
work
in
three
should
finishing
part
any
be
days,
weeks
of the
cbats
less
be used
must
apt
paint must
be
to
of
the
run
on
be exhibited in
thin
be
enough
to work
stirred
frequently
of
particles
in the end
applyingthe
and
beingimpossible,
it should
coarser
be found
in
need
it cover, that result
that the
pot, so
but
second
too thin ; and
not
stand
surface.
brush
The
desirable.
but
easily,
days ;
may
care
extraordinary
no
109
coatingsof Paris-green,
will
Paris-green
smooth
the effort to mahe
not
five
or
good, well-worn
A
two
sandj)aperthe
Do
a
by
first and
color.
PIGMENT.
A
lead coat
The
glazing.
a
the
and
AS
the
settled in
color may
hard
cake
groundwork, should
bear
a
at the bottom.
The
out w^ith
used
of
coat
a
kind
body-color,or
of
in this coat will
coat of green
givea
put
any kind
may
thinned
on
be used
painterswho
Those
when
in
are
to, the
use
of
a
clear
with
that you
be
this
raw
oil.
*so
first
Paris-green
No
boiled
drier
oil
of
injures
the tone.
apt to
see
^'a lion in the
of the
of difficulties
in, and
objections
they will exclaim,
poisonousstuff,which
transparent that
way,"
track, will
beaten
it with
constantlystirring
sinking,and
for the
coats of
Paris-green. *^What!"
"paint blinds
must
host
two
thinning,and
anything is presentedout
readilyconjureup
it from
The
with
and purityof
delicacy
the
better foundation
color.
finishing
be
must
littlehard-dryingvarnish
half-gloss.A
a
is
so
coarse
stick to
it will not
keep
cover
110
HOUSE
even
over
AND
its
without
the
"
prize!
On
A
surmounted.
color
of
name
the
even
up
green
and
blind, one
'^sicklied
the
other
too, is not
so
long
the
on
as
a
must
labor
of what
will
with
of
;
bear
to
durable, so
so
sides to
This
from
singleparticleof
sunshine,
two
no
darkness.
summer,
the
but
nence,
permacontinues
to year ;
year
pigment
shall
will
painted surface,that singleparticle
to reflect its
of such
a
Is the
color.
originalemerald
result not worth
the
pale" suspicionof
a
singleseason,
a
and
velvety,
to faintness in the
o'er with
been
comparison,and
entitled
in the shadow
matter
a
win
permanent,
so
grim
righton, through winter
and
being
fading out
blackness
color, and
of
then,
darkening to
every
Just
etc.
good thing
think
sick in
grow
pretense
No
away
any
would
hand,
"
brilliant,
deep, rich,and
so
; and
unchangeable !
that
run
all these difficultiesshall have
that all other so-called greens
give
to
applied?
yet got
ever
other
GRAINING.
threatens
be
*'He
the
gained when
been
have
who
for it ?
working
which
too much
drop
a
disciple.But
60, timid
for
if
AND
PAINTING,
color,and
own
the work
from
CARRIAGE
extra
some
main
re-
tinue
con-
plishment
accom-
pains and
labor ?
set of blinds before
The
as
follows
feet
had
seen
blinds
each
three
long,three
They
be
:
a
five,and
were
six feet six inches
blinds,as
This
would
they show
of
width
uniform
that these all
pair.
ten feet
pairswere
were
mentioned
on
the
three
were
of dimensions
long,three
four
equivalentof
inches.
It will
twelve
pairsof
high by twenty-one
town
and
a
seven
feet,respectively.
twenty-one
be about
were
fair average
country
inches
for
houses.
wide,
outside
These
PARIS-GREEN
blinds
first
were
After
the
put
was
green
of pure
put
thick
color and
in
it
as
with
in
comes
six
pounds
of this mixture
was
nine and
used
were
four
pounds
of
half
one
j^ounds of
oil for
raw
of material
cost
for
was
thinning.
paintingblinds
show
with
Paris-green:
pure
Tioelvc
pairs,6 fed
1st coat,
G inches
"
15
.
3d
coat,
21 inches ; blinds
paintedthree coats.
at
25
cts
at
raris-green,
45
cts
$6 75
$1
,.
"
^
6
9^
"
4
"
^
^
at
12
cts
72
at
Paris-green,
45
cts
4 27
12
cts
48
oil,
raw
oil,
raw
at
7 47
4 75
Total
givesabout
This
paint for
of the
twenty-one
the
upon
in the
$13 72
one
three
inches
manner,
to say that
a
the color
good job
as
singlepairof
this is
course,
used.
as
the cost
six feet
by
predicated
Indeed, nothing
result ; and
it is
Paris-greencan
not
usuallysold
to cost of
a
fifteen cents
the very best material,prepared
such
of
on
Of
will be
produce any
as
coats
blinds.
of this will
given
dollar and
suppositionthat
best
50
?.
coat, "{
{
x
pounds body color,
6
(
2d,
"
with
or
first coat of Paris-
thinned
the whole
chrome
being consumed
of green,
pounds
oil,was
dark
coat
standingten days,the finishing
about
glance the
a
of color
HI
will
followingrecapitulation,
given in figures,
The
at
in
ground
in this
and
on,
Fifteen
After
consumed.
of
coat
a
pounds
and
linseed-oil,
raw
PIGMENT.
standingfour days,the
on.
when
cans
A
painted with
six
body-green,about
the work.
AS
labor,as
in the
shops.
this must
No
short
safe
entirely
be
effected
figuresare
depend, in
a
great
HOUSE
112
degree,
on
experienced
a
price
fair
make
one
who
have
into
use
green
time,
place,
city
painter
for
under
soon
outside
as
work
which
a
trial
discarded
because
gives
it
real
of
is,
as
Paris-
to
suggest
Paris-green
of
;
and
to
bring
after
all,
it,
and
pair
per
would
We
old
two
conditions
favorable
possible,
and
essayed
never
and
dollars
body-color
blinds.
used
heretofore
as
for
trial,
An
three
names
of
GRAINING.
circumstances.
and
outside
have
AND
PAINTING,
coat
one
who
painters
those
to
CARRIAGE
ordinary
on
green
AND
satisfaction.
to
it
the
those
back
only
CHAPTER
GRAIJ^IJs^G
*^The
Art
of
taught
in
Twelve
caption
to
this
childlike
in this
"
chapter,
and
it true.
We
"
one
must
the
the
the
As
no
faces
exactly similar.
a
would
long
be
reach
of
of
the
and
For
student, always
presents
all neutral
white.
One
may
this
a
in
it
from
a
To
imitate
of
skill,and
of
the
two
of
talent,as
face ;
wood
pieces of
which
with
direction.
same
grainer
servatio
ob-
fancy
human
must
for
Vandyke-brown
knot
cess
suc-
painting
piece
Oak-wood,
learner.
goal of
development
in the
the
reason
browns,
see
no
common-
art of
a
same
lineaments
alike, so
are
and
the
figures in
care,
would
patient study, close
faculties,the
same
souls
for truth
that, to
"taking"
a
dispelsuch simple
to
sorry
regard
road
Fancy Woods,
credulous
some
degree,perhaps, but
same
two
and
branches
required to portray the
in the
Colored
veins, grains, and
perceptive power,
not
ART.
practice,practice,practice.
same
be
a
declare
wood, requiresthe
are
FII^E
are
in all other
travel
and
colors
to
us
as
A
Imitating
faith ; but
compels
sense
AS
Easy Lessons,"
believe
certainly
and
XII.
is the
are
always
example,
to almost
color
of
is not
ing
to
out
the
from
the
a
altogether
undertone
in
and
become
softer
in
as
followed
variety, presents
avoid
rather
The
shabby
fancy
most
Natural
would
animal-painter
specimens
offers
Nature
to
show
those
interesting
deformities,
perpetuating.
growth
color
when
and
age
of
exposed
and
put
These
if the
learner
In
woods.
art, Nature
in
the
comes
use.
natural
which
which
it
as
influences,
Nature,
his
on
which
as
select
not
select
should
"
of
presence
must
not
her
endless
painter
would
imitate.
than
woods
polished.
or
respected, too,
specimens
many
the
with
closely ; because
too
reddish
yellowish red, which
imitative
of
branches
other
ished.
pol-
or
warm,
yarnished
imitator
but
black-walnut,
the
natural
tone
and
successful
a
from
atmospheric
known
be
must
unfinished
of
the
colors,
varnished
too, change
other
to
of
115
natural
when
on
surface,
Woods,
planer.
richer, mellower,
this,
and
rich
suspected
its
when
reflects
be
ART.
in
different
wood
a
FINE
gray
the
light
would
of
blackish
beneath
conditions
be
puts
from
not
would
on
it
is, too,
glows
to
shades
this
which
There
wood
is
Instance,
brown
the
cold,
The
for
represent
and
tlie tones
in
A
AS
GRAINING
for
are
objects
except
as
from
canvas
; so,
imitation
most
of
the
the
and
curiosities, are
the
imitator
the
pleasing
study
flock
best
to
which
the
eye,
observation.
not
worth
CHAPTER
IMITATIONS
PAINTED
OF
XIII.
COLORED
CALLED
The
fancy
art
of
woods
GRAINING.
imitating the grain, knots,
is, like
all
painting
and
constant
the
possession,or
as
practice.
which
a
shades
eye
hues
and
should
person
of
rather,
in
of
of
dependent
on
those
faculties
this
profession
detectingsimilarityin
imitative
indispensable in
are
nianii^ulation,
colors
long-continued
hardly adopt
prompt
color,
and
in this line is
deyelopment
specialty.An
a
Success
and
merely mechanical,
not
acquired by study, close observation,
without
TECHNICALLY
WOODS,
and
power,
the
delicate
of
make-up
good
a
grainer.
Formerly
among
his
the
house-painter
sign-painting,gilding,and
but
of late years
undivided
it has
attention
art
those
the
of
have,
predilection. Therefore,
certain
themselves
as
seem
^^grainersto the
some
branches
to
or
a
include
well
as
of the trade
for
custom
several
to
graining as
branches
all other
become
to
they individuallyhave,
taste,or
the
accomplishments
supposed
was
for
to
;
give
which
specialfaculty,
workmen
trade,"
*'
nate
desig-
sign-writers
GRAINING.
to the
villagessufficient
teach the
To
woods
to make
Even
sound.
; but
be
is
a
be
a
to
towns
men
permit work-
by
the
various
set of written
a
impossibility
an
much
perfectionin
of
practiceand
that
great deal
be
can
easilythan
the
much
told,and
can
same
being the knowledge experimentallygained by
skill and
branch
particular
The
for
has
materially,
this kind
generalthan
affection
of
for
and
painting is
woods,
at
revived,and
now
one
time
the
ion
fash-
prevalent and
more
much
be
desired,have
dark
shown
enable
necessarily
requirein
oak
brushes
herein
been
supplantedby
and
black-walnut.
and
other
with
novice
the
case
that
mahogany, rosewood, and maple,
as
varietyof
descriptionto
this
perfectedin
painting.
of late years
light and
grainingcan
those
before,the difference being simply
once
were
of
ever
certain kinds
number
of the art of
by practice,the
dispositionfor grained work, which
declined
which
become
custom, have
art
tion
observa-
close
that
who, with
of
by teaching the theory
degree
acquired,more
and
specialdepartment.
much
as
musician
onlyby
there
small
branch
one
architecture
tolerable
a
obtained
be
can
domestic
finished
a
in
only
course,
imitatingthe grain of
directions,would
and
being
not
entirelyto
art of
in
used
obtain,of
can
in any
work
themselves
to devote
rules
custom
largerplaces,there
in the
as
This
trade," etc.
117
to
he shall be
order
The
tools used
sufficient
accuracy
what
an
in
of
will
he
disposed to practice
the imitative art.
Formerly
the
art
of
graining in
few,
by comparatively
and
the
oil-colors
knowledge
was
ticed
prac-
of the
pig-
HOUSE
118
and
ments
CARRIAGE
AND
secret.
Tlie writer
himself
in the
oil and
much
printingage
was
There
is
those
these
only
not
occult
of the
requireonly to
within
the
art, is removed
practiceand
AVhen
quackery
mania
bear
brought
and
placed
results
the artist who
In
to
only
these,our
to
times,
but
the
necessityrequirea knowledge
materials
which
he would
to
fit them
for use,
use,
placed
are
practiceof graining,by
the
those
instruction
advantagesof practical
"how
are
claims
known
process
of all.
the would-be
to do
all the
rest
who
in the
grainerhas only to
it," and
stacles
ob-
comes
learn
by
observation.
and
wherever
groundwork,
in mind
times.
the reach
in
the
followingpages
proportionsare given for producing certain
for
have
Its best
quack.
of the
in younger
Therefore, the greatestof
of the
; and
theory of
the
"megilp."
ready-made grainingcolors,which
be thinned
in the way
the
of the
his easy reach.
have not had
of
not
of the fact that
because
with heated
mysterious compoundings,
no
simple names
a
mysterious
a
is called
art.
; and
as
pretended
or
compoundings,
secret
some
grainerdoes
would-be
wax
knowledge within
by
there
are
brown
book-making
be set down
himself, may
in
than
common
gained only by patientlabor
accomplish
work
trade,"
trickeryin
truly no
real
a
what
the
the
hidden
once
common
less
and
of
light most
what
of
GRAINING.
professedgrainer involve
a
make
turpentine to
are
professors,
to
seen
was
secrecy, and
utmost
little "tricks
These
The
has
simply mixing
when
way,
used
materials
other
AND
PAINTING,
or
for
other
purposes,
the fact that the looked-for
rules
tones
the
results
tints
and
reader
can
and
will
not be
GRAINING.
by the
reached
in
given, either
the
readilysee
the
best
reader
to
not
is white-lead
colored
sienna
to
only in
name,
mixture,
unlike
as
the sale of it is unlike
purchase
ever
bear
the
as
rule,
a
that
in
a
by
the label
important article
favorite
it the
to
establishments
parts
of
article in
such
The
a
the
are
country
use
shameful
extent
mechanical
its
been,
time
from
common
fact that
have
with
for it is
demand
The
success.
to
wliich
tests,
the
so
to time
the
probably has
can
j^urity
are
not
contain,
is indicated
thereof.
is the
name,
painter.
Its
trade,and
has this
without
far,entirely
erected
growing
been
new
in different
want.
adulterated
No
to
indispensablepigment.
be ascertained
known
un-
all attempts
and
always increasing,
supply
as
do
the
have
working qualities,
easy
pigment
supersedeit
of the
not
know,
throughout
its familiar
in the stock
equaled density,opacity,and
made
does
should
the exterior
by
as
well-known
some
packages
on
clay-
sienna
which
sold
that
is a
state,the article,which
known
well
White-lead, so
most
The
brand
or
of
the
beg
paintershould
consumer
ground paints
highlyadulterated
No
give
lead
Italian
color
ground
The
genuine.
not
country are
even
the
genuine
guarantee
responsiblemanufacturer.
will
sienna which
dealing.
of
and
name
result with
with
honest
package
a
it the
upon
and
white- lead
When
graining,we
that
produce
expect
those
ard,
stand-
in the dark.
with
light oak
absolute
some
working
tinted
for
groundwork
differ from
qualit}^ Every painter should
or
shall all be
we
Italian
raw
say
kind
which
necessityof adopting
otherwise
we
materials
of
use
119
only to
by
chemical
or
the initiated,has
is not
the
which
seller of
is to the
white-lead
brands
counterfeited
fraudulently
been
leadingarticle. What
a
of
name
and
the marks
is known
is what
White-lead
imitated.
and
as
have
chaser
pur-
This, even,
containingpackage bears.
manufacturers
of well-known
the
paint is the
the
because
security,
absolute
an
trade
genuinenessof
of the
the maker
extremely
to-day the only guarantee which
difficult ; and
has
its detection
easy, and
this adulteration
rendered
GRAINING.
AND
PAINTING,
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
120
the
is to
sugar
grocer,
It is almost
paints.
in
where
every-
.
sold at
merely nominal
a
readilyaccepts anything bearing the
he
lead which
and
whereby this
means
effected,would
necessary
In
of the
or
giving directions
of
mixture
as
the wind.
If the
It would
give directions
buff,for instance,if
were
is
consumer
here, and
a
of the
rest
we
all that
reproducingthese tints,it
for
absolutely
necessary
for the writer to
tone
the
nually
an-
contain
not
fact,as being
otherwise
be first established,
uncertain
are
statement
upon
sumer.
con-
is
important.
of course,
as
seller's
the
white-lead
detailed
fraud
part of
do
hardly necessary
seem
simple statement
a
upon
A
that material.
the
of
the
white-
genuine article.
the
States which
United
the
singlegrain of
ways
price of
of so-called
of tons
Thousands
sold in
of pure
name
disappointmenton
extreme
but
profit,
the tradesman
enhancement
satisfactory
is,a
result
The
sell at the
can
and
profit;
not
white, which
the
same
must
that
worse
for the
the materials
in
form
qualityas
the
base of proceedings
results would
our
be
some
base
comes,
be-
than
be
vanity
producinga given
necessary to the
well
and
as
quantity.
bulk
of the
GRAIXING.
mixture, be
of
it,and
quantityof
At the risk of
unexpected.
writer
the
repetition,
be
must
be
If
would
yellow ochre
1. The
the
purer
the less it costs to do
2. A
Every
only two
of
man
which
sugar
are
intellect to
of pure
the
and
one.
consumer
ten
whatever
whatever
and
This
painter,once
other
It
time
with
lay
to
kind,
be performed
the best
not to
that
nominal
economical
ing
buy-
priceis
ing.
proceed-
buy paints every
sand, or
other worthless
some
priceis less
requirea
very
than
brilliant
a pound
that,in distributing
for ten
of so-called
ground paints,
packages instead
when
profits
is made
digression
all,with
an
the nominal
the fact
ten
the
consumers
half
ought
has to pay
for
if you
grade or degree.
understand
can
through ten pounds
freightsand
to
character,can
sand, because
than
comprehend
color
ever
what-
lead,at
cheapestpaints.
is half
color.
If white-
the better it is of its
painting,of
material,simplybecause
that of pure
cally,
economi-
will do well
common-sense
more
of the
:
paint,and
paintersand
which
entirely
demanded, get it pure,
thirds that of sugar, is not
Yet
day
with the
than
be done
pure
the
unnecessary
the best materials.
less first cost of money
a
be
the attention
painting,to
consumer
job of painting,of
at
rather
is
followingaxioms
the
heart
again call
performed with
Every painter and
can.
reproduce
would
course,
required to paint a house, get
cost.
to
necessary
being charged with
to the fact that all
consumer
lead
color
fictitious imitation
only a
used, the result,of
tint be
given
white-lead,but
not
the
121
in the
he should
hope
the absolute
of
of one,
pay
only
impressingthe
of su]3plynecessity
CHAPTER
GROUKD
in
AND
at
alternate
strips,one
yellow to lightumber
becomes
labor
of
strip,to put
as
on
will enable
the
woods
and
body
a
oak,
and
black-brown
ground
color
the workman
and
of
in
order
for the
the
to
produce
lightred-
the
dinary
extraor-
of
either
a
or
wood
colors
liglitest
the
It
separate width
ground
the
pale
walnut.
to avoid
for each
to show
graining color
black- walnut
from
respectivelypresent, trustingto
and
ash,
course,
differs
in tone
and
for
an
the color
may
expert
of the
it would
brightness can
be
the
which
greater depth
darker
of
color
the
; but
to make
a
Attention
fair
shades.
be
job of
to
it to be
subdued
by
ground,
be
a
difficult
black- walnut
the
on
this fact to show
that
less consequence
light enough,
the
of
both
mentioned,
not
is,after all,of
supposing
always
others
it would
is called
groundwork
seem,
Black-walnut
same.
materiallyfrom
depth
maple ground.
than
such
a
oak
yarietyof tints,from
a
in the
tone
making
of
nut,
ground-color for lightoak, maple, satinwood, chest-
The
task
sees
therefore, in
necessary,
COLORS.
wall
or
deepest
to
yellow-brown
GRAINING
wainscot
Looking
a
XIV.
use
of
a
as
its
greater
of
quantity
It
is, however,
in
color,
that
order
and
wipe
also
should
in
In
in
shops
cloudy
muddy,
the
surface
than
colors.
In
second
they
alike
will
are
be
first
case
utterly
the
worth
the
best
unattainable.
to
of
a
cover
impure,
results
are
may
generally
will
present
a
tory.
unsatisfac-
colors
dollar's
a
or
case
are
and
best
that
reason
sufficient
dollars'
three
the
the
for
inartistic
economy,
cleanly
the
as
work
the
in
siennas,
as
such
used,
country,
of
matter
colors
pure
the
appearance,
preferable,
the
Vandyke-brown,
be
face
sur-
graining-colors
Italian
best
the
comb
The
the
coat.
uniform
and
shall
brightly.
of
that
solid,
graining-color
colors
common
the
smooth,
German
or
If
be
compounded
be
require.
prime
and
glazing
importance
of
the
clearly
out
umber,
Turkey
sold
shall
work
the
of
matter
a
GRAINING.
the
and
graining-color
dark
tlie
AND
PAINTING,
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
124
gether
alto-
are
worth
much
larger
so-called
possible
of
cheap
;
in
the
CHAPTER
TOOLS
There
brushes
of
of
which
the
difificulties.
understood
of
means
practiced
eye,
appliances
good
workman
indifferent
find
tools and
be
man,
work-
hand
and
and
does
and
means
novice
for.
use
work
tools ; but
avail
der
un-
skill,by
the
may
must
best
may
which
hardly
a
and
effects with
produce
could
such
use
be
it must
cunning
a
exjoert
labor
Yet
that
through
tions
imita-
would
would
loss,and
a
the
without
most
professional grainer
at
in
painted
fancy woods,
even
GRAINING.
tools and
indispensable
production
FOR
KEQUIKED
certain
are
XV.
the
himself
materfals
A
with
Badger-hair
Blender
or
Softener.
skilled
un-
of
all the
place within
advantages
his reach.
which
First
the
in im-
126
HOUSE
AND
CARRIAGE
i
to
ing-color
AND
GRAINING.
B
yteel
portance,after
PAINTING,
the brushes
the
Grainiiig-Couib.
necessary
groundwork, comes
PiltodMaple Over- (or Top-)
for
a
applyingthe grain-
badger-hairblender
Graiucr.
TOOLS
and
softener
the
few
Formerly, a
with
one
the
same
piece of
of
use
the
combs
of
one
the
cotton
is in
short
a
the
teeth
of
with
respect
leather
list,with
a
cloth.
or
rag
every
equivalentof
the
comb.
a
er
topof
er
over-grain
(a drawing
is
given),comprises all
extraordinarytools
the
in and
rest
about
being
every
quired,
re-
mon
comii:'hii
"'"'"M,i;,,iii(i,,i,w|[||,i|i|:|||iHiiiri,,|,[||M|||i't|i!|.i
nary
ordi-
Oak
paint-shop,and
of
comb
result is effected
being covered
the
Each
clear,distinct grain
the
which
four inches wide.
inches,
two
ing
comb-
combs,
This
wide, three
coarse.
coarsest
This
twelve
com^n^ises
being fine,
coarse
required,the
by
ond,
sec-
indispensable
;
when
now,
inch
one
in
leather
considered
but
is
and
set of these
125) ;
page
in each
teeth,one
medium,
were
A
on
127
varies
widths
of the four widths
GRAINIXG.
is shown
three
companions
size of the
one
are
inches,and
several
its
from
of which
three
three three
in
of which
(a cut
graining-combs.
steel
combs,
FOR
REQUIRED
a
brushes,
painter'sduster,two
and
a
Over-
(or Top-) Graiiier.
ing
consist-
i)ieceof
clean
or
three
cotton
flat bristle
rag.
For
or
fitch
graining
HOUSE
128
maple,
AND
described
of
under
this
five
or
called
tool
a
CARRIAGE
of
set
six
head
the
It
dollars.
use
of
of, for
work
the
large stores
plain,and
that
in
the
least
not
be
for
tlie remark
of
scrij^tions
the
lesson
tools
of how
that
brushes
get
that
that,
and
to
to
is to
work
the
over
use
them.
noted
not
give
brushes,
say
for
made
or
surfaces, such
Avill be
will
reader
be
cost
outside,
required
are
the
to
The
understood
extended
very
the
at
will
the
is much
take
names
as
mostly
be
largestpossible
possible time, require the
The
to
certainly,
and
Graining.
Maple
These, however,
appropriate i)lace.
the
be,
it is necessary
larger brushes.
teach
will
where
warerooms,
wlien
space
must
other
GRAINING.
Maple Graining."
^^
Cutter
no
reason
or
of
grainer'stools
CameFs-bair
all kinds
is necessary,
cutter
a
AND
PAINTING,
use
each
of
in its
exception,
and
easier than
deto
CHAPTER
XVI.
LIGHT-OAK
The
is
does
common
that
of
It will be
that
it
The
yellow observable
in
a
in the
much
the
in finished
oak
the
from
of
tint.
a
raw
pure
sienna,
The
the
too
reason
light-oakgrained work
the
none
place
deprecated,for
by studying
the
natural
wood,
chrome-yellow
of varnish
coats
tone.
is derived
furniture
successive
opinion
obtains
used
ground.
This
significanceas
be
is true
is
a
fair
lightand
with
the
of both
dark-oak
be suitable
mixed
in
a
with
important
dark
specialreference
but
measure,
generallyascribed
less
job
professionalgrainers that
among
is
graining-color
as
is
soft
of
graining-colorshould
to the
and
in
and
of
finishingprocess.
The
the
measure
do
to make
seen,
reflects,mainly,
great
will
chrome-yellow
imitation
of white-lead
clear
so
the
for
use
ochre
general tendency is
yellow.
too
Golden
produce
not
use
the
the
produced by
sienna.
Italian
but
recommended
ground-color
lightoak
GRAINING.
than
oak
to
the
may
supposing
graining-color,
in either
case.
In
making
a
has
it.
In
not
so
fact,
groundwork,
be
the
performed
ground
to
ground-colorwith
LIGHT-OAK
be
quantitymay
ever
GRAINING.
the
fresh,and
color
evaporationof
exclude
to
can
the
turpentine to
a
be
may
be
gained
durable
using
because
a
without
with
reference
grain and
done
but, as
glaze and
the
by
use
much
is not
erator is assured
of
little
is
his
much
It is
to
one
the
work
of
an
the color
with
from
is
undue
oil and
will be
tained
ascer-
of
boiled
much
as
drying
too
advantage to
no
will not
be
any
more
of oil
i:)ro2)ortion
will be
drying,so
varnish
in
decidedlybetter
to be
as
on
the
japan
in market
desirable to
day, it
be
may
good jajjandrier
is made
now
advised,except in
the
ready on
it be
same
or
japan gold-size,
cases
;
without
where
the o]:*-
qualityand genuineness.
will at first fall into the
learner
other
side of
to ruh
back
it
the
prevent
portion
glazing-coat. If
a
color will make
common
The
use
A
this,there
thinning ; but, as
for
required,
be thinned
color
too
graining-color
preferableto
and. to
thinning,but only so
the
hand,
is
gloss. Ordinarily,
graining-color
of its
beginner or
mixing
too
of
of the
shellac,its use
The
it.
in
portion of
work.
secure
for the
followingday
That
the varnish-coat
surface
mixed
the
of the
thinning,and
the
on
in
to
work
turpentineto keep
dust
must
the
on
to hold
quickly. Except
the
which
consistency,
required in
necessary
the
use
proper
by trying it
oil will be
with
turpentine.
for immediate
intended
do
to
required,
covering the remaining
131
"
that
"
this is most
door
is almost
that
look
is,he
will
quantityof
infinitesimal.
muddy
is,paint
"
use
easilyremedied,
The
extreme.
the Avork
in
thick
error
and
all the
panel-moldingsbefore proceeding to put
it
color
Too
slovenly.
panels and
in tlie
work,
as
wipes
the color
in too much
rub
will
of work
done
before
in
them
this line
to this
the other
side,where
workmen
good
laxityof
is
Allusion
any
rather
of
of which
tlie
perfectionwere
a
view
skill
acquired on
of
with
out
turning
The
us.
system, of
ticeship,
appren-
reallyfinished
the difficultiesin the
to
words,
perceptivefaculties.
toAvard
With
and
brought with
any
branch
must, after all is said,really
To
more
lack
made
instructions.
prove
have
of written
means
no
who
among
of the trades.
written
has
use
of the best workmen
than
possible
would
that
trade terms
or
common
that most
more
practicaldemonstration
language
in
"
renders
rigid system of apprenticeship
alreadybeen
acquired through
put
technical
knowledge
in the way
knowledge
"
reason
the
a
teaching,by
of
of art, a
be
has
must
lights.
those
are
much
in almost
workmen
way
bar
a
of the
the
work
system, or
our
"sap"
or
to be
Englishmen,
country
portionof
"dapiDles"requiresthe combing
the
are
It will work
that
that
for
English grainers,
to
in ; while
wiping out
throughout this
is
after the work
It will be observed
used
"veins"
not
the work
case,
cleanly.
out
wipe
If the
taken
be
because, in such
is to receive the
called
little.
a
must
care
GRAINING.
grainer's
expression. That
until
the
;
or
the
use
combed
kind
once
well
which
the surface
be
at
comb
not
claggy,"to
not
it has set
after
better
out
AND
PAINTING,
however,
quick-drying,
color be
*'
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
132
be
lead
better
the
than
no
; but
grammar
fruitless tlian the writer
to the fullest elucidation
a
liour of
volume
of
half-taught learner
comparatively
easy
alphabet and
An
even
to
teach
may
a
haps
per-
anticipates.
of the process, and
to
LIGHT-OAK
make
I33
to
it,if possible,
comi^rehensible
him
to
GRAINING.
it is
who
has
never
to
proposed
seen
begin with
the
with
applyingthe graining-color
operation,in regularorder
The
tools
of
in
necessary
of
job
a
^'^
the
performed,
^graining
and
"
first
that
"
continue
its
procedure,to
the
in"
rubbing
brush
a
greatestnovice,
stage of
is,
the
completion.
the work
are
for puttingon
simplya moderatelystiff brush, or sash-tool,
the color ; a dry paint-brush,
ing
or
painter's
duster,for cleanthe corners,
up
color may
rag for
These
wiping
in the
practice,the
into the
color
'^'^
term
be
uniform
its well
much
than
will be
like
more
like
painting,
the word.
sand-papered coat
receptionof
the
rubbed
in with
surface.
The
stippledwith
up.
door
will make
it look
must
be taken
to have
be
as
is
supposed
now
of
graining-color.This
^^
color
"
blotchy
remembered,
by
"
to
corners
they surely will
the color
color,but
as
dry brush, so
a
on
when
present a
should
be
not
to
as
if not
appear
any
part of
finished.
grain is shown,
wiping out," so
as
the
Care
In oak
evenlydistributed.
the
is
pale-strawground
paint-brushso
much
Too
properlycleaned
darker
the
of
beads, molds, and
muddy,
graining,it will
coat of oil
bristle-ends
the
dirtyand
adding a
in"
rubbing
groundwork
the first
door, that being the subjectto operate upon,
the
the
combing.
reallyrequired for
are
much
cotton
for the
preliminaries
being completed,it
ready with
look
all which
soft,clean,worn
a
;
supposingtoo
"
set of combs
a
ordinaryacceptationof
All
must
beads
understood, the performance being
rubbingthe
for
In
and
thereto
out ; and
comprise
better
that
adhered
have
operation.
molds,
not
by
to leave
color which
show
rule,to
a
rather
elaboration
all should
and
graining,
fact
The
be well
than
workmanlike
and
Almost
with
may,
who
man
any
job of grainedwork
it be not
though
the
will
the veined
ordinarily.
that clean
is much
will not
of
respectable
more
at
attempt
ends
of
work,
display.
paint-brush
a
graining colors,turn
creditable
very
There
general appearance.
understood
and
advised,
in character
same
the two
knows
wliich
a
similar
abortive
an
ground
proper
plainwork.
be
simple straightcombing,
with
it is
stiles to show
present
must
ing
represent-
is not recommended
panels must
corres2:"onding
The
remains
attention,and
the rails and
on
much
and
them
on
enough
be space
work,
first receive
panelswill
The
GRAINING.
the wood.
portionof
the darker
AND
PAINTING,
groundwork clean,the
the
as
CABRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
134
offend
off
a
good taste,even
imitation
of the
natural
wood.
to be
Supposing the panelsare
of the
color,is to wipe
to
bottom, with
to
wipe
in
off
part of
a
held
rag
looselyin
to comb
clean ; then
it in
gested,
sug-
application
streaks,from
the
so
fingers,
each
in its turn
top
not
as
with
lengthwise,repeatingthe operation
fine combs
similar
a
a
the wood
of the
one
the
proceeding in order, after
first
the
has been
grained,as
with
manner
a
comb
still finer than
that
used
in the first combing.
this
To
; and
who
can
manner.
branch
point the
such
work
paint
Now
process
may
a
door
it
ceases
of fine art.
be
with
to
will have
been
performed by
plain color
be
ical
simplymechan-
house-painter
any
in
a
workmanlike
mechanical, and
becomes
a
LIGHT-OAK
The
with
at
in
(The horn
That
of course,
the constant
it with
rag
The
and
how
not
its
in
out
finer lines with
which
the
In
with
performs
good
a
the
lights
with
clean
perform what,
spiteof
the
recovering
of the
be thrown
must
piece.
he learn
nothing more,
at first sight,appears
his best
so
the lights
will
efforts,
the natural
wood
i)erseverance
;
but, as
tice
prac-
only Avill deserve
suggest
to
the
beholder
gratulate
con-
may
performance.
Supposing the panels
worse," the moldings will
the
necessitates
and blotches,he
quail-tracks
his
will
so
the whole
color,it
first effort shall
on
and
will,
tory,
not, probably,prove very satisfac-
perfect,so
himself
This
When
a
thumb
color, and
thumb,
the rag.
dapplesin
than
the
covers
beginnerwill learn,if
If his
rail,with
the
placesuppliedwith
anything better
wiped
takingout
wiping cleanly.
saturated
only makes
success.
for
saturated
portionof
simple.
resemble
be
required
hardly imagine
can
rag which
first attempt will
the
the
member,
used
uncovering of
difficult it is to
easy and
the
effective
shall become
aside,and
tool
thumb.
one
become
clean
a
useful
comes
be-
hereafter.)
soon
be
thumb-nail
lightswill
useful
we
by coveringthe
the
finger,and
tool sometimes
portionof
to
the
at least
w^illbe described
done
rag, and
broader
that
part
a
grainerwithout
cease
The
nail of that most
important
I35
important and
fleshypart of
the
lightsis
cotton
the most
once
the covered
so
pieceof
a
operation.
the
with
of tlie
taking out
thumb
GRAINING.
to
be
be
combed
center,top, and
for
finished ''for better
and
plainly,
bottom
dle
the mid-
will
stiles,
come
136
HOUSE
next
in order.
in
in, each
rubbed
turn,
stiles will be
middle
the middle
rail.
rail.
In this order
not rubbed
of
The
the
case
will be necessary
care
lap over
jointsin
the
on
the
parts
finishing
be.
may
will
by itself,
work
of
or
wiping
veined
precede it,as
and
bottom
be
time.
the
rails will
case
stiles can
The
outer
and
this will finish
for the
with
of
be heavier
and
is now
oil-graining
ready
with
set
so
the
is
actually
comb
coarse
veined
or
panels.
finished
portion
The
top
that
plainly;
is,
straightgrain.
necessity
than
coarser
far
as
the
aside,and
water-color,supposing the
intention
Some
portionof
a
continued
wiping out, and
the
which
glazing-coat,
glazewith
grainers
the
In the sap
not
the work
will be
rag
longer than
done
usuallybe
combing, but
coarse
a
will follow
combing
was
with
out
can
savingof
the
graining.
portion no
whatever
as
clear
a
in the art of
not
to be
the broad
on
to the
of the work
The
as
into
be obvious
necessary,
with
into
work
the door
sap
will be
two
of keeping each piececomposing
necessity
greatestnovice
the
time
same
the
The
be rubbed
may
the color may
and treatingeach
distinct,
The
color
the
rails to be
bottom
proceeds.
procedure no
be cut off at
in, to
rails,as
or
The
greatest
applied to
putting the
before
rails at the
bottom
and
wiping the joints,
in
first
be
the work
as
finished
broad
or
and
top
stiles
will
color
GRAINING.
for the
usuallyselected
are
The
AND
PAINTING,
stiles,
leavingthe middle, top, and
middle
in
These
work.
displayof
the
CARRIAGE
AND
the
other
oil-coat is
cerned.
con-
job left
dry,
should
be
be to varnish
the
parts,
same
to
in
done
at
color
once.
as
was
LIGHT-OAK
used
for the first coat,but
advised.
with
before
materials
same
for
glazingcolor
sienna,and
be found
and- the
by
be
in the
in
and
practice,
quantityused
manipulation
in
redeemed,
a
in
with
in
water, and
in the
economical
proper
proportionsas
The
thin,
operation
be
as
process,
skillful
shall
be used
must
good job may
by
than
sienna,burnt
raw
small.
this
measure,
dried,a light
paint-shop.The
the color
a
Etrongly
obtainable
and
such
important,as
is
sand-paperis recommended
now
be very
must
well
ground
is made
Vandyke-brown,
unskillful
may
Colors
convenient
more
prepared
glazingis most
fine
bottles,are
lightoak
best in
of water-color
use
pieceof
glazing.
are
137
oil-coat to be
worn
the
and
color-shops,
of
a
uj? in' wide-mouthed
the
the
Supposing this
rubbing over
put
GRAmma.
a
spoiled
job
poor
handlingin
the
glazing-coat.
Much
in this process,
be done
may
any defect in the
in
is,a yellowercolor
raw
sienna
tone
be desirable
in the
by usingmore
color should
the
work
should
sienna
be
This
is necessary
in the
on
the
^*sap" work,
h
very
yellow
more
be concealed
a
as
was
paletteor
from
a
in water
brush
the
around
The
the color for
fact
thin,lightwash
moldings,and
much
may
that
of the
yand3'ke-brown.
at once,
placed on
parts,as with panels,a
will serve, while
and
by dipping the
thinned
proceeds.
yellowground
thinned
be
not
but
oil-coat,
board, and
some
of burnt
too
be found,
imparted by using more
"
a
dying
reme-
required;
was
glazing-colorsupposing a
or,
"
be
may
justwhat
been
of
way
ground, supposingit shall
to have
not
finishing,
in the
of
pieceof
as
that
the
in
glazing
the knots, and
thicker coat will be necessary.
LIGHT-OAK
further
any
words
to
depth, and
the
from
for the
usually done
kind
doors, and
on
and
combing, with
of
here
dark, as
or
taste and
effect than
of
lighterones,
of
lighterones.
other
paneled
or
group
than
A
work
his hand.
put
in
is shown
Coarse
door.
a
In
tonguedis to
custom
givingvarietyto
the
case
relied
mostly
Some
may
to
on
of the
others Avillbe
dictate.
light ones.
a
a
and
fine
a
The
be.
ness
give distinct-
stripswill
glazedmore
As
strips
the
or
rule,the
be
less
boards
a darker
quitea degree of regularity,
with
to have
make
can
of narrow,
the
wainscot, as
fancy may
two
is
stripshowing dapples and
a
of
glazing,while
between
who
under
come
there
is
was
of work
greater uniformitythan
a
the work.
varietyto
alternate
strips
shade
artist
in executingwhatever
difficulty
no
mode
usual
however,
glazing-coat,
or
workman
a
equal width,
and
the wall
left without
the
distinguish
greatestamount
may
to show
sap-work,is the
and
more
operation described
separate piecescomposing
composing
are
painting. It gives
side-walls,composed
and-groovedboards
in the
the
of wood-work
work,
the
for
that
reason
wainscoting,or
less
faculties which
those
this will find
good job on
art of
shade
requiresthe possessionand
process,
object selected
chosen
lightand
mechanic.
mere
The
to say, in
glow, and transparency; and,
of the
development of
subject. Enough
of the
tone, and
part
any
I39
grainingwhat
higher branches
the
than
the
upon
it is to
conclusion,that
GRAINING.
an
good
This
of dark
effect is
dark
the
on
better
by a
stripin
produced
in
much
followed
ones
occasional
by putting
givesa
a
group
group
doors
panels very
and
light
UO
HOUSE
oak,
and
AND
rails and
the
being in
molding, if
before
black
with
contrast
better than
skillful
a
A
to
The
with
first
we
tools
required are
other
the
lights.
Next
in order
be
well
well
job of graining
outline
sand-paperedsurface,
to
; and
and
graining-color,
state
here
and
It is
shops, vary
tools
er's
paint-
a
rag, to
the
wipe
ready-made
that
burnt
all
are
graining-colors
Italian
the
sienna,
and
and
raw
drop-black,in
requirements of
the
for
impossibleto give due proportions,
these
so
a
much
and
materials,found
in
usually in
being provided, the
j
the
jiaint-
the
strength,quality,fineness,and
materials
in
for beginners.
all,esi^ecially
for
raw
graining-combs;
bristle-brush
proportionsaccording to
that
The
a
ful
use-
prove
they usuallyoccur.
Turkey umber, Vandyke-brown,
occasion.
reason
dry
is the
of
compounded
varied
may
paint-brush,for rubbing
a
set of steel
recommended
are
It may
burnt
seen
quires
re-
for novices.
give,in brief,an
to
requisiteis a hard,
duster,or
colors
work, however,
have
in which
order
sets off the
recommended
not
may
propose
in the
graining-color
; a
out
This
a
properlycolored ground.
a
The
the
light-oakpanel,and
is not
the
gold stripemakes
foregoinginstructions
who
performed, and
of the processes
and
hand,
readers
some
the
stiles. The
gold stripein
a
This
same.
ings
mold-
painted with
be
heavy, may
anything else.
of the
summary
the rails and
varnishing,with
the
red-oak, the
dark
than
and
deep
flat portionof
good
very
stiles very
GRAINING.
AND
PAINTING,
darker
case
any
not too
coach-black
inner
CARRIAGE
next
sistency.
con-
in
LIGHT-
properlylearned
be
can
proceeding is
of
order
practicedhands
pnt
turpentine,and
requirethe
good
In
When
In
work,
the
darker
if for
This
before
in
for both
are
Use
comb
rail
should
a
tity
quan-
dark
a
taking out
full of
should
show
The
oak.
brush,
a
dry.
to
pieceof fine,
the
necessarily
elapse
and
the
tools
Vandyke-
proper
glazing
requiredin glazing
badger-blender,a top-
or
rag.
practiceare
indispensal)le
good job of grained work.
horn
tool, for
taking
out
lightsin dappled work,
is
simply a straightpieceof
about
as
thick
The
its
for all oak
glazing,for
sienna
burnt
with
overnight
must
out.
and
contrast
a
the
wiping
being dark
for the
time
no
and
before-mentioned
an
the
sion
occa-
small
a
with
lightly
water-color
Eaw
water-color
to
prerequisites
keep
of the
after
stand
Judgment, taste,skill,and
The
before
varying proportions,make
and
over-grainer,
to
good general rule
a
other,that
light and
a
boiled oil and
line of contact
the oil-coat
varnishing.
brown,
This
rule, un-
a
needs
lightercolor,to
is
oil-coat
no
color.
moderatelystiff brush.
a
work,
jointor
be of
glazing,rub
reason,
If the
surface
rail,the
a
and
sand-paper.
worn
veined
or
neighbor.
Before
Use
use
dry very rapidly,
the
comb
The
the
is necessary
oil than
stile at the
graining.
of
japan or gold-size.
crosses
plaincombing,
141
color.
with
graining-color
sap
stile
a
too much
color to
dappled work
lights.
thinning
more
brown
in the
Rub
the
settingtoo quickly.
color from
of
G RAINING.
only by practice. As
on
no
OAK
inch wide, and
end, slightly
rounded,
must
as
a
be
nickel five-cent
beveled
on
both
the
horn
piece.
sides
to
sand-paper,
of
rag,
hand
of
it to
in
common
The
described.
the
is
horn
of
edge
and
graining,
knowledge
for
or
those
the
but
teacher,
As
which
lines
may
seem,
efforts
or
of
idea
who
presented
of
well
be
readiest
is above
as
dried,
cut
which
on
the
sharp
up
by
him
art
and
there
"
not
is
who
to
ground-tints
bounds
is
attainments
closely resemble
and,
;
no
the
the
to
him
if
it be
and
;
natural
in
these
is
wlio
of
as
declaring
line
wood.
are
not
no
words
for
the
able
to
the
that
the
are
learned,
un-
be
a
tion.
instruc-
to
subject
admitted
rather
have
receiving
paradoxical
this
but
who
art, but
becomes
hesitation
in
in
those
by
desirous
art, graining
generally,
as
dogmatically,
better
skilled
uninitiated
both
following
anything
are
fine
a
not
worthy
as
herein,
given
are
to
govern
has
it will
tool
a
spatula,
the
offers
be
must
coat
horn
a
piece
a
application
every
sucii
stone.
whet-
a
carry
of
shop,
with
self
otherwise
;
directions
suggestively,
not
ground
used
after
of
piece
a
tool.
the
The
one's
must
blade
apothecary's
every
providing
for
means
The
surface.
on
with
tool
a
tool
requires wiping
j)ainted
the
the
holding
not
horn
the
as
sharpens
GRAINING.
it
by rubbing
sharp
kept
carpenter
a
as
The
most
and
sharp edge,
a
AND
PAINTING,
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
142
rules
true
art
utterance
that
those
the
best
which
CHAPTER
DARK-OAK
There
this
is not
has
for
ground
golden ochre,
golden
a
and
dark
the
The
reader
add
not
materials
to
proceed
and
the
in
to
he
"
his
in
the
required
forthwith
a
used
describingthe
in
would
stock
of
can
to
The
the
as
in
j^lace
for dark
oak,
graining-coloris
graining-colorfor
sienna, and
raw
this.
white-lead,
pure
ground
cess
pro-
Vandyke-
proportion.
who
to
of
for
going
fore-
different ground
Deep orange-chrome
sienna,
because
suppose,
procure
is made
materials
same
brown, differingonly
only
used
is desired.
tone
bright
of
oak
royal red.
light oak, viz., burnt
must
w^ord
under
instructively
fullygiven
exception of
is sometimes
ochre
very
composed
would
been
not
the
said
in
light-oakgraininghas equal significance
The
when
be
to
graining color, every
in
of
word
a
With
chapter.
and
GRAIXIi^G-COLOR.
which
heading
XVII.
make
of
make
become
a
grainer,or
he
who
already acquired knowledge
of
his
a
each
what
having
the
names
is
these
at
the
demanded,
working quality. Unfortunately,the
the
he
has
shops
and
that
graining-color,
of
of
"
both
chances
in tone
are
de-
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
144
cidedlyagainsthim,
what
is
he does
the
throughout
country
than
a
is
of what
composed
Now,
to
with
such
rule,what
children
As
a
they j^ur-
the
part
gods
the
good job of graining
without
rule,dealers
paints buy ground
in
without
requiredarticles,
is,they purchase what
; that
and
receive
least that which
that the most
has
a
practicedhand
It has
been
any
said
most
one
the
the best
at
good^or
of the fact
materials
not do
and
materials
before
of the
cases, this
in these pages
as
agree
fancy or
to
that
the
a
tools,
to the
un-
colored
fastidiousness
indeed
be weak
in
resources
hardlytwo
exact
In many,
more
comes
from
who
for
tone
woods.
stubbornness,or vain conceit,than
willfulness,
grainermust
to
consumer
the novice.
grainerswill
professional
ground for
cheaply
most
experiencedpaintercan
importance of
or
buy
In view
good
bearing
colors
good reputation.
without
captive
straw.
to be
skillful and
the
the
he knows
job of plainpaintingwell
see
they can
that which
the
was
regard to quality
it rests with
dearly,and
sell most
as
Egyptians that
bricks
tell !"
can
man
nor
is
sienna
Vandyke-brown
unreasonable
quite as
of the
a
burnt
make
of the
perhaps
; the
ochre
to make
is little better,if
of Israel should
names
demand
is
materials
sienna
raw
Nor
"
?
workman
requirea
requisitionon
A
It
offered for sale
colors
as
get
cases,
he does want.
what
red, while
Venetian
than
all will
not,
are
yellow
commonest
hardly better
and
majorityof
a
ground
of the so-called
bulk
The
the
the
GRAINING.
be.
port to
any,
will,in
he
fact that
lamentable
a
and
want, rather than
not
AND
PAINTING,
can
from
reason.
not
do
BARK-OAK
a
fair
to be
of
job
GRAmmO-COLOR.
grainingon
and
lightenough
artistic fervor ; while
and
too
artists,and
alas !
many,
execute
found
to tints of
as
same
of
with
our
true
chanical,
thoroughlyme-
are
these latter will be
among
captiousand fastidious
most
are
decidedly
offcolor. Many
real
professedgrainersare
the
ground, suj)posing
any
not
145
those who
and
ground
color.
There
who
some
are
of color-
knowledge
and
words
few
a
all readers
this most
on
unquestionablyessential
what
plaincolors
of
and
fancy
with
Green
woods.
it forms
that
a
book,
been
jDcrhapsbe
painter should
every
be used
Blue
with
harmonizes
with
the
the
harmonize
mahogany
the contrast
as
all the
with
woods,
with
the
these deaden
the
detract
it
from
wood
brightensall
the
with
and
with
with
and
as
all these
does
each
Gold
dark-toned
ones
light-colored
The
woods.
usuallydull
tones
whereas
with
ones
light-colored
contrastingtints
and
and
is
rosewood.
latter.
Black
white
All
wanting.
is
nut
black-wal-
good
is not
all,
with
so
iant
brill-
bright colors
in
of black-walnut, and
thereby;
the
the
deed,
in-
ash ; but
other, except
rosewood.
the
trasts
con-
light oak,
white ; but
is feeble and
ones
lighter-colored
woods
with
but
with
know
entirelyunobjectionable
;
mahogany, black-walnut,
entirelyharmonious
is
It is
painted imitations
pleasingcontrast
most
fited
bene-
in harmonious
satinwood, bird's-eye
maple, chestnut,
discordant
improved either
may
the various
is
doubt, whose
no
important subject.
tints may
combinations
or
this
has not
harmony
by study or practice;
by
Avillread
contrast
shades.
of the
improves
ter-name
latand
CHAPTER
XVIII.
BLACK-WALNUT
This
wood,
used
now
in
only for
this
the
become
common
very
and
cheap
successful
the
the
to what
presents
mind
which
great
so
of
the
all
wood,
as
seen
wood,
and
The
again."
is
hardly suspect
undertone,
almost
such
as
bright as
is the
case,
hogany.
ma-
to agree
wood
itself
that, when
the best
as
itself
sample presents
a
would
red
The
shade
preconceived notions,
sea
and
seem
shades
certain
being worked,
beholder
Yet
natural
a
the
and
the
inquirer
general tone
blackish
the
and
teen
fif-
become
rosewood
be.
a
or
dreamed
one
tree would
should
accept
every
last ten
no
workmen
before
the
and
two
tones
of
slightestimation, was
aristocratic
varietyof
''all at
himself
finds
the
to
the
sively
exten-
so
furniture
domestic
graining no
a
in
purposes,
of
about
upsets
household,
within
held
prevailingtone
seems
imitation
mode
common
rival
In black- walnut
as
the
Previouslyit was
years.
that
in every
common
doors, wainscoting, and
description,has
used
so
GRAINING.
presence
glowing
in
almost
of
the
brown,
and
of
rich
red
any
a
of
hogany.
ma-
large
HOUSE
148
AND
CARRIAGE
of furniture
l^iece
ground.
This
surface,and
red
It must
color.
which
piecesof
tone
of
made
black.
a
shown
exhibit
white-lead,with
reader
case
golden
We
black
most
proper
for
not
producing
than
the
light and
in
distemper-graining
; but
than
our
oak.
and
oil-graining,
teachingsmainly
Supposing
the next
to
used
in
as
and
and
there
concealing
and
is too dull to
wood.
of
painting
grain observable
be
can
best
is
imitated
difficult
more
skill in
successful
only incidentally,
confining
over
to
oil.
be
of
the
the work
drop-blackground
graining may
side
and
soft-grained,
clear
it
grainingin
go
the
on
ever
how-
results in black-walnut
requires more
to
err
mode
this process
groundwork
proceedingis
Yandyke-brown
colors
the
that
the natural
to the
Therefore
shall treat it
manipulation,we
fact
which
is called
sharp lines
in
dark
the
one
the best
is what
wood
present
royal red
So it will be best to
question as
no
the most
groundwork
a
and
colored
the underwork,
graining-color
be.
be
graining. The
does
varietyof
ochre
representthe brighterspecimens of
can
of color.
tones
in covering and
difficulty
no
work,
ground-
represent those
suggest,as
in mind
will bear
brightground, rather
There
to
every
to drab.
graining-
in the
the reddest
on
the brown
in the
imitatingthis popular wood,
the almost
too
underneath
provided for
is imitated
for
The
from
GRAINING.
decidedlyreddish
a
red
sufficiently
which
bright it may
of
be
straw-color
exists in this
with
be
the wood
show
be
successfully
should
ground, from
out
therefore
Black-walnut
proper
glows
not
can
parts will
some
AND
PAINTING,
be obtained
right tint,
with
a
in water.
from
the
coat
All
of
the
dealer,
BLACK-WALNUT
in
readyground
in
preparingthe
This
into
other
in the
same
For
this
with
word,
the whole
that
this
has
become
dry,the
work
of
It is
graining-color.^
workman
will have
to thin
said
be
we
the
to
shall
is
stains
too, is
and
to
deepens
bring
out
in the new,
The
oil
teach
out
imitation
the
the
red
some
The
is not
borne
in
It
need
of
the
mind
oil
a
mode
that
effect of
which
proper
in
than
ture,
also in furni-
or
unpolished,or unvarnished
rag,
of this kind
wood
varnish
to
portions
pro-
alwaysdarker
undertone,
thinned
graining-color,
such
lightswith
architecture,and
tone.
cept
required,ex-
too quickly,
setting
the
is
the
ready-
just enough
that
reason
other
is
that
of
can
a
properly.
that
wipe
usuallyfinished with
and
granted
graining,which
the
application
turpentinein
It will be
for
the
with
the color from
graining the
in domestic
for
mixing
no
will
is to
of oak
wood,
taken
oil and
prevent
it
of the bristles
ready for
connection
recommend.
natural
used
this
manner
black-walnut
the
boiled
the intention
when
after
in
be used
should
that
practicealone
as
only
with
the ends
supplied himself
and
graining-color,
operationwhich
so
distemper-color,
called,
will be
of the oil
made
of those who
other brush.
or
stippledcoat
or
stipplingis simjolythe
surface with
duster
composing a painter's
When
the
or
be broken
painter'sduster
a
the information
remark
would
pouncing of
be involved
water-color,while yet fresh,must
dry bristle-brush.
we
signifies,
would
paint-shop.
grains by stipplingwith
unfamiliar
are
149
water, for less cost than
of
coat
GRAINING.
polishwhich
the
varnish,
is not
servable
ob-
surface.
consistency
HOUSE
150
for
into each
before
the whole
veins.
door-side
The
one
is, each
not without
but
of
Avhatever
23leasedto
work
is to
wipe
off
the veins
easy after
not
and
the
with
a
little
the
which
The
has been
oil
the
proper
the
out
the
demands
graining-
be
has
more
two
in
veins with
is not
been
so
lights
applied.
with
which
the
comes
the work
skill than
quires
re-
other,
any
shading is reallythat part
a
cunning
hand
and
a
ommended,
rec-
cover
out the
softened
portion of
the
are
veins
manipulation of
but
are
as
lights,
mode
darker
color which
practice. This
time
we
proceedingwith
surface,that wiping
glazingand
operationwhich
uniformity.
in the darker
that
reason
only more
the
wipe
put in, they should
badger-blender,the
AVith
figures. There
and
is to
one
nearlyall
are
littlebefore
a
pencil. The former
proportionof
a
artist.
other, to put
the
for
small
:
camel's-hair
or
certain
of the work
the
of
the veins
this
the
graining;
sable
hand
call the
doing
of
modes
a
be
character,
whole.
a
the
tively
collec-
another
as
slow,
must
is ready for what
graining-color
the
putting in
of
be
must
the surface
be left to set
color may
to the work
there
variety,
in with
rubbed
in
its individual
have
must
reference
portionof
That
the door
piecescomposing
ished
fin-
putting in
in before
and
individually,
sense,
be
water-color,may
; or, if the color be
more
be rubbed
may
GRAINING.
and
piecesuccessively,
other
or
any
panelsand
that
"
panel
AND
PAINTING,
distemper or
rubbing in
treated,in
As
the
applicationto
rubbed
oak
CARRIAGE
AND
a
of
ticed
prac-
eye.
After
to
applying the
wipe with
a
rag
coat of oil
some
it is
graining-color,
of the color from
the work
mon
com-
from
BLACK-WALNUT
varietyand
If it
be
of rail
bottom
toj)to
this
will
knowledge
of the
natural
grainer. Much
of
course
other
or
of the
be done
the
or
the
and
same,
portionof
the
It is
joints;
Too
for itself.
lap
over
The
day or two,
that
drop-black.
will be
the
rail
with
jobs,will
Care
the
blender,
wood
the
stiles of
cleanlyand
go
oil-coat will be
be
may
The
the
a
of
same
as
left to
to the
by
must
and
not
the
dry overnight,or
the
glazing-coat,
Vandyke-brown and
procedure in
described
as
sharply along
convenient,before
mode
door
will
ter.
charac-
be shown
must
not
hand,
taken
be
a
finical,
petty,
the other
care
for
be taken
must
it will look
or
stile,or
or
imitation
good enough
will be water-color,
composed of
which
accomplished
in the best
softened
proper
grainingon
rails,but
as
; but
observation
careless,
slovenly,unworkmanlike
a
joint-lines.Th6
a
close
some
on
plainness,
separate pieceof
the
of
the work.
much
important
each
a
job too much,
inartistic.
give the work
work
lengthwiseof
will be all-sufficient to make
and
this should
comparatively
easy
graining,even
drawn
across
diagonally
to elaborate
in hand.
plainlyand .quickly.A painter's
duster,
brush,
considerable
job
where
only through
come
wood,
be
the
and
be, to give
may
to
justwhen
writer's task would
done, the
151
case
appearance
tell
possibleto
were
the
panel, as
or
woody
more
a
GRAINING.
the
finishing
operation
the
under
caption of
light-oakgraining.
The
a
time,
the
as
water-color
and
will be rubbed
stippledwith
a
badger-hairsoftener,more
the nature
of the work
may
in
one
dry brush,
or
panel or piece at
and
less color
require.
blended
with
being aj^plied
It will be observed
HOUSE
152
that
is
there
than
walnut
CARRIAGE
AND
mucli
a
in
The
of
use
either
knots
putting in
time
be
The
veins
the
to
make
darker
than
straightwork,
good
being
spots.
work
carved
the
view
a
with
work
it
must
used
rails and
as
to
in
ing
surround-
be
over-grainermay
or
on
this wood
oak,
and
wainscoting,Avith
and
; but
top-
in black-
tone
entirelydispensedwith
to show
as
GRAINING.
gnarled places or
graining. Moldings
surface.
doors
and
may
always be glazed,so
of
dark
light or
comb
the
black-walnut
greater uniformityof
from
free
singularly
AND
PAINTING,
for
stiles
of
economy
requiresa practiced
hand.
A
color
useful
a
of
summary
shows
black-walnut
the
foregoingdirections
follows
as
made
ground-color,
stippledcoat
and
brown
Oil
royalred
chrome-
black.
and
water-color,composed
of water-color
and
umber,
recommended
oil-color may
be
is dry.
the fresh oil-coat,and
When
graining
white-lead,orange
of
composed
graining-color,
are
ing-colors
The
of
and
for
of
Vandyke-
drop-black.
sienna,burnt
with
of water-
:
of pure
yellow,or golden ochre
A
article in all kinds
grainingand glazing.
A
A
is
bit of sponge
the
worn
color,mixed
oil-coat
fine
the
best and
appliedas
veins
blended
is
as
soon
are
dry, it
should
a
cheapest.
as
put
to soften
sand-paper, and
same
burnt
drop-black. Keady-made grainas
The
Vandyke-brown,
the
stippledcoat
in with
and
be
a
pencilon
give them
distinc
in-
lightlyrubbed
glazing-coatof
water-
for the first stippledcoat, should
GRAINING.
BLACK-WALNUT
a
This
applied.
be
must
also
be
be
light
153
stippled,
and
softened
with
blender.
Let
ground-color
the
to
the
represent
When
for
mine-brush
A
day
job
by
If
coat
the
the
must
coat
free
is
be
of
and
the
cheaply,
est
light-
of
color
flat
employ
eight-inch
an
of
use
oil
better
always
hold
will
is to
work
the
depth
greater
a
grained
in,
using
side
of
a
kalso-
the
bristles,
the
color,
than
as
beer
beer
has
a
ner,
thin-
a
as
bad
effect
varnish.
graining
black-walnut
of
be
to
rubbing
water
it
first
the
show
thereof.
glazing,
whenever
is
stippling,
ends
the
not
For
on
for
to
to
pieces.
surface
large
a
trusting
darker
paint-brush
large
and
wood,
of
specimens
enough
of
japan
be
finished
may
gold-size
or
without
graining-color.
finished
be
in
the
varnish,
in
one
oil-coat.
the
glazing-
ASH
GRAINING.
Grainingor grained work
the
painting,
most
performed, will
economical, because
last
paintingmust
and
well
indefinite
an
be
for
would
and
not look
if finished
Plain
colors
used
oak, is frequently
than
Indeed,
there
are
furniture
with
used
oak
for
lightoak,
be
grainingmay
written
which
give
such
entirelywanting
The
work
of
good taste,
on
than
familiarity
to
who
always
not
can
the
ground-coloras
same
given for light-
instructions
same
that
if
as
this, excepting that
they
the
were
dapples
oak-wood
are
in ash.
for
ground, undergoes
process
suitable
closelyresembles.
to
agreeablediversity
an
be
woods.
two
followed, the
especiallyfor
they should
with
unaccustomed
all the
and
ash
graining
the
same
wiping
out
seem
that
and
has
the
same
preparation,and
combing
to
colored
the
same
the veins and
show
grain.
It would
no
;
dwelling-house,
a
it
joinedwork,
imitated
be
may
surely
as
substitute for the latter,
which,
not
these
ing
becom-
easilyworked
more
woody growth,
other
and
of
rior
inte-
of yarnish
would
as
the
surface.
a
many
between
distinguish
Ash
as
other
any
be
coats
be in accordance
Ash-wood, being cheaper and
more
by
plain colors,such
varnished
a
could
discolor the tints unless
well,nor
with
stand
to which
house-cleanings
interior wood-work
the
finishing
would
work, properly
period, and
protected as grained work
quite dark,
such
stylesof
be exposed,without
necessarily
damaged.
the varnish
but
all the various
is,of
washings,and wipings,and
spoiledor
I55
further
directions
or
instructions
given
be
can
a
AND
HOUSE
156
CARRIAGE
to the
as
imitation
good
GRAINING.
to obtain
proceeding
of
wood.
is advised
painter
The
method
best
of this
AND
PAINTING,
not
to
make
to
attempt
his
own
.
graining-color,if
ash
of
color,
ready-made
great difficultyand
he
which
that
The
varies
ash
to
example
for
The
fill up
in
is
of
exhibits
a
from
both
the
to
the
planed
a
it
use
as
complication
all those
is
in
common
and
an
in
groundwork
American
and
their
which
companying
ac-
der
ren-
Hungarian
called
finish
shape
the
diversified
intricatelycurled
contrast
of imitation.
interior
applied wholly
and
bright flash-lights,
diversities
sj^eciesof this wood
the
in
with
knots,
beautiful
worthy
in
infrequent,
dark
very
These
parts.
and
use
beautifully and
color,
American
with
and
is not
commonly
are
wonderfully
a
making
color, that
of ash
same,
ash
in
knots
material
common
This
cars.
wood
common
There
the
varnish
surrounding
the
to
this
now
and
piece
a
the
of
tone
in
hand.
and
and
grain
can
experience
labor
to his
a
imitation.
tints
give
its
will
he
common,
so
to procure
themselves
the
with
is
to obtain
of
deal
good
a
him
that
reason
ready-made
wood
occurrence
knots
the
this
is advised
surface,
the
obtain
little in
so
workman
for
possible for
spend
may
of
use
it be
grain,
and
of
passengerand
veneers,
tlie
tinted.
grain,
growth.
for
ash,
it does
same
In
not
being
tone
of
differ
CHAPTER
XX.
CHESTi^UT
This
chapter will
graining, and
there
will
repeated under
said
making
The
writer
confesses
any
person
should
the
ground
is
the
with
grained work.
any
to
and
desire
at
for
ground
which
has
been
shown
is
and
a
natural
little
groundwork,
and
color.
burnt
Ready-made
make
will
with
sienna
makes
chestnut
or
spruce
a
quarrel
hemlock
it would
seem
tion
imita-
yellow ochre
best
very
the
to
yellow than
with
the
this
one
reallyclose
a
give
umber
of
will not
we
White-lead
orange-chrome
burnt
and
why
"every
described, and
or
wood.
and
; but
decidedlymore
requirea glazingof yellow to
of the
already
imitation
imitate
even
chestnut
been
not
loss to understand
a
good motto,
would
who
man
a
fact that
preparing the graining-color.
require the
or
the
for oil-
oak, exceptingthe direction
himself
perhaps
with
The
dark
that has
wood
sickly-yellow-looking
"
his taste
instruction
direct
our
this
on
lightand
for
and
finish
be brief,from
necessarily
is little to be
coarse
GRAIKIKG.
tint
for
little Vandyke-brown
best
graining-color can
grainingbe
pro-
HOUSE
158
cured
the
at
the
making
This
wood
the
best
filled
and
of
as
In
and
of
and
we
seen
ability
and
after
out,
combs.
and
planed
who
grainer
a
make
tation
imi-
good
a
therefore
not
recommend,
executed
specimens
beginner,
to
hard
coarse
board,
never
can
of
of
sameness
wiping
use
chestnut
his
to
being
so-called
of
by
the
have
in
other
degree
and
We
pride
the
imitated
of
preference
grain,
coarse
very
be
piece
a
wood,
the
view
of
the
wood
common
imitation
do
should
in
painter.
greater
a
GRAINING.
by
first-
any
workman.
class
worth
of
oak-graining,
is
advised
the
any
polished.
this
for
copy
and
It
is
use
by
than
particular
any
color
presents
study
up
took
generally
of
manner
The
is
variety.
of
want
the
it
while
woods,
its
of
growth
AND
PAINTING,
and
shops,
up
rapid
more
CARRIAGE
AND
of
oak,
imitating,
people
require
plain-looking
fact
is
that
the
great
as
cost
black-walnut,
the
query
or
still
?
the
cost
other
remains
imitations
painted
wood
is
as
this
imitating
of
of
which
woods
this
in
painting
unanswered.
of
cheap
very
are
Why
ordinary
XXI.
CHAPTER
KEW
OF
SYSTEM
GRAIN"IKG
U:N'PAINTED
ON"
PINE-WOOD
SURFACES.
The
first work
writer's
and
notice
of
performed
was
direction,and
the
will
same
this
of
new
be
this kind
he
a
of
tint of
time
the
is the
under
being objectionable,
for dark
glue-size,and
manner
In
may
applied directlyto
be
applicationof
the
same
mode
proposed
the
face.
sur-
color
ground-
a
desired, at
the
of
in
giving to
work
the
in
graining-color
the
described
under
the
one
the
title of
(referringto black-walnut)the stippled
distemper-colormust
prepare
peculiarity
Graining."
this method
of
The
that
black-walnut.
applying
heretofore
as
"Light-Oak
To
and
be
can
operation consists simply
of
color
oak
supervision
own
pine gives ^s good
as
the
unpainted pine-wood
not
same
as
trade.
the
white
new
under
came
reasonably concUides
light-oakgraining
The
coat
his
for
treatment,
coat
under
graining
graining-colorsdirectlyto
The
ever
therefore
novelty to
manner
which
the
the
be
dispensed with, and
wliite
oil-
ground.
take
glue-size,
required,of
the
a
handful,
glue, and
throw
more
the
or
same
less,
into
a
clean
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
IGO
vessel ;
other
pailor
stand
overnight.
apply
a
for
strengthsufficient
long enough
and
lights,
strong enough
A
therefrom.
graining-color
the
wood
more
or
one
of the
takingout
the knots
cover
will not
and
inous
res-
the
remove
fect
per-
other
or
shall
it will
not
thinned
with
learned
comb
and
oil
joaintedsurfaces,as
the
the
reason
body
; at
settingto
As
much
proper
that
there
will
tone
that
long
the
the
degree that
graining-color,
be used
of color
the heavier
be
grain
until
least,*
turpentine,should
with
better
in and
to rub
by experiencehow
wipe.
boiled oil and
light-oakparts,for
time
a
without
out"
consistent
possible,
ing-coat,the
grainingon
piece at
have
color will *^bear
greaterproportionof
a
It is advised
less absorbent.
operator
graining-color
notwithstandingthe coating of glue,
will be,
panel
the
littlepracticewill make
have
for
is recommended
than
Let
respect.
graining-color
may
The
to
the whole
homogeneous.
and
the varnish-coat
that
places,so
boilingwater,
on
to bear out
permit the combing
to
also
in this
and
let
water, and
minutes, and
few
a
GRAINING.
cold
pour
thoroughly dissolved
will become
this be of
with
cover
morning
Next
heat
moderate
AND
PAINTING,
for
as
for the
the
grain-
receivingthe
varnish-coat.
should
the first
black-walnut
For
be
as
stippled,
ordinaryblack-walnut
stippledcoat
as
before
The
when
of graining-color
application
is directed
for the
graining;
and
fresh,the
blender
in
distemper-color
the veins
being used
put
to
on
the
soften,
described.
beginnerwill
find it not difficult to trace the
veins,
GRAINING
which
UNPAINTED
ON
will show
will be
plainlythrough
the
good, for
will familiarize
him
the
on
grain
not
takes
that of white
first coat
fine,worn
may
be either
in the
be well
to leave
the
for
the work
should
be
four
grainerto
of time
and
the
chip off
darker
Two
of
make
and
best
job
the
show
a
ordinarilyperformed ;
producing a
white
and
smooth
light tints
and
are
the
vised,
admore
durable
this way
done
the
vastlymore
wood,
offered
best
cheap
surface
and
cause
be-
will not
underneath
is not
skilled
un-
expenditure
ordinary way,
the
for,the
a
in
the least
will prove
in
as
not
will
it enables
but
system
but
job
are
grainedwork
lightergroundwork
substitute
applying
quick,hard-
not
done
of
job at
done
graining-color.The
as
before
the
work
which
one
It will
coat.
paint ;
clean
a
before
reason
of varnish
coats
appearance
of
lightly
coat, or distemper,
two
or
color, being ingrained on
and
unlike
be rubbed
and
carriage,
be
coats
the
equivalentof, or
as
day
a
supposed that
money,
than
durable
is not
plies
ap-
glazingor shading coat
wearing quality of
extra
not
or
This
for the varnish-coat.
body
will present the finished
three
which
the first
the cost of thq second
It must
on
the
was
drying,furniture-varnish.
repay
veins
natural
Oil is advised,for the
better
a
varnish,which
than
practice
directions which
being well dried,should
ordinaryway.
as
the
of the timber.
growth
as
oil-color,
to make
the
the
tracingthe
shapes and
sand-paper,and
given
"
the
color,and
161
pine.
with
as
with
in
the
that
reason
SURFACES.
black-walnut, the grain of
to
The
PINE-WOOD
the
as
the
grained work
ready mode
in houses
where
required.
specially
The
CHAPTER
XXII.
DISTEMPER-GRAIKING.
The
'*
term
by
stood
distemper-graining"is imperfectlyunderwho
people
most
look
general dispositionto
insignificant.Its
it,and
use
it
upon
to be
seems
if
largely,
as
definition
proper
there
wholly,
not
is,a method
a
of
ing
paint-
,
wherein
vehicle
some
thinning the pigments.
for
all kinds
of
and
graining
"
in
employed
of
place
Its
to
water-proof thinning,such
is
than
other
as
water
or
oil is used
application,however,
that
work
only
"
is to
where
non-
beer, alcohol, glue-size,
etc.,
oil,varnish, or
substances
of
like
nature.
Formerly, all
in
of
wood
distemper, oil-grainingbeing
date.
time
The
advantage
(soto speak) need
in of the
For
as
imitations
certain
work
and
kinds
maple, mahogany,
effects
than
are
oil
produced
of
and
of
marble
done
comparatively recent
distemper-grainingis, that
elapsebetween
necessarily
the
of the
the
no
ting
put-
varnish-coat.
hard, close-grainedwoods,
satinwood,
by
were
the
graining-colors
; while
use
and
of
for the
rosewood,
the
such
best
water-colors, rather
open,
coarse-grained
HOUSE
104
woods,
CARRIAGE
AND
as
oak,
ash,
preferable.
in
or
and
fully
in
chestnut,
There
distemper-graining,
less
PAINTING,
succeeding
are
all
of
soveral
which
chapters.
AND
the
GRAINING.
oil-colors
modes
will
of
be
cidedly
de-
are
procedure
treated
more
CHAPTER
The
its
wood
of
its
of
of it should
water-colors
but
on
just turned
slightestquantity of
use
a
but
ground,
gives a sharp, harsh
natural
Raw
and
wood
finished
when
The
The
small, and
lights.
and
a
time.
The
one
gives
The
the
proper
There
are
recommended
forms
course,
be rubbed
of
grainers
it
because
belong
to the
rubbed
be
several
is
sienna
burnt
of
graining-colorfor
the
very
bulk
of
the
with
smooth
graining-colorrequired is
of
must
Some
not
almost
polished.
the
amount
work
does
of
temper
dis-
addition
the
recommended,
addition
should
ground
ground
with
the
sienna, of
raw
sand-paper.
piece at
it is not
in
executed
sienna.
raw
character,which
Vandyke-brown,
material.
very
Italian
be
smooth
buff
a
most
light-coloredwoods.
always
very
Italian sienna, with
maple.
fine
a
toward
the
white
the
and
ground
grain, altogether the
called
are
imitations
or
white,
what
is,with
tree
delicate,soft-toned
penciled,sinuous
shadings, and
Painted
respectablenative
this yery
close,fine texture,
beautiful'
XXIII.
modes
by
means
in
of
one
panel
taking
out
or
the
of the tool made
this
expresslyfor
The
128.
cutter
order
to
wipe
left to
and
right,but
direction
that
or
pointwhere
grainer,"as
shown
it will be seen,
there
the
is
the
on
keep
the
and
over-grain,
When
to take
bottom,
surface
out the
and
to
from
top
custom
the four
expeditiousmode
of
procedure,but
opinion that,like
almost
to
and
an
to
of
The
is
maple
produce good
so
folded
sharp angle,a
form
to
a
in
color for
an
the
we
panel.
from
sponge
putting in
has
obtained
of the
pieceof
present,on
come
woolen
the end
similar to the eyes
seen
wet
less
an
to the
at little
bird's-eyes
operation,
hand.
under
cloth,say
of
top
it,was
inclined
delicate
ever
or
more
least of
are
dulating,
un-
ing,
maple grain-
requiresa cunning
that
writer is
as
the
somewhat
a
results
best tool for this purpose
of the
wet
everythingelse
little T^orth.
imitation
was,
of
fingersheld
This, to say
cost,it was
to
pipes,
bird's-eyes
by dabbing the
in the
with
the proper
to bottom
in contact.
looselyor
The
use.
the
(ortop-)
with
over-grainer
lightsby rollinga
put
of the work
into
is,
work
piped maple over-
the
boy, the
a
brings the
but to make
to draw
was
that
"
pencil-points
apart or separate,and
motion
the writer
"
in
wood.
to
transversely
This
126, comes
page
be done
nothing to
sinuous
of the
use
natural
of the tool
be done
of the cutter.
its passage,
badger crosswise,from
in the direction
not
path
in the
the
page
the sides of the
in
lowered
with
blended
on
of the
longitudinally
shown
as
GRAINING.
shown
be, and
may
blending or softeningmust
the
to
case
out the color
is then
work
The
the
raised
alternately
are
cutter,and
a
the work
over
as
stile,
or
AND
PAINTING,
called
work,
tool is drawn
rail
panel or
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
166
a
The
the observatio
cloth,
broad-
somewhat
in the wood.
BIRD'S-EYE
The
sight,but
not
easilymade
so
description. With
not
experiment,the
the
few
a
167
cloth
operationof folding the
to the
of
MAPLE.
is
extremely simple
intelligible
by
misgivings as
writer
will
a
to the
yerbal
success
to describe the
attempt
operation.
Take
pieceof
a
table and
the
lay on
the two
inches from
itself
so
the left
candies
right-hand end,
will be
a
flattened
in the
which
horn,
are
spot is
which
the
put
in.
the
color
was
softened
showiness
is
or
will
imitate
These
eyes
are
which
not
is
under
shall
take
as
fancy
when
a
a
board
minute,
better than
the eyes
put
or
in
complet
inany
dots
or
without
place,
a piece of
by consulting
the blender
the
is not used
cutter
crosswise,from
did
left to
not
remove,
right*
mostly in shops and
in
after
of the
be the shadow
to
seems
required,and
held
its proper
eye has
is exhibited
upon
sharp end,
means,
What
over
cloth
to form
as
two
angle
imperfect tri-
an
spreadupon
well
Each
about
called,such
so
fold
edge which
part
the
enough
Remember,
Bird's-eye
maple
where
the folded
color
as
of
cloth
The
readilyfound
be
wood.
the natural
dark
wood.
placewill
eyes
the
until
eye, which,
or
arrangement.
to
fold
right hand
quantityof
small
a
natural
regard
distance
a
in sometimes.
wrapped
are
at the
continued
readilyavailable
other
at
;
lengthwise; bring
body, leaving the
bring that portionof
circle
and
then,
flat surface,will retain
other
the
the
;
hand, forming
appliedto
middle
body
shape of
the
the
in the
the hand
largeas
as
fingersat rightangles to
; this
on
fold
the
to
as
in the
held
cloth,about
edges together toward
from
away
woolen
panels only,the
ofiices
rails
HOUSE
and
stiles
The
(true)
before
tree
which
time
The
of
will
coat
this
wood
saccJiarinum),
to
mostly
the
it
of
and
yields.
for
panels
shape
come
cabinet
which
sugar
in
probably
for
value
greater
drawers
finishing
affords
in
cut
with
better,
scarlet
milion
ver-
varnish.
of
is
the
well-known
in
common
so
or,
the
more
States.
Korthern
crop
be
GRAINING.
walnut,
black-
may
the
{Acer
sugar-maj)le
a
moldings
The
rosewood.
warm-toned
either
being
AND
PAINTING,
CARRIAGE
AND
1G8
cabinet
veneers.
when
this
joiner
Its
use
furniture
tree
work
at
will
possess
than
for
present
is
and
linings
the
fined
con-
for
CHAPTER
XXIV.
GRAINII^G.*
MAHOGAKY
The
almost
wood
for
and
remain
no
man
Painted
and
be
a
called
to do
on
For
whereas,
a
which
brown.
The
grain
almost
The
from
take
graining
wood
I
will
this
a
has
back
a
again
is
as
forth
seat.
double
be
fashion
which
the
original,
put
of
in
some
years
out
fashion
Consequently,
valufe,for the
of
be
what
reason
which
to
graining-color
little
the
we
that
said
imitations
tools,
beautiful
it
and
about
of
wood
household
construct
mode,"
have
Vandykeand
this
again brought
"
cessfully
suc-
extra-deep
means
when
ago,
have
will
a
hogany
ma-
grainer's art.
with
The
and
of
bright ground
a
various
with
mahogany
in demand.
red.
years
mahogany
of the
wood
sienna
of
course
imitate
produced
royal
material
a
mutations
time
is and
in imitation
reach
this
best
the
work
to
ago,
of
in
not
highest
and
written
was
forgotten
furniture.
years
Italian
burnt
chapter
ure
architect-
walnut,
with
out
gone
grained
be
chrome-yellow
This
of
the
may
with
must
have
imitations
is made
and
few
considered
required,
orange
was
also
piece
a
painted
black-
caprices of
or
ble
servicea-
for.
imitations
was
*
freaks
and
domestic
by
professional grainer might
;
is
substitution
its
account
can
beautiful
internal
and
of those
one
this
of
cabinet-work
generally,
must
disuse
total
to
the
front,
black-walnut
mahogany
the
favorite
MAHOGANY
The
rails and
grainedwith
GRAINIXG.
stiles in doors
the blender
and
by drawing
171
paneled work
it
the fresh
over
ing-color,either continuouslyor by arrestingits
four
every
three
then
proceeding again.
imitations
or
of
inches,bringing it
natural
In
than
more
any
it
effects which
can
be done
almost
are
Supposing the graining
"
"
in order.
next
hold
the
This
that
be
may
not be done
and
dry, the
a
very
thin
distemper, and
the
should
is
ready for glazing,which
will be done
in the
for
putting in
the
grainin
work, panel by panel,with
stipplewith
the
in
be
to
ors.
col-
produce
without
it.
varnish-coat
should
When
sufficiently
dry"which
used
it,
is
coat, just enough
varnish
is
was
without
first application
of
is,the
call quick ruhhlng.
coach-painters
as
painted
a paint-brushor
wii^put
be finished
distemper-colorto
stop,and
badger-blenderplays a
quiteunattainable
or
grain-
progress
of
and mosf^luablemeans
principal
It is the
to
the
importantipart.Grainingcan
most
full
a
in all kinds
this,as
woods,
to
be
may
be
what
this varnish-coat
one
day
with
the
"
the work
color
same
the first coat.
thin
Rub
and
glazing-color
the grain,as
blender, softening
seem
may
necessary.
in mahogany grainingseems
glazing-coat
The
than
that
The
mahogany
as
much
imitatingthe
has
more
as
with
on
varnish
other woods, for the
depth
varnish-coat
finishing
denominates
flowed
in
and
should
thick
on
son
rea-
transparency.
be
what
the
"hard-drying coach-body,"and
a
dispensa
in-
more
trade
should
be
badger-hairvarnish-brush,leaving
the surface
as
there without
will remain
running.
_
^
CHAPTER
XXV.
GRAINING.
EOSEWOOD
This
fashionable
almost
articles of
Painted
imitations
fabricated
not
painted
of
out
usually such
to
as
in
the
it
uncommon,
times
certain
natural
is
the
imitation
true;
it
put grained
as
a
factory
rule, satis-
such
work
articles
generally not
are
their
tain
cer-
places,shall
Rosewood
wood.
cious
capri-
that
fact that
of
but
of that
and
not,
are
from
place in the
command
power
of rosewood
desirable,mainly
be
its
yet holds
arbitrarydictates
the
furniture, for
in rosewood.
would
wood
unquestioned
shaped
or
as
and
world,
yet
be
beautiful
costlyand
doors
surroundings
entirelyout
of
are
are
the
question.
The
the
not
ground
proper
so-called
American
The
product.
the
English crimson-lake
the
This
surface
will
to
be
a
done
proper
with
is crimson
rosewood
yermilion, but
surface
previous to putting in
of
for
should
grain
be
the
very
there
should
the
ground.
appliedto
condition
black, but
for
vermilion
true
silver
quick-
smooth,
be
a
This
;
and
glazing
brings
receivingthe grain.
not
lampblack.
The
ROSEWOOD
of tlie
tone
gray
is
is
There
which
has
the
dealer's who
found
black
blended
is the
as
whole
be
course,
preciselythe
and
has
the
black
for
the
as
will
grainer,not
at
sold,but
at
It will be
for the
ments
require-
linseed-oil.
raw
the
grain
when
glazed with
for the veined
be
oughly
thora
very
work.
being a body-color
"
the
will
glazingprocess
for
recommended
as
known
never
putting in
be
the black
"
black
will
penciling-coat
used
was
from
only
badger, and,
thin, and
very
give
black
lamp-
goods.
with
This
surface
same
black-walnut
oak.
Rose-pink is
sometimes
first glazing-coat,
but,
all
by
material
black
same
glazing-coatof
will,of
is the
which
be reduced
in with
put
not
comes
ground paints are
proper
as
thin coat of the
The
This
obtained
of rosewood.
fast
the
common
which
vehicles,and
quick-drying
dry, the
be
be
grainer must
imitation
an
is to
trades in coach-makers'
in
ground
of the
This
this work
ivory.
pure
may
from
question.
by coach-makers
used
comes
article is to lead-color.
ordinaryplaceswhere
some
which
rival but that darkness
no
light. It
ray of
of
black
a
carbonizingof
the
in
the latter-named
what
a
required for
black
173
fatty substances, will
the work
requiredfor
The
carbon,
common
distillation of
destructive
what
GRAINING.
colors,its
use
as
is not
in
used
this is
one
place of
of the most
lake
far
the
fugitiveof
for
advised, especially
out-door
work.
Eosewood
being
now
imitations
mostly used
not suitable for
are
not
for such
common,
the
wood
articles of furniture
imitatingwith painted work.
itself
as
are
CHAPTER
XXVI.
SATINWOOD.
is
This
on
a
displayedmostly
in
tint
as
of the
ground
The
same
graining-coloris
the
fine
small
The
difference
simply
quantityof
in the
takes
grain,and
are
taken
the
directions
chapter
in
the
for
used
also
same
painted
is imitated
Italian
and
with
on
work
either
"
the
sienna
in the
grain.
to
as
putting
shown
as
in the
with
these woods
on
page
the
are
a
is
Kghts
128, and
top grain, given
Mahogany Graining,"
in
ing
grain-
Vandyke-brown.
of
cutter,
in
used
imitations
putting
on
bird's-eye
maple.
that
as
sienna
burnt
of
manner
out
There
of the
that
and
grainingis done wholly in distemper, and
The
to the
the
panel-work,
wood, viz.,raw
last-named
very
in the
entirelyapplicable
question.
is very
little demand
in the
natural
wood
for
or
in
satinwood
in the
this
try,
coun-
painted imitations
same.
While
in
of
high polish.
It is
a
wood
East-Indian
an
it is
graining,it
important
must,
not
to
be
cultivate
a
bold,
forgottenthat
a
free
close
hand
imita-
wo
SATIN
tion
a
natural
of
practiced,
good
wood
and
eye,
in
job,
in
of bemity,'^
"thing
which
the
adorns
walls
thirty-by-forty-inch
for
paid
work
the
which
A
door-side
surface.
same
receive
shall
may
it
is
be
be
the
the
rapidly,
and
more
no
graining,
grained
In
a
most
matter
able
to
required.
be
either
than
of
adapt
is the
finest
as
few
a
an
and
workman
in
plainest
hand
that
to
his
the
any
perform,
is
hands.
dollar,
on
or
the
supposed
to
In
money.
easily
and
required,
work
of
freely
surface
professional
style
of
Dutch
a
is
of
pair
alone,
purchaser
kind
his
two
labor
art
itinerant
whole
of
a
of
broad
the
for
be
work
for
quarter
can
half-acre
a
man's
a
equivalent
necessity
his
the
a
hundreds,
with
expended,
with
may
in
by
a
a
The
dollars
artist,
for
case
skillful
cheapest
door
covered
be
may
over
grained
famous
be
dollars
twenty-five
get
landscapes,
almost
may
and
perform
woods,
fancy
multiplied
some
can
picture-gallery.
a
accepts
sum,
of
might
of
of
elegant
This
frames.
gilt
certainly
as
gladly
picture-vender
A
manipulation,
man
and
color,
hours.
eight
careful
No
taste.
in
175
of
colored
dipped
surface
result
good
imitating
whitewash-brush
of
is the
01).
work
grainer
which
CHAPTER
XXVII.
BLACK-WALNUT
mode
This
when
with
and
accomplished
of which
regard
closeness
ways
and
most
useful
deemed
of
brown
; but
that
recommended
when
dry, may
be
put
the
the
Walnut
shown
the
of
must
will
hereafter
both
must
page
Graining in
Oil."
character
will be
and
be
some
scribed.
de-
to that
Vandyke-
stippledcoat,
lines with
described
in
requiresno
a
sable
oil black-
time
before
be, supposing the intention
be
the
be
dry, the glazing
the
applied in precisely
152, under
a
lighterthan
this
When
is
stippledon
and
must
veins
course,
be
sienna
varnish, quite thin.
on
as
burnt
top-grainer,as
coat of water-color
manner
in
graining. This,
glaze over
color
means,
oil-graining.Upon
varnish-coat,which
the
to
and
coat
in
with
pencil or
walnut
the
of
made
water-color,
It
various
and
Chapter XVIII,
oil-graining,
in
coat
"
cheaply,
imitation.
of
by
in tone
First, the ground, similar
used
is recommended
painted quickly and
the
to
in various
those
"
is to be
surface
little
DISTEMPER.
graining black-walnut
of
large
a
IN
head
of
''
same
Black-
BLACK-WALNUT
It is common,
in work
surfaces,such
in
moldings and
cornices
frames, and
and
when
and
grain with
in
dry
labor
and
almost
work
:
water, added
said.
is
by
means
a
any
chance
of
window
oil-color,
distemper-color
more
a
less
or
as
softening,
for
tended
exsists
con-
is recommended
may
when
displayof
tic
artis-
oil,and,
a
the
to
a
diagonallywith
and
proper
removing
it will not
the
tity
quancoat
of
en
golddrab
;
thoroughly
an
eight-inch
mixed
distempergraining-color,
burnt
a
smooth
from
the color
and
dry rapidly,
bristles
ground
in
flour-paste.
handled
the dust
Put
umber
and apply as
consistency,
graining,use
dust-pan.
with
warm
when
and
jDrocedure:
small
white-lead,colored
boiled
time
dry, a
to produce
ivory-black,
water
for
time, as
this,when
on
equal quantity of
an
For
a
glue-size,
having a
pure
coat of
result is to
of
followingcourse
it ;
Vandyke-brown
common
of
with
the
expenditure of
least
of
is to be
wood
neiu
largest-size
paint-brush,or
a
to
of
surface
the
entirelywith
this with
as
mode
the
with
kalsomine-brush, a
before
work,
This
coat
a
little
a
dry, apply with
Thin
and
same
of black- walnut, and
whiting mixed
follows
coat of
and
fancy.
ground-colormade
thin
a
the
recommend
givethe
ochre
this
oyer
the
accomplished with
of
door
as
pieces,
blender, drawing
imitation
material,we
or
on
large,extended
a
pointed in
First
present any
skill.
or
When
be
not
coat
givefirsta stippled
to
do not afford
the surfaces
at
flat
I77
rail-work,which
or
"
rightlines lengthwiseof
or
does
panels
as
"
the
suit the taste
as
which
narrow
put
to
DISTEMPER.
IX
on
go
composing
duster,such
a
painted floor
a
over
the
largesurface
it
straight
duster,ai
CHAPTER
LIGHT-OAK
GKAINING
Ordin'ARILY
the
where
the
there
painter
almost
now
grainer
should
A
in
there
may
done
in
acquire
only
in the
the
the
with
coat
of
the
in
size mixed
of
mode
least
depart from
graining oak
where
a
job
of oak
distemper; consequently,every
of
score
as
process,
of
the
It is
process.
and
economy
saving
order, the
with
"
a
golden ochre, thinned
bears
coat, is allowed
wood
whiting.
common
lightbuff
with
out about
to stand
two
to
of
of
much
to the
operation
as
a
ufactory,
man-
prehension
com-
average
the
accomplish
best
means.
receives
boiled
davs, when
of
coat
of pure
made
as
a
is followed
This
clear,
as
writer
the
by
proceeding
new
in actual
now
elucidate
best
expenditure
ground-color
coat, which
of
custom
knowledge
a
to
upon
occasions
largebuildings used
will, perhaps,
First
called
requirements
or
operation.
of the
results
be
the
on
descriptionof
one
DISTEMPER.
conditions
no
grainer is
or
be
must
recommended
time
are
IN"
universallyadopted
in oil-colors ; but
graining
XXVIII.
an
a
oil.
glueby
lead
This
the
and
oil-
ordinary second
rubbing
of sand-
it
brings
paper
work
the
do
and
color,
take
add
to
mixture
the
thin
with
application,
apply
with
oil-graining.
in
be
a
To
give
to
still
a
wall,
a
When
door.
but
it
is,
little,
is
the
colors.
dry,
much
if
any,
more
general
the
given
to
or
this
ceiling,
work
more
than
desirable
appearance
work,
is
as
tone
of
of
smooth
for'
and
comb
work
will
stippled
by
desirable
other
to
a
receive
board
rail
a
of
plain
altogether
to
glazing-coat
a
every
pleasing
quired
re-
deemed
be
and
be
the
left
style
ordinary
and
of
be
and
consistency
some
should
This
as
quantity
may
to
varnish.
elastic
of
coat
be
may
bulkhead,
or
it
variety
taste,
paint-brush,
will
case
sienna,
may
proper
variety,
portion
greater
a
largest-size
In
graining-color
oil
to
give
some
the
equal
an
water
whitewash-brush.
the
a
and
combed,
suit
graining-
burnt
whatever
water,
to
GRAINING.
distemper
sienna,
raw
mix
AND
tlie
for
in
;
flour-paste;
as
of
ground
Vandyke-brown
to
PAINTING,
condition
into
this,
For
color.
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
180
ing
form-
stile
or
heavy
painting
the
preferable
of
ing
flow-
costs
painting,
to
of
while
that
eye
"
to
plain
CHAPTER
XXIX.
YARK^ISHIKG.
shabbiest
The
the
of
use
of varnish
is
would
of
seams
covering
or
in
finishingany
in
painting is
where
job
coat
a
required.
the
Closing
thread,
varnish
cheap
practiced
ever
economy
evince
hardly
house
expensive
an
less
with
costly garment
a
discretion
with
in
a
the
unsound
roof,
paper
of
way
true
economy.
Work
that
coat
of
last
longer, whether
of
that
is worth
cheap
this
article.
varnish
it be
particularwork
possible job
condition
thrown
used
of
that
away.
on
It will
or
"
"
all the
should
secure,
inside
dear
a
outside
or
varnish,
in
may,
a
is not
almost
suited
work
he
beyond
at whatever
cost
to
surface
will
be
varnish,
A
coat
suited
in
belief
such
than
worse
such
a
is
as
faces,
sur-
the toeather.
that
trouble
to
best
varnishing painted
exposed to
of
work.
time, spoil the
the
expended
good
a
better, and
if it be not
short
leave
labor
worth
better, wash
Quich-drying, hard
furniture^
seems
look
graining, and
especiallyif the
It
varnishing at all,is
a
and
householder
money,
the
services of
is
which
preserve it.
put
the
The
owner
would
the
than
times
ten
of
not
less than
that
"
sides of
thirty or
long
as
the
left-handed
a
trifle.
gallon
a
six dollars
over
the
best and
other, and
the
the worst
at fault
in
economy
not be
will
one
give a
"
gallon.
a
largedoor, would
a
house-paintersare
practicea
is but
unfit for the purpose
fortycents, while
as
nish
var-
protect and
dollars
three
most
to cost
not
of the
the best varnish
grainedwork,
in first cost between
Many
finish.
and
job
coatingboth
varnish for
more
pay
ought
best
difference
The
a
poorest varnish
for the
to
difference in cost between
The
worst, for
and
character
painted surface
the
upon
GRAINING.
particular
job of graining,
a
to the
anxietyas
no
AND
PAINTING,
first-rate artist to do
a
evince
and
while
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
182
much
wear
better
in this matter,
the
purchase
of
varnish.
would
What
varnish, on
good
repaintingas long as
pictureswhich
a
more.
To
the
adorn
good
it shall remain
as
workman
in
effect
material,
requisite
with
same
of
durability
the
not
other
beautiful
and
walls.
It is
to
so
a
varnishing.
should
finish
knowledge, skill,and
a
course,
practicedhand
of
is
last without
work
of
art,
the
as
quite within
the
graineddoor
that
perfectpreservationfor twenty
of
this,requires,
job
There
attractive
a
of
coat
a
?
economy
or
oil-painting
an
made
be
they may
of
the
why grained doors
reason
the
that the
depends wholly on
grainedwork
power
who
carriage-painter
a
pretense of
the
be remembered
It must
and
of
finish
painting a coach, and
doubtful
no
thought
expend fiftydays'labor,and
would
in
be
the
; but
best
years
or
talent,
it is within
VARNISHING.
reach
of
work,
or
should
other
any
finished
good
every
after
one
put
on,
be
Ig3
No
workman.
of
coat
coat, should
last,or finishing
be
should
varnish
be
with
excellent
an
question of
spur
that
flowed
flowing-brush.As
No
that
novice
should
not
are
we
out
with-
practice,
attempt it.
treatingthe
now
under
but
compensation,
possiblewith imitations
and
on
much
the work
on
grained work, done
of insufficient
the
powdered
be
should
will remain
judgment.
common
are
with
rubbed
operationrequiresskill
It will be remembered
and
fitch
appliedas
This
running.
coach-
m
should, after standinglong enough
flat,thick,badger or
a
as
hard-drying,coach-body
coat
pumice-stone,and the finishing
with
upon
rubbing varnish," and
be
hard,
sufficiently
become
to
first coat
The
varnish.
grained
coats, at least,
is known
beingwhat
paintingas ''quick levelingor
of
be looked
Two
varnish.
first
the
fact,should
in
work,
good job
the
of the
of colored
whip
best
sults
re-
fancy
or
woods.
which
Nothing is spared in coach-painting
in any
to the
degree conduce
incompatiblewith beauty of
is
supposed
most
and
be
the
reached
worthy
are
applicableto
the
partialadoption
work
of the
of
modes
as
be rendered
coach-work
is
as
more
much
more
beautiful
work,
may
not
of these
two
So, his example
far
as
they may
house-painting.Through
and
inside
durable
than
common
processes
coach-painting,the painted surfaces
may
or
coach-painter
maximum
imitation,so
of
the
the
finish ; and
in combination.
qualities
desirable
processes
have
to
of
durability
can
than
our
a
in
domiciles
they now
are,
house-painting. The
HOUSE
184
assertion
house-painter
in
should
Varnish
brush,
the
much
is
from
be
the"
on
the
can
put
upon
it
and
The
the
made
to
one
of
the
stay
learn
two
there.
it
processes
is
The
be
to
;
put
and
be,
how
as
varnish
smooth
but,
are
to
more
should
with
under
out
object
object
coated
be
should
House-painters
The
out.
stay
rubbed
be
not
supposing
better.
surface
must
will
as
not
knowledge
any
varnishing,
surface,
the
runs,
little
work
the
on
that
varnish.
of
rubbed
is
In
different.
entirely
there
paint
as
honse-painter's
average
has
and
not
GRAINING.
nevertheless,
hundred
a
AND
the
to
fact,
a
application
and
use
is
it
but
intelligence,
proper
startling
seem
may
PAINTma,
CARRIAGE
AND
free
how
not
much
can
there.
the
of
art
varnishing
from
coach-painters.
for
of
good
it
this
concluding
In
as
work
will
the
remain
best
on
chapter,
varnish
the
work
the
you
without
writer
can
would
get,
and
running.
say,
as
use
mucli
CHAPTER
XXX.
GENERAL
this
the
processes
the
opinion
and
of
and
scope
of
the
directions.
the
detail
The
learner
has
made
not
written
words,
familiar
with*
belonging
make
clear
through
same
to
these
process
such
process,
the
the
to
is
a
almost
phrase
initiated,is
difficulties would
of
be
To
in
ject,
sub-
technical
teach, by
and
comparatively
of
not
the
which
to
or
appreciated by
entirely upon
as
the
art
any
make
a
task
which
be
slow
to undertake.
one
ence,
scicabulary
vo-
one
of
means
learner
and
naturally
process
it
describe
to
the
teacher
comprehension
medium,
so
terms
work
a
particularity
as,
use
both
where
technical
execution
time
been
on
confusing multiplicity
a
not
attempt.
the
to
such
successful
the
to
a
the
in
room
difficultyof teaching
the
general way
to elucidate
serve
belonging thereto, can
who
a
has
and
with
simple, without
however
in
find
aim
writer, would
befog
not
The
much
as
said
not
can
extent.
with
be
might
subject of graining which
the
of
that
is much
There
REMARKS.
are
properly
easy ; but
to
novice, simply
depends
for
its
the
and
at
it
eye,
seem
ish
child-
comprehending
GENERAL
ly
with
possible,
as
"
trade"
work
do
"
view
a
those
City grainers
the
combing, etc.,and
who
importance
the world
for
the
not
the
reason
attempt
"grainers to
of
the nature
school
possible
in"
boys,who
more
for
formity.
uni-
the
soon
rubbing in,
of their
pation,
occu-
acquiringa
ough
thor-
smooth, hard
a
surface
grain
work
good
that
is made
to
and
The
the
on
wipe
best
to
workman
rough, uneven
a
rough places will
will not
colors
ground
finely
are
face,
sur-
retain
with
lights. A
the
out
part
in
an
it when
well
papered
sand-
indispensable
good, clean work.
There
a
or
are, from
of
do
can
surface
to
one
proportionof color,and
undue
general
call themselves
over-estimated.
be
not
can
and
of the art.
knowledge
upon
neatness
preliminaryprocess
in the very best
The
who
employ
in the
expert
to
187
usually,in largejobs,**rub
not
themselves,but
become
REMARKS.
are
slovenlyhabit
They remind
neglect to
should
of not
of
us
brush
be taken
in door-frames
their
otherwise
some
who
men
their
hats
jointsand
the
wood-work, which
the hard
darker
be well
woods,
than
the
and
base-boards
black
is to be
should
The
their
the
to
paneled
be
corners.
who
Care
shoes.
contact
line with
closelyand wipe cleanly
finished
always
intended
sand-papered.
in
and
closelyand cleanlydown
also to cut
lines
ends
have
good clothes,but
wear
to carry the work
and
the
cleaning up
resting-places
; as
along
who
good grainers,
very
in imitation
first coated
finish,and
New
work.
the
pine
of any
with
a
of
color
first coat should
succeedingcoats
should
be
as
dark
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
188
possible,with
as
view,
a
kind
ground-tint for whatever
imitate.
the finished
As
under
such
By
a
varnish
the
accidental
the
thingssubjectedto, be
it is
proposed
If the
in
brittle,it will,
time
it is in
of
appearance
it would
what
The
as
work
the
the
has
to the
such
An
dark,
the
as
white.
in
near,
with
the
decorations
job." Suppose
the
upon
be
makes
the
idea that
the
"
trade
over
and
furnishing estimates
to
may
come
done,
the
house,
it
being
think, under
in
upholsterers
view of
promise
New
lettingout
the
York
far and
view
as
to
understood
to obtain
least
estimates
to the
sum
his
how
that
repainting,shall require
any
circumstances,of going to
the work
to do it for the
"
the
figureswill ''get the
lowest
after
his
repaintingof
furniture,carpets,hangings, etc., would
lunatic
respect
ments,
embellish-
and
all the
request that they
work
painter who
decided
do is to call upon
premises preparatory
cheaply the
men,
exhibitinga profuse
naturallyimpressedwith
thing to
proper
house
with
carpets,hangings,furniture,etc.
having
owner
general
comprehend why
loss to
a
of
neath
under-
defaced, compared
houses, while
other
most
domicile,seems
a
at
their
paintingof
in
liberality
new
be
the
rule,ordinarily
practicea niggardlyeconomy
a
th"
is little
been
ened.
less-
nature
supposingthe priming-coatswere
be
writer
much
chip off,and, bringing the
underneath
color
to
very
and ground-colorwith it,reveal
graining-color
coats.
proper
injury is
which
liable to
the
of
procedure, the liability
becomes
blows
GRAINING.
to
course,
of wood
of
course
of
to accidental
surface
AND
PAINTING,
a
all the
of cost, with
which
concern
of money
but
?
There
would
is
as
aENERAL
latitude,in
much
the
REMARKS.
of
way
189
"
"
expenditureof
ten cents' worth
of labor
ten dollars' worth
varnish
finish it with
with
varnish
these
because
his
on
expect to receive
of
The
is
reader
; not
rule,the
of
fault
the
the
painter
painted, should
in
dearest
its worth
the
and
; and
end.
painting,the
That
writer
every-dayexperience
an
requestednot
earnestly
that these words
to him
who
but to the
thankful
teach,but
can
; and
because
one,
perceptivefaculties.
intellectualfaculties
requisitemeans
and
to the
perienced
ex-
learner,the
ginner
be-
to him
of the fact of how
in
the
who
ous
is desirhas
almost
hand
entirelyupon
possess
; but
be
must
the
a
not
little can
operationwhich
an
must
materials
sightof the
the writer's task
execution
True,
to lose
directed,not
are
practicedworkman,
for its successful
the
find
crackingof
than
paints and
receivinginstruction
the
proprietor,
a
before
house
more
taught by printed instructions
and
of
nearlyfortyyears.
and
a
his
having
closest observation
the
important fact
been
a
true
especially
from
of
in
as
the
almost
fade
for his money
cheap tilings
are,
knows
In view
completed job.
even
person,
this is
that
he may
gallon,or
a
gallon.
an
bestow
; and
dollar
one
holstery
up-
with
cheapestthing offered,should
that the blinds
his back
No
him
and
he may
surface
same
grained-workis spoiledby
the
in house-
door
a
labor,or
little unreasonable
a
the
varnish,and
turns
the
on
that costs
seems
having chosen
of
costs six dollars per
which
facts,it
side of
paint a
grainer may
kind,
in furniture
painting grainingparticularlyas
A
and
quahty
be
pends
dethe
educated,
knowledge
of
perceptivefac-
HOUSE
190
ulties alone
AND
CARRIAGE
must
be
The
of the work.
is
work
attempted to
has
of
of the
obtainable
immediate
as
a
quantitywould
doors.
best
a
for
not at
be
ordered
only
of
twenty-fivecents,
that the
assume
not
cost
from
cover
ated
obvi-
express-
match
a
all
be
may
and
this
The
cent.
because
of the
the
tone
it is intended
which
the wood
trifle,
a
for
graining-color
but
over,
hand,
from
cheapest,not only because
spread
are
thirtyto forty
than
more
tint of the
the
the
fact
groundwork
that
the
is
to
cheap adulterated
work
of
application
less
important,but relatively
color.
Nevertheless, it is better,and
trouble,to
have
given the
the
proper
be
may
by
have
been
grainingis but
darker
we
terials.
ma-
proper
simply worthless.
paints,are
and
sity
neces-
when
cost
like
Cheap graining-colors,
imitate.
from
about
the
it will
of color will best
and
finest color in market
and
will
door
color will prove
The
additional
sufficient to
be
greatersurface
so
best
It will be safe to
side of
one
even
grainer has
a
everywhere,and
retail for
at
purchased
impress
in the way
first great difficulty
become
at the
of the
pound
only with good
cost of material
The
charges.
importanceand
neighborhood, may
manufacturer
the
the workman
would
we
the
not
or
which
more
failure
or
ready-made graining-colors.These
almost
now
in the
or
of
means
work
would
painterwho
by
Once
said,the
before
As
success
of the wood
copy.
attempting this
to the
GRAINING.
tell whether
can
of the learner the
the mind
upon
only
as
imitation
creditable
a
consulted
eye
AND
PAINTING,
or
more
of
lighteror
the
graining-
will cost less in time
ground rightto
materials
made
for
start with
making
the
; and
best
GENERAL
let
groundwork,
the
should
flat,but
"
will
that
oil be
surface
is known
no
much
is
surface
even
paintersas
than
more
the horn
has
studiouslyobserved
that
no
are
tool heretofore
with
indispensable
widths
two
in
of
in tone
woods
differ not
of
as
umber,
in the
presents a varietyof
are
shown
to be
yellowenough
natural
wood
that
Other
the
both
in
Of
the
while
a
the
other
tone
widths
told
boards
will show
The
grain
all these
as
ground
first is
is
task which
a
tones
thicker
in
a
wainscot
the
evils,
only
there
should
be
should
be
least is
must
which
coat of the
yellowgroundwork maybe
monotonous
and
painfullysuggestiveof
the skill of the workman
a
be
the
readily
grain-
concealed.
justalike,
no
violent
formity.
level of uni-
dead
a
also
uniform
be
can
a
variations
a
upon
of this
browner
shade, while
the two
The
the
applicationof
grain and
contrasts.
Now,
The
adjoiningboards
two
oak
displaythe yellowestsamples
to
whereby
ing-color,
No
be
not
of color in which
tone
a
painted imitations
presents.
produced by
who
person
narrow
plainportion.
colors.
in the
it follows
ground,
out
only in grain and figure,
will show
yellow is decidedlyprominent.
brown,
need
taken
a
ity.
color,notwithstandingthe general uniform-
of the boards
Some
Every
wainscotingof
a
alike. They
precisely
but
described.
natural
sary
neces-
smoothly,
if the lightsbe
good job of graining,
particularly
with
be used
the
rub
not
be
not
oil should
If
more.
should
among
used, the paintwill
smooth, hard,
a
Referring again to
the
is,justso
give this gloss,and
quantityof
and
say that
us
191
woods.
present what
egg-shellgloss
an
as
for the various
ground
ayerage
REiMARKS.
unattractive,
failure to perform
was
not
equal
CARRIAGE
AND
192
HOUSE
to.
Grained
GRAINING.
AND
PAINTING,
of lightoak,
doors, particularly
should
if sawed
grained, as
corresponding panels similarly
the
from
same
work
The
a
on
log, supposing
them
to
panel should
put
in with
not
with
be
and
correspondingcompanion,
.one,
the
as
side,should
case
should
and
in both
similar
of
presentedon
work,
a
grainand
door
all.
and
As
of color.
stiles,the middle
for
the
rails being
which
stiles,
most
usuallyheavy
Inconsiderate
persons
arrangement
as
it
indispensable
unnatural
first-class joineror
pieceswhich
the worker
go
to
generallybeing
job.
a
door
and
the
:
the
tom
botouter
how
"With the
uniformity.
selection.
is this
and
in appearance.
throw
up
contrasts
the
on
grainer knows
would
make
regard to
woods
ing
straightcomb-
this methodical
certain
a
advantage which
in natural
similar
workmanlike
be
must
result in violent
The
a
will
panelsof
is made
stiles
every
cabinet-maker
cabinet-work,without
would
; but
is to insure
greatestvarietythere
different
with
rashlycondemn
may
the
lighterthan
and
should
door
figuring,the top
generallyplainand
are
the
the
the various kinds
of work
rail and
elaborate
of color
rule,when
a
There
grain.
stiles of
displayof
dapples,a greater show
in
rails and
selected
tones
a
other,
panels and
tone
rails and
The
lower
or
to each
color and
same
to its
panels,side by
two
grainedmoderatelyplain,say
are
its upper
in all the
the
and
give sufficient opportunityfor
of
is,the
general likeness
a
character
same
be ; that
wood.
reference
grainedwith specialreference
be very
also be
must
be
be
may
natural
be
sent
pre-
togetherthe
or
Such
a
piece of
ness
careless-
incongruit
disagreeable
imitator
while
No
has
the worker
over
in
GENERAL
REMARKS.
the real is restricted to such
the
grainermay
selections
best
as
and,
;
highest styleof
aim
The
the
of the
of
mode
thing
the
beautiful,and
work
would
roundings
sur-
in the
frequently
writer,in givingsuggestionsas
to the
same
the
"
and
trouble
grounds
for
Italian
so-called
sienna, tinted
but
which
the
obtained,even
being one
of the
paint-shop.
been
to
with
is sold
by
cost
some
useful
most
For
the
The
and
best
for
and
making
pure
the
; not
under
paint-dealers
most
be and
can
trouble,the
and
man
work-
chestnut, is
which
genuinearticle,
at
simplify
plain,not to
white-lead
pure
for
to
simple material
and
tones
save
expense.
lightoak, maple, ash,
sienna
that name,
and
and
make
to
object being
convenient
most
has
woods,
possible
;
as
tints
proper
various
the
confuse
cheapest
the
with
of the
all unnecessary
be
of such
be if made
much
as
and
darken
raw
"
presentment
harmonize
more
producing the
for
groundwork
the
art is
the
presents,
pieceof grained wood
a
moreover,
his stock
as
wood.
natural
best
and
comport
costly,than
more
varieties
counterfeit
"
give a
193
should
said
color
articles
indispensable
maple-ground, of
the smallest
course,
the
quantityis required,it being necessary only to change
white
the
more
to the
ground
of the
faintest
should
suggestionof
be
sienna
will be
decidedlyyellowishtone
not
to
make
the
reason
lightground, in
the
For
too
that
dark
there
applicationof
Care
should
is
a
a
ash,
lightoak
a
be taken
in
the
other
remedy
for
a
rather
"
For
for chestnut
required,while
is wanted.
grounds
extreme, for the
straw-color.
little darker.
but
in
too
greaterquantityof
CHAPTER
HOW
There
are
TO
many
point,and
of
mode
doctors
treatingthe
affiliate
which
proceeding
writer
reason
those
who
that
procedure
a
of
the
believe
includes
same
that
proper
professors
bonds
ternity
franot
to
medicine
of
irregularmethod.
road
better
than
we
propose
is in every
respect
carriage-painting.
belong
a
and
school
a
some
to
thing is good
cling to
to the
latter-named
oaths
point,which
same
not
a
by
jective
ob-
same
than
the
with
cure
see
way
does
that
who
the
in the
granted
those
will
some
of
the
Coach-painters can
unanimous
more
all sorts
or
to
disagreeas
symptoms.
consultation
to reach
perfectjob
The
of
CARKIAGE.
will
even
be
to
to kill
doubt
to travel
to
hold
or
proposes
No
the
of
same
leagued by
are
to
A
when
healing art, particularly
of the
it for
PAINT
ways
liardlybe supposed
a
XXXI.
that
class which
because
it is
time-honored
custom
is sanctioned
is
good
by long
and
avoids
;
simply
use
particular theory
any
all that
new
takes
or
;
nor
for
nor
mode
all which
is bad.
The
prejudices of
craftsmen
are
difficult to
meet
and
196
HOUSE
hard
to
One
overcome.
clingsto
lie has
tries all
suggestedimprovements, and
because
of the
charms
and
in his
day
and
carts of the ancients
present day, it
that there
To
paint
and
execute
are
valuable
properlyheeded
correction
the
on
mere
of
and
errors
to harmonious
musical
which
comfortable
hand
cunning
hints
into
to teach
the art
quires
re-
skillful to
rules and
tions
direc-
suggestionswhich,
because
might
ufactories.
man-
this is it true
practice,
may
exist
the
and
than
and
combinations
Yet, while
country
combinations
appreciate
eye to
an
the
carriages
higheststyleof
the
well
composition,as
words.
and
bine
com-
beautiful,than
perfect. Written
carried
As
the
tion
civiliza-
advanced
nothing more
only as
instructions.
ear
a
makes
of
fear of contradiction,
first-class cityand
carriagein
practicealone
proper
and
luxurious
In
log-wheel
which
attractive,
more
useful
perform.
rude
the
ment
improve-
are
which
contrasts, and
and
that
a
of
progress
our
judgment matured,
a
a
is useful
thingsin
out from
turned
are
the second
asserted,without
few
are
gracefullymodeled,
which
As
novelty.
gracefuland elegantvehicles
be
may
fully the
more
the
trace
to the
refinement
and
of
construction,from
in vehicular
the
innovator
an
generation.
attemptingto
"Without
becomes
; but
race
any
readilyadopts or
excitements
in the
rule, the first will win
tried
never
Another
he hates innovation.
other, and
GRAINING.
system and dogmatically
a
because
best,simply
it
pronounces
AND
PAINTING,
CARRIAGE
AND
one
of
lead
the
to the
want
expect to
if
of
educate
of sounds
by
the art of
paintingby
finished
workman
a
treatise
needs
no
HOW
written
rules,
and
may
of
and
the
shorter
practical
method
of
hope
benefit,
method
of
we
population,
shall
in
that
the
give
we
higher
the
our
mode
carriage-painting.
treat
who
fess
pro-
without
such
to
ing
liv-
country,
our
carriage-painting
themselves
the
I97
tlirougliout
of
perfecting
old
CARRIAGE.
centers
art
In
A
many
great
the
profession.
in
new
the.
of
prove
FAINT
are
practice
oj^portunity
the
there
from
remote
of
TO
hereafter.
the
branches
directions
of
Of
ceeding
pro-
the
CHAPTER
XXXII.
PREPAKATION
As
the
the
two
at
used
;
priming
or
first
operation,that
the
start
how
and, second,
the
the
degree on
It will not
be
or
it be
best, whether
For
Old
the
first
a
few
(saytwo
or
white-lead
even
coat
and
of
a
this
the
paint
with
Neto
raw
paint
an
in
no
most
changes
and
of
tear, is
oil,boiled
oil,
substance.
Carriage,
body,
thin
a
small
linseed-oil,adding
three) spoonfuls of japan
make
tant
impor-
are
adheres
wear
raw
for the
with
or
material
job depends
and
other
any
the
resists the
dampness,
white-lead
enough turpentine to
an
these
best
priming coat,
quantity of ground
And
material
Way of Pamting
or
be
word
proceedings.
initiatory
of the
whatever
japan, or wood-filling,or
The
shall
the
ates
initi-
wood
new
requires a
apply it.
durability of
that
the
of
what
to
to
temperature, dryness and
the
SURFACE.
process
wood, which
the
tenaciously to
simple
soundness
denied
THE
coating
first,as
:
questions,as
small
OF
work
for ",
drier, and
easily. Apply
ordinary bristle paint-
PREPARATION
brush, taking
OF
heads, crevices,and
second
japan
coat
and
mill.
Thin
color
for
to
of
:
and
for four
in the blacksmith's
ironing,mix
Dry white-lead,mixed
stiff in
ground through
should
coat
After
stand
this,fill all
the
two
parts.
Varnish
two
parts.
or
mixture
to
gold-size
stand
and
little above
a
part,
one
screw-heads
should
parts of
soft
varnish
be
more
other
the
than
hollows,allow
surrounding parts;
full to allow for any
and
must
japan, using
be taken
thoroughlyremove
Let
the
apply the
body
second
all
as
of white-lead wet
putty,made
.
Care
parts.
of
the
filling
be filled with
which
with hard
:
is,the holes
surface.
holes,
wood
possibleshrinking. All open-grainedwood,
and
the
Linseed-oil
putty
knife.
days,
part.
a
the
four
one
When
that
to work
Whiting
with
the
turpentine,and
three
Japan
the
days for drying,
White-lead
Wet
riage-part.
car-
color for
hardening.
thus
nail-
body, wheels, and
in
crevices,chinks, and imperfections
putty,made
the
the
smoothly. This
drying
into
well
consistencywith
proper
199
evenly-worn brush, taking care
an
down
the
oil,equal parts, and
raw
apply with
color
meanwhile
process
follows
as
SURFACE.
has stood
body
carriage-part
being
shop undergoingthe
the
of
corners
the
After
the
the
to work
care
THE
a
with
of the wood
superfluousmaterial
three
equal
square-pointedputty-
to fillall the pores
stand
ash, must
days ;
from
at the
lead-coat,mixed, dry
end
the
of
lead in three
HOUSE
200
AND
parts japan and
and
taken
to
the
applicationof
should
be
After
better
should
third
last
four
is
mode
it be
be
lead,
days before
lead-coat,which
and
parts japan
not
one
pressed
ready for rough-stuff. We
of
pentine,
tur-
should
three
stand
and
with
with
care
days (fouris better,if
two
time)the body
no
the
dry lead, wet
part oil.
for
This
color.
or
rough-stuff,
that
evenly, whether
coat
every
GRAINING.
stiff,reduce
Observe
before.
apply as
spread
oil ; mix
part
one
AND
PAINTING,
CARRIAGE
can
mixing rough-stuffthan
gest
sug-
the
lowing,
fol-
viz. :
English filling
two
parts.
white-lead
two
parts.
Varnish
two
parts.
Japan
one
part.
Oil
one
part.
Gold-size
one
part.
Dry
Wet
Make
into
should
of
paste,and
be allowed
half
the
the
reduce
be
used, may
coat, which
the
with
should
oil.
mixed
The
ground finelythrough
into which
parts.
The
should
as
mill, as
the
day
the
lead
last coat of
enters
should
as
one
in
mixed
The
oil should
no
next
same
the
first coat.
third
rough-stuffshould, of
the
dry
the
the
before
be
a
brush.
well-worn
in the
oil used
again
turpentineto
hardening
coat, in which
third
be
for
a
coat,which
second
applied,and
is,without
mixtures
days
two
quantity of
followingday
that
stiff
a
applicationof
one
mixture
a
for spreading with
consistency
proper
This
with
fourth
coat
course,
all the
be
"
be
other
of the component
rough-stuffshould
be followed
PREPARATION
by
the
and
OF
Frencli
guide-coatof
THE
SURFACE.
201
yellow ochre, mixed
in
Japan
turpentine.
The
That
body
the
done,
where
The
etc.
While
body
may
the
be
should
should
should
now
be resumed
two
all
up
axles,put
The
is
of the stone
by priming
be done
successive
and
the
surface
The
collect.
hours, and
should
be continued
apply
through
and
action
the
body
work
the
of the
be
now
may
resumed
raw
lead-coat
the mill
be too
:
be
used
on
mixed
until
none
with
of
application
thin, the
pores
thick,it can
of the
water-tool
pumice-stone are
dry
the
should
removed
particles
left to
the
as
to prevent
for
be
for
from
apt
to
twentj^-four
carriage-part.First,cut
No.
2
sand-paper,dust
follows,and
off
ground finely
Dry white-lead,in equal parts of japan
oil,reduced
in the
if too
placeswhere
an
be
becoming cloggedwith
thoroughlyevery part with
down
and
by
by
pumice-stoneshould
clean,cold water, using the
for all
the
of
guide-coatis left,and, being completed,the body
corners
days to
coats
water
from
should
process
off with
places
required to prevent the
of
lump
and plenty of
kept well filed,
washed
up.
bands,
on
three
or
should
cuttingthrough the
wood.
This
hung
the
This
great care
as
pumice-stonefrom
paint.
smooth
stand
proceeded with.
the pores
to be
carriageis hardening,the scouringof
experiencedhand,
to the
smith's
projectover
may
paintingprocess
dry.
paint
worker
iron-work, which
the
the
to
go
wood-
beds
the
now
may
this
of the wood
not be
paint-brush,working
turpentine. Judgment
the
is
quired
re-
coat, because, if the paint
will remain
unfilled,and,
spreadevenly. Apply
paint well
with bristle
into the wood.
PREPARATION
the most
common
in the
learn
black
burning of
and
are
(which is
bones
equal
finished
has
like
is
vessels)
little body
The
ordinary
in the
the
paint-shop
to that
best
degree
effects in
in
this
country
and
of the
some
on
lakes could
which
their
as
to
them
put
beyond
entirely.Asking pardon
that
granted
painters'use,
there
and
for this
value
that
the
in
one-pound
a
body
a
second
ground by
finer than
means
a
with
as
the
of this
once
so
with
homogeneous
of this black
which
for
left
was
next
help of
a
ready for
over
will be
be found
to
thoughtpossible
that
manageable
though
coach-
penknife-blade. Black
thinning, and
to go
much
proceeding
improved machinery will
the
good
so
which
ivoryjet-black,
soft and
as
and
coach-painters
colors
style,the
few years since it was
substance,and
at
of
can
of
use
ments
pig-
be reduced
adding
ground
color is to be finished in the best
is to open
hard
and taking for
digression,
hand
at
are
the
abroad,
or
invention,any machinery whereby
fineness
impali3able
Enough
the
of the division
property.
produce
to
serviceable and
grindingblack
been, either
black
to the cost
any
long
from
resulting
working qualities
mainly depend, without
done
take
not
the minuteness
is essential to
there
recent
to that
of
all the
black-work.
Nor
a
does
grindingcolors
to the task
of fineness which
important of
carbon
adhesive
for
means
203
finely
ground, has
not
little
comparatively
until
the
in close
particles.Black,
not
SURFACE.
carriage-shop.It
animal
and
appliances
THE
the most
as
justin proportionto
valuable
of the
well
as
colors used
that
OF
it
were
the
the
all
work
one
reduce
it incorporates
mixture
comes
be-
substance.
is taken
from
the
if
linseed-oil
brush,
stand
That
thinned
and
can
there
which
one
done,
leaves
day
the
before
work
with
"
with
Apply
the
is
second
ready
coat
for
flat
a
the
of
first
GRAINING.
a
This
brush-marks.
no
using
turpentine,
time.
be
AND
PAINTING,
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
204:
trifle
raw
camel's-hair
had
coat
black
coat
of
is
of
best
applied.
varnish.
CHAPTER
XXXIII.
CARRIAGE-VARXISHIXG.
This
is
So far, all has
work.
well
as
nullifyall
to be
not
to
say
us
no
little
It must
flow
it must
rub
no
work
in hand
not
chisel-form,
A
grow
a
in
a
better
down
it behooves
us
It is not
matter.
but
of the
requirements
dry hard,
well,
and
these
and
we
for
have
yet
a
of
coat
light one
kinds
elastic ;
If you
conditions,
necessary
a
occasion.
sweat.
not
bear, apply
several
are
will
opinion, a rubbing-varnish
our
heavy coat, but
three
for such
Such
the
varnish
bad
"
it to the
with
intended
a
flat
specially
thick, flat,badger-hair varnish-brush,
about
recommended
way,
; it must
it may
there
of which
that
fulfillingall
name
"
in
our
ity,
to durabil-
rubbing- varnish,
best
saying what,
well, clean
for varnish.
and
the
smoothly
what
of
of
process
reference
coat
particularabout
varnish
a
matter
brush,
done
the
a
as
le to fulfill all the
should
find
in
with
done
and,
;
been
makes
who
hesitation
can
has
that
a
been
beauty
as
in
important point
most
a
brush,
with
or
three
work
as
if well
age.
and
is
let
inches
half
the
now
cared
But
a
subject of
for, will
last
return
to
us
wide,
a
of
is
ment.
treat-
lifetime
the
body,
which
left with
was
must
be
now
time
work
over
it
again with
Dry
:
the
of the
latter,and
three
After
and
last coat
should
oil need
no
be
depend
This
receptionof
is
stripingand varnishing,
to
No.
1
this coat
down
to smooth
use
out every
bolt-head, nut, etc.,and
do the hubs
seem,
a
is
no
careless
the
^^
child's
hand,
as
sharp corners
remove
these
as
to the
parts receive
the
that
paint.
most
the
remember
that
coats
of the
wear
In
this
of
with
For
be very
around
the
ting
cutful
care-
every
bases of the
centers, as
be
not
must
down
ing,
grind-
lead-coat,
job.
and
the
also
it may
as
intrusted
to
rubbing applied to
rounded
to the
and
these, of all, requireto
The
last
operation,simple
flat and
to
as
color,which,
bead,
amount
same
one
papering,
slightsand-
sand-paper,and
play," and
the
the
and
This
all the successive
it follows
with
rims.
and
to
face
smooth, perfectsur-
equally with
spokesrequireattention
mixed
japan,and the paint
complete
corner
wood.
japan and
applied.
being the
it for the
upon
the
required for
clear
ercised
ex-
turpentine,and
another
be
may
used, but
before.
appliedas
of course,
we,
be
of
directions
days
last lead-coat
the
with
same
three
lead-coat
of the former
parts
apply as before,observing the
the
to
mixture
a
stiff ; reduce
made
reducing,etc.
second
be
must
care
now
with
wet
proportion of
the
and
apply the
white-lead
this
carriage; first,
by going
the
on
which
days. During
sharp angles through
off and
oil,in
for three
sand-paper;
to rub
this,dust
follows
as
dry
be resumed
may
not
After
aside to
put
GRAINING.
rubbing-varnish,and
coat of
one
AND
PAINTING,
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
206
surfaces,will
wood
;
and,
tear of actual
be best
as
use,
protected
smoothing being properlyperformed.
CARRIAGE-VARNISHING,
and
tlie loose
the
portionof
paintingof
kept
when
as
is
the work
cornier,
been
particlesremoved
the
well covered
with
Mix
first opened.
part, nooTc,and
every
of color.
remaining in
black
will be
body
from
the first coat
ready for
ground
207
found
quantityof
using oil if desired,and apply with
turpentine,
hair brush.
when
hours
the second
this
the
which
the
on
harden,
should
coat of
varnish,and
return
be
of
coat,
the
first
very wide
The
in every
stripe,
carriage-
hard
Leaving
left with
one
for the
enough
cloth
bing-varn
rub-
respectas
on.
was
pieceof
a
this
varnish,apply
body,which
with
this with
as
carefullyput
it will be found
pliable
flat camel's-
dry
same
a
good
as
as
to the
Provided
rubbing.
first coat
body, and
this to
first
the
a
first coat of varnish.
the
parts being ready for
that used
sufficient to
is to be finished with
before
on
will be
follow,mixed
will
If the work
coat.
put
Ten
to have
soft and
as
"
proper
after the
can
supposing it
"
turpentine
a
the
That
felt and
or
finelypulverizedpumice-stone,a water-tool,and
plenty of
clean, cold water, proceed to
as
as
possible,
beingcareful
the
not
to allow
the
water-tool
moldings.
not to go
all the
will
ojoeration
successive coats of varnish,and
trimming-shop.
to the
This
same
work
The
expertonly can
the varnish
not
do
hande,
as
be
it to
closely
color,and
the varnish
on
and
corners
body
has been
is
ready
now
be
appliedto
to unskillful
;
around
repeated through
the
be intrusted
the
through to
must
carriage-part
rubbing process
must
down
pumice-stone to dry
freelyin
This
cut
the
three
for
an
the
subjected
the
body.
hands.
perfection. If performed by
the result will be
use
An
experien
in-
untimely stripping
HOUSE
208
AND
CARRIAGE
the
sharp angles,and
of all the
AND
PAINTING,
prosioectof
job materiallyimpaired. Supposing this
to be
On
this
subjectthere
he
is not much
do this because
can
There
delusion.
is
; its attainment
thorough washing
of dust
The
himself
the
all,the
not
as
to
of the
only
of
the
add,
may
is little less than
only rise
read
in
of all
The
a
a
good
crime
to be used
become
And
your
but
of
dry, a
by
the
too often
innocent
nish-maker.
var-
to the varnishthe
writer
even
fesses
con-
which
proceeding. A
in the
operation,is
adept
an
A
generally,
in this art
self-possession
;
mistake
in
this
shortcoming will
will be
known
not
and
men.
body
a
conscience.
judgment againstyou,
received
from
rubbing,preparatoryto
too, is
!
plishment
accom-
ticle
every par-
of varnish
requireslong experience,confidence, and
we
of
performance of this,
whole
nature
To
success.
him
and
hints
give any
to the successful
varnish
particular
to
indispensable
head
in the
to
steep path
respecthas
and
finishing-coat,
important
to this
one
how
will be found
in this
the
on
^'
cure
that
sure
the work
loss how
a
most
knowledge,
of the
at
of value
shall prove
be
in order.
told
the
removed
carriage-parts,
ready for
are
room,
and,
operation
If any
stripingdone
carelessness
maledictions
called down
been
through
follow,and
must
varnish-brush,and
has
said.
royal road
no
is
leave upon
you
to be
he
long-continuedpractice. The
but
delicate
will be all-sufficient to
it,"a singleattempt
his vain
of
well-finished
a
performed, the stripingis next
successfully
supposes
do
GRAINING.
delicate
the
the
trimming-shop is ready for
of varnish.
finishing-coat
pieceof work,
and
This,
requiresjudgment, skill.
CARRIA
and
a
GE-
practice. Eemember
that
in the eye of the
beam
looms
like
up
work
your
If not
lock
you,
from
over
clean
it off
in.
lead
of
and
Do
and
the
of
particle
in
order
moldings
is
The
brush
with
used
a
thing
good
attention
of
for
hour,
an
dust, and
and
to
the
body
to
been
as
is to
pick
care
in
depends
a
; and
a
perfectjob
up
every
prayers,
the tools.
for
face
sur-
with
use.
on
can
in
The
be first softened
great measure
sloven
Let
dust.
for future
a
the
wet
until the
locked
the lint should
away
After
ing
retire,quietlylock-
thoroughly washed
then
on
only to apply
say your
you
may
used
carefullyand
go
will
well
varnish.
remains
there
injuryfrom
in order
things,produce
been
discolored.
then
keeping it
you,
cleanliness
have
This
will do,
you
carefully
put
work
has
quantity of
surface.
picking up
little oil,
and
water, and
that
behind
next
to protect
ing
previouseven-
which
will be
small
a
longerliable
no
ently
rever-
it to the
dry,flat fitch-brush,and
a
whole
This
door
the
which
alone,and, having finished it,you
the
ing
Hav-
the result.
be well to allow
dusters
with
lint and
varnish.
speck
the door
good angel
your
await
put
use
the
half
for
lightlyover
the
on
chamois-skin
a
not
hair
the
stand
this
it,call
was
dustingoff well,take
ends
smallest
thoroughlywith cold, clean water, using
color,or
or
the
night before finishing.Kemove
one
sponge
broken
panel becomes
a
worse),close
or
harm,
which
finishing-room,
; wash
on
misty atmosphere.
a
pressedfor time, it will
to stand
a
mote
a
hill in
completed it (forbetter
behind
209
beholder, and
distant
a
VARNISHING.
soap
and
Eemember
the strictest
not, in the
ture
na-
carriage-painting.
CHAPTEE
THE
FOE
the
and
last
to
The
and
pace
quicker,
have
shorter
of those
who
produce
a
believe
not
the time
first-class
job
shortened,
at the
and
of the slow
results
favor
used
painting
in
the
.
from
material
supposed
of
wheeled
vehicles
to, without
mode
in the
drying
to bear
on
of
and
for the
at
discovered.
the
heretofore
process
:
insure
to that
the
oil
flintyhardness
shaking
and
are
painting carriages,such
of
be
this
book,
not
are
to
materially
good
and
elasticity,
citypavements
foregoing pages
we
enough
features
has
which
are
been
prevent
concussions
can
which
the
not
all
necessarilysubjected
cracking and, perhaps, chipping
of
in mind
that is to say, the chances
when
durability,
to
result
necessary
the
retainingall
times,"
same
deemed
riage-painting
car-
in less
''
Keeping
vised,
de-
of
it out
turn
enough
arriving
been
process
coach-paintingcan'
tim_e
same
altogether in
the
of
ways
,
j^
fast
the
grand, pervading principleof compensation,
the
be
been
not
work
have
means
to shorten
expedite the
has
and
ways
made,
sought for, if
been
METHOD.
years
efforts
"
time.
NEW
ten
many
XXXIY
as
we
involves
off.
have
the
In
short,
described
expendi-
ture of
certain number
a
If haste be
using.
work
suggestedthat
railroad
will have
days,which
be materially
not
can
risk of what
has been
perishwith
soon
with
non
qua
GRAINING.
the
the
painter,if
half the time heretofore
the
deemed
productionof enduring carriage-painting,
essential in the
it is
sme
a
completed in
be
must
of
late,yiz.,jobs which
of
common
AND
PAINTING,
incurringthe
without
curtailed
too
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
212
other
some
mode
If
adopted.
abandon
must
speed,we
be
the
we
stage-coach
system.
writing about
In
the results of
we
"
would
as
facts
Judgment
inauguratedour
we
the
as
to
as
ments
experi-
of such
compounding
shorteningthe
of
permit
present the
own
give
to
propose
pursue.
looking to
practice,
and
mixture
adopt or
elapsed since
has
time
Some
to his
man
we
to
experience
own
he will
course
way,"
new
them, leavingevery
find
which
our
*^
our
time
a
without
impairingthe durability.
could be reduced
end
in
to
perfectsystem,resultingin
more
a
durable
more
work
at
As
and
remarked
Chapter
well
of the wood
as
of
resulted
the surface
in
a
"
a
ments
experi-
our
bringingabout
chapter of
the
this
such
a
treatise,
"priming"
being
efforts in the direction
our
substance
the
as
shall
close the
as
againstthe absorptionof after-coats,
dampness.
to cement
book,
concentrated
have
producing such
of
pores
of the
All
less cost.
in the second
XXXII
we
all-important,
a
toward
have, therefore,tended
result.
opinion that coach-painting
of the
long been
have
We
In
a
word,
of the wood.
"
priming
this substance
Our
is intended
experimentshave
for first coats upon
new
wood
and
which
iron,
desirable
comes
METHOD.
NEW
THE
possessingthe
to
nearer
qualitiesthan
213
article
any
above-named
used
ever
for
coach-
painting.
resultsof these experiments are
The
to
eifectual
The
1.
the pores
of the
:
wood,
so
of dampness going through
possibility
the
prevent
closingof
follows
as
as
the
priming.
Absolute
2.
certaintythat
be absorbed
not
effectual
and
of the
the
wood,
To
to
can
cementing the
a
to
surface
its
hard, lose
The
same
of
process
that
is intended
coats"
hard,
grain after
the
to
clearer
chip or
solid foundation,
a
into the
flake off.
idea of what
wood,
we
grain
make
we
the
by
mean
following
a
coat
of lead
in
linseed-oil,
plied
ap-
it has become
the
dry and
that the tin
reason
mixture, appliedto wood, will become,
drying and
hardening,lifeless
to
the
leave
ever-hungry wood
the
pigment dry.
absorptionis
do ; and
and
if this be
what
this
in the
because
brittle,
will absorb
To
or
close the
new
accomplished,all
priming
'^
after-
retain their elasticity,
and, once
necessarily
prevented; which, in
grain-showing"is effectually
must
*^
of the
the oil.
against such
surface
the
cemented
tin,will not, after
the oil and
up
consequence,
a
insures
which
of the
of the fact that
drink
will
finished.
simply for
elasticity,
absorb
not
a
in after-coats
:
sheet of
a
been
not be made
reader
as
showing
hardness
It is well known
does
the
and,
;
j^aint,
having become
give the
illustration
wood
shall have
Dryiug
3.
the
prevention of
in hand
work
by
oil used
opinion,has always
our
taking in
caused
been
large proportion of
a
GRAINING.
AND
PAINTING,
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
214
the
by
which
oils with
the
consideringthis matter,
In
elastic.
hard,
become
bad
all
lecause
elasticity,
coats
which
from
substance
the
such
is
a
never
in every
sense
will absorb
wood
the
sight
which
use,
being soft
coat
a
applied,there
are
in
now
non-
not lost
retain their stickiness,
are
but
as
as
wood-fillers
the
that
fact
of the
have
we
ings
prim-
and
compounded, leaving the pigment dry
are
wood
porous
ing
succeed-
when
of the
gradualgiving way
of
the finishing-coat
foundation, thus affecting
whole
and
causinga
It is not
publicfavor
that
it all at
once.
carries
bridgeis good which
to the
But
under
in the
as
circumstances
no
for
Many pertinaciously
wanting.
The
safely.
into
priming
should
It must
grain of
the
the
and
beads
the
must
This
of lead.
use
brushed
well
claimant
new
any
not found
operandi.
modus
proceededwith
evenly and
tried and
has been
what
clingto
supposed
find
can
surface.
broken
be
to
nish
var-
be
be
put
wood,
on
and
be left
corners
full of the material.
A
short, well-worn
stand
should
the work
the first coat of
harden
api^lya
coat
Apply
old
way.
should
applying it,and
for
of
application
the
days before
two
rough-staff. Putty
before
day
a
the
is best
of
this coat
on
rough-
days (summer heat),and givethe putty two
stuff after two
days to
brush
until the
be trimmed
then
job is filled.
guide-coatand
The
coat, and
applying the second
rub
and
down
carriage part, coming
-
up, bands
put
on,
finish
from
etc.,and
the
as
in the
smith's,
thoroughly
THE
NEW
METHOD.
sand-papered,cutting close
and apply the
carefully
included.
faces of
putty made
is to smooth
been
to
the
down
day
apply with
sand-paperwill
and,
not be
be exhibited
injuryto
day, dust
the
in
riage-part
car-
ency
consist-
the
there
the
will remain
for
a
Sand-paper
coat of
than
a
ing,"
"prim-
rubbing down,
the foundation.
varnish
'*
proceeding,the
tear up
off,and apply first
oil and
coat of
this will insure
of
off,and
come
proceeding
has
j)ractice
our
a
Next
placesevenly
turpentineto
mode
ing
grain,tak-
of
brush
clog,and
to
apt
care
without
elastic with
more
with
By adopting this
if proper
surface
next
for color ; but
flat camel's-hair
a
will
carriage-part
filling
the
usual mode
off
work
part, iron-
is best.
all flat
color,previousto sand-papering;
perfectsurface.
good
The
Dust
into the
thin coat
spokes,and
reduced
filling,"
of
A
wood.
to every
priming well
elastic.
next
the
to
priming
too much.
use
day putty rims,
with soft
coat of
Brush
not to
care
down
215
color, made
coloringover
lead-paint.
From
this
point
finish will be the
Such
*'
same
has been
our
priming."
new
but
the
for the conduct
above
any
described
attention.
peculiarways
of
to
as
subsequentproceedingsup
of
of
be
may
and
better
intention
others,we
notions
the
of
dictatinga
suggest
who
have
as
to
how
use
shorter
experiments have
our
those
proceedingin
the
not
rule
given
of the
ods,
methfactory.
satis-
been
of action
trial of the
a
Every painteris supposed to
and
to
the old method.
mode
There
results
Disclaimingany
all
the
have
mode
matter
his
painting should
own
be
HOUSE
216
With
done.
these
The
with
into
work
an
It
routine.
domain
the
its
all
in
accomplishment
does
not
brought
to
Referring
painting,
again
would
we
and
entitled
to
cost,
a
careful
and
rises
man
such
skill,
remark
a
for
that
all
in
the
be
cessity
ne-
taste.
mode
question
is
proud.
can
lessen
to
and
new
involved
investigation.
as
education
the
justly
machinery
way
the
to
perform
to
perfection
be
may
classed
mechanical
of
ability
labor-saving
in
he
to
and
fering.
inter-
of
not
out
The
any
briefly
being
is
art.
which
it
intention
or
completeness
any
upon
cunning
for
of
that
seem
It
possible
of
bear
desire
no
GRAINING.
AND
coach-painting
of
mechanic
drudgery
PAINTING,
have
we
trade
mere
such
CARRIAGE
AND
of
of
it, the
carriagetime,
subject
rability,
du-
is
CHAPTER
PAINTING
Painting
generally
to that
of
would
find
the
which
the
work
We
or
allude
in the
lesser
of
modes
the
in
These
true
of
varnish
the
and
be
looked
so
and
things
at if
we
troubles
the
wall
or
dislocatingforce
"
shall
of
as
be
the
underneath
from
being
it is
the
coat
or
plastering mainly
used,
cling and
chipping,peeling,
as
the
operation,that
off from
power
one
; but
may
spoke
of
nature
remedy for, the
from
the
the material
or
should
material
trowel
in either
slightcohesive
in the
Painting differs
a
respective forms
known
trouble
to which
the
true
not
are
carriage-paintingnecessarilyinvolves.
"
important,
of,
cause
quantityof
with
their
operationsare
application
other
operationswhich
are
plastering,and
color.
of
VARNISHING.
varnishing
to the
now
cleaving of
surface
AND
considered
light.
proper
akin
and
XXXV.
in the
and
done
with
equally
there
sufficient
a
;
may
to
brush,
necessary
shall be
fasten
case
different
surface
it will
or
be
a
drop
whenever
"
the
overcome
particlesof paint,
and
or
plaster,
varnish.
If
a
plasterershould
10
put
his
first coat
of
mortar
on
PAINTING
If
this
blow
head
So,
is killed
of
department
of
seasoning
evil, and
Badly
for
singlehead,
a
A
mishaps
primary
the
the
and
most
difficult
to
evil.
of
of
the
made
resin
;
mixing
the
regard
a
We
dry
to
japans made
in
completion
to
the
time
first-class
do
not
of
partial
shrinkage
and
guard against.
where
and
and
and
of
driers,
;
kauri-gum
regard
to
leads,
of
job
different
such
the
on
nish
rubbing-var-
in
driers
out
with-
will
evil, is the undue
in
hand,
to
;
the thinning
of
actually necessary
with
both
or
mixing
with
ors,
col-
fruitful
are
dammar,
proportions
the result of
the
or
for
is made
good judgment
calamities
many
potent
provision
no
adulteration
skill
prolificsource
most
the
understand
introduction
tvledgeof what
painting
day, plentifullycheapened
a
from
; the
ply
sim-
be
air ;
cause
without
of color
lastly,and
in
of
workman
materials
kno
Want
place.
seems
in the
be
when
its
to
word,
a
consequent
oils, turpentine, varnish,
part
at
and
a
varnishing may
work-rooms,
circulation
kill it at
particles. Weather-changes during
painting
of
succeeds
of failure
cause
and
timber,
of
ventilated
sources
might
we
"hydra-headed,"
freshly
all these
of
needed
it is
219
carriage-manufacturing may
rearrangement
process
VARNISHING.
another
for
to account
impossible.
the
had
monster
but, unfortunately,
;
one
AND
haste
little
properly
be ;
or
no
plish
accom-
piece of work.
pretend
to have
enumerated
all the
failure, but enough, possibly,for the present theme.
causes
of
XXXVI.
CHAPTER
Ais'D
EVILS
in
Next
provide or
a
it, and
do
Listen
to
seasoned
findingout
to
coach-painter,need
how
do
to
not
and
ready
it is
the wood
shall hold
thick and
thin
"
for
its
under
foundation
What
shall
day.
As
"
a
may
the
Not
place
work
a
is
placed.
All
will
be
possible;
stands
the
substances
of linseed-oil
enduring qualities
and
decay. Therefore, the
more
and
that
tant
impor-
coatingon
last
through
"
stances,
circumWith
particle.
without
will
it,not.
dry
without
in half
surface
tend
hasten
oil in
a
hardening
properly compounded
cling to
drying
the
untoward
a
properly
is most
that
jot,not
How
questions.
be
to
first to
from
something
to
same
tenaciouslyit
be
wood
rule,the longer paint
supposing
more
the
all vicissitudes and
good
it be ?
the
now
a
any
therein.
err
paint,the priming
giving or yieldingnot
a
not
to
present
plain that
so
way
absolutely
necessary
evil,is
like to
it, are
theory : Assuming
our
; because
such
the
make
of
cause
a
would
We
remedy.
a
ill,and
every
though
man,
to
suggest
for
remedy
importance
REMEDIES.
THEIR
"
which
on
to lessen
its
the
it
the
tion
disintegra-
the
priming-
EVILS
the better
coat
We
is
treat
a
AND
supposingit
"
REMEDIES.
shall have
of the old process
now
system and
proper
THEIR
of
and
should
struck,all after-proceedings
its vibration.
If
process, let all
so, than
in the
layers.
the
all
lays the blame
A
This
assure
himself
that
disaster.
spoke or
to
A
of the
different state of
the work
to have
the workman
compelled
Making
and
the
none
an
in
"
laying the
a
on
an
tirely
en-
to return.
coat of
another
all
hard, but
priming, and
to harden
chance
and
of
man
Suppose
along,without
work
with the
consonance
for
probablyexhibit
But
and
possiblecause
old
erly.
prop-
requirements,
long experience
coat
of lead
erly
prop-
theoryof following
succeedingcoats,sufficiently
prevent cracking,yet knowing
through. Now,
theory
an
that
suppose,
judgment) puts
of the coats are.
of
nature
color,applied to
honest
to rush
key-note,keeps this,as
elastic to
dation
foun-
a
ill-considered
Before
the best of the conditions
mixed, and, in
with.
therewhere
some-
on
better
a
and
other
no
same
fair time
a
painter(who is,we
sound
Hasty
things.
received
givingthe firstcoat
harmony
every-dayexperience,
an
stripof glass,would
a
in
condemning it,the painter should
there exists
coat
with
lightning-speed
wanting
"
there
key-noteonce
will,in the
of balance.
want
the color and
on
the
is
but
elastic stratum
up,
dry.
to
consonance
the
an
the color.
upon
time
quick-dryingcolor put
over.
shows
blame
the
introduce
disappointedworkman
condemnation
be in
key-note be
is soft all the way
things,crack
that
subsequentproceedingsbe
Better
which
and
the
ample
lead-priming;
key-note;
a
221
the
over
finishing
mass
this
all the time
that
is soft all the way
foundation, he will
HOUSE
222
"
CARRIAGE
as
aforesaid,a
^being,
elastic
such
varnish,and
result ?
what
is
stony ground
the
mind,
that
receive
science
head
work,
in the
reasonable
of the
case
it
Egyptian
without
straw
of human
results
beyond
to
every
element
an
On
the
which
contrary,
acknowledgment, or
be
properlyheeded
will not
time wherein
afford
he may
the grace
the
plish
accom-
to
put the
on
the
on
the
We
lieve
be-
not
or, still worse,
workman,
will
captivechildren
of Israel has its parallel
that the
a
far
but
a
man
Jewish
make
bondmen
sun-dried
be within
know,
plishment
accom-
by
bricks
the limit
as
we
to
begin and complete the painting
"
"
the skill of any
the
carriage
durabilityin
difficult of
more
To
taskmasters.
so
is oftentimes
carriage-painter
labor
required of
varnishingof
as
fact
coat of color.
ingenuity;
and
The
of the last thin
was
may,
on
almost
properlybelongs,and
requiredto perform
than
and
at least have
and
carriage-trade,
their
in
is
manufacturer
he should
maker
of the
soon.
sown
before the eye and
ever
time
"
weight
of the innocent
the
! all too
it shall not
for failure where
shoulders
^like the seed
"
If the
and
painterproper
blame
that
show
chip,but nothing
carriage-paintingas
its due
in disaster.
his
nor
"
run
tear,will
crack
perish,alas
operationwherein
end
and
wear
an
under
being finished,and
sightof, but kept
in
use
"
be done
can
with impunity.
disregarded
be
it must
not
in art and
process
not
can
the
it will
"
be lost
other
work
tlian the fact
not
must
The
It may
certain
more
that
the best
GRAINING.
discretion
of sound
man
to the test of actual
put
AND
PAINTING,
do
so
circumstances.
out, and
"
AND
so
the space
who
ever
as
to
of two
secure
weeks,
the
is
best
a
feat
yet paintedcarriages
EVILS
this
on
mundane
these
of
in
within
important
work
the
the
to
of
quarter
one
it.
In
the
be
necessity
of
durable
of
job, have
time
given
finishing,
of
masses
from
their
is
caused
this
ornamenting,
dried
or
putty,
to
by roiling the
the
to
of
and
over
and
with
care
in
will
consequent
stone-paved
and
the
at
view
to
a
amount
details
prevent
when
of
corners,
No
being
off
about
must
a
the
case
devoted
the
springs,
it
as
a
be
there.
dropping
jolting
wheels
the
from
were,
in
ing
keep-
in
there
left
varnishing,
it
as
in
job
case,
not,
no
most
part
properly
repose
dry,
to
this
do
the
should
resting-places
subjected
of
that
every
up
to
accomplished
consequences
to
leaves
work
know
carriage-part,
a
paint
left
been
lunar
required
example,
should
thick
which
spoke,
every
for
the
aspect
the
the
shall
we
often
properly
smoothing
which
of
masses
clips, between
around
end
best
of
line,
too
filling up
required
time
very
be
Take,
anticipate
the
this
is
not
and
is
denizens
*
can
properly
painter
223
!
limits.
us
in
workman
or
clean,
Let
the
equal to,
what
of
corners
be.
where
time
specified
the
should
painter
the
given
a
be
may
REMEDIES.
What
days, perhai)s
Again,
do
THEIR
sphere.
conglomeration
one
AND
of
these
disengaged
this
riage
car-
vibration
streets.
CHAPTER
CLEAVING
The
most
the
painting,is
the
color.
Some
the
of
flake ;
and
whether
varnishes
If you
ground
over
materials,
the
of
do
caution
in the
oil
to
or
a
each
of
glossy
this
cause
No
varnish
in
in
now
the
tity,
quan-
varnish
with
surface
other
rubbing-
made
or
trouble.
from
These
there
fact
and
be
that
stances,
sub-
fatty
;
certain
may
to
tended
properly at-
ground colors, even
mind
lows
fol-
as
"
the
the
is not
doubt
paintersjust
merated
enu-
japan, varnish,
carelesslymade,
will
shop, bear
all
small
causing
with
of this evil.
sources
use
them
turpentine,oil,or paint ;
unskillfullyor
unsuitable
word
mixed
pose,
sup-
be
may
inferior shellac,mixed
proportion
varnishing
give
from
varnish-making.
color,however
evil in
of
varnish
accident
to
with
existed, we
of
art
trouble
of
has
anno^dng
; color
due
the
pretend
not
from
gums
the
to ;
A
this
oil in the
japan, made
oil,when
of
COLOR.
cleaving
or
thing, but
new
prolificsource
a
cheaper
among
do
Cotton-seed
is
no
of
we
"
flaking
THE
vexatious
and
invention
causes
here
:
is
the
FROM
common
the
This
since
VARNISH
OF
next
XXXVII.
are
others.
are
pertinent.
in
the
those
latter
ill all
must
painter has
the
paint-shopshas
in many
doubt, trouble
which
surface
give a
caution
much
Really,too
'these thinners
^'binder"
is
There
exercised
nothing
only in
that
nish,
var-
mixed
so
adhere
in
as
to.
putting
for
good
so
it
because
linseed-oil,
used
gives trouble,if
if ever,
be
not
can
unboiled
pure,
be
No
because
fact
rubbing-varnishwill
together.
as
resulted
turpentinemay
no
225
the oil.
fullyappreciatedthe
never
oil,shellac,
japan, and
to
COLOR.
THE
superiorin quantityto
be
cases
FROM
VARNISH
OF
CLEAVING
a
rarely,
quantityand
proper
proportion.
A
glassysurface
reduced
to
and
stone
The
the
a
"scratch
-coat"
driers in the
of two
use
user
whether
Colors
All
far
as
shall
or
with
know,
must
color is deprecated,
less
un-
same
a
knowledge gained by
the effect of such
be finished
never
with
in air-tight
vessels.
possible,
foreman
dust
intrust
in
his
many
has
and
charge. By
not
mav
be avoided.
be,
japan gloss.
be
Color-cupsmust
time
so
to any
man
strict attention
of the troubles
will
together.
do.
to
If
important operationto
of the
varnish, cracking,flaking,or
"
well
carriagepaint-shopshould
a
this most
experiencedhand,
under
a
mixing
dant
abun-
kept, as
be
kept
air.
and
colors,supposing he
should
applicationof pumice-
oil,driers,and turpentineshould
paints,
Every
whole
the
these driers will work
not
covered, to exclude
the
by
be
must
water.
experience,justwhat
and
varnished, but
be
not
must
or
boy
to
"
as
all
not, he
some
he may
these
paint-shop
mix
one
have
little details,
pittingof
premature perishingof
the
CLEAVING
would
be looked
allude
in
OF
to the
because
FROM
extreme
as
upon
which
these
the
THE
COLOR.
stupidity.We
procuring paintssimilar
purchaser has
paints are
offered at
been
In
too
trouble
to
learn,by experimentaltest,whether
cheaper colors
quarter as much,
the conclusion
be
course
the
the
on
and
trifling,
There
the
half,or
as
using ;
but
in naine,
which
works
the
nally
nomi-
only a
rushes
to
they must
of
is,too, in this,a peculiar
fact that the cost of the color
whatever
saving
best
made
of
reasonable
material
will admit
in the trade
actually
lightcarriageis very
and
the undercoat
covers
pounds
pound.
The
between
an
of
and
labor.
article that
which
one
right road
have
been
to
has
has
true
never
at
a
tried
been
bought
a
cents
a
ten
pound difference
and
never
For
found
think,
example,
using a certain black,and have
"
number
so
drying invariably
of hours
allotted
competition for trade,some
offers you
a
paint in
to it.
would-be
substitution
In
rival
of this
it
and
take varnisli
to
as
pose
sup-
found
uniformlyfine,of good body always working
coveringwell,and
sequent
con-
person
tested,is,we
economy.
the
necessarily
he had
few cents
been
sane
not
coach-black
a
of the
Any
painterwould
a
so-called
chafferingfor
wanting,and
you
that
price,because
good bargainsimplybecause
a
hundred
in the
he has been
finish-coat of any
that
cheapest at
to be
much
as
take
comj)letely,
everythingelse being equal, is
most
the
those
as
cheaper in fad.
consumed
not
worth
are
does not
consumer
that, being cheaper
from
absurdity,
have
the
cases
ply
using,sim-
nominallylower
a
price.
many
227
follyand
practiceof
common
to those
name
VARNISH
the
or
strife and
competitor
well-provedarticle
AND
HOUSE
228
the
^bearing
"
than
this
with
fail, and
is
the
of
pound
black
cents
on
the
time,
and
only
by
of
trade
rule
;
;
;
word
be
there
for
years
settled.
of
are,
such
and
fact.
would
This
false
not
is
the
always
take
will
the
be,
name
the
thirty
Again,
the
tested
before
this
the
idea
in
and
every
for
same
be
common
in
be
viz.,
can
exception
an
greatest
or
convey
is
economy
is
delay.
necessarily elapse
AYe
who
at
involved,
feature
riage-parts.
car-
would
twenty
days'
durability.
must
the
while,
of
risk.
the
pound
a
it
there
light
two
saving
;
loss
a
three
or
practice
individuals,
the
involve
for
that
of
way
job
of
such
indeed,
short-sighted
the
and
practice
but
the
fact
if
that
pay
cents
using
cost
own
coat
say,
the
important
most
can
the
that
remains
two
permanence,
time
question
may
to
ten
in
course,
success,
case
the
in
possibly
is another
question
the
less
pound
a
your
of
case
four-hundred-dollar
a
experiment
dollars,
there
yet
to
will,
that
accomplishment
possible
five
there
item,
of
aspect
Admitting
important
in
GRAINING.
cents
Of
color.
small,
certain
a
ten
experiment
so
best
price
a
former
an
gain
a
in
nothing
One
trying
are
you
the
for
paid
you
at
name,
same
AND
PAINTING,
CARRIAGE
the
not
the
the
calling,
thing
"
CHAPTER
HOW
Havikg
it for
much
has
business
the
in
and
desired
the
The
demand
for
and
in
the
to
the
all
trade
can
made
in
civilized
Admitting
the
colors.
the
has
is
fruits
of
of
this
few
these
claims,
how,
in
the
what
results
way,
be
by
realized
to
stances
in-
many
steadily
in
painted.
importance
of
mode
the
tending,
ex-
places where,
and
question
in
regard
and
all
what
about
experiments.
made
are
done
ence,
experi-
bring
in
laborious
next
been
to
were
include
carriages
existing
without
certainly
will
years
overcoming
not
adapted
the
despond
talent, energy,
and
is
of
in
has
that
lifting
heretofore
constructed
costly
of
and
of
fact
slough
was,
best
colors
world,
best
the
time,
the
way
disappointment
ground
a
of
All
been
and
the
sui:)erioritv,
correctness
also
as
;
of
the
difficulties
Machinery
only
admit
once
paint-shop.
vexation
question
in
it
of
result
and
cost,
which
money.
this
out
expenditure
vast
a
KESULTS.
conclusions
"
carriage
without
the
in
BEST
will
accomplished
formidable
the
all
carriage-painting
speak
most
that
our
been
of
to
so
"
and
THE
somewhat
granted
premises
our
GET
detailed
take
we
TO
XXXVIII.
use
ing,
proceedof
ready-
HOUSE
AND
Listen
while
230
CARRIAGE
review
we
subjectin
the
the
to be
trite
somewhat
would
the
to
proverb
that
opened
received
having
refer
and
can,
the whole
take
add
a
turpentineall at
; then
any
color
it
pour
givingit
now
under
of
exigencies
the
ready for
varnish
mixture,
if
put
crack
supposing the
the
In
maining
re-
tine
turpenthe
future
use.
With
the
of
care
mixing-cup
thinning,first
stir till the whole
Do
color
add
not
before
the
adding
in, little by little,
stirringall the time,
of the cup
shall
of
the appearance
presentstate
dry, would
that
homogeneous.
stir the
point
of the
take
it were,
with.
begin
First
once.
until the contents
mass,
and
smooth
becomes
mass
to
granted
just
all with
cover
ordinary can.
will,as
we
neatly
sufficient
quantityof turpentine,and
small
top
to the
it for
scrupulouslyclean
was
level the
carefullyfor
the contents
We
themselves.
This
away
put
is
cleanlyand
; then
the
taking
not
than
in hand.
thereon
pour
with
wealth,"
material
paint more
of course,
now,
is
ten
have
we
Premising
attention,scrape
quitesubmerge
the
what
"economy
complete the job
due
patent-press
can,
its
of
evenly,and
mass
of
it.
the sides of the can,
the color from
to
do
light of
the importance of
distinctly
can
sufficient to
amply
We
way
impressmost
from
top
best
GRAINING.
the
set forth
years'every-day experience,and
found
AND
PAINTING,
consideration
it is
case
a
all to
workman
ground
hour
not
pieces.
is
To
required to
be
The
be black.
suj^posedto
required,could
an
even
perfectsolution.
a
quick-dryingsubstance,and
a
in less than
over
is
present a smooth,
used
so
of time.
as
if the
finish
this
dry
to
This
thoroughly hard
escape
In
same
and
dilemma,
quicklyover
a
HOW
soft
TO
underneath,
quantityof
case,
however,
of color
the
singleday
a
; in such
rightcourse
turpentine,and
add
linseed-oil.
As
raw
time
in lieu thereof
time,
or
short
time
otherwise.
not
always be
it will
overnight. Black,
give
not
allowed
the
of this
correctness
described
time
let him
using the
after
coat
so
is
a
of varnish
as
good
one
left
the
the
of
body
reason
is, that
however
painter,
stripelet
will reveal
why
overnight before
course
in the
as
a
the
the
black
varnish
spoke by
the
ten
coating of
varnishing.
Another
long experience has
skiflful,
can
perform
when
to the
followingsjioke,
center
of
in
an
This
stripeis
shades.
color
it,
hour
all.
not
This
should
be
for such
reason
taught
a
as
ing,
morn-
over
that
varnished
un-
Next
first coat, and
fact
job
old
an
the
through
him
that, for
the
by
fectly
per-
quickly,will
dry overnight.
line
be
to
color
paintertake
the
in that
existingas
be removed
it to
broad
color
puttingon
black
Let
leave
a
doubts
pure
hour's
an
the
too
density of
the
wholly
over
leave
if varnished
theorymay
draw
same
in
claim
we
better to
dry. Any
to
proceedings:
paint it black, and
Yet
and
shade
same
ample
quantityof
varnish
for
coat
portion of
a
small
present
judgment,
our
safety,supposing the ground
but
reasons,
many
a
will
coat
apply one
to
out
a
extraordinary
be varnished
this coat may
with
color
said,this black, thinned
before
turpentine,will dry ready
hard,
the
no
is,in
leave
case,
with
less ; and
and
which
"
the
to
that
operationis
of
231
yielding. The
measure,
ample
supposes
only on
suggest adding
a
that the mode
haste,and
RESULTS.
rubbing-varnish, so
hard, but, in
not
BEST
THE
would
we
elastic
dry
"
GET
us
that
no
perfectlysatisfac-
tory job
hard
all the
is done
look
to
jobs
"
at
endure
as
been
when
work, however,
not
have
"
in
this
time
States
of the
some
best
Such
manner.
the test of actual
where
work
does
and
dry
in the United
that
done
to
put
and
judgment, ninety per
our
admit
quickly; yet we
too
each
become
to
done
carriage-painting
cent, of all the
GRAINING.
give
not
time
In
through.
way
does
varnish
paint and
of
AND
PAINTING,
who
coach-painting
in
coat
every
CARRIAGE
AND
HOUSE
232
has been
does
use,
duly givento
all the processes.
Referring again
of
being varnished
over
of
complaints because
and
every
or
himself
do not
too
quickly,and
of the
his
paintersin
have, by
use
the
direction
in the trade
in the
who
of
working
the
best
results
and
in detail.
apply in
extent
an
that
lakes
"What
with
there
carmines,
the
least
are
fifty
has
been
to all the
of the
most
the
men
fore-
country
with
themselves
advice
they requireno
gladlyreceive
and
of
every
generalway
a
that
Yet
matter.
each
this
investigate
throughout
carriage-shops
would
way
shall
each
doubt, true
colors to such
occasional
request that
experience,familiarized
and
because
convincing.
own
consider
will
to
readers
our
to
propose
have
this,we
body-colors. It is,no
or
of black
and
black
respecting
ground
discoloration
colors
coach-painters'
more
said
the
painteramong
questionfor
We
to
doubtless
instruction
in order
as
to
expenditure of
many
to the
produce
labor
and
material.
In all
start.
this
a great deal
operations,
depends on
would
Therefore, we
important
truth
:
in
have
all lake
all learners
or
carmine
gettinga
lay to
fair
heart
jobs,let
the
HOW
he
ground
TO
close
as
point,although
in this
of the
this
over
believe
the
color,but
the most
in
ground
would
put
in
a
the next
work.
which
is not
for
color
To
this
the
work
prepared
granted that
has
been
this must
the
must
thoroughlyincorporatedwith
as
the color will
the
be
freelyand
may
flow
be
is well
foregoingdirections
be
all
of
the color.
that
only
finish
the
stirred
TMs
broken
Then
this
pure
in and
must
be
up,
smooth
add
as
peated
re-
much
bear, and yet dry, ready for
perfectly. Nothing
lost,by working
with
quantityof
the
oil,add turpentine
working consistency. It
to proper
be
thereto,
to
can
well
varnish,by standingovernight. After
to thin
there
good
clean, and
homogeneous.
entirely
and
requiresa
"
accordance
is
a
brightestin
adoption
the color.
until the color in the cup
linseed-oil
the
very small
a
produce
preparationof
from
be added
hold
in
the cup
taken
to
can
itself,
not
Would
questionan
the
only
Supposing, then,
spiritsof turpentine,which
in the mass,
are
by glazing
all the lakes
rule does
same
importantquestionis
It is taken
enough
"
with
correspondence,
?
principle,and
we
:
query
carmine
anticipateto
transparent of
the
why
reason
glazing colors
much
fact that
full
We
ground ?
in carmine
rich
ing
glaz-
starting-
proper
of the
produce a good Job
to
color to the
agreement with every member
take excepthose,however, who would
tion
good job
raw
to be
of
233
unmistakably negative. If, then,
answer
any
RESULTS.
i7i tone
position,we
our
black
a
BEST
conscious
are
To
attempt
you
we
we
in
particular
trade.
to
THE
imitation
an
possible. This
as
not
GET
the color
followed,and
be
can
must
gained, but
too thick.
the
color
work
be
If the
applied
CHAPTER
XXXIX.
ADULTERATION
The
enormous
Our
by
reckless
sometimes
walk
to
of
a
preventive
than
paint
Now,
a
expended
the
saving
have
Another
will
same,
Take,
for
These
are
'described
because
the
the
chrome
the
that
he
the
to
exertion
of
cover
after
time
the
and
a
saving
take
job
to
called
used
copper
foregoing pages.
in
are
of twice
by
and
that
names.
necessarily
similar
?
names
carriage-painting.
greens,
The
not
care
sarily
neces-
care
to
and
is finished.
labor
slavish devotion
things
a
it for under
and
up
a
sary
neces-
precaution
proper
:
purchasing
buy
can
in the
be
greens
example
shilling,devoted
two
may
or
and
besides.
only equaled
For
purpose
the
resulted
they
example,
in
of
is
is
country
world
way,
remaining
absurdity :
learn
men
either
be
this
all the
time
by omitting
quarter part
cleanliness,would
When
neglect
may
in
in
economy.
shilling less
to waste,
of whatever
at
the
then
in
certain
a
all for
and
nose,
amount.
than
speiid the
mile,
a
paint
his very
attempts
WASTE.
wasted
paint
prodigality,in
absurd
our
of
greater,perhaps,
"
painterwill
can
value
money
AKD
and
docly
are
briefly
greens
are
the
(almost,in
this
all it
conceals
fair
sellingprice of
would
*^
pound
a
of
chrome-green"
in
two
!
green
mixed
this
in
wool
shoddy with
?
is
the
its
the
in
base, to
one
with
own
vastlymore
would
the United
so-called
pound
one
pound
is
to convince
consumer
pure
the
colors
coloringproperty
or
on
by reflecting
impart
its tone
translucent
to
requirea
transparentwhen
the
same
the
are
real
fact that
of color to
a
when
very
cheapest.
of
power
the
a
he has to
ivith the
elaborate
substance,causingit
idea of the
singlepound
"in
pounds
the mass"
ment
argufor the
chrome-green
hundred
to the
quires
painterre-
mixed
Some
ner
man-
mixing
or
comprehensionthat
dullest
the
chrome-
as
consideringthat
buys
of
of color and
all is sold
What
respectively.
not
seem
proper
production of cloth,adds
for the color he
bilities
proba-
chrome-green,
paint in
of
! And,
about
sulphateof
simplysilica,
(the best),say,
to the value
A
price it
! The
Listen
of the base ; and
of these articles
sand, it
had
buy
lime, colored
is color,not sand
pay
Yet
in
carriage-shop
earthybase, which
oils,adds
at this
in any
we
covers
be
degree as watering milk, sanding sugar,
and
value
and
body
black.
or
color,under
of the
pounds
Now,
dense
a
of this
of
pounds
hundred
is of
obtainable.
proportionsvarying from
color to five
colors,
copper
dry, would
green,
commerce
carbonate
baryta,or
are
white
to consumers,
What, then, do
States.
whether
this pure
not be found
can
pure,
cheapest green
that
are
touches,
pound
per
the
be
name,
diaphanous greens
GRAINING.
respect, rivalinglampblack), and
and
eightycents
AND
PAINTING,
Chrome-green, when
rule.
a
CARRIAGE
colors and
chrome
as
AND
HOUSE
236
of
may
be
of it will
a
to
glassy,
resem-
AND
ADULTERATION
ble
the
pure
this
pretended
and
viewed
presents
speck
of
along
a
sandy
unmixed
color
That
beach.
with
spread
there, like
the
when
piece of glass,
a
magnifying-glass,it
or
minute
small
would
sand,
for
mass,"
upon
painter
a
237
the
vitreous
of
and
here
"in
microscope
a
appearance
color
is
paint
green
through
the
I say
itself.
green
WASTE.
grains,with
sea-birds
had
scattered
better
seem
a
the
buy
self-evident
a
proposition.
casuallyinto
Dropping
espied
we
ago,
It
japan.
drying
into
it,and
influences
found
of
One
there.
was
little
a
the
the
sides, and
of
had
I
suited
with
first
rate, hut
these
under
any
amount
exposed
it dries
up
treatment
about
of
into
We
thirds
two
not
the
"
it with
a
of its
the
material
the
"Oh!"
!
"
We
that,
in
nal
origi-
fifteenth
hands,"
the
looked
in
part
want
palette-knife,
left,unfilled,to dry
were
as
dust, dirt,
atmosphere.
warm
so
to the
the
around
speediest
foreman
how
he
said
"the
black
he,
thought,
it would
was
if it did
well
is
not
deserve
of maledictions.
utmost
care
pulous cleanliness,are
in the
and
asked
goods.
it
contained, ivory-blackin
another
We
it,signifyingthat
on
originalvalue
waste
long
had
dipped
thus
such
dry
results
a
deep pits or holes
possible manner.
The
its
after
black,
and
of
label
a
it contained
; but
contents
or
uncovered,
was
and
with
can,
contain,
did
(the can)
a
carriagepaint-shop, not
a
and
attention,
and
indispensable to
carriagepaint-shop.
the
economy
most
and
scru-
good
CHAPTER
THE
The
has
cure,
great
so
wholly
not
has
consumer
he
credence
to
been
has
have
his
beyond
in the
belief that
such
paints
is
so
it easy
article
small
of
hope
Would
of
than
money
of
a
color
difficult
and
could
of
would
detection
In
a
of
adulteration
A
singleounce
afford
by
of
a
those
a
this be detected, in
sell it pure
as
material
a
of
pound
using, by
more
almost
the
at
the
!
varnish
of
practice
example,
expensive
larger profitto
who
the
for
Take,
in
scrupulous
un-
adulteration
make
makes
ready
spoilinga job
gallon of
The
so
The
and
him
seem
risk
to
the
needy
give
to
a
on
as
color
of
would
novelty ?
a
profits.
because
It
comparatively safe.
cost.
part
promised
half-dollar
a
be
carmine.
usually realized
Nor
case
the
coach-painterwould
saving
percentage
in the
a
dispositionon
promises
it is worth.
late
own
immoderate
the
of
its
blame,
to
to
a
has
out
work
to
as
of
out
secure
sellers,who
for
evil
most
given
paints,wliich
of
an
grown
manufacturer
the
COLORS.
EEADY-GKOUJSTD
OF
adulteration
extreme
become
years
of
USE
XL.
the
this,
a
tion
reduc-
this expensive
seller than
is
first hands.
most
skillful
THE
and
by
OF
USE
untimely fading of
late to
less
are
The
with
and
They
made
of this business
to be
are
it is
and
Or,
the
applianceswhich
do
illustrate the convenience
To
Two
The
painted.
dry materials
three
or
time
would
job
an
suppose
to match
In
spokes in
new
necessary
be
carriageto
to prepare
the
discovered
This
match.
varnish
in the process
and
with
loss of
; the result
it is not
and
very
colors
a
say
of course,
into
elegantlytermed,
been
on
hand,
covered
be diseven
strongerlight.
but, suppose
it to have
:
one
nothing of
the
is almost
the waste-
in the
match
volves
inis
after another
loss of patience
is,a quantityof paint sufficient
finds its way
has
grinding,the change
colors
time, to
which,
carriage-parts,
work,
of
color
not
may
run
perhaps not
;
placed in
and
completed
addition of various
an
the
grinding process
of
application
revarnished.
be
stone, and afterward
the
on
longer a
no
is
old
result is generaldissatisfaction ;
ground
is
specialty
a
ready
until the
other
make
colors
is
two
possibleto
and varnish,with
match, paint,stripe,
changed, and
added,
requirements
that
reason
means
:
the
in
use
cient
suffi-
mill.
as
the
case
a
consequences.
than
through the
been
be too
more
color is mixed
The
that would
only to
finer than
paint-shop.
paint from
at hand.
until
immediate
carriage-painting,
are
with
colors,suppose
to
In
paint-shop,for
exist in the
the
color, and
reference
are
in the
The
to
only
the
for
prepared expressly
them
old wheel
be revealed
referred
trade.
of these
clieat would
239
remote
work,
carriage-
not
COLORS.
important than
colors
of the
evil.
the
remedy
effects
an
The
practicedpainter.
the
GROUND
HEADY-
to
paint
worthless
or
slush-tub,
paint-shop.
could
for
have
Had
been
HOUSE
240
in
made
CARRIAGE
AND
quarter
one
stock, and
the
the
in the process
of
done
by
other
boys and
that
avoided
body
than
Time
with
driven
black
the
on
is
of the
to be
hot
a
of immature
ordered
other
The
one.
crank
a
the
half
task
is at
feelinghimself
the foreman
of
mistake
of hands.
the
entitled
industryand
from
comes
daylightleft
singlebrushful
to
like
color
of the
to
and
in
new
tain
cer-
of
screw,
and
The
color.
the hands
he
"
his life
gives
^not
the
goes to
a
quantity,and
mill,which
recreation
he
the varnish-room
paint informs
the
he
half-ground color, and
half-hour's
body.
man,
fore-
"
the
perseverance,
the
A
disgusted
stinted
no
Leaving
a
:
Mantilini,feels
of fine colors
pot
in
to mix
slowlyunder
turns
end.
an
happen
The
just time
moderatelyfine
out
comes
in
is littleless
now
turn, and, presto ! the crank
neglectsto clean, and
for his
case
to
and,
;
"
grind." Tired
the color
always
on
a
job j^i'O^^ised
finds
work,
to insure
enough
thumb-screw
soon
a
do
another
paint-shopis short
appreciatingthe importance
livelytune,
mistakes
Suppose
limited,and
demnition
one
color
intrusted
judgment
said,such
an
"
is not
work
It is often
who,
perspiringjuvenile,
^^
and
mismatching the
stone, put it into the mill,turn the
give pressure
day
is
The
crime.
a
in time
both
such
workmen.
be
is ready for color
day.
of
; but
shops.
best-regulated
the
been
quarter the
one
thoroughgoing,practicalpainter
a
persons
all that may
spiteof
with
have
mistakes
styleof
that
and
GRAINING.
grinding.
such
not make
does
time
danger
be said
It may
the
saving would
material,and
AND
PAINTING,
The
him
in
ward
re-
and
disappears,
with
justenough
applicationof
a
that in fineness it
THE
is
a
equal
in
No.
to
coat
of
till
next
"
the
not
day
; or,
Do
!
foujid,
The
to
these
is
the
be
surface
a
remedy,
complaints.
grind
made
fine
with
unpainted,
a
stands
requires
respectable
frequently
a
to
presented
present
offer
241
time
no
not
body,
accidents
colors
is
could
smalied,
such
all
there
color
varnish
Ground
for
economical,
being
not
?
thin
boy, being
rubbing-
of
paint-shop
of
COLORS.
ROUND
; but
blessings
well,
coat
extra
tlie cup
So
week.
a
ABY-G
HE
saud-paper
2
lot, and
fresh
OE
USE
the
and
safe,
sure,
and
them,
Try
pearance.
ap-
in
occur
an
be
convinced.
These
colors
they
because
v/ork
they
readily
Mindred
the
shop
cents
the
the
cost
average
fifteen
colors,
all
who
on
the
buy
minimum
for
cent.
per
tlie
"
alone,
think
we
of
11
paint.
cost
are
of
one
and
as
aver
may
alone,
worthy
the
of
waste
to
the
than
colors
in
thirty
maximum
from
that
say
more
more
given being
dollar
a
with
because
dry
grinding
estimates
Ave
economy
advantages,
use
the
and
labor
score
other
and
in
extremes
conversing
the
to
but
colors,
only
not
use,
perfectly, and
more
After
as
general
other
any
flat
others.
painters
"
as
than
freely,
any
into
come
finer
are
more
than
five
should
ten
to
prepared
nothing
attention
of
of
all
HOW
TO
of these
THE
MAKE
BEST
JOB
in order
accidents,and
to
IN
the
secure
the
we
suggest
possiblein carriage-painting,
coat of clear
only one
is finished
establishment
color
with
(we speak now
but
first coat
coat
clear
on
the
of color is obtained
It should
do not
colors ;
varnish.
proportion as they
is
put
out of any
All
as
the
from
by
This
shops.
with
brilliancy
colors
for
or
in
the
would
: to
carriage-painting
be
lightmust
from
a
surface
colored
which
from
a
has beneath
to the
Black
who
ever
should
after that, every
coat
on
a
down
of varnish
in
crimson
colors
flected
re-
apothecaryA
fluid.
hues, though
the
same
possiblecolors,the
flat,opaque
it
one
parent
trans-
principleis
depth
surface,but
of continuous
through
groundwork.
in
the
and
of
in
To
coat
should
of
the
sive
succes-
this
be sure,
labor
gained a good thing without
be.put
colors
of colored
best
process.
body
beautiful
proceedingis expensive,both
; but
it ?
the
particlesreaching way
of
The
depth
a
marine-blue,
examples, ultra-
reflect such
not
show
not
reflected,
coats of varnish
mode
depth
substance.
same
the
the
beautiful
are
the windows
the
from
thin, flat glassvessel
filled with
with
placed in
results
clear
and
other
no
and
transparent:
are
vases
city
varnish,and
the opaque
rule, the
a
in
on
that
familiar
are
of
carmine
carmine, emerald-green,scarlet
lakes,etc.
the last
In this way
be had
can
beauty
and,
In
last is colored.
in mind
in
compare
results
course,
singlecoat
a
ground
which
be borne
best
of glazingjobs),
and
particularly
of
the
to
up
243
of
application
turned
without
more
coat
one
lakes,the
every
varnish,and that, of
believe that the best work
We
one.
BLACK.
and
rial
mate-
working
for
clear,flat color
contain
more
or
;
"
HOUSE
244
of
less
the
black
same
black
which
tinge
of
holds
is
course,
when
their
any
in
are
;
by
enough
and
men
content
not
particular.
*'
Excelsior
coach-painters.
THE
In
EN^D.
take
not
this
the
on
when
viewed
with
who
to
"
best,
strive
to
ably
toler-
good
It
se.
that
its
excel
in
inferior
a
riage
car-
any
the
is
work,
Any
^jcr
occupy
!
mode
All
almost
the
greenish
comparison.
and
to
up
avoid.
to
comparison
in
varnish.
night,
dark
a
coat,
impossible
only
well
apparent
productions
in
for
placed
is
inferiority
looks
is
bad
or
enough
black
good
only
it
does
GRAINING.
first
the
clear
be
and
color,
good
for
used
as
otherwise
is black
is
its
AND
PAINTING,
should
which
finishing-coat,
the
CARRIAGE
AND
tions
posimotto
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exercised
ecdotal
by the -AnHistory of Tarliameut.'' ''''"SaturdayEetiew.
as
man
*"
Ireland.
Young
A
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the Present
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Jennings.
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Frajiment
Gavan
of
Irish
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Duffy, K. C. M. G.
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Hon.
Sir
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The
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Eut. whenever
opportunely.
appear
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statesmudike
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been
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a
of
a
grasp
S}:ectato7\
great xaa.v^."'" London
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A
From
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History of Greece.
to
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Present.
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"
While
I cheerfnlly acknowledge
and
Grote"
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obligations to Gibbon
my
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writers
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s^tudy of the Greek
to differ from
them
The
matters.
on
me
important
peculiar feattire of the
many
therefore,
is that it is founded
Hellenic
I have not
work,
sources.
on
present
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hesitated
the Father
of History in portrayint?the heroism
and the sacrifices
for independence, nor, in delineatini,'
in their first Avar
of the Hellenes
the
of that epoch, to form
character
he has
judgment largely from the records
my
left n^.'''" Extract
from Preface.
most
"
History of Herodotus.
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English Version, edited, with Copious Notes and Appendices, by
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7%e
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Le Conte
known
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as
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ity
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most
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may
its efficient causes
it is beyond
the subject around
as
a doubt
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; and
will be
the
strife of opinions is most
violent, it is that which
present moment,
tate
1 have
endeavored
moi^t
to facililikely to repay the trouble of closer research.
this task so far as in me
lies."" ^/'ow
the Preface.
"
This
is in many
to
of the most
interesting contributions
respects one
iimQ.''''" Nature.
has appeared
for some
zoological literature which
The
By Ad. Wurtz,
Medecine
at
Membre
Atomic
de
I'lustitut ;
Professeur
Theory.
Honoraire
Doyen
la Faculte
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de
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lated
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man
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The
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obscure
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from
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imperfect exposition, are her*
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T7"e Papxdar Science Monthly.
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Charles
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to
main
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abatement
We
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results
course
Darwin
of
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with
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; and
ideas of the evolution
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tliey
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day."
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with
will lay it down
of this valuable
reader
monograph
which
has been
and
the amount
variety of maiter
slightand unpretending a subject."" "b'a"w?\^ayReview.
The
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The
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The
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Phygics in Columbia
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Professor
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be accepted as a competent
he treats, deals brieflyand
of science
of which
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the chief
But
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be termed
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with
the scientific rationale
may
he is himself
an
plished
accomof bis work
is to be attributed
to the fact that
value
artist as well as
autiioritative
an
expounder of scio.\iCQ."'"Edinburgli
Review, October,1879, in an article on '' The rhilosophy of Color.''''
of
United
College,
Education
Bain, LL. D.
Alexander
By
'"
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It should
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attention.
bespeak for it the widest circulation and the most
be in the hands
of every
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and
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the
throughout
land.'"" A^eit- York Sun.
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A
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By Robert
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H. Thurston, A. M., C. E., Professor
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