1. business and industrial
2. company
3. annual report

HOW
TO
FOR
THE
WRITE
PRESS
BY
DAVIES
P.
E.
AFFORDING
Comprehensive Instructions for
Reporting all kinds of Events
London
GUILBERT
85,
PITMAN
FLEET
STREET,
E.G.
and
S.
W.
8
"
PARTRIDGE
"
9, PATERNOSTER
All
Rights
1910
CO., LTD.
Row, E.G.
Restrved
How
glance
a
at its
The
I have
which
shorthand,
steadily adding
years,
experience
supply
is
a
copy
in
I
such
a
did
book
happen
not
his
in
impossible
work,
to
slip
any
very
with
the
he
in the
train
is
hand,
for
innumerable
on
be
on
any
reporter,
of
run
as
casions
oc-
my
way
full
pocket-book
of
in
of
Whilst
public gathering (as
provincial
9.1R251
to
events
account.
a
entered
to his
connection
and
a
I
With
omit
or
to
reports),
and
all up
at
item,
an
at
occasion, it is
gatherings
required to give
on
present.
particularinquiry
representative
very
a
to
important
any
ordinary
which
giving
time
to
exceedingly serviceable,especially
almost
make
time
for
ting-up" particularsof proceedings
"hun
which
it
it from
I have
pocket
in my
carried
to
dictated.
found
the
it will
a
pocket-book gradually compiled by myself
a
in
in
seen
work
of the
text
be
is to
I believe
contents, and
long-feltwant.
of
my
little work
of this
object
Press*
FOREWORD.
AUTHOR'S
THE
the
for
Write
to
have
the
newspaper
often
opened
questions to
be
vi
AUTHOR'S
asked
the
during
blanks
for the
end
of the
had
all been
could
have
in
day
only "give
desire
he
case
be
written
tyro
terms
and
being, he
to
also
the
so
cannot
much
prove
the business
the
scribes.
information
it may
be of
and
proficient
him
of
many
in hand
;
which
whilst
the
will aid his memory
expressionwhich,
call
is not
to the
overlook
to
view
for
the
recollection.
questions given
with
the
reminding
with
useful.
valuable
that
to
even
in that
book
the
ceeding
pro-
weekly
down
the
that
think
phrases given
of the
local
of
are
a
are
that
or
of newspaper
impartswill
likely to forgetor
giving him
many
that
conceded
I venture
things connected
is
instructions
question set
experiencedpressman,
he
surface;
representativeof
of this
specialclass
advantage
some
the
on
whose
in mind
probably be
; but
that I
questionsare
reporter for the
borne
the work
which
the
sticks"
find every
for any
It will
I had
get the fullest details,and
to
will
It must
seem
to
so
few
a
the
; but
may
be
of the
may
evening paper,
or
that
sure
was
nothing of importance.
missed
indeed
morning
to
I
I required,and
particulars
superfluous.So they
may
the blanks
proceedings,findingthat
filled up,
at the
filled in ; and
be said that many
It may
and
note-book, leaving
my
to be
answers
all the
obtained
FOREWORD.
by
time
Again,
intended,
obtaining
not
direct
AUTHORS
them,
to
answers
and
of
might
otherwise
the
as
the
even
think
and
proceedings
Vli
FOREWORD.
mention
escape
under
to
lead
tho
person
himself,
questioner
other
connected
consideration.
E.
P.
to
which
matters,
notice,
tioned,
ques-
DAVIES.
with
HINTS.
GENERAL
difficulties
THE
of
advantages
neither
are
certain
achieve
his
in
which
suggestions,
experience,
lack
the
The
the
Press
languages
;
and
There
to
to
diverge
requires
he
to
should
who
"will
enable
be
not
a
possess
of
re-examine
to
strict
prompt
decision
has
him
the
from
is
both
clear
some
tent,
ex-
summarised.
a
sound
combined
resist
line
in
of
all
duty
decision
judgment.
says
conclusions
some
mental
and
for
too,
;
French
and
physical
need,
body
with
Latin
character,"
his
actual
representative
a
in
the
active
an
temperament.
courage,
of
mind
least,
at
to
briefly
education,
of,
joined
sub-
The
instruction.
very
sound
a
English
knowledge
be
to
upon
supply,
to
preliminary
may
comprise
good
based
qualifications
primary
They
a
of
determined
is
are
intended
are
speedily
very
calling.
adopted
given
conditions,
be
novice
the
ing,
train-
Still,
and
may
the
enjoyed
not
slight.
which
the
of
path
professional
regular
nor
provided
success
has
qualifications
difficulties
are
surmounted,
of
a
few
primary
they
who
journalist,
young
the
beset
which
moral
inducements
and,
;
and
*
'
as
he
action,
The
John
man
Foster,
with
end-
IO
GENERAL
HINTS.
less
and he will
repetition,
consulting other persons
after
consult
however,
qualities,
but
himself."
the
little
foundations.
of
hope
that
assume
These
be
not
he
Without
in
success
delayedlong by
ceased
has
journalism.
the foundations
have
are
is
there
them
been
shall
We
well and
proceed to consider how
professional
competency is
the
laid, and
faithfully
superstructureof
to
to be
raised.
The
junior reporter may be placed either upon
the home
staff of his journal, or, which
is not
unfrequentlythe case, he may be stationed in an
he is
the whole of the news
of which
out-district,
to the head
expected to glean, and to forward
office day by day.
his difficulties
In the latter case
will be greater, from
the fact that he has
has to be guided to a
to instruct him, and
one
no
large extent by his own
ment,
judgment. That judgwho
unless it is aided by the counsel of one
has passed through similar experiences,
is likely
at times to lead the beginner astray.
One of the primary virtues which
a
newspaper
reporter ought to possess is that of punctuality,
and if this is cultivated assiduouslyat the outset
of his
of
the
had
to
him
a
sort
of time
full and
a
Its
nature.
amount
secure
become
advantages are obvious.
at
reporter frequentlyobtains information
be
of a meeting which
commencement
cannot
able
afterwards,save at the expense of a consider-
second
The
it will in time
career
and
correct
trouble
; he
list of names,
is able
where
to
it is
lutions
give it,with, perhaps,copiesof resointended
to be moved, and of documents
necessary
to
GENERAL
to be read
intended
HINTS.
; and
he
II
the
opening
speechesand explanationswhich frequentlyconstitute
the key to the entire proceedings. He is
also able to select for himself the best place for
hearingand seeingat the reporters'
table,if there
be one,
or
secures
if that
elsewhere
be not
convenience
provided.
Next
being punctual the reporter
habits of promptitude. That is
to
cultivate
he
should
transcribe
report and
forward
his
it to
notes
the
or
should
to say,
his
prepare
office with
little
as
delay as possible. If he is on the staff of a daily,
the exigencies
of his positionwill render promptitude
in writingout and
despatchinghis copy an
his instructions,
absolute necessity. Where
is
as
commonly the case on dailynewspapers
nowadays,
to send his report by telephoneor by telegraph,
are
he should cultivate the habit of draftingit
while seated at the reporters'
in shorthand
table,
be in a form ready for immediate
that it may
so
and
the meeting
as
as
soon
rapid transmission
he is connected
Where
terminates.
with a weekly
with
almost
entire week
an
journal he may,
before him, be often tempted to postpone until
what
to-morrow
ought to be done to-day. It is
far better
morning
to
work
in order
into
to
the
small
clear off
an
hours
of
the
accumulation
of
notes, than
next
postpone their transcriptionto the
that " the unexpected
day when, it is just possible,
will
happen." As far as possibleevery
day's task should be completed before the close of
the day. Only thus will he be ready next
day
for any
emergency
that may
arise.
GENERAL
12
HINTS.
reportershould always bear in mind that
his mission
is to reproducefacts and arguments,
advanced
properly,statements
or, perhaps more
such ; and that he is not required,save
as
upon
exceptionaloccasions, to express either his own
opinionsor those of his journal. He should, like
"Hard
Mr.
Times," be
Gradgrind in Dickens'
regulated and governed by fact. Of course, in
is termed
what
descriptivereporting,it will be
for him
to express opinions, but they
necessary
should only be such as are based upon well-ascertained
facts, and should not be coloured by his
social.
or
own
political,
personalviews
religious,
the importance of cultivating
Hence
a
strictly
judicialhabit of mind.
Accuracy is an invaluable qualityin a journalist.
The
"
careless and
A
to achieve
inaccurate
scribe
can
never
in his
because
the
calling,
he is connected
must
inevitably
paper with which
and
that very
suffer in consequence,
speedily;
lose his situation,
if he does not
and even
soon
will probably be the case, his own
as
reputation
and
that of his journal will fall together. He
should be particularas to the correct orthography
hope
of proper
the
names
title
be
names
careful
or
it necessary
or
to
mention
careful
movers
take
down
with
extreme
to
should
of every
whom
be
the
son
per-
he finds
most
of resolutions
reproduce dates
care
ascertain
pulously
scru-
as regards
get these particulars
seconders
and
and
;
to
initials,and
designation,if any,
speech he is recordingor
whose
all
should
;
Christian
exact
correct
success
; and
and
;
other
should
figures
should, if possible,
verify
GENERAL
HINTS.
13
all
quotationswhen he has any doubt as to their
strict verbal fidelity
to the original. So in the
of resolutions
case
proposed, statistics quoted
from blue-books,pamphlets,or other works in the
hands of a speaker,and
read.
If
all documents
he can
neither
borrow
nor
them, and is
copy
conscious
that he
has got only an
imperfect
he should
summary,
it
content
himself
with
ducing
repro-
such, in the third person, omitting
everything with respect to which he is at all
doubtful. Documents, however, can generallybe
borrowed, and this 'should always be done when
practicable,
providedthey are important.
In descriptive
writing the first thing to be
done
is to
skeleton
the
as
next,
consistent
taken
sufficient facts
secure
or
framework
of the
take
that
to
with
these
facts.
form
the
description; and
is
the description
Care
should
be
flated
adoption of a turgidor instyle,and, above all,the use of what are
termed
"penny-a-linerisms,"or
"newspaper
The
most
common-places," should be avoided.
effective speech or
is almost
discourse
always
couched
in the simplestlanguage ; and, in like
the best description
of any public event,
manner,
whether of a festive or funereal character,produces
the best impressionwhen
told in simple,homely
Saxon phraseology. The phrase Sol's effulgent
nice rollingsound
to have
seem
a
rays
may
about
it, but most
people will prefer simple
"
sunshine
of space,
principlesof economy
; on
which
ought always to be a consideration to
the simple monosyllable " church
journalists,
to
eschew
care
to
the
"
"
"
"
14
HINTS.
GENERAL
edifice";
preferredto "sacred
and
with
so
"hymeneal altar," "the funeral
worthy
cortege," "devouring element," "the
is much
to
host and
hostess,"and
all of which
be
terms, with
"
the cup
that cheers
that
others
many
"
"
will
readily suggest themselves, have more
simple
and expressiveequivalents.
A descriptive
report should give prominence to
whatever
is distinctive,
exceptional,
significant,
otherwise noteworthy in the speechesdelivered
or
the performance given ; it should set forth in
or
language that is as far as possiblevivid and
picturesque the general features and all the
specialincidents of the occasion, the behaviour
of performers and
spectators,and if necessary,
the appearance
of the placein which the incidents
take place. No attempt should be made
to crowd
the report with a multiplicity
of trivial details,
with
the idea that it is necessary
to record
thing,
every-
important or unimportant, that occurred.
Such
A
a
report will only bore the reader.
descriptivereport should, above all things,be
a
good general
interesting. It should convey
impressionof what took place,and of everything
important,
that
occurred.
A
of
mass
minor
spoil the picture. Bearing this in
mind, the young
reporter will find that the
of detecting, selecting,and
habit
mentioning
of iris relevant, from
number
what
a
among
habit he
That
relevancies,will grow upon him.
must
sedulouslycultivate if he is to make a good
descriptivereporter.
details
Where
will
all that is
of
required
him
is
a
very brief
GENERAL
of
summary
a
speech or
he will be wise
a
verbatim
HINTS.
a
number
should
He
of
speeches,
his notebook
to cumber
not
note.
of
15
take
down
with
in
the
words
the main
points of the
speaker'sown
speaker's
argument, his most tellingobservations,
that
the house."
the statements
bring down
"
is there to record the purport of the addresses
He
reproducethat ; and in giving
of
for the benefit of the reading public the sense
he should adhere as closely
remarks
the speaker's
the
as
possibleto the exact words in which
Some
amount
speakerexpresses his sentiments.
of paraphrasing will, of course,
be frequently
in paraphrasingthere should
essential ; but even
be no departure,
that is not obviouslyunavoidable,
from the actual phraseologyof a speaker.
To condense
hour's duration,a
a speech of an
of words,
speech containing several thousands
and to give the pith of the speech in a score
of
than probably a couple
lines containingnot more
delivered,and
of hundred
to
words,
is
a
fine art
"
an
art that needs
deliberatelycultivating. The
beginner must
his attention on the essential things,
concentrate
the
important things, the significant
things.
him perfectin this as in other
Practice will make
departmentsof his work.
will find it necessary, in the exercise of his
multitude
of technical exa
calling,to use
pressions.
He
He
the
He
did
He
must
make
it his business
rightexpressionsand to use
misuse
must
never
them, as
recentlywith regard to the
was
sent
to
report
a
concert
them
to
use
correctly.
reporter
young
word "libretto."
a
at
which
some
1
6
GENERAL
HINTS.
performed. In his account of
the proceedingshe indulged,with a great show of
cisms
critiin some
severe
profundityand infallibility,
excellent vocalists
on
what
he termed
the "libretto"
of
some
singers'voices 1 Apparently he meant
gether
some
qualityin the voices which did not altopleasehim !
It is impossibleto give hints with respect to
which
a
journalist
description of work
every
of his professional
be
in the course
career
may
to perform. We
called upon
however,
propose,
and
sort of rough classification,
to attempt a
each head a few suggestions
out under
to throw
to give a
for the guidance of beginners and
be of service
that may
variety of information
to those who
no
longer regard themselves
even
as mere
beginners.
of
the
It
is
intended
to
set
forth
a
collection
of
relatingto business,sports,
expressions
of various kinds,
pastimes,and public events
to have
it will be useful for the journalist
which
reminders
at his fingers'
ends, and to add some
which
he should
to the specialinformation
as
technical
make
it his business
for the purposes
to obtain
of
framing his reports.
PUBLIC
MEETINGS.
"public meeting" is, according to
the late Lord
Campbell, "a wide description,
of
a
meetings, from
embracing all kinds
county meeting to a parish meeting." We
here
cannot
go at length into the question of
Suffice it to say.
is a publicmeeting?
"What
The
term
"
17
HINTS.
GENERAL
meetings to which the public generally
for lawful
have
a
right of entrance, convened
relatingto the welfare of the community
purposes
to be public,and are, by
at large,are understood
the Newspaper Libel and
Act, 1881
Registration
fair
(44 and 45 Viet., cap. 60), privileged
; and
be made
reports of what is said at them cannot
the ground of actions
for libel.
Meetings to
which
the reporters are
admitted, but to which
the general public have
the free right of
not
paper
and, therefore,newsentrance, are not privileged,
have' to be careful in publishing
conductors
made
in them
of a compromising
statements
that
all
nature.
In
such
cases
the
reporterwould
do well
specialattention of the sub- editor to
those portionsof his report with respect to which
stand
he has any doubts.
The reportershould underexactlythe value of reportsof all kinds of
publicmeetings to the newspaper which he represents,
to direct the
in order that he
may
write
them
out
at the
required length. No rule can be given as to the
lengthof reports; the reportermust either follow
cretion
his instructions,
exercise his own
or
personaldisin the matter.
If the report is full he
render the speechesof the principal
speakers
may
(i.e.,those who are regarded locallyas the most
ential,
important,and who are, perhaps,the most influthe various
orators)in
personages
among
the first person,
and
give the remaining
may
speechesin the third person ; or he may give all
the speechesin the third person.
A report given
in the last-mentioned
of more
form is susceptible
compression than one in the former ; and where
1
8
GENERAL
speakeris neither very fluent nor very logical,
is perhaps unnecessarilyverbose, the third
the
and
method
person
endeavour,
it were,
the
the
admits
either
In
treatment.
in
HINTS.
far
reporter should
the
case
of
as
of
sense
newspaper
verbatim
be
than
more
greater freedom
to reproduce,as
practicable,
speaker'spersonality. A full report,
as
necessitya
no
of
one
:
term, is
the
much
that
ornamental
mere
not
of
is said may
verbiage,which
no
ideas,but has the effect of
only embodies
be mere
Much
more
obscuringthe sense.
may
of driving an
repetition,useful for the purpose
do not
home
who
to hearers
always
argument
not
it is stated for the
appreciateits full force when
first time, and who
only can be got to grasp it
thoroughlywhen it is repeatedseveral times, but
merely tedious to the reader who does not need
repetitions.A short report should, as far as it
of
abstract
intelligible
goes, be a complete and
the proceedings,
showing fairlythe leadingpoints
versational
Conboth sides.
on
arguments advanced
of Town
those
as
meetings, such
Councils, Boards of Guardians, Parish Councils,
and
easilyreported after the reporterhas got
has acquired some
the members, and
to know
take care
He must
knowledge of their business.
with
at the outset, however, not
to get confused
etc.
,
are
members'
which
names,
getting credit
for
orations
all
secure
of Mr.
result
in Mr.
eloquent and
Jones, and
vice
Smith
most
vincing
con-
versa.
At
public or semi-publiccharacter
he is called upon
to report, he ought to
a
good place both for seeingand hearing.
meetings of
which
the
may
a
GENERAL
20
William
Jones,
HINTS
Bart."
indicated
by
of
the
knighthood
a
;
the
title,as
"
Sir
is sufficiently
William
Jones."
A
member
Cabinet
should
always be
name
being
his
by the title of his office,
also given. Either of the followingmethods
may
be adopted : The
sident
Right Hon. John Burns (Preof the Local Government
Board ) ; or, The
of the Local Government
President
Board
( The
Right Hon. John Burns).
described
Expressions that
be omitted
may
in
"Full"
Reports.
A
report gives the speaker'swords
full
without
the
in
the
padding of his
that
phrases, the words
speech,the connective
that add nothing to
to fill up
serve
pauses, and
the meaning. The followingexpressionsand all
which
similar expressions,
are
commonly on the
be safelyleft out of
lipsof public speakers,
may
first person
report,however
any
mere
full ; and
their omission
will
and
generallybe found to improve the readability
literaryvalue of the report :
the
Now
At
begining of sentences.
; still ;
well ; well, then ; and now,
gentlemen.
Generally anywhere in a speech. However
;
notwithstanding ; nevertheless.
I tell you, gentlemen ; I venture
to say ; I
to repeat ; I don't hesitate to say ; I don't
venture
"
hesitate
I
am
to affirm.
bound
to say
declare ; I
am
bound
am
ready to affirm.
to
; I
am
am
bound
bound
to tell you
to
;
I
repeat ; I
HINTS.
GENERAL
I don't
to
mean
what
I
what
I want
I maintain
ready
Let
to
is ; what
maintain
prepared to
am
I think
personally,
say ; let
let
warn
me
say
is ;
I want
; I
am
I have
tell you
me
; I feel.
this ; let
me
assure
you.
Now, lastly;
and
is ;
mean
is.
; I
;
me
;
I wish
I
to maintain.
I think
you
is ; what
to understand
you
to remember
you
that ; what
say
to say
mean
21
words
in other
;
one
word
more,
done.
Information
to be ascertained
at
Public
Meetings.
meeting convened ?
of society or body under
Obtain
exact
name
whose
auspices the gathering has been called.
circular or
Get
prospectus of society,or any
to its doings,or
as
pamphlet giving information
relatingto the business of the meeting.
?
Is the convening societyold or new
whom
By
When
is the
it formed
was
?
membership large?
What
specialcircumstances, if any, led
?
meeting being convened
of the meeting ?
is the purpose
What
Is its
Who
Is he
or
the
otherwise
If
chairman
is the
to ocupy
not, what
is the
person ?
Is the chairman
What
are
?
announced
person
to the
by advertisement
that post ?
reason
well-known
of the absence
locally
his chief local activities ?
of that
GENERAL
22
Get
HINTS.
of every
copy
resolution
and
amendment
proposed.
Get
full
of every
Set
proposer
in
if
designation,
or
any,
seconder.
name
or
initials of persons
report.
If votes
For
or
title
Christian
out
named
and
name
at
meeting counted, get
exact
figures.
DescriptiveReport, or DescriptivePortion
of Report.
Were
sanguine,
pessimistic,
speakersoptimistic,
tedious,good orators,
indignant,humorous, genial,
prosy, dreary talkers,imaginative,matter-of-fact,
dogmatic,apologetic?
tame, censorious,dictatorial,
Was
or
apathetic,readily
meeting enthusiastic
responsive to speakers'appeals,good-humoured,
or
critical ?
Was
Could
Were
the
buildingsuitable
the audience
hear
?
well
throughout?
opponents present?
In
?
largenumbers
the
Were
interruptionsfrequent, persistent,
spiteful,jocular, occasional, flippant, serious,
damaging, rude, senseless ?
Which
speech made the
to the
audience
most
effective
appeal
?
anything strikingabout the appearance
building,the platform,the decorations,
there
Was
of the
the costumes
Was
Was
?
building full,crowded, partly empty
there an overflow
meeting ?
the
If so, where ?
addressed
Who
it ?
?
GENERAL
HINTS.
MEETINGS.
POLITICAL
Most
"
the
of
Public
2$
hints
given
"
Meetings
will
under
the
heading
apply
to
political
meetings.
Designations of Political
Liberals,
Unionists,
Liberal
Unionists, Socialists, Nationalists
Trade
Irish
"
Radicals,
Whigs,
Tories, Labour
Conservatives, Unionists,
to
Societies.
and
Parties
Party,
(applied
representatives).
Miscellaneous.
Nonconformist
"
Traders, Cobdenites,
Land
Tariff
Nation
members,
Free
lishes,
Disestab-
Reformers,
alisers, Anti-Vaccinators,
Orangemen, Teetotallers, Prohibitionists, Local
Vetoists, Adult
Suffragists,Women
Suffragists,
Suffragettes,Militant
Free
Fooders,
Primrose
Home
Rulers,
Socialist
Labour
(Abbreviation, S.D.F.),
Social
Freedom
League,
Association,
Liberal
Federation,
Party (Abbreviation, I.L.P.),
Fabian
Political
and
National
Suffrage Societies,
Federation
Democratic
Social
League,
Women's
Unionist
National
League,
Independent
Suffragists,Individualists,
Society,
National
Union,
Women's
Union
Men's
League
of
Women's
for
Women's
Suffrage.
Useful Phrases,
etc.
"
tested
Election, by-election,con-
election, three-cornered
scattered
contest, out-voters,
constituency, constituents, electorate,
political campaign,
active
reactionary parties,party
political propaganda
of progress.
GENERAL
24
MEETINGS
COUNTY
OF
(NOTE.
These
their
bodies
the
The
collective
duties
their
procedure at
identical. )
The
whose
Council
bulk
meetings is practically
of
are
consider
all
them
to
sentatives
repreis
business
that
Committees,
to
referred back
Education
Baths
for
sideration.
recon-
The
mittees
customary ComPurposesCommittee, Finance
Committees.
General
:
Committee,
conducts
to
reports are presentedat the Corporationor
or
wholly
meetings, and either partially
Names
Pensions
these bodies
therefore
and
is remitted
of the work
similar,
very
meetings of each of
a
right, however,
confirmed, rejected,or
Roads
COUNCILS.
are
public, with
any specialbusiness in camera,
exclude
with
the public, and
of the Press, while
being conducted.
are
AND
cause
grouped togetherbe-
are
and
powers
COUNCILS,
DISTRICT
RURAL
AND
"
CORPORATIONS.
BOROUGH
COUNCILS,
URBAN
and
HINTS.
"
Committee,
Committee,
Roads
Libraries
Committee
mittee,
Comor
mittee,
Lighting Committee, Sanitary ComPublic Health Committee, BuildingsCommittee,
Street
Improvements Committee, and
and
Committee.
Where
the
publicservices there may be
Electric Lighting Committee,
Tramways
Committee,
municipality
a
Gas
mittee,
Com-
"Water Committee,
etc.
are
private,and must
Meetings of Committees
be reported,except that in some
not
boroughs
Committee
the meetings of the Education
are
GENERAL
thrown
25
to the
public,in which
report the proceedingsof
open
customary
HINTS.
to
Procedure.
of
Minutes
"
it is
case
that
mittee.
com-
previous meetings ;
read and discussed in their
reportsof Committees
order ; general correspondence; and
motions
of
which notice has been given.
Information to
Get
copy
How
of
"What
are
Who
is in
their
Alderman,
an
agenda.
members
many
the
or
present ?
?
names
chair ?
Is
chairman
Mayor;
Councillor ?
a
of
number
Exact
le obtained.
votes
for and
against every
resolution.
As
voted
regards
for and
all
important resolutions,who
in
against? Set out their names
report.
If a deputation received during the meeting,
of the body appointing
what
is the exact name
in
the
deputation,or
appointed?
Of
how
many
what
members
circumstances
did
was
it
sist
deputation con-
?
the
spokesmen ?
How
long did sittingof Corporationor Council
conclude ?
last ? At what hour did proceedings
is the exact
What
designationof every officer
the
consulted
at
Clerk,
meeting, e.g., Town
Borough Surveyor, Borough Engineer, Borough
Who
were
Accountant, Medical
them
by
Officer of Health
their officialtitles in report.
?
Describe
26
HINTS.
GENERAL
EDUCATION
The
hints
COMMITTEE.
questions under the heading
"
Corporations,etc." apply generally,but this
has Sub -Committees
Committee
: usually,School
Sub- Committee, School
Attendance
tion
AccommodaSubSub-Committee, Elementary Education
SubCommittee, Higher and Technical Education
and
Committee, Finance
Sub-Committee, Works
General
Purposes Sub -Committee, Stores SubCommittee, etc.
In
report, distinguish carefully between
Secondary Schools, Elementary Schools, Higher
Elementary Schools, Technical Schools, Evening
Continuation
Classes, PolyClasses, Commercial
technics,
and
etc.
The
questionsunder
and
notes
should
etc."
"Corporations,
deal
of Guardians
Boards
GUARDIANS.
OF
BOARDS
with
the
referred
be
poor
infirm
and
sick
public,
agenda.
and
Phrases.
paupers,
house
ward
; master
and
officer ;
where
for
overseers
two
or
more
;
matron
relief for the
meetings
reported.
are
Get
porary
relief;tem-
;
of workhouse
;
; relief officers ; union
parishesor boroughs are
poor-lawpurposes,
the
house
infirmary; workstone-yard; going into the
lunatics
relief ; pauper
; casual
be
paupers,
relief; indoor
Outdoor
"
The
etc.
therefore
may
to.
the administration
of
relief,the maintenance
provisionof medicine, and medical
of
heading
and
one
Board
medical
(applied
united
of Guardians
28
GENERAL
the
omit
not
forms
part
What
How
of the
of the
How
?
proxy
Who
is the
in the
Company
him
accompany
they
Chairman
hold
many
representedby
they represent?
are
do
office does
What
?
he
the persons who
offices
platform? What
Who
?
the
on
How
present ?
shares
many
?
meeting
shareholders
many
that
Limited," where
title.]
is the purpose
How
do
"
final word
members
are
many
do they represent ?
shares
hold
HINTS.
are
in the
Company ?
How
votes
are
given by shareholders
many
present, and how many
by proxy, for and against
put to the meeting ?
any resolution or amendment
Procedure.
(or
in
his
"
Chairman
absence,
of
Board
of
Directors
Vice-Chairman
the
of
the
ing
Board) usuallypresides. Notice convening meetis read, or
agreed to be taken as read.
Minutes
of previous meeting, where
necessary,
read and put to the meeting for confirmation
are
rectification. At annual
or
meetings, the report
of
the
directors
usually taken
circulated
and
the
audited
read, having
as
the
among
accounts
been
shareholders
are
previously
;
and
the
their
adoption. Another
director seconds, and the report and accounts
are
cussion.
disthen before the meeting for questions and
chairman
proposes
If
seconded
it is
any
put
amendment
to the
meeting.
is
moved
and
If the amendment
if no amendment
is proposed,
or
rejected,
motion
is put to the meeting. The
the original
meeting then proceedsto fill up any vacancies in
of Directors,to appoint auditors,
and
the Board
is
GENERAL
to
transact
any
the notice
NOTE.
and
further
of any
names
supporters of
an
business
announced
report,accounts, or other
9
on
exact
or
read
of every
copy
Phrases.
ment
docu-
meeting. Get
of all proposers,
seconders,and
resolutions and amendments, and
presented to
also full
2
conveningthe meeting.
Get copy notice convening meeting,
"
copy
HINTS.
at the
ment.
amend-
and
resolution
Ordinary shareholder, preference
of
shareholder,deferred shareholder, holder
founders' shares,preferredordinaryshareholder ;
holders ;
debenture
first,second, third, etc.
registereddebentures ; interim dividend ; final
dividend ; share
to
annual
return
register
;
Registrarof Joint Stock Companies ; issue of
capitalunderwritten.
[Where an interim dividend has been declared
or
paid, or is resolved upon, notice carefully
"
-
,
whether
or
one
it is
"at
annum."
a
the
The
"of
dividend
of
rate
so
so
much
much
varies
practice
per cent.
per
very
much
cent,
on
"
per
this
point.]
MEETINGS
OF
CONFERENCES
The
SOCIETIES.
LEARNED
proceedingsat
AND
CONGRESSES.
these
gatheringsfollow
other publicmeetings,
mainlyon the lines of those of
adding a few specialfeatures of their own.
Ordinary meetings of learned societies usually
open with the readingof the minutes of a previous
of the
by the announcement
Felfewsor members
elected by a
V"
30
GENERAL
joimnittee
or
received
man
or
some
was
of nominations
for election where
is read
paper
Discussion
In
placein
that way,
that
have
the
meeting itself
Voting is usuallyby ballot,the chairthe scrutineers
announcing the results.
elects.
A
election takes
the announcement
by
been
where
HINTS.
or
follows.
cases,
the custom
is accorded
an
address
is
delivered.
The
opening speaker replies.
but less frequentlynowadays than
formerly,a formal vote of thanks
to
the
reader
be read
the
of the
paper.
Several
evening.
At Conferences
and
Congresses the procedure
is varied.
A presidential
address
is customary.
mittees
Papers are read and discussed ; reports of comare
presented and discussed ; resolutions
and amendments
to resolutions are proposed upon
them, and duly seconded, supported,and opposed ;
and
motions
on
are
special
brought forward
subjects.
tion,
of the society,federaNOTES.
Get exact name
of all the
other
or
body, or exact names
bodies
or
Congress. If
calling the Conference
the name
sectional meetings, mention
there are
of the section whoso
proceedingsyou are reporting.
to a
Whether
report is to extend
your
column
to be confined
to an inch, get
or
or
more,
a
sight, if possible,of every paper you are to
to get all technical
report. Take especialcare
note of just
terms
accurately. Take a shorthand
those
parts of the paper that you will require
ascertained
have
for your
report, unless you
papers
may
on
same
"
beforehand
paper
that
and
itself,
you
that
will
be
able
to
there will be
no
borrow
the
difficulty
GENERAL
HINTS.
31
obtaining it in time for the
tion
preparationof your report. Give correct designato
chairman, reader of paper, and
any
each of
whether
subsequent speaker: mention
of the Society.
these is a Fellow or Member
or
in
delay
your
Information
In what
did
When
or
the
was
year
it hold
be obtained.
to
societyfounded
?
Conference
its first Annual
Congress ?
its Annual
Has
held
previously
If so,
how
on
When
did
Is the
Conference
in the
many
or
city or
same
occasions
it last meet
attendance
Congress been
town
as
now
?
?
there ?
above
the average
below
or
of
previousgatherings?
Are any noteworthy persons
present ? Are any
from foreignlands, the Colonies,or other
of them
distant
parts ?
How
persons
many
mately)
(approxi-
present
are
?
?
they all members
?
represented
In what
proportionare
Are
is the
or
the
publiclargely
two
sexes
sented
repre-
?
As
regards every reader of a paper
prominent speaker.
Is he the author
on
the
and
what
book
other
or
books
subject?
Is any
work
Is he in any
in the
of any
or
of his
on
the
subjectwell
other respectknown
subject?
as
a
known
I
specialist
GENERAL
32
CONFERENCES
HINTS.
OF
TRADE
FRIENDLY
SOCIETIES,
SOCIETIES,
AND
SIMILAR
BODIES.
The
annual
gatheringsof these bodies,often
described
Annual
Movable
ferences/'
Conas
officially
consist
usually of
delegates," so
designated these being the duly appointed representatives
of local branches, district societies,
or
other societies or organisationsaffiliated to or
federated
the particularbody callingthe
with
"
"
"
Conference.
Many
friendlysocieties are made up of local
termed
lodges,"each lodge having an
groups
official name.
The
particular nomenclature
adopted by the societyshould be followed in the
"
report.
Information
Get
to le obtained.
of
agenda beforehand.
of president,vice-president,
Names
and
other leading officers.
copy
President's
Information
obtained
some
of
Number
or
to the
days beforehand.
lodges,branches,
of
number
Arrangements
NOTE.
"
The
district
the
be
societies,
bodies.
delegates.
for the week.
annual
beforehand,
straightforward
;
arrangements
financial
positionof
report, etc., generallyto
as
affiliated or federated
Total
few
address.
annual
order, the
a
report having
the
and
business
full
for the week
are
is
been
cured
se-
generally
particularsof the
generallyprinted.
GENERAL
HINTS.
33
The
ness,
reporterhas only to be careful as to correctand
to give his reports at the required
should be
name
length. Mention of a speaker's
followed by mention
of the district,
or branch, or
other body which
he represents, thus : Mr. H.
SMITH
(of the
(Birmingham) ; Mr. W. JONES
Amalgamated Societyof Stonehewers).
If voting takes place,ascertain what
the
are
votingpowers of the delegates whether theyvote
as individuals,
having one vote apiece,or whether
"
each
records
one
as
many
votes
as
there
are
bers
mem-
in the
or affiliated or
lodge,branch, district,
federated societywhich he represents; or whether
scheme
of voting is in force.
any proportionate
Where, as sometimes
happens,a vote is taken in
the first instance by a show of hands, and a subsequent
the same
vote is taken on
question by
card," or by representative
vote, indicate the
method
adoptedwhen statingthe figures.
' '
MISCELLANEOUS
PUBLIC
CHURCH
Secure
and
any
a
CHAPEL
AND
FUNCTIONS.
OPENING.
announcing the proceedings,
handbill
printedpapers
that may
be distributed.
Information to be obtained.
See
architect, or, failing him, architect's
managing clerk,or the builder, and get him to
and particulars
of the building,
give description
of its cost and style.
When
was
Give
names
the work
of
commenced
?
architect,builder,and
clerk of
the works.
Name
of church
or
chapel.
C
GENERAL
34
HINTS.
of denomination
Name
for which
it has
been
built.
Is there
an
organ
If so, ascertain
?
cost, and
builder's
descriptionof it how many
manuals, stops,pedals,etc.
of any
Particulars
gifts of altar furniture,
lectern,etc.
Has
entire cost of building,etc., been subname,
"
scribed ?
How
is in hand
the money
further
What
Get
obtained
the money
was
sum
of
names
?
much
How
of
?
is needed
any
donors
?
of
speciallylarge
sums.
Is it
To
a
partialor complete restoration
dedicated
saint is the church
what
?
?
Length and breadth of the church.
(ifany).
Subjectsof the stained windows
If so, to whom
windows
?
are
Any memorial
?
were
By whom
they presented?
they memorials
Names
oi the ministers
or
clergytaking part
in the service.
preached ?
Any interestingrelic
Who
foundations
How
Value
Who
Names
of the old church
persons
many
of the
is the
of
unearthed
is the
in
diggingthe
?
edifice to seat ?
living.
minister
or
incumbent
?
wardens,
trustees,buildingcommittee, church-
etc.
Names
What
Who
of any
local
magnates present.
led to the erection
givesthe
land
?
?
36
FOUNDATION
buildingand
STONE
accessories
LAYING.
Aisle ; chancel
:
;
choir ;
transept; nave
; vestry ; apse ; belfry; clerestory;
gargoyles; pulpit; reading desk ; lectern ; altar ;
table ;
communion
reredos
sacristy;
Lord's
; altar
FOUNDATION
table
rails
AND
tabernacle
;
;
baptistery
; font.
:
STONE
MEMORIAL
LAYING.
Most
the
of
hints
questions and
and Chapel Opening are
Church
In addition,note the following:
Information to
By what
opening ?
What
is the
time
is to
be obtained.
buildingto
be
If there
are
and
"What
Who
with
who
ascertain
brought
cost
Amount
in
put
new
the
town
or
event, describe
the
the
about
tion"
founda-
them
up.
erection scheme
?
historyof the matter.
intended to be defrayed?
received or promised
of subscriptions
initiated
How
decorations
any
the
to be laid?
stone
connection
villagein
of
the
"memorial"
or
for
ready
precise character
when
completed?
buildingor memorial
At what
angle of the buildingis the "
them,
be
here
given for
applicable,
it ?
Give
a
to date ?
and
Any
under
the
what
stone
Inscriptionon
trowel and
Name
Names
eminence
mallet
?
the
made
of the person
of
all
coins, etc., put
newspapers,
trowel, and
are
the
of ?
laying the
stone.
of
national
in the
ceremony.
persons
taking part
what
or
local
UNVEILING
How
much
Give
a
put
was
money
full
STATUE.
A
of
description
Ascertain
all you
publicwork
of the
can
the stone
on
the
and
life,career,
commemorated
person
?
ceremony.
to the
as
37
by
the
memorial.
Find
services
and
in what
out
ho rendered
years
; also
speciallycommemorated
the town
NOTE.
or
year
in which
Sometimes
"
he
a
the
the
year
died.
memorial
stone
is laid at
each
angle of the building. The principal
speech
is usually that of the person
laying the stone.
follows the cereSometimes
a
mony.
public luncheon
be fully or
The
speecheswill of course
brieflyreported,accordingto space at command.
UNVEILING
A
Information
of
names
Of what
a
to be obtained.
full
Get
If
descriptionof the monument,
designer,sculptor,founder, etc.
material is the statue composed ?
statue, where
bronze
Description of the site
history of the place.
Why was the site chosen
Total
How
What
Who
to
STATUE.
was
of
and
it cast ?
the
statue, and
?
cost ?
was
the money
led the
the
obtained
promoters
?
to erect
it ?
in the matter ?
prime mover
Who
?
performs the ceremony
Take
down
the address (if to be read, arrange
get a copy).
the statue commemorates
History of the person whom
was
?
38
UNVEILING
Inscriptionon
STATUE.
A
the statue
?
Descriptionof pedestal?
What
is the
of the
attitude
styleof drapery or dress
Why was the attitude
Does
it
Was
or
the
when
likeness
of any
copy
decided
so
he
as
taken
?
upon
appeared
in
his
?
younger
photograph,from life,or
Get
?
represent him
latest years,
what
figure,and
from
how
addresses
oil-painting,
an
?
be read
to
from
the
corporation,etc., beforehand.
If any
decorations,or street demonstrations,
describe
them.
Names
of
leading persons
present
at
the
?
ceremony
Describe
or
the
the arrangement of
dais around
staging,platform,
the statue, for the purposes
of the
ceremony.
Get
beforehand, of the
description,
contrivance for unveiling.
a
Height of
Are
If so,
there
by
the monument
photos
whom
Is the weather
?
be
to
mechanical
taken
of
the
statue?
?
propitious?
Terms, Phrases,
etc.
"
Likeness
; very
image
;
position
figure; strikingreproduction of features ; comtions
; metal
; drapery ; pedestal; representain relievo ; bust ; full length ; equestrian
statue ; covering; wrapper
; tarpaulin
; drapery.
the rope, held by a number
Laid his hand
upon
and
the canvas
of workmen,
covering dropped
down, and the statue stood revealed ; pulled a
the
string,and
"
39
loud
amid
covering fell
struck up
the band
and
BUILDINGS.
PUBLIC
OPENING
cheers,
Lang Syne."
Auld
get description
the designer,
from
of the statue, or monument,
the
sculptor,or caster, beforehand ; also, on
of the arrangements
previous day, particulars
NOTE.
for the
be
desirable
It is very
"
demonstration
obtained
for the
and
:
these
can
or
persons acting
person
local daily newspaper
The
full descriptionof the
a
promoters.
generallypublishes
information
its
erection,before
place.
the
OPENING
PUBLIC
the
to
as
for
reasons
takes
unveilingceremony
Information to
What
ceremony
the
from
statue, with
to
BUILDINGS.
be obtained.
buildingfor ?
architect,builder,and
is the
Names
of
clerk of the
works.
Get
descriptionof
as
particularly
decorative
from
the erection
to
style,and
the architect,
any
special
features.
Total cost ?
Was
the
accepted for the
tender
lowest
tract
con-
?
Number
When
Is
of tenders
the work
was
it still
expected to
Are
begun ?
If
incomplete?
when
so,
is it
be finished ?
there
the
any
positionof
surroundings or
situated
in ?
sent
that
and
what
the
to
circumstances
building in
the
call for
town
in
relation
which
specialmention
?
as
to
it
to
its
is
LAUNCHING
40
How
did
body
the
whose
on
erected
formerlyused or occupied?
site come
iuto possessionof the
been
behalf
the building has
the site
was
How
?
What
is used
stone
Who
?
finds the money
NOTE.
The
"
give all
?
architect and
the necessary
A
is the vessel's
what
What
VESSEL.
?
name
built of ?
Who
the
Who
the builder
?
Who
the
?
designer?
owners
will her
Who
generally
service ?
is she
What
will
to be obtained.
Information
What
builder
information.
LAUNCHING
For
VESSEL.
A
first voyage
be ?
is the
captain?
performs the christeningceremony
Who
Describe
Names
the ceremony
of the invited
has
?
guests ?
the vessel been
How
long
How
many
tons
How
many
horse
?
in construction
?
?
register
engines?
-power
knots per hour
many
Length and breadth ?
How
?
Total cost ?
If
man-of-war, what
a
thickness
of
etc. ?
guns
will
she
carry,
armour-plates,belt,casemates,
bettes,
bar-
OPENING
OF
RAILWAY.
A
41
Full
of dimensions, such
particulars
of hold, displacement,
etc.
What
is she classed as at Lloyds ?
is she to be rigged?
How
Number
of
Is she
does
How
a
on
cargo
constructed
already afloat
vessel
If
?
crew
will be her
What
the first voyage
the
on
lines of
?
other
some
?
she compare
passenger
depth
as
with
the first ironclad
vessel,size of saloon, and
?
full
of the fitting
modation,
accomparticulars
up for passenger
of berths,how
togetherwith number
she will be registered
for,etc. ?
passengers
many
is she expectedto be completed ?
When
What
sort
of weather
was
it at the time
?
ing
Dry dock ; slips;stand; launchinggear ; wooden
ways
; slidingways
walls ; ironclad ; steelclad ; battleship; leviathan
line ; ram
monster
; sea
; ship of the
;
cruiser ; wiredestroyer ; gunboat ; armoured
wound
; torpedo tubes.
guns ; quick-firers
Terms, Phrases, etc.
OPENING
Get
from
the
the
of the
Chairman
Are
for
RAILWAY.
the
to
of the
opening,and
hand-bill
copy
of
be obtained.
railway?
of the
directors,etc.
A
secretarya copy
announcing
prospectus.
Information
Name
are
OF
circular
or
"
company
and
names
of the
?
they provisionaldirectors (they generally
the first year) ?
OPENING
42
Name
OF
of the
Who
What
other
Names
engineer,and
lines has
How
the
positionof
has
subscribed
been
the
And
?
in the
market
Have
the
"
landowners
much
much
paid up
debentures
?
stand
in
the
expensive part of
land, the tunneling, or
the
to any
the
was
the
How
?
how
is the
?
subscribed
locality
What
What
company
do the shares, stock,or
How
work
raised ?
money
financial
?
total cost ?
price,and
was
his address !
he laid out ?
of the contractors
Contract
RAILWAY.
secretary?
the
was
A
and
gentlemen
extent
?
most
price of
the
bridges?
For
accommodation
the
line constructed
What
What
district is the
?
the
are
of what
principalstations
points
does
it connect?
?
Does
it
join
other lines ?
Length of the line ?
Is it a singleor double
Who
inspectedit,and
What
did
he
recommend
the work
?
Was
the
line ?
when
?
extra
before
opening delayed
passing
in
quence
conse-
?
Viaducts
each, of
the
"
how
what
are
localitywhich
What
Tunnels
rivers
"
or
their
many,
length
and
height
they constructed,and name
they are in ?
valleysdo they span ?
length? Is there a double
the stratification
was
through ? What
rock, involvingmuch
blasting,or otherwise
"
of
of
line
hard
?
ELECTRIC
44
Names
of
SYSTEM.
TRAMWAY
of the
leadingpersons present ? (A
those invited is generallyobtainable. )
Take
down
the speeches.
Any address, etc. presented?
list
Is
and
,
there
be
to
employes, and
Describe
treat
a
if so, where
the scenery
Is there
to be
navvies
the
to
?
route.
en
public luncheon ?
etc.
Any decorations,bell-ringing,
"Who arranged the decorations
?
Any triumphal arches ?
Is the
Do
weather
the
make
a
favourable
inhabitants
NOTE.
Answers
"
?
of
the
adjacent
partialholiday of it ?
general or
a
?
to
relatingto
the
obtained
from
of
most
the
construction
districts
above
of
tions,
ques-
the
line,
engineer before the
opening day. The engineer, contractors, and
them,
will, between
secretary of tlie company
may
be
all information
afford
to the
;
get
it
tageous
advan-
is very
a
cutting of
the
first sod.
INAUGURATION
OF
Information
Length
What
a
ELECTRIC
to be obtained.
of line.
towns,
it
AN
SYSTEM.
TRAMWAY
Is
but
of the prospectus. The
copy
questionswill also apply, to a great extent,
to
above
the
etc.
districts,
municipal
line ?
does
,
Or
it link up
what
?
company
it ?
owns
Was
it built
contractors
?
by
contract
?
If so, who
were
the
LIGHTING
ELECTRIC
what
On
system is it worked
conduit, surface-contact
How
are
Does
the
or
begin and
?
cease
the fares ?
What
scenery
trolley,
?
run
will service
hours
overhead
"
?
to
are
cars
many
what
At
45
did it cost ?
much
How
INSTALLATION.
track
famous
any
pass
through
run
picturesque
any
spots ?
throughout ? Is any part a
?
singleline with loopsor passing-places
and frequent?
Are stopping-places
numerous
Is it
"What
there
the
manufactured
company
is the cost per
what
From
Are
line
double
a
?
cars
What
?
car
is the
source
running
supplied?
electricity
powers
over
any
other
tem
sys-
?
Describe the
opening ceremony.
the line open
declared
Who
chief persons
Name
present at
take
did ceremony
Where
Was
decorated
a
for
run
car
publicuse
?
?
ceremony
place ?
?
Get
of
particulars
decorations.
Was
the
occasion
?
Was
there
Give
town
borough
luncheon
a
of
names
or
en
f"te
to follow the
speakers and
report
the
Information
Name
of
What
to be
obtained.
engineeror contractor, etc.
Cost.
Number
INSTALLATION.
LIGHTING
of
lights.
system ?
the
ceremony
speeches.
ELECTRIC
for
?
chief
46
ROYAL
Size of
VISITS.
be
premises to
illuminated,or lengthof
street,etc.
How
are
the
How
are
the wires
In street
Of what
How
lamps
fixed
poles?
on
"
carried ?
lighting how far are the lightsapart ?
candle-poweris each lamp ?
"
many
stations
are
there, and
where
are
they?
lightsis it possibleto supply with
present appliances?
Comparison of tho cost with gas.
Give figures.
Is the electricity
generated by dynamo machines
How
many
?
How
many
of such
By
whose
make
driven
machines
engines
are
are
used
?
the
machines
?
they combined
engines or turbines,and of
how many
horse-power?
List of the principal
buildingsso illuminated,
and the number
of lightsin each ?
Are
ROYAL
VISITS.
Information
Get
historyof
a
and
occasion
Get
arrangements
When
was
visited.
State
the
of the visit;
of the
ceremony
and
copy
List of
previousroyal visit,and
the
the occasion
Full
town
of
beforehand.
addresses
was
purpose
the
to be obtained.
what
?
committees, secretary, etc.
particularsof
arches,etc.
decorations, triumphal
VISITS.
OVAL
47
royalparty arrive ?
charge of the train ? Is
"
Who
in
it
a
special
train ?
of those
composing the royalparty, and
whose guests will they be ?
Arrangements at the railwaystation.
Civic reception.
Names
Particulars
the
of
Addresses
at
what
route.
did
the
royal train start,and
did it arrive ?
time
Any
en
ments.
arrange-
?
hour
what
Council's
railwaystation,or
Popular welcome
At
Town
etc.
fired,bell-ringing,
cannons
?
decorations.
Street
Bands.
of honour.
Guard
Troops lining the streets.
regiments represented.
Ascertain
what
Police arrangements.
Excursions.
State
of the weather.
When
and
Names
how
will the
of the most
royal party
notable
persons
of
beforehand
particulars
the ceremony,
etc.
procession,
Get
NOTE.
"
be obtained
Other
A
of
description
from
information
the
person
will be
the
who
return
?
present.
the order
of the
decorations
may
designedthem.
given by the Town
Clerk, aud the persons taking the lead in getting
arid arranging the ceremonies.
up the demonstrations
Form
estimate
an
approximatelyof how
of spectators
line the streets.
thousands
many
48
DEATHS
DEATHS
AND
AND
FUNERALS.
FUNERALS
OF
PUBLIC
MEN.
Information
Full
to be obtained.
of
deceased,and age.
Date and place of death, and cause
of death.
Number
of mourning coaches.
What
sort of coffin and
trimmings, and was
there
name
shell ?
a
Ditto, breast- plate.
List of the
in each
mourners
coach.
Bearers.
Clergyman.
List of complimentary carriages.
Order
"Was
of
procession.
the interment
in
burying-ground ?
If in a vault, how
And
whose
Who
bodies
do
officiated in
a
many
family vault
coffins
or
family
alreadyin
they contain ?
the church, and
it ?
at the graveside
?
In
what
part
of the
cemetery
the
was
ment
inter-
?
Who
sent
the wreaths
?
of undertaker.
Name
of
particulars
Get
the
musical
part of
the
service,
What
was
the anthem
?
body cremated, where ?
Describe
anything specialas
ashes
if family willing to
If
"
known.
Get
historyof
deceased.
In whose
to
make
urn
presence
?
containing
information
FUNERALS.
AND
DEATHS
49
public funeral, get the list of public
of the most
and
names
bodies,etc.,represented,
influential persons in the procession.
in
If a military funeral, find out who
was
of the firing
party, and what
command, number
the band played.
If
a
deceased
Had
NOTE.
been
Reports
"
of
an
or what
oificer,
funerals
vary
?
much
they are dismissed
length. Sometimes
paragraph,and at other times a column
is set apart for a descriptiveaccount.
latter
it is
case
to
necessary
obtain
with
or
be
able,
between
them,
to
furnish
a
two
In
the
all
the
possible,and for this purpose
solicitor,
doctor, and clergyman, and one or
of the deceased's local acquaintances,
are
sure
information
to
as
the
two
to
information
concerning his life,what public offices he filled,
he amassed
how
a
fortune, what family he has
he is related to any
other
local
left,whether
he
took
local movements
a
families, in what
prominent part, his politics,etc.
Interesting
often obtainable
of the deceased are
particulars
If he is a
.from a local history or guide book.
in a national point
of title or a publicman,
man
of view, a brief biographyis sure
in
to be found
Who's
the Peerage or BaronetageLists,
Who,"
of the Time," which
should
be found
Men
at
or
the town
library,if not at the local newspaper
"
"
office.
Reference
also
to
the
file of the
newspaper
supply some
previous history of the
The
deceased.
reporter can get all information
concerning the arrangements, list of mourners,
order of procession,
etc.,from the undertaker im-
may
50
SOCIAL
FUNCTIONS.
mediately after the funeral ; so that he need not
be
constantly using his note-book
during the
is very unseemly, and appears
which
ceremony,
the family go
unnecessarily officious. Where
from
home
whither
after the
they
are
necessary
in
attend
the
at
now
that
"the
body
to
for
occasion
no
end
of his
state
"
for cremation
it will be
the
reporter to
In most
ever,
cases, how-
for him
to
report to
taken
then
was
that
common
Crematorium.
at the
statement
so
instances
some
there will be
a
it is usual
going.
are
CREMATIONS
funeral
to
do
the
so
"
effect
torium
Crema-
the
being generallyample.
FUNCTIONS.
SOCIAL
DINNERS.
Prior
to
dinner
the
and
programme,
last
obtain
prospectus, current
report, and
other
any
able
avail-
printed matter, as to the nature, objects,
methods, and work of the society or institution
giving the dinner, so as to be in a positionto
information
these
on
embody any
necessary
pointsin report.
to be obtained.
Information
and
Name
title of
chairman,
(ifany).
they old members,
society?
and
of
vice-
chairman
Are
of the
Names
local
patrons,
of all influential persons
or
or
supporters
persons
of
importance present.
List of all persons
present, if so instructed.
(Local papers often set out this information.)
5
WEDDINGS.
2
What
Get
the estates
are
historyof
Names
of the
the
family and estates.
presentation committee.
And
decorations.
Any
called ?
if
who
so,
supplied
them?
the order of the
Describe
those
who
make
the
their
summarize
Whose
band
Where
was
names
proceedings,
presentations,set out
Any
treat
What
or
addresses,etc.
present
the
son
to the
?
educated
he
regiment does
What
of
?
belong
to ?
tenantry.
is the rent-roll ?
Any bell-ringing,
cannon-firing,illuminations,
etc.?
Any holiday-makingin the adjacenttown
etc ?
Any school-treats,
NOTE.
"
It is usual
to
see
the
?
agent (or failing
father),and get from him any necessary
to some
information
to the family,and answers
as
of foregoing
questions. The familypedigree,etc.
him
the
often
can
be
obtained
from
cutting.
history,or newspaper
and influential of the
intelligent
information
not
do
as
to
the
book
some
One
rent-roll if the
of local
of the
tenants
,
will
most
give
agent will
so.
WEDDINGS.
Information
Names
in full of bride
parents, and
Names
to
of
their dresses.
be obtained.
and
bridegroom, their
their residences.
the
bridesmaids
and
of
description
WEDDINGS.
Name
of "best
man."
Is he related to
Names
bridegroom?
of the remainder
Is it the eldest
either
both
or
When
53
of the bridal party.
the
daughter,or
eldest son,
on
sides ?
did the
bridegroom
arrive ?
Who
Any decorations?
put up the arches
the tenantry, employes,or neighbours ?
Any public dinner, distribution to the poor,
roastingof a fat ox, etc. ?
makes
What
the wedding so popular?
Any presentationby the tenantry ?
"
Was
the church
full ?
Was
the church
decorated
Names
of any
and
and
forward
distinguished
persons
of those who
church
of the
takes
favours
gregation,
con-
afterwards
?
worn
or
chapelwhere
the
mony
cere-
place.
in which
Order
in the
"stepped
congratulations."
offered their
Any wedding
Name
?
the bridal
party arrived
carriages.
at the
of
church, and number
Keep a copy of the menu.
Any congratulatorytelegrams?
Who
led the bride
What
Did
to the
did the bride
she
wear
any
wear
altar ?
?
jewels,the giftof
the bridegroom
?
Of what
Who
was
were
the
the
bouquet composed
bridesmaids,and how
?
they
were
dressed ?
What
bride and
relation
were
bridegroom?
the
bridesmaids
to
the
WEDDINGS.
54
Who
the
clergymen ? and were
officiating
related to the bride or bridegroom ?
were
of them
any
"Who
gave
Who
signed the Registeras
of procession
from the
Order
the
weather
the bride
away
who
witnesses
?
State
of
the church
?
church
?
?
Any public demonstration
fired,bells
Any cannons
Where
the wedding
was
and
?
present
were
outside
rung,
bands
breakfast
or
out, etc. ?
reception,
?
Who
suppliedthe cake, and what designwas it ?
Who
proposed the health of the bride and
bridegroom at the breakfast or reception?
Where
the married
are
couple to spend the
honeymoon, and by what train did they leave ?
Did
the bridal party on
anybody accompany
their tour
?
the
Describe
bride's
travellingdress.
do they intend to reside,and when
Where
are
they expected to return ?
List of wedding presents,giving the names
of
the donors, and describingthe most
important
gifts.
2Jerms,
etc.
"
rite ;
;
Wedding;
ordinance
"confection"
beautiful
;
nuptials;
;
the
toilettes ;
mony
cere-
dress
travelling costumes
;
;
; fiancee.
betrothed
Mendelssohn's
March";
"Wedding
"March
Guilmant's
Triumphale" ; The "Bridal
March," from Lohengrin ; a voluntary,or offertoire,is generallyplayed as the bridal procession
Voice
that
proceeds up the aisle,and, "The
is frequently
breathed o'er Eden
sung.
Music:
"
"
WEDDINGS.
demonstration
Public
55
:
"
Pomp
flourish, of
;
trumpets ; feu de joie ; pageant ; fete ; red-letter
day ; triumphal arch ; old slipper; inevitable
rice ; coloured
confetti ; shower-bouquet; bonfire ;
salute ; salvo of artillery
celebrate ; to
to
;
to ; held high holiday;
signalize
; to do honour
made
quite a festive day in the locality
; a day
which
will long be remembered
joyous
; the
event
bridegroom ; the bridal party ;
; bride and
and Mrs.
the newly-married couple ; Mr.
;
etc.
the happy pair; contractingparties,
particularshave been obtained
beforehand, the reporter has generallyto gather
best he can
them
as
during the proceedings.
After the wedding breakfast or receptionis over,
left for the railway
and
the bridal party have
generally be
station, the facts required can
of the bride's parents.
obtained
at the house
The
clergyman and other friends of the family
interviewed " with advantage ; but
also be
can
NOTE.
If
"
no
' '
a
reporter should
part
of
care
never
Pry," peeringinto
"Paul
a
take
to
enact
company
the
and
If a
places where his presence is not wanted.
wedding takes place,and the family has intimated
in church,
that, except as to the ceremony
a wish
be treated as strictly
the affair should
private,
the reporterwill,of course,
scrupulouslyrespect
wishes.
their
both
been
of
the
rare
may
duty
costlyand
breakfast
taste
and
be
may
and
may
have
; the decorations
numerous
table
skill ;
presents
many
by the gentleman
proposing the health
be said
of
bride's
The
arranged with
pretty things
entrusted
of
the
with
bride
the
and
56
BALLS.
bridegroom ;
has nothing
but with
these
the
matters
reporter
present, he will
family desire that
be made
not
public. If he is
regard himself as a guest, and
not
entitled
the
facts
as
a
do where
to
shall
person
circumstance
the
of the
himself
to avail
of inquisitive
gratifythe curiosity
of a
No person worthy to be a member
readers.
public any
professionwill make
self-respecting
pieceof information imparted to him confidentially
or
to
fact
any
character
of
of
he
which
becomes
in
aware
the
privateguest.
a
BALLS.
Information
Name
of the
of the music.
List of stewards
leader
band,
(generallyprintedon
and
of
names
the programme).
conductor
and
?
is the ball called
What
Ball, or what
the
Get
descriptionof
opened.
ball is
of those
names
flowers
Any
members
a
Hunt
Ball, Masonic
the
other
or
present.
decorations
before
the
sent
by
decorations
?
Any
gas
How
was
Is it
"
?
Get
At
the
name.
proprietor's
programme
Whose
be obtained.
hotel,hall,or buildingwhere
ball is held, and
Get
to
an
what
or
electrical devices ?
the ball-room
annual
hours
illuminated
?
ball ?
did
dancing begin and
end
?
BALLS.
the
See
What
a
Describe
if
full-dress ball,was
?
worn
fancy dress ball,get
characters impersonated.
or
It is
to
"Who
If
it.
describe
give the menu.
led off the dancing ?
styleof costume, if a
unusual
most
and
room
supper
57
few
a
of the
list of the persons
strikingcostumes,
most
them.
report is short, mention
Which
the
was
popular
most
or
dance
of
the
evening ?
famous
specially
performed.
Mention
music
any
populardance
or
decorations, especially
where
a descriptive
report is required. At a Hunt
Ball there may
be, in addition to the floral
decorations, foxes' masks, specimens of Master
other
Reynard, antlers, brushes, pads, and
the room.
trophies of the chase hung round
Portraits, trophies of flags, conifers, exotic
shrubs, and
green-house plants, ibex' heads,
steel sets, elks' heads ; hunting horns, hunting
the decorations.
whips, crops, etc., maybe among
of those present, and
the
To
get the names
the
the
only to see
costumes,
reporter has
At a fancy
cards as they are given in.
admission
NOTE.
dress ball the
on
the
Notice
"
and
costumes
the admission
characters
cards, as well
as
the
are
name
written
of the
adopted, it is
make
to
an
arrangement with the
necessary
ticket collector at the door, to ask each guest his
or her name,
and, if a fancy dress ball,the style
wearer.
of
the
If
no
plan
costume
and
o!
this
the
name
sort
is
of
the
character
58
3AZAAXS.
of
report, especially
fancy dress
be
ball, may
padded out" to any length by
dwellingon the characters represented. Thus :
Classical history and
mythology contributed
lent
readily recognisable figures; the drama
Hamlet, Ophelia, Shylock, and Mephistopheles;
modern
supplied a picturesqueCarmen, a
opera
rugged Wotan, an impressiveLohengrin,a striking
etc.,etc. If a full dress ball, mention
Siegfried,"
to be the favourite,
seemed
what
styleof costume
who was
regardedas the belle of the ballroom,etc.
The
assumed.
a
"
"
"
BAZAARS.
printed circular.
Obtain
Information
is the
What
in hand
in
bazaar
aid
How
of?
project,and
for the
is needed
money
to be obtained.
how
much
much
?
chapel fund, give the leading
and Chapel Opening.)
particulars. (See Church
of buildingbegun ?
Is the work
If for church
Who
For
opens
how
Take
or
the bazaar
days
many
down
the
Programme of
etc.
recitations,
Who
?
is the bazaar
opened ?
opening speech.
vocal
or
instrumental
will assist in the half-hour
music,
concerts, etc. ?
Decorations.
Name
of the
building in
which
held.
Names
Was
of
organizers.
there a largeattendance
?
the
bazaar
is
60
ANNIVERSARIES.
CLUB
Particulars
of
emblematical
flags,
banners, etc.,
carried.
Names
of officers in
Whose
band
regalia.
?
Route
of
Name
of the
procession.
the anniversarytakes
where
inn
place.
sports?
Any
presided,and supported
the chair ? (Local papers
usuallygive the names
of all present at the dinner.)
the
At
Toast
dinner
who
"
list.
Speeches.
Terms.
"
Ancient
chief
Order
ranger
beadle
Robin
In
Hood
Forestry:
of Foresters
; sub
chief
; outdoor
beadles.
(green) and
arrows,
and
; district ;
ranger
:
high
court
;
door
; in-
woodwards
In
beadle.
(chief ranger);
processions:
Friar
"
Tuck
;
Will
Allan-y-dale; Gurth, the
Marian
the jester; Maid
;
sashes
wearing emblematical
bows
and
; carrying axes,
Scarlett ; Little John
swineherd
; Wamba,
and
(not club) ;
Court
"
All
stars
;
clubs.
other
most
Shepherds, and
tary
Friendly Societies : Lodge ; order ; unity ; secredeputy;
; treasurer
; worshipful master
worshipfulmaster ; provincial
grand master, etc.
pensation
Shepherd's regalia: crooks, banners, dislive sheep and goat.
scarves,
Oddfellows
and
"
"
General
Synonyms,
court, brotherhood
;
; institution ;
Club,
society, lodge ;
ternity
body of men
; unity, fraassociation of working men.
"
6
CONVERSAZIONE.
NOTE.
It
"
is
porter to attend
information
may
1
generallysufficient for the re
at the dinner,where all necessary
be gained.
CONVERSAZIONE.
Information to
Objectof the
Name
le obtained.
conversazione.
of the
president.
Who
presidedat the tables ?
of the leadingpersons present.
Names
Programme of the musical portion,and names
of performers.
Describe
decorations
and
principal objects
exhibited.
Which
exhibits
the
rarest, and
which
popular? Who exhibited
suppliedthe decorations and the
these ?
were
the most
were
Who
ments
refresh-
?
there
Was
When
did
lent
Who
Amount
good attendance ?
the proceedings
close ?
the musical instruments,etc.
a
?
realised.
GARDEN
PARTIES.
agreeablefunctions are nowadays often
of a publicor quasi-public
tions
character,and invitaextended
to the press.
are
Frequentlythe
of bringing together local
as
means
partiesserve
side in politics,
and
supporters of one
speeches
These
form
be
part
of the
reported.
programme,
and
will of
course
62
GATHERINGS.
MASONIC
to be obtained.
Information
Name
In
of host and
connection
of his residence.
with
society,if
what
any,
was
garden party arranged ? If for any special
a
(e.g., to introduce
Parliamentary
purpose
candidate
to his prospectiveconstituents)mention
the
the fact,
principal
guests.
''received"
they were
by
Names
If
of
well-known
What
band,
What
games,
if any,
is
etc.,
provided?
are
the
on
lawn
Who
?
Are
they
guests ?
refreshments
the
are
or
present ?
extensivelypatronisedby
Where
prominent
the latter.
name
personages,
any
served ?
the
preside at
In
quee
mar-
refreshment
tables ?
What
the
specialpart
speechmaking ?
Was
of the
the attendance
Phrases,
Trim
etc.
"
lawns
gravelledpaths ;
;
vistas
; feast
of
from
obtainable
of
the
the
Who
does
he
animated
scene
;
of colour.
ceremonies
are
secretary.
be obtained.
worshipful master
officer elected),and
Whom
;
installation
Information to
Name
;
GATHERINGS.
MASONIC
Particulars
beds
charming flowerings
picturesque surround-
greenery
brilliant costumes
to
large?
;
of
garden .is allotted
(or higher
his residence.
succeed
performedthe
in the
ceremony
office ?
of installation ?
MASONIC
"Was there
Names
List
as
of brethren
?
of officers present.
of those
selected
the
by
"
W.
elect"
M.
his officers for the year.
Name
of the
lodge.
"
' '
Masons, or what ?
lodge of Mark
Is there a banquet 1 and if so, are the speeches
tiled" '?
be reported,or is the room
to be
Where
is the banquet held ?
Who
presides?
of chief persons
Names
present, and total
Is it
to
largeattendance
a
63
GATHERINGS.
a
"
number
the
of
NOTES.
As
"
guests.
the
ball
head
of
asked
be
questions to
under
balls, the
Masonic
to
' '
ditional
only adthose given
to
"
Balls
are
What
"
is the
profitsto be
official numbers, of
devoted to ? Give names,
or
lodge do the
lodges represented. To what
brethren who took the initiative belong ?
got
be taken
Care must
in the
persons
report the
named.
such
Past
What
for?
up
as
the
and
ascertain
exact
These
titles
Grand
to
are
are
masonic
Master, Provincial
and
Master,
Grand
Master,
Warden,
Warden, Past Grand
Treasurer, Past
Treasurer, Past Grand
Officer,etc. A meeting is a Lodge, or a
Lodge. The reporter will hear also of
the
Masonry, the Royal Arch, and
Masonic
masonic
Benevolent
and
Widows
institutions
Institution
of
clude
in-
Grand
Grand
Degree.
Important
duce
repro-
titles of all
numerous,
Worshipful
to
are
for
Freemasons
Grand
Grand
Grand
Craft
Mark
the
Royal
Aged
masons
Free-
:
;
Royal
64
LEGAL
PROCEEDINGS.
Masonic
Institution
for
Masonic
Institution
for
Terms,
of
the
The
etc.
"
craft ;
election
Boys (at Bushey) ; Royal
Girls (at Battersea).
craft ; the
brethren
of
order ; initiates
craft ;
the
seeking
the
for
purple (said of candidates
office)
lodge (or new
chapter) on
; chapter; new
the rolls ; masonry
;
; freemasonry ; the fraternity
regalia; ritual.
to
LEGAL
PROCEEDINGS.
the
proceedingsin
Reports of
Law
Courts
space
in
take
the
up
a
considerable
columns
news
Criminal
our
of
most
and
of
amount
daily
and
weekly journals. One of the first duties which
the junior reporter is required to discharge is
attendance
of Petty Sessions.
at the local Court
in the
If, as is the case
Metropolitan Police
Districts,and the principalprovincialtowns, the
Court
is presided over
by a Stipendiary Magistrate,
he will soon
acquire a pretty good idea of
criminal
the mode
in which
justiceshould be
the
In Courts
where
summarily administered,
have
law is administered
J.P.'s, who
by amateur
had no legaltraining,the "clerk"
is
themselves
of whose
legal
now
usually a professional
man,
knowledge the justicesavail themselves
; and
the sad travesties of "justice,"so called,formerly
too
often
tempted
witnessed
the
"
which
travesties
reporter
to
insert
in
sometimes
his
report
opinionsas to the vagariesof local
and
"Shallows
are
fortunately
Dogberries
The
rare.
reporter should, however, remember
in all instances that it is not his duty to criticise
unfavourable
"
"
"
"
65
PROCEEDINGS.
LEGAL
judgment on the
is to give a fair report of
the cases
before the Court, following
that conie
his instructions
the rule adopted by the conductors
or
of
of his journal as
to length, mode
in
HG
should
writing out,
treatment, etc.
which
he may
do on ordinary occasions while the
the
proceedings,or
justices; his mission
business
is in
to
progress,
sit in
head
each
case
with
an
appropriatetitle,taking care that it is one which
the evidence
will justify; because, though fair
heard in courts
of law are
leged,
privireports of cases
the
headings are not, and may be made
ground of actions for libel. If in any Police
proceedingsa prisoner is
Court
trial at Sessions
or
Assizes,it
committed
is neither
safe
for
nor
implies
give the case a heading which
that the prisoneris guilty. The magistrates,by
committing a prisoner,do not say that he or she
is guilty; all that they affirm is that, in their
opinion,there is a prima facie case to go before a
jury. Any expression,either in the heading or
in any
summarised
comments
or
portion of the
is calculated
to convey
that, in
report, which
the opinion of the writer,the accused
is
person
guilty of the offence with which he is charged,
be
should
The
carefully avoided.
judicious
nection
employment of the word "alleged" in this conis desirable,
though the excessive use of
that
is to
be
word
deprecated. Where, for
instance,it is clear that a burglary has taken
place, there is no need to prefixthe adjective
of the fact ; but any
"alleged" to the mention
the
charged with having committed
persons
just
to
66
LEGAL
PROCEEDINGS.
"
' '
burglaryare
allegedburglars
been actuallyfound
guilty.
Where
the
sits
court
Court
a
as
until
of
Jurisdiction,the magistrates "try"
before
them, and either discharge
accused,
him
sentence
fine
impose
imprisonment
a
him
terms
on
over
if
judgment
to
the
the
of
a
payment),
come
cases
person
ment,
imprison-
without
or
have
Summary
of
term
a
(with
default
in
of
term
bind
or
for
thereafter
up
required.
the
Whether
to
they
report
is
long
a
should
or
short
a
one,
fairlystated,
care
being taken to avoid confusion or ambiguity
consequent upon the too free use of the personal
before
Cases
terial
magisfrequently come
pronoun.
with which
courts in connection
a good deal
is given that, to use
of evidence
a
newspaper
unfit for publication."
totally
common-place, is
Some
reportersgive such evidence at considerable
of omission with
length,leavingthe responsibility
if the
This
is unwise, because
the sub -editor.
sub-editor is busy that part of the report may
until it gets into proof ;
escape his notice,at least
sufficient
besides, the reporter ought to have
judgment to guide him in such cases.
ested
and again be solicited by interHe
will now
partiesto omit or modify reports of certain
the
case
on
sides
both
be
"
cases,
for there
are
still persons
of the
representatives
Press
such
requests he will, of
and
should
anyone
''consideration"
if he
be bribed.
can
turn
course,
insult
him
will do
"willrejectthe offer in such
a
believe
who
by
a
the
certain
way
as
that
To
deaf
all
ear
offer of
;
a
things,he
to show
that
68
mCH
COURT
HIGH
The
COURT
:
The
of the Rolls
judges
bench
OF
APPEAL
The
Lord
Court
the
always sits
who
sit to
has
JUDICATURE
OF
COURT
JUSTICE.
OF
TRIALS.
COURT
sits in
Lords
COURT
SUPREME
sections
TRIALS.
of
and
the HIGH
Chancellor
Appeal
two
times
some-
; the
in that Court.
Master
other
The
hear
appeals are designated
Three
Justices.
judges usuallysit on the
in the Appeal Court.
An
appealheard in
that Court
should
the Master
of the Rolls
be
described
and
heard
as
Justices
Lords
' '
before
Smith
and
Lords
Justices A., B.,
Wilson," or "before
and C.," as the case
will be
be.
The names
may
found
the Daily Cause
on
List, exhibited in the
corridor
and
also inside
the Court.
If in doubt
the
identityof each, stylethem in notes,
when reportingtheir individual utterances, as A.,
At the first opportunity ascertain
B., and C.
which
is which.
In reporting
an
Appeal, always
the name
decision is
state
of the judge whose
on
appealed against. The information
appears
the Daily Cause List.
as
to
The
HIGH
COURT
OF
JUSTICE
has
three
sit separately,the
Chancery
divisions,which
Division, and the
Division, the King's Bench
Probate, Divorce, and Admiralty Division.
The Lord Chief Justice usuallysits in the High
Court, and is properlydesignatedby his title and
other judges are referred
The
not
by his name.
each of them taking the prefix, Mr.
to by name,
* '
Justice"
"
e.g.,
Court
"Mr.
Justice
usually
Pickford."
consists
of
two
A
visional
Di-
judges.
69
TRIALS.
COURT
HIGH
trial is
Court
presidedover by
The chief judge of the Probate,
one
judge alone.
Divorce, and Admiralty Division is designatedthe
Otherwise
"
"
President
the
In
with
High
a
of that Division.
Cases
affidavit evidence.
"
Short
; in
witnesses
without
or
DIVISION, actions
CHANCERY
Causes"
;
others
are
the former
"
on
"in
after
of
as
Further
been
inquirieshave
Chambers," the result
Consideration,"
on
case
brought on
also
heard
are
tried
are
ducted
con-
the
quiries
in-
Certificate."
being set forth in a "Master's
There
are, in addition, hearingsof applications
made
by OriginatingSummons, a modern
ditious
expemethod
of determiningquestionsof various
kinds, and by Petition, a method
applicablein
And
the hearings in Court
certain
instances.
and Adjourned Summonses,
both
include Motions
of them
interlocutory
applications.Care must be
of the hearing accutaken to describe the nature
rately.
Considerable
exhibited
in this
carelessness
"trials."
were
always
Cause
The
proper
from
ascertained
be
and
respect,motions
being
applications
is sometimes
other interlocutory
described
as
if
they
designation may
the printed Daily
List.
In
the
KING'S
trials take
DIVISION
BENCH
place (1) before a Judge without
before a Judge and a SpecialJury
Judge and a Common
Jury. The
jurorsare not reported.
a
"
Where
case, the
a
full report is desired
reporter should
hearing, and
should
be
borrow
in
;
jury ; (2)
(3) before a
of
any
Court
from
of the
names
the
specific
before the
plaintiff's
7O
HIGH
solicitor
which
is set
COURT
his clerk
or
the nature
TRIALS.
a
copy
of the
of the claim
forth,and should
and
ascertain
pleadingsin
of the
the
defence
of all
names
the counsel
engaged for the parties. K.C.'s (who
should
always be so designated)occupy the first
of seats
row
facing the judge, junior counsel
in the seats immediately behind.
sitting
When
witness
he
is first
a
gives evidence
examined
by counsel for the party whose case
"
"
he
is there
to
in
Where
this is termed
He
counsel
he
who
counsel
:
chief."
by
Afterwards
support
for
first examined
is
amination
"ex-
amined"
"cross-ex-
next
the
opposing party.
"re-examined"
by the
be
may
there
is
his
him.
Judge decides
the jury questions of
questions of law, and
of the evidence, and
fact.
At
the conclusion
after
counsel
have
the
addressed
Court, the
Judge "sums
up," and directs the jury as to the
dressing
adquestions they are to determine, sometimes
to them
a
questions,
stringof numbered
all of which,
down
their
carefullyby
very
decision
with
a
is termed
jury,
the
numbers, should
the
The
reporter.
their "verdict
"
be taken
; and
jury's
after it is
judge either gives or reserves
bodiment
judgment. The judgment may be merely an emof the verdict of the jury, or it may
be
on
a decision turning entirely
a questionof law.
announced,
Sometimes
giving of
the
a
discussion
the verdict
to
when
costs
follows the
judgment is pronounced
be an
there may
applicationto "stay
time
execution
to postpone for a specified
(i.e.,
the right of the successful party to enforce his
"
; and
as
COURT
HIGH
71
TRIALS.
judgment by seizingand sellingthe goods of the
unsuccessful
party) pending an appeal. Where
such
an
applicationis made, the report should
it is granted (and if on terms, what
state whether
the terms
are) or refused.
Some
Legal
Terms
and
Phrases.
and
plaintiff
Designationsof parties: (usually)
third party. (Where
defendant
; (occasionally)
by petition)petitioner,
proceedings commenced
respondent,(and in Divorce Court) co-respondent,
tions)
party intervening. (In cases of ex parte applicaapplicant.
commenced
are
by writ,
High Court proceedings
damus.
originatingsummons,
petition,citation, man"
of Claim, Defence
Pleadingsconsist of Statement
delivered
and
Reply (written documents
the trial).
before
to the Court is described as "an
application
when
it is made
ex
by one
parte application,"
Ex
party without previousnotice to the other.
are
usuallyone or other of the
parte applications
for injunction,for appointment
following: Motion
of receiver,etc. (in urgent cases); applications
An
for Rule
A Rule
taken
on
a
those
after
it
' '
In
Nisi
Nisi
an
order
the
party
is
unless
(e.g.,for
issue of
mandamus).
that certain steps shall be
ordered
to
take
them
can
subsequent hearing satisfythe Court that
If the Court,
steps should not be taken.
hearing both parties,confirms the Rule Nisi
makes
the rule absolute.
divorce
proceedingsa
"
successful
petitioner
72
QUARTER
obtains
becomes
unless
the
"
a
Decree
"
in
Nisi/' which
Decree
a
the
AFFIDAVIT
later,
taken by
to set it aside.
is
written
a
by
to
and
six months
proceedingsare
the person
INTERROGATORIES
sworn
is confirmed
"
Absolute
meantime
King'sProctor
An
SESSIONS.
statement
making
it.
written
are
of facts
questions
dressed
ad-
party (with the sanction of the
Court) to the other party, with the object of
information
eliciting
generally as to statements
in the
made
ROGATORIES
INTERTO
pleadings. ANSWERS
by
one
are
written
and
sworn
to.
in
other
Proceedings originally commenced
tried in the High Court are removed
and
Courts
Court
of Certiorari,"a term
to that
by "Writ
which
the reporterwill hear
Information
county
business
the
in such
cases.
SESSIONS.
QUARTER
In
used
:
to
be
obtained.
"
deputy chairman,
other
and
magistrates present, arranging them
according to their positionand importance.
Is it in the shire hall, town
hall,or what ?
Get
name
of
chairman,
agenda.
Get copiesof all the printed reports.
reporter to manifold
Arrange with another
togetherthe un printed reports.
the
of prisonersfor trial on
Give the number
be got from
the chief conThis
stable,
can
morrow.
of the gaol.
the governor
or
Get
In criminal
Get
chairman
Get
:
"
the
from
calendar
a
county boroughs, or of
in
County Quarter
at
Sessions.
deputy
the dock,
or
governor,
generallyin or about
the earliest possible
moment.
Be present to get the charge to the grand jury.
man.
list of grand jury, mentioning the foreGive
down
Take their names
as
they are called
who
governor,
at
business
of Recorder
name
73
SESSIONS.
QUARTER
to be
out
sworn.
NOTES.
old
is
give the
they come
will
who
official,
well
the
Clerk
to
Peace's
of the
minute
in any
book
minute
case
if
of
all the
If the list
in.
business
is over,
from
be obtained
book, and
with
list obtained
the
compare
generallyan
names
magistratespresent, as
is not completed by the time the
the correct list of all present can
the
is
crier of the court
The
"
it is
those
on
practicable.On
cases, to
provincial
papers it is usual,in criminal
the offence
of the localitywhere
give the name
in the sidehead, as well as the
committed
was
name
of the
offence,thus
:
DEEBY."
"
FEROCIOUS
ASSAULT.
In
County
criminal
cases.
Aldermen
the
Boroughs
Often
sit with
him
the
on
Recorder
Mayor
and
tries
the
of the
some
the bench, but
they
part in the proceedings. The Recorder is
usually, but not invariablya K.C., and when
be
entitled
that
to
so
designation, should
take
no
described.
In the criminal
business,if the addresses of the
needed, the crier of the court,
grand jurymen are
who
calls them, will readily lend
"the
Press"
74
QUARTER
the
list if he
careful not
Sessions
SESSIONS.
reporter should be
longer reports of Quarter
is asked.
to write
out
A
they are worth to the paper he
represents. Such cases
(unlessthey are of more
than ordinary interest)will bear a great deal of
condensation,and will read all the better for it.
The charge given to the Grand
Jury, embodying
it does the leadingfeatures of the Calendar, is
as
usually reported at considerable length ; but so
far as ordinarycases
concerned
the reportsare
are
mostly very short. The charge requires to be
taken
there is a
when
down, especially
carefully
in the Calendar
of public importance, to
case
which the Recorder
the learned chairman
or
fully
alludes.
The
magistratesattending at Quarter
Sessions devote one
day, or such portionof it as is
oi County business,
to the transaction
necessary,
when
than
cases
certain
Appeals
time.
also
The
often
bear
take
lengthof
in
mind
read
are
reporter will
to the
as
always
reports
up
be
portion of
certain
guided by
his
that
a
discussed.
and
his instructions
report,but
what
the
he should
public want
comprised under the head of facts and
ought to be
arguments, and that all superfluities
may
be
omitted.
the criminal
and
appealcases
should
be written out as they proceed. Evidence
taken in longhand, except where
be generally
can
the reporteris required,
it is desirable,or where
of questionand answer,
to present it in the form
For
when
a
shorthand
substance
cases
daily,both
be
will have
to be resorted
to.
The
speeches of counsel can in many
taken down in longhand ; and
sufficiently
of the
76
COUNTY
Who
where
they
were
Was
and
them
met
the
the
at
escorted
the commission
did
COURTS.
judge
or
to ?
opened the
judgesattend
they attend ?
What
church
Name
of the sheriff.
did
railway station,and
afternoon,
same
church
\
Under-sheriff.
Name
of the sheriff's
chaplain.
Was
there a sheriff's ordinary,and if
and
where, and who was
present, and
so,
when,
who
sided
pre-
?
the
Speeches at
NOTE.
The
"
criminal
"
Ordinary."
instructions
given
the
to
as
apply to
Sometimes
Assizes.
a
reporter on a local weekly
has to give an
epitome of the chaplain'ssermon,
and
fully report the speechesat the luncheon.
business
the
In
Nisi
obtainable
Court
Prius
from
Quarter Sessions
at
the
court
the
list of
bailiff
or
the
is
causes
associate,
specialjury, should it be
required. The particularsin all actions are fully
stated by counsel
in opening the pleadings,and
statingthe case to the judge and jury. See also
the headings
Police Courts
and
the notes under
Court
Trials," and
Petty Sessions," High
"
Quarter Sessions."
and
also the list of any
"
"
COUNTY
The
a-days
COURTS.
jurisdictionof
very
business
divisions
the
extensive
;
that
may
be
of
the
High
County
almost
Court
by
Court,
can,
now-
kind
every
transacted
is
the
of
various
subject to
COUNTY
limits
certain
the
to
as
County
however, they are
local
of small
before
come
Usually
of them
Court.
used
most
for the
courts
need
Courts
two
the
important cases
and
them,
For
as
taken
etc., be
amount,
But
debts.
77
COURTS.
by
part,
recovery
sometimes
careful reporting.
very
sit
simultaneously. One
by the judge,who hears
presidedover
and
all other cases
all important cases
in which
the partiesare not willingto accept the decision
of the Registrar. The
second
is presided
court
of the
over
by the Registrar,who (by consent
parties)tries most of the small and comparatively
quently,
unimportant cases.
Occasionally,but not frecourt.
a jury sit in the judge's
The proper designationof the judge is "Judge
Smith
is
"
(or whatever
that this title is
Actions
are
his
name
' '
preceded by
never
tried
in
much
be).
may
the
same
Mr,
Note
"
way
as
in
the
High Court, except that, as a rule, less
formality is observed, and the business is conducted
with more
expedition. In many instances
and
defendant
their own
conduct
cases
plaintiff
without
legalassistance. "Where such assistance
is secured, solicitors generallyaddress the courts.
Where
counsel
is engaged, it is usual
local
on
the name
papers to give,in addition to his name,
of the solicitor who
Great
as
instructs him.
is
usually required in note-taking,
legalarguments are often largelyinterspersed
with
care
references
thing to
be aimed
to
at is to
of the case, and
of
matters
a
obtain
clear
fact.
a
The
correct
first
ment
state-
understandingof
its
78
merits.
the
MEETINGS.
LICENSING
under
Local
come
bankruptcy matters
jurisdictionof the County Courts,
find
reporter may
bankruptcy
examinations
be very
may
provided
himself
care
called
;
but
is taken
items in the statement,
to
upon
these
easilyreported,in
and
the
attend
tions
examina-
most
cases,
respect to disputed
with
questionsof account,
and
the like.
NOTE.
employed in County Court
those
as
procedure are substantiallythe same
Actions, however,
employed in the High Court.
not commenced
are
as
by writ.
They commence,
and
the document
a
rule, with a "Plaint";
the
corresponding in the County Court, with
Plaint Note."
High Court writ, is termed a
The
"
terms
"
LICENSING
MEETINGS.
character
sittingsof a quasi-judicial
for hearingand determining applications
for new
the transfer
of old licences,
licences,the renewal
of existing
etc.
licences,
These
are
Information
to be obtained.
of
licensingjustices,or members
licensingcommittee,
present.
Is application for off licence, full licence,
licence to sell wines
and
spiritsonly, licence to
sell beer in bottles only, or six-daylicence ?
behalf of or supported
made
Is application
on
them.
by brewers ? If so, name
Any objectionsby police?
How
signedpetitionsin support
persons
many
in opposition
?
or
Names
of
CORONER'S
COURT.
CORONER'S
79
COURT.
Inquestsmay be held in any building,but in
provided,
boroughsspecialCourts are now
many
known
as
Coroner's
assisted
by
a
appear
examine
on
In
jury.
of
behalf
and
In
most
and
when
of Coroner.
Name
of
die ; his
mary
sum-
is
required. Any
address
to
the
to be obtained.
the
was
Name
brief
a
very
Coroner's
Information
Where
in
as
a
cases
important pointsin the
jury should be noted.
is
Coroner
witnesses
is all that
of the evidence
The
.
important cases counsel
concerned, and
persons
cross-examine
of Law.
Court
Courts.
inquestheld
deceased, age, when
did
he
?
(or she)
(orher) occupation?
of the
jury.
the body lying?
Where
was
Did jury view the body ?
relatives were
What
present ?
Foreman
of witnesses
Names
Did
a
Is he
of which
Were
examined.
give evidence ?
with regard to the complaint
a specialist
is allegedto have died ?
the deceased
there
stances
suspiciouscircumany, and what
doctor
connected
Was
there
Who
conducted
a
Circumstances
with
the death
post mortem
?
?
it ?
of the
case.
Verdict.
When
is the funeral
Where
is the
body
?
to be buried
?
80
BARRISTERS
REVISING
COURT.
"Representatives of the press have not,
strictlyspeaking,any right to be present at an
Inquest,which is not a trial,but is merely an
inquiry held as directed by law, to ascertain and
NOTE.
certifythe cause
usual nowadays
arise when
of death
the
them.
entitled
reporter is not
to take
admission.
on
report,
a
obtained
this
Where
Irom
or
some
up
the
He
frame
It is
cases.
his
Coroner, acting in
decides to exclude
"insisting"
dispense with
certain
reporters,but
admit
to
in
occasions
discretion,
attitude
from
one
of
either
must
person
the
occurs
or
formation
in-
persons
actuallypresent.
COURT.
BARRISTER'S
REVISING
to hear
Revising Barrister sits periodically
by persons
adjudicateupon (a) claims made
The
and
whose
are
names
not
upon
the local list of electors
placed on the list,
claiming to have their names
and
(b) objectionseither to those claims being
still on the list being
granted,or to certain names
The
there.
retained
proceedings before him
receive
considerable
attention
at the
hands
of the
and the objections
applications
dealt with are mainly of a party character ; and
list may
of
the
the
very
resulting revision
of voters
belonging
materiallyswell the number
side in politics.
to one
local press,
as
the
Information
Name
Who
who
to be obtained.
revisingbarrister.
representedthe Conservative
of the
the Liberals
?
interest,and
Total
allowed, and
many
and
claims
Liberal
of
number
8
FUNCTIONS.
MILITARY
how
made,
1
how
objectionsmade
many
sustained.
Ditto
Give
in the
Show
the Conservative
on
side.
before
interestingmatters
of contested claims, etc.
way
which
side had
a
gain in the
any
the Liberals
ov
the
court,
revision
"
Conservatives.
figuresshowing the gain, etc.,
should
the agent representing
from
be obtained
the rewhich
the politicsof the newspaper
on
porter
is engaged.
NOTE.
The
"
FUNCTIONS.
MILITARY
INSPECTION
Information
Name
to the
of
camp
TROOPS.
OF
be
to
obtained.
did he
inspectingofficer. How
Who
received him, and who
?
come
is his
aide-de-camp?
What
regiment does he belong to ?
Parade
of
states, showing the total number
in each company
officers and
men
presented for
inspection.
Any sick in hospitaltent ?
weather has been experienced
What
during the
camp
?
Names
of officers absent
?
of the week's
inspectionday, particulars
shootingare generallyobtained,including prize
On
-
list.
What
Where
kind
were
of weather
the
was
targets?
it for the
Conditions
shooting?
of
the
82
FUNCTIONS.
MILITARY
shooting,such
as
range, number
of
camp, etc. ?
What
time
the
ground
By whom
At
what
Had
the
of shots at each
number
ranges,
points added
did the
for attendance
in
inspectingofficer arrive
on
?
he
accompanied ?
hour did he inspectthe camp,
etc. ?
?
public a good view of the spectacle
was
List of visitors.
what
At
review
hour
order
should
unless
be
got
reporter who
the
of the
officers after the
of the
one
of
inspection
the
in
men
?
Particulars
from
the
was
manoeuvres
review
witnessed
is over,
them
stands
under-
them
thoroughly.
Any sports after the review ?
Was
there a dinner party in the evening?
The
of the
programme
at
manoeuvres
the
spection
in-
regiments of ''Territorials" is as
follows,with but slightvariations :
The review takes place in the afternoon
in the
of spectators,including
of a large attendance
presence
of the tlite of the neigha
bourhood
good muster
of
whose
battalion
columns
the staff
should
names
marches
to
of
the
be obtained.
review
ground in
they are joined by
companies. Here
officers on horseback, and
officer wheels
inspectingofficer
is received
the
battalion
then
rides up
with
The
the commanding
into
to
the
line.
The
flag-staff,
general salute. He first
in line,examining their dress
inspects the men
and
accoutrements
they march
; then
past, in
close and open order, and at the double.
(Some
and
a
84
tion should
scores
FUNCTIONS.
MILITARY
accuratelyobtained.
are
: bull's eye, 5 ; inner, 4 ;
3 ; outer, 2 ; and miss, 0.
SOME
The
The
be
MILITARY
centre
Bisley
pie),
(mag-
INFORMATION.
sation
followingfacts concerningmilitaryorganibe studied by every reporter who
should
not
happen to be a specialistin such
does
matters
:
fantry
infantryregiments forms an inof cavalry regiments
brigade. A group
of batteries
forms a cavalry brigade. A group
fantry
forms a brigade division.
When
brigadesof inare
broughttogetherthey form an infantry
for the sake of
division,which it is the custom
pleted
brevityto describe as a division. A division comA
group
to
bodies
of
the
take
of the
other
field has
arms
included
of the
in it small
Service.
When
cavalrybrigadesare brought togetherthey form a
the
When
ever
-increasing
cavalry division.
clusters of troops are massed
togetherin the final
of the
form of an Army Corps, the "telling-off"
comes
different headings beparts under
component
complicated. Just as a division,consisting
has in its ranks bodies of other
of infantry,
chiefly
called divisional troops,so the Army Corps,
arms,
built up
of the
divisions,has
separate bodies of
engineers,and other details
cavalry, artillery,
to
attached
it, these forces being collectively
called corps troops. In addition to the divisions
of the Army
and the corps troops the commander
Corps generallyhas a cavalrybrigade,or a cavalry
division,which does not form part of the Army
MILITARY
Corps,but
is under
85
FUNCTIONS.
the orders of the
Army
Corps
Commander.
The
trainingof an Army Corps is progressive.
The squadrons and the companies are first exercised
officers. The regiments are
by their own
drill in
then
The
exercised by their colonels.
brigadeis the next step. The brigadesmanoeuvre
againsteach other before the generalsof division
take them
in hand
for work
on
a
larger scale.
and Army Corps only march
and fight
Divisions
are
against each other when
grand manoeuvres
arranged. The less expensive exercises of smaller
bodies are carried out on the great tracts of land
as traininggrounds.
acquiredby the Government
In the autumn
season
SalisburyPlain and Aldershot will generally
be on hostile terms, and many
the Hampshire Downs.
battles will be fought on
The Colchester Army Corps will repel attempted
landingson the East Coast ; the armed hosts of
will "fight" on
the moors;
Yorkshire
and
the
Scottish
and
Irish
forces
their native
practiceon
CAVALRY
moors
Name
obtain
and
excellent
hills.
INSPECTION.
Information to
Name
will
be obtained.
of the
of
inspectingofficer.
the
regiment, and
its
enrolled
strength.
Names
of
commanding
officer,adjutant,
majors, etc.
How
long has the regiment been formed
How
troops are there present ?
many
?
86
MILITARY
When
FUNCTIONS.
do
and where ?
they go up for training,
If a troop drill,inquire how
of such
many
drills a year, how many
in
mustered, and number
the troop ?
of the manoeuvres
drill.
or
Description
Are
the horses of uniform
colour, size, and
?
generalappearance
Do the men
show good horsemanship?
Terms.
Carbine
manship
practice; practice in horsesword
exercise ; elementary drill ;
;
trooper; squadron (not under 95) ; troop (less);
detachment
; regiment.
NOTE.
The
will afford all parsergeant-major
ticulars,
"
"
and
if
describe the drill after it is over,
necessary.
MEETING.
ARTILLERY
Get
which
programme,
generallycontains
all
particulars.
Information
Total
How
?
muster
"Which
detachment
many
Weather
to be obtained.
is the smartest
batteries
?
the wind
and
?
?
Compare the results with last year'smeeting.
Get commanding officer's address at the end of
the day.
Terms, Phrases, etc.
practice; encounter
closehaul ; emulation ; to excel ; battery shift
drill ; firingparty ; squad.
repository
Competition
contest
;
;
;
MILITARY
of
Troop
and
cavalry; squadron ;
of foot
corps
file ;
87
FUNCTIONS.
soldiers ; battalion
or
company,
; rank
; column
a
division
brigade; regiment ;
;
body
of
men.
Regimentals; uniform ;
mufti ; facings; decorations
; huzzar
accoutrements
glengarry; busby
breach
initial
;
;
equipment ;
; helmet
;
;
busby ;
; gold facings;
Astracan
; fez
turban
; shako
ding
knapsack ; quarters; bedtent ; canvas
;
; wallets ; pouches; muzzle
;
; vent-piece; coign; projectile
; trajectory
velocity; angle of descent ; tangential
; khaki
scarlet tunics
;
; bearskin
o' shanter
; Tarn
caps
; tunics
uniform
; in
uniform
undress
;
curve.
MILITARY
ENCAMPMENTS.
Information
to
What
is the battalion
Total
enrolled
How
List of
called
camp
of
required)of
Where
?
officers present ?
of commissioned
Names
?
(orbattalions)
?
regiments in
Number
obtained.
strength?
in camp
many
be
commanding officer,
adjutant,and (if
other
officers ?
come
from, and
of the
placewhere
did the tents
when
were
they pitched?
is the
What
name
the
camp
is held ?
How
was
did
the
different corps
the first to arrive ?
Who
caters
Who
has the canteen
for the officers ?
?
arrive,and
which
88
FUNCTIONS.
MILITARY
Who
some
is the
butcher, baker, grocer,
members
How
of the
etc.
(usually
battalion)?
of the
in trenches
cooking done
regulationshape ?
How
long is the camp pitched for ?
Programme of each day's work, commencing
with
is the
"
reveille.
What
is the allowance
When
is the
of rations
per
who
inspection,and
?
man
is the
specting
in-
officer ?
Is there
to
be
of
particulars
the
Who
band
is the
If so, get
same.
bandmaster
Is there to be
if so, who
week
prizeshooting?
Is it the
?
battalion
(See the drum-major.)
?
church
a
parade on
chaplain ?
will be the
there
Are
any
? and
List of
to
be
if so,
athletic
any
what
on
day
of the
men
have
"
? and
sportsduring
the
?
distinguishedvisitors
Conduct
Sunday
to the camp.
there
been
any
turbances
dis-
?
Total
number
the order
of
a
of
tents, and
line to each
EMBARKATION
OF
Information
Name
are
they pitchedin
company
?
TROOPS,
ETC.
to be obtained.
of the vessel?
troopship,to what shipping
she belong?
or firm does
company
Her
ment
tonnage, horse-power, engines displaceIf not
?
a
Government
MILITARY
When
and
Name
of
Any
where
Describe
what
besides
cargo
?
?
passengers
of embarkation.
number
of
and
embarking,
troops
they
regiment
built
?
process
Total
she
was
captain
general
89
FUNCTIONS.
also
belong,
to
of
names
officers ?
Number
of
commanded
?
How
How
"What
there
marines
many
doctors?
many
days'
is her
sail
will
the
by
voyage
be
whom
?
is she
when
destination, and
due
?
Is she
considered
Is she
armour-plated,
History
of the
she
Has
before
fast boat
a
or
vessel
been
?
what
?
?
engaged
in
scenes,
etc.
conveying
troops
?
Describe
parting
the
Are
How
did
did
where
the
the
embarkation
troops
they accompanied
Are
the
What
public
harbour.
at
Infantry
or
take
arrive
of the
sort
to
admitted
notable
any
departure
the
the
?
?
port,
and
?
Are
Are
in
,
troops Artillery, Cavalry,
long
When
from
and
board,
on
of weather
vessel
the
to
persons
vessel
the
on
?
is it ?
yard
board
by
a
band
?
until
the
?
RELIGIOUS
90
FUNCTIONS.
RELIGIOUS
Under
this
need
FUNCTIONS.
head, only terms, phrases, and
as
given. Information
to the order of the service,decorations,etc.,is
always obtainable from the choir-master,the
organist,the incumbent, curate, or (in the case
of a cathedral
For
an
service)the Precentor.
ordinary church service it is sufficient to give the
pressively
imThe
followingparticulars
were
:
prayers
read (or intoned) by
; the Epistle
read by
was
by
; and
; the first Lesson
the Litany (read or intoned) by
tary
; the Volunwas
were
by
; the hymns
;
Psalms
to
by Barnby
proper
; Chant
in D
minor
in F ; the
Te
Deum
by
;
led by
Anthems
were
;
; the Choir was
and Mr.
presidedat the organ.
musical
A more
elaborate
service,such as at
High Celebration, may read thus : Being the
Anniversary of the Blessed Sacrament, there was
St. Mary's at eleven
at
a
High Celebration
o'clock.
Service
The
opened with a procession,
of hymn), "Ancient
hymn 309 (or give the name
The
choir and
and
Modern."
clergythen took
Introit was
their places. The
(name it); the
in G ;
Schubert's
from
Mass
Kyrie Eleison was
has
Master
really a good voice,
"White, who
(name) sang
taking the solo ; the Sub-Deacon
and the Deacon
the Gospel, between
the Epistle,
and
which
Gradual
Sequence hymns were
sung.
after the Gospel was
before and
The
Gloria
by
Haynes ; then followed the Credo (Schubert).
synonyms
here
be
"
"
"
FUNCTIONS.
RELIGIOUS
92
Lift up
Sermon, No.
"
heads
your
202
anthem,
;
hymn
Recessional
;
Church
before
(Messiah). Hymn
during Offertory,372
Hymn, 327.
of England
;
Services.
Prayer) ; Litany ; Prebration
Coinmimion
Office ; Holy Communion
(or Celeof the Holy Eucharist); Evensong (or
Evening Service).
Matins
(or Morning
Catholic
Homily
mass
mass
high
;
missa
;
mass
;
matins
sicca ;
lauds
Services.
low
mass
(service
dry
;
night)
mid-
at
daybreak) ; prime
vice)
(afternoon ser(6 a.m.) ; tierce (8 a.m.) ; nones
(evening service); compline (8 to 9
; vespers
o'clock at night).
;
(service
General
Ritual;
or
(a sort
of
monks
worn
all
; vestments
;
ments
vest-
gorgeous
apparel ; surplice; cassock ; scapulary
skull-capworn
by acolytes,etc.);amice
round
Celebration)
out
of
the
vestments
;
doors) ;
the
over
shape) ;
Terms.
ordinance; liturgy;rubric;
ceremony;
cloth
(a white
High
Ecclesiastical
; canonicals
service
at
the
neck
cowl
and
alb
cassock,
girdle;
used
ritualistic
worship).
vestment,
sometimes
cope
(the
in
Roman
The
red
hood
(a white
which
cope
and
the
over
(worn
linen
it
alb
garment
in
gorgeous
of
Catholic
a
sometimes
and
sacerdotal
violet,
colour
of
according to the Sarum
feast-day. It generally has gold lace and
the
; maniples (suspended over
or
green,
by
resembles
most
is
at
the
broideries
em-
left
RELIGIOUS
arm)
; stole
sash
(a
shoulders
it
wears
a
"
the
over
platehanded
(the box in
round
which
which
hands
the
monks;
passes round
clergyman's
clerk in deacon's
orders only
left shoulder) ; Pax
(a metal
for the kiss of peace); Pyx
silver
is kept the
the Host
the Pyx) ; censer
(the vessel
is burnt:
the incense
fro in the
93
a
"
contains
monstrance
in which
FUNCTIONS.
of
acolyte);
an
"the
Host;
to and
it is swung
white-robed
is withdrawn
Host
and
Chalice
munion
(Complaced in the tabernacle."
(watcher before the
cup) ; devotee
shrine); shrine ; the high altar ; altar cloth ;
for
vestry ; sacristy(an apartment in a church
keeping the sacramental vessels and vestments) ;
"chanted
the Antiphons
(old English church
and responses given in the Sarum
anthems
Missal
and Edward
VI. Prayer-book); mitre ; fanon
or
fannel ; banner
by a priest);
; biretta (cap worn
"
cel
sanctuary ; enthroned statues of the saints ; chan(eastern part of the church where the altar,
(body of the church) ;
etc., are placed); nave
baptistery; font ; crypt (a subterranean chapel);
cymbals; ''clash of cymbals"; Communiontable;
reredos
(a screen, or partitionwall behind the
altar,which has the decalogue inscribed upon it
with other ornamentations); halo (a semicircular
fluted ray of bright metal is made
to represent
the halo) ; chasuble
ferently
indifworn
(a vestment
with
that it is
the
shorter,and
fastened
and
not
also
a
and
about
cross
at the
the
the
cope,
is
at the
neck
back)
altar);
put
;
difference
on
like
tapers
massive
wax
over
the
being
head,
cope ; it has
(tallcandles on
a
candles
;
re-
RELIGIOUS
94
doleiit with
of veneration
FUNCTIONS.
incense
hyperdulia (a superiorsort
the Virgin ; also called Maryola(coarsecloth of which a monk's
for
;
tory); halberfects
cowl is made) ;
monk"
and sandalled
a tonsured
of
is emblematical
of the
crown
(the tonsure
thorns) ; abbot ; prior; superior
; priest; father ;
"
associate
brother
priory;
;
nunnery
novice
monastery
;
cloister ;
;
convent
;
;
abbey
nuns
;
;
sisters ; abbess.
NONCONFORMIST
A
SERVICES.
simpler nomenclature
bodies.
The
is
employed by
services
are
conformist
Nonducted"
"con-
has in some
"minister," who
instances
"assistant
the
co-operation of an
The
minister."
ordinary services are usually
and
service"
designated "morning
"evening
Service is generally
service,"and the Communion
by
a
Supper," and is held
at the close of evening service.
Baptistsperform
"the
rite of baptism" by immersion.
Quakers
(the Societyof Friends) describe their services as
"meetings for worship," and designate the days
first day"
of the week
"the
as
by number,
(Sunday), the second day, and so on.
be necesthat may
NOTE.
For any description
sary
of the building in which
a
religiousservice
the
the information
under
takes place, consult
heading Opening Churches and Chapels,"ante.
described
as
"The
Lord's
"
"
THANKSGIVING.
HARVEST
Information
Was
Who
there
were
more
the
than
to
one
be
obtained.
service ?
clergymen
officiating
?
of the
particulars
from the organistor
Who
presided at the
Get
ducted
95
FUNCTIONS.
RELIGIOUS
part of the
musical
vice
ser-
choir-master.
who
and
organ,
con-
?
Was
it
Who
full choral service ?
a
the
took
what
parts, and
solo
the
were
voices ?
the choir
Was
surplicedone ?
To what was
the offertory
devoted ?
Describe decorations fully.
of the ladies who
Names
suppliedthe flowers,
etc., and
a
of those
decoration,
undertook
who
State
what
portion
of
work
the
of
church
party of ladies decorated.
each
Was
there also
One
or
tea
a
of
more
party
the
?
ladies who
decoratingthe church should
detailed descriptions.
CHRISTMAS
The
when
before
of
the
first of the
services
beautify.
If
who
concerned
was
that scheme
to
to the
they
should
either
in
of decoration
to which
be drawn
supply the
reporter.
names
in
or
him.
to accompany
specialfeatures
should
which
for
give for
his
over
the
go
complete and
are
of the
possiblehe
generalscheme
to
should
these
commencement
in
part
DECORATIONS.
decorations
the
took
interviewed
is called upon
account
an
be
EASTER
AND
reporterwho
paper
church
and
the
service
or
are
intended
get
some
the
to
person
designing the
in carryingout
to point out any
it is desirable that attention
the
of
newspaper
account,
plants,etc.,unknown
96
RELIGIOUS
FUNCTIONS.
REVIVAL
MEETINGS.
Information
See
secretaryand
Name
of
mission
the
ascertain
"
building, and
how
Was
by
or
Who
what
churches
is the
the
to
the
was
mission
services
Sunday ?
preachers or
the
in
on
be the
to
are
body,
called
attention
chapelsand
the
chairman
speakers?
Who
leads the choir ?
Was
there
What
town,
a
good
attendance
at each
is the result of the mission
Who
will carry
and
where
on
the
work
Information
Personal
name
of
candidates
Number
among
Names
as
be
to
well
the
several
of candidates
in what
as
obtained.
ecclesiastical title of
candidates
Dr.
Johnson,
).
at
which
the
prepared ?
were
; number
of each
proportion were
the
sexes
elderly
of those
sex,
if
spectively
re-
persons
who
took
service.
Anything strikingor
Were
churches
represented?
Any
them ? Many or few ?
of clergypresent, and
in the
in the
begun
SERVICES.
for confirmation
possible,or
?
?
thus
officiating
bishop (as Right Rev.
Bishop (or the Lord Bishop) of
Names
meeting
?
CONFIRMATION
part
long
to last ?
By whom,
organised?
and
to be obtained.
noticeable
?
many
spectatorspresent?
about
dress
of
RELIGIOUS
FUNCTIONS.
SERVICES.
MEMORIAL
usuallyheld after the death of a man
for his philanor influence,
thropic,
distinguished
social,or other public work in the neighbourhood,
for political,
or
artistic,or literary
These
of
97
are
name
achievements
that have
function
take the form
may
services
of the
the Burial
fame.
brought him
of
of the
one
The
ordinary
of part of the Service
church, or
of the Dead.
As
a
separate memoir
for
of
will
the deceased
probably have alreadyappeared
in the paper, it is not generallynecessary
for the
particulars. A
reporter to give any biographical
of the sermon
other address is usually
or
summary
all that is required.
SERVICES.
ANNIVERSARY
At
churches
many
the
(often on
Saint's
Church
Calendar
church
is
named)
a
and
"
event) are
report
common.
any
as
such
to
of
dedication
whom
after
services
or
commemorate
A
reporterwho
growth
should
of
the
memoration
com-
of the
opening
(to
the
the
in
Nonconformists
ceremony
the
hold
to
customary
saint
series
among
services
is
Day appropriated by
the
to
of the
church;
it
versary
"annia
similar
is told off to
ascertain
ticulars
par-
congregation
since the
of
opening, the increase in the number
sidiary
communicants, the multiplicationof the subwith
the church, the
agencies connected
improvement in the attendances at the services,
This information
etc.
can
usually be obtained
from
one
minister.
of
the
churchwardens
or
from
the
98
ELECTIONS.
ELECTIONS.
PARLIAMENTARY
ELECTIONS.
The
of a
meetings that take place in the course
modern
election campaign are
and
so
numerous,
are
organised and conducted by so many
leagues
and societies quiteindependentlyof the rival candidates,
that it is entirelyimpossible to report
than
Of
more
a
very small proportion of them.
those that are reported at all only the most
portant
imbe reported at length,the remainder
can
But
in
being accorded merely a brief mention.
recordingthe progress of the campaign, the efforts
of the various parties,
and the chief incidents of
the conflict,the shrewd
reporter will find many
He
opportunities of distinguishinghimself.
should
make
it
invariable
an
headquarters for
full
to
go
to
information.
Information
Get
rule
be
to
of candidates
names
obtained.
copiesof
and
their
election addresses.
Get
all
possibledetails
Names
of
candidate's
Which
Has
candidates'
committee
of the
of
any
agents
was
candidates
election before,and
What
colours
What
are
Which
contested
what
with
each
of
a
liamentary
Par-
result ?
the
spective
re-
questionsbefore
the electors
?
of them
Is the apparent
list of each
and
?
the chief
at the moment
careers.
first in the field ?
adopted by
are
candidates
past
rooms.
candidates
the
of their
arouses
feelingof
the
strongest feeling?
the bulk
of the electors
ELECTIONS.
100
long
did
the
take?
counting
Was
there
count
re-
a
?
what
By
hear
hour
result ?
what
by
was
assemble
to
result
nounced
an-
made
announcement
the
crowd
?
?
cessful
reception did crowd accord to the sucof candidates
candidate ? Report remarks
after announcement
of result.
ELECTIONS.
MUNICIPAL
to be obtained.
Information
Number
List
the
begin to
hour
the
was
it received
was
What
At
How
?
How
did crowds
of wards.
of candidates
of
names
Have
any,
in each
ward, togetherwith
members.
retiring
and
which,
of the candidates
put
up
before ?
How
retiringcouncillors seek re-election ?
Give the policyof the candidates in each ward.
Politics of all the candidates,togetherwith the
denominations
to which
they belong ; also their
occupations.
is the
What
the
election -cry,"and what
are
many
"
sentiments
of each
Are
the members
Who
nominated
Get
Is
copiesof
the
one-third
Which
Council
Have
whole
of the
all
?
canvassing?
each
of the
the addresses
of
candidates
new
the
candidates
?
issued.
Council
to
be
elected,or
only ?
party has
been
in the ascendant
on
the
the
last
since the last election ?
the
rates
risen
or
fallen
since
EXHIBITIONS,
election ?
To
what
From
what
is the
Which
ETC.
to what
amount
change attributed
of the
candidates
IOI
?
amount
?
be
to
appears
most
popular ?
What
Date
ward
to be
meetings are
held,and
when?
of the election.
Result
Poll.
of the
NOTE.
The
foregoing notes
elections to Boards
of Guardians,
of local authorities generally.
"
EXHIBITIONS
AND
that
It is obvious
will
and
apply
to
to elections
ENTERTAINMENTS.
though
journalist,
perhaps
than
rather more
other
most
people, finds it
to know
something of everything,and
necessary
does generallydevelop in the course
of his occupation
information
a capacityfor assimilating
on
all subjectsquickly and accurately,
he can
never
than a few subjects.
hope to be an expert on more
On
the large London
papers,
daily and weekly newsof the prothe leading organs
and
on
vincial
the services
press, it is possibleto secure
dramatic
of specialists"
musical
art critics,
critics,
duties are
critics,and others whose
journalistic
The hints and
confined
to one
sphere of work.
in this
contained
suggestionsand the information
section
of the
them.
They
the
present work
"all-round
entrusted
with
meant
are
man,"
the
account
interesting
performance of a
a
are
for the
who
not
intended
ordinaryreporter,
often
finds
himself
task of writing a readable
of
kind
an
exhibition
which
for
he has
or
never
a
and
public
before
102
ETC.
EXHIBITIONS^
reported,and for which he has no other equipment
the
than
ordinary general education, commonof perceptionand taste, that make
sense, powers
the satisfactory
performance of his daily duties
possible.
The beginnermay
be warned
againstmaking a
perfectly
parade of technical terms with which he is imacquainted. A clear,succinct account
he
has
of what
given in ordinary good
seen,
and will be better
effective,
English, will be more
appreciatedby readers,than a column of pretentious
jargon, with (to the ignorant) a great
of learning,but with mis-used
calities
techniappearance
that will make
ART
the
EXHIBITION.
Information
Get
to be obtained.
catalogue.
a
What
how
expert smile.
is the
much
exhibition
in connection
with, and
sought to be raised ?
For how
long is it to be opened ?
Descriptionof the building ; its cost, etc.
If the funds are for some
building,get particulars
from
the
Number
of water
is
money
architect.
of oil
paintingsin the exhibition ; also
colours,etchings,engravings,etc. etc.
to who
sent paintingsto the
as
particulars
,
Full
exhibition.
Number
of
of
and
subjectsof sculpture,
them.
List of executive
"With
tion
descrip-
whom
did
originate?
among
the
the promoters.
idea
of
holding the
hibition
ex-
ETC.
EXHIBITIONS)
Has
there been
a
103
similar exhibition
in the
place
before ?
mention
wholly or portlya loan collection,
of principal
lenders.
names
of each week's
Outline
or
day's proceedings
during the time the exhibition will be open.
and its
General
of the exhibition
description
tary
arrangements, togetherwith a running commenIf
on
the works
their
pictures,
of art
and
the
merits
of the
relative
popularity,etc.
If any exhibits by local artists,
draw special
tention
atand their merits.
to them, their subjects,
Chief sizes of Paintings. 40 ins. high by 25 ;
20 ; or 24 +
16.
+
Many smaller sizes are
"
40
exhibited.
The
There
useful to
dimensions
need
seldom
be
tioned.
men-
occasions,however, when it
give them, in order to emphasise some
are
is
specialpeculiarityof the picture e.g., the appropriatene
of the size for
or
inappropriateness
the subject treated.
In portraitsthere is the
bust, kitcat (36 + 28), half-length,
ters,
three-quarand full length.
When
is painted
a person
in a sittingposition the portrait
is called threethree-quarter-face,
quarters. Full-face,
profile.
The followingare some
of the most
common
words
and
phrases used : Subject ; sketch ;
miniature ;
picture; portrait; portraiture;
tableau ; fresco ; cartoon
; oil painting; painting
in oils ; pencildrawing ; pasteldrawing
;
; enamel
encaustic painting; crayon
cut
; water colours ; wood; print; engraving; monochrome
(in a single
colour); polychrome (in many
colours); outline j
etching; copy ; fac-simile ; on canvas,
"
"
104
EXHIBITIONS,
To
depict ;
limn
;
;
;
picture; portray ; delineate ;
draw
; sketch ; stipple; represent ; produce
like
a
strikinglikeness ; natural as life ; life-
drawn
to
with
wonderful
likeness,
portrait.
Landscape ; sea-piece or
piece; view ; still life ;
scene
ETC.
; rustic
Painter
; cloud
scene
exactness,
panorama
battle-
;
sea-scape
;
etc. ;
pastoral
scene.
artist ;
draughtsman ; sketcher ;
signer; engraver ; copyist.
Chiaroscuro
composition ; treatment
;
; perspective
shade ; colour
of light and
; contrast
scheme
; the grand style.
The
noted painters,
followinglist of some
etc.,
may
prove
;
useful
:
"
Angelo, Rubens,
Allegorical subjects. M.
Durer, Holbein, Fuseli,Flaxman, Blake, Martin,
Rosetti,Burne-Jones, Watts, Walter Crane.
ings.")
BuildArchitectural
Ruins.
Berghein. (See
"
' '
"
Balls,
Watteau,
Musical
Parties, and
Masquerades.
"
(See "Domestic
Hogarth, Wilkie.
and
Fancy,")
Battle-pieces.Molyn, Salvator Rosa, Cortese,
Neuville,
Vernet, Desanger, Fortuny, Albert
Caton.
Dudley Hardy, Woodville
Blacksmiths'
Shops. Hogarth, David Teniers,
Wilkie, and other satirical painters.
Buildings. Condetti, Parmini, Rubens, R.
Wilson, Guardi, Prout, Dawson, O'Connor.
Old : Potter,Cuyp, Vandyke. Modern
Cattle.
:
Morland,
Sidney Cooper, Landseer, Vickers,
James Ward, Hensbaw
George Clausen.
"
"
"
"
105
ETC.
EXHIBITIONS)
Caricatures,Cartoons,etc. Hogarth, Flaxman,
Retsch, Cruikshank, Thackeray, Leech, Doyle,
Beerbohm, Phil
Marnier, Tenniel, Reed, Max
"
May,
Hill,Aubrey Beaidsley.
Raven
Clouds.
Titian,
"
and
landscape
particularly
the
of
many
painters,such as Constable,
noted for cloud-painting.
were
Hogarth, Northcote, Fuseli, West,
Blake, Stothard, Opie, Leslie,Elrnore, Leighton.
Domestic
and Fancy Subjects. Old : Terbury,
Teniers, Jan Steen, Ostade, Metser, Watteau,
Hogarth. More modern : Greuze, Millet, Westall,Morland, Mulready, Landseer, Wilkie, E.
Croft,
Nichol, Etty, Marks, Slocombe, Marian
thony,
AnO'Neil, Haynes, Williams, Varley, Mark
Drama.
"
"
Chas.
Etching.
Dana
Gibson.
Seymour
"
Haden,
Jac"|uemart,
Whistler.
Frescoes.
Raffaelle.
"
Titian,Maclise,
Barbarelli,
Sarto.
Farm-houses
Ale-houses.
and
"
Exterior
:
garth,
Ho-
Wilkie, Raifaelle.
Teniers, David
(flowers)
JanVanHuysum
;
of Van Huysum) ; Rachel Ruysch
Van Os (imitator
(fruitand flowers); Segers (flowers)
; Baptiste
(fruit
(fruitand flowers); Van Beuggan, Lance
and flowers); Noble, Stuart, Slocombe.
Fruit
Fairs
and
and
of
Flowers.
"
Low-life. Jan
"
kitchens
and
Steen
; Ostade
teriors
(in-
ale-houses); Andrew
Booth, Teniers,Kaufinann, Hogarth (allsorts of
satirical paintings); Wilkie, Morland, Cruikshank, Leech, Daniel Boon, Clausen,
106
ETC.
EXHIBITIONS,
Gipsy-life,
Brigands,
Modern
etc.
"
Morland.
:
Grapes. Zeuxis, who
is said
"
grapes
so
them.
Hals, Salvator Rosa.
well that
(See
"
the
Fruit
birds
and
Historical
have
to
came
and
painted
pickedat
Flowers.")
Subjects. Rembrandt,
Holbein,
Thornhill, Rubens, Raggi, Northcote, West,
David, Scheffer, Wilkie, Eastlake, Millais,
"
Poynter, Dyce,
Alma
Tadema.
Horses, Dogs, Hunting, etc. Rubens, Snyders,
Vernet, Morland, Landseer, Stubbs, S. Howitt,
Herring,And sell,Leech, John Charlton.
"
Interiors.
and
"
Of
abbeys, Dow
Inns,
etc.
"
Terriers ; of
colleges,
and Wyke Bayliss.
churches
Ostade, "Wilkie,Hogarth, and
most
of the satirical
painters.
Landscapes. Claude, Ruysdael, Foussin, Berghem, Guy p. Modern
:
Gainsborough, Wilson,
Crome, Bonnington, Stark, Vincent, Collins,
CresConstable, Turner
illustrious),
(the most
wick, D. Cox, Muller, B. Foster, Landseer, P.
lanes, villagesubjects,and
Nasmyth (principally
Tadema.
commons), Dawson, Cole,Callcott,Alma
"
Moonlight
Scenes.
"
Albert
Cuyp,
Turner,
Derby, Williams, O'Connor.
and
Madonnas
Altar-pieces. San Giovanni,
Dow, Salvi,Giovanni Barbieri.
Rustic
Marriages."Royal marriages,Lin ton.
marriages,Hogarth, Wilkie, and other satirical
Wright
of
"
painters.
Monochrome.
Nymphs,
Barlleur.
"
etc.
"
Old:
Titian, Rubens, Lentor,
108
EXHIBITIONS,
Water-colours.
David
"
prince of
water-colour
Tadema,
Frank
There
Harrison
are
ten
Cox
(said to be the
Wm.
painters),
Hart, Alma
Stone.
Wood-engraving.
Harvey,
ETC.
Frederick
"
Walker,
Wm.
Weir, Bewick.
branches
of the
art, viz. : history,
grotesque portraits,fancy animals, flowers and
and battlefruits,seascapes, landscapes,
still-life,
pieces. Sterne speaks of "the colouringof Titian,
the expressionof Rubens, the grace of Raphael
(or Raffaelle),the purity of Domenichino, the
of Correggio,
the learning
of Poussin,
Correggioscity
the airs of Guido, the taste of Caracci,etc.,the
of Angelo,
the
brilliant
grand contour
and
the touching grace
truth
of Watteau,
of
Reynolds."
ary
Sculpture, etc. Chiselling
; modelling ; statu;
; figure; bust ; image ; likeness ; marble
in relievo ; intaglio; anaglyph ; cast ; casting ;
medallion
; glyptics(the art of engraving
; mould
(the art of
figuresin preciousstones) ; ceroplastic
modelling in wax
; ceramic
; parian.
well cast when
the
Draperies are considered
....
"
folds
are
distributed
result of chance
so
as
of art,
than
to
appear
study, or
rather
the
labour.
of the greatest
following is a list of some
of Greek
sculptors),
sculptors: Phidias (greatest
Giovanni, Michael
Angelo, Schluter, Hermann,
RouAugustus Ernst (greatequestriansculptor),
Canova.
biliac (historical
costume), Antonio
Banks, 1735-1805 ;
English Sculptors. Thomas
try,
Joseph Nollekens, 1737-1823 ; Sir Francis ChanGibson, 1791-1866
(the
1781-1842; John
The
"
"
EXHIBITIONS.
MOTOR
1
09
Bailey,
greatestof English sculptors)
; Edward
Woolner
Durham, Armstead, Durham, Raggi,
Belt,Milo Griffith,Thornycroft,etc.
American
Sculptors. Powers, Story, and Miss
"
Hosinar.
reporter(unlesshimself an artist
should
who has had an artistic training)
or a man
good local amateur,
get an expert painter,or some
him
round
the exhibition, and
to accompany
NOTE.
The
"
with
discuss
writing his
In
he
should
of the
the merits
him
remember
notice
that
hibits.
principalex-
of the
exhibition,
account
interesting
an
popular language will be better appreciated
by the bulk of the readers of his paper
critical attitude,
with an ostentatious
than a frigid,
of technical
abundance
phraseology. He need
not be afraid of expressing quite frankly his
appreciation of a picture that impresses him
favourably. Representatives of daily papers
round
should
hibition
a
day or two before the exgo
in
written
opens,
on
the
morning
and
thus have
of the
the first notice out
opening,or
on
day.
MOTOR
EXHIBITIONS.
Information
Get
three
Is the
Is it
to be obtained.
copies of catalogue.
exhibition
one
of
a
series?
novelty in the district?
Who
organised it?
Attendance
large or small ?
a
the
previous
1 10
MOTOR
novelties
Any
machines
with
Which
them
from
EXHIBITIONS.
exhibited
the
attracted
the
The
"
as
whom
he
he
ready to give him
if possible,obtain
of their
from
can
the
get
find
every
help.
He
assistance
and
with
much
of
formation
in-
officials,
willing and
should
also,
a
friend
the many
quainted
ac-
details
well,in a report
for an ordinary newspaper,
to avoid
giving many
technical
details.
In describingthe various
hibits
exthe language employed in the catalogue
should
be adhered
to as
closelyas is consistent
with the literary
character of the account. ]
construction.
It is
as
exhibition
cases,
motors
of
of attention
most
the
Which
public?
reporter should
will, in
with
?
greatestamount
the
? Old
machines
principalexhibits?
experts ? from
[NOTE.
New
accessories
new
are
?
as
Te^ms, Synonyms,
etc.
Automobile, auto-, steam-, motor-car, motorhicle
vecarriage,-vehicle, horseless-,self-propelled
;
side-car,tri-car.
motor, -cycle,-bicycle,
Commercial-, electric-motor,motor-, taxi-cab,
motor
bus,
mechanically propelled road carriage,
electromobile.
Touring-, racing-car,landaulette,limousine,
phaeton, cabriolet, side entrance, 2-, 4-seater,
voiturette.
racing type, 4-, 6-cylinder,
Tonneau, body, torpedo type, bucket
seats,
coach built, coup" body, scuttle dash.
parent-,
Canopy, Cape cart-, Victoria-hood, transcelluloid-,wind-screen, wind-shield,
driver's extension,curtains.
Petrol
Ill
EXHIBITIONS.
MOTOR
chassis, steering-gear, -wheel,
tank,
spiral-springs,differential, radius
artillery-, wire-, bicycle-, detachable-,
laminated-,
rods,
Stepney-wheel,
plain-, roller-, ball-bearings,
drive -transmission,
forward
rims, live axle-, chain
detachable
speeds, direct
drive,
reverse,
gate-,
side-
disc-,
drive, variable
change, friction
gear,
plate-,multiple-, cone-clutch, pedal, brake, side
brake, accelerator, hydraulic suspension.
solid-, non
skid-, studded-tyres,
Pneumatic-,
outer
tube, reinforced
inner
cover,
inner
tube,
cuts, punctures, bursts.
honeycomb-,
Bonnet,
dash-, grilled-radiator,
petrol,spirit,motor-spirit,carburetter,cylinders,
engine,
H.P.
(horse power), valveless-, Knight-
engine, exhaust, fumes,
cut-out.
tension -magneto,
accumulators,
High-, low
battery, dual ignition,magneto, sparking plug;
lubricant, lubricator, forced-, gravity-feed.
Hooter,
horn,
syren,
mouthpiece, bugle,
bell, trumpet-shaped
whistle.
Head-, side-, tail-light,
searchlight,acetylenegenerator, oil-lamp,speed indicator,speedometer,
milage
The
recorder.
week-ender's
tance-de
disfriend, pedestrian-scarer,
-annihilator, mechanical
silent
and
smooth
smart
and
speedy, luxuriously
running, flexible,fast
steed,
on
hills,
sprung.
Chauffer, driver, owner-driver,
driver-mechanic.
Garage, motor-house, private lock-up.
AVIATION
H2
AVIATION
[NOTE.
The
to describe
to refer in detail to, the mechanism
or
machine."
"flying
a
need
to do so, and
the
which
technicalities,
to
there
is
no
ers
readnewspaper
with engineering
majority of
troubled
for the
are
specialpart
a
rule
a
of the
telligible
part unin-
most
If circumstances
to them.
reference
As
desire to be
do not
chanics
knowledge of meattempt, unaided,
reporterwhose
slender,should not
"
is
of
MEETINGS.
make
special
mechanism
"
as
when
accident
occasions
an
happens sometimes
the postponement, abandonment, or curtailment
and the reporterfeels it necessary to
of a
flight,"
of the accident,he should
explain the cause
get
direct from
of the engineers
his information
one
present.]
"
Questions, etc.
Get
schedule
of events.
Who
arranged the meeting ?
Who
are
To
the
What
Have
Is any
for
What
each
of them
belong ?
of entries.
their
are
they
one
the
past records
been
on
seen
of them
public meeting
form
Any new
here
?
contestants
nationalitydoes
what
Number
a
or
programme
the
making
?
same
course
his first
before ?
attempt
?
of
flyingmachine
first time?
Who
its
was
to
the
be
tried
designer?
?
peculiarities
of importance to accompany
Are any personages
? If so, get their names.
flyingmen
any of the
the prizesor awards ?
What
are
are
' '
at
"
AVIATION
MEETINGS.
113
they provided?
Extent
of the grounds.
How
spectatorspresent?
many
How
paid for admission ?
many
Get names
of all spectatorsof national
importance.
By
whom
are
or
local
Size of sheds.
Synonyms,
Aviator
etc.
flying-man; bird-man ; flier; skypilot; air pilot; aeronaut ; invader of the air ;
noplane
navigatorof the upper regions; aeroplane
; mo;
; flying-machine
; biplane; triplane
flying-ship
; dirigible
; aerial vessel ; aerial craft ;
power-drivenglider.
;
Miscellaneous.
meeting ; aviation contest ; aerial
meeting ; aerodrome; flyingground;
race; flying
fusellrudder ; body of the machine
; rectangular
inflation ;
; wings ; ailerons ;
age ; propeller
deflation ; side-,
elevating-planes
;
; gas-container
stabilizer ; vertical
; ballonnets ;
gas- envelope
direct-lift ; fan ; louvres ; lifting
stability
;
Aviation
power.
Phrases,etc.
Risinggracefully
; risinglike a bird ; swooping
upwards ; steeringover the heads of the people;
dexterously avoided all obstructions ; gliding
plane,
the biflight
; soaring upwards ; manoeuvred
monoplane, aeroplanemachine splendidly,
with great dexterity
skilfully,
; exhibited great
with
nerve
sharp corners
surprising
; turned
skill ; conquered the elements ; made
a
sensaH
CONCERTS.
114
tional
audacious
daring feat ; an
attempt ; the monoplane swerved
alarmingly;
heeled over
dangerously; executed a smart manCBUvre
; swooped down
; effected a safe landing ;
became
twisted ; ran
descent ; propeller
a perilous
along the course
swaying in the
; rollingand
wind ; carried along by a strong gust of wind
;
took a downward
plunge ; completed the circuit ;
glidingtranquillythrough space ; the aerial craft
sailed round
the
course
poised in mid-air ;
;
aeroplane with its great white sails against a
rolled heavily;
cloudy background ; the machine
made
alarming swoops ; a strugglewith the air ;
tossed like a cork by the wind : the throbbingof
achievement
the engines; a notable
; soaring
like a
gracefully;
seagull; took the corners
flight
;
a
brilliant aerial evolutions
attempts
winds
by
; the
all the hostile
overcame
;
of the..elements
;
baffled
threateningtempests
the hostile
retired beaten
the aviator's skill.
CONCERTS.
partment
satisfactory
performance of this deof journalistic
work, which can hardly
the scope
within
of
be said to come
legitimately
the young
duties, specialqualifications
reporter's
of the
are
required. There may be no member
those qualifications
in
staff who
; and
posesses
For
the
local concerts
any
case
the
reporter to
the unfortunate
whom
have
the
positionof
to
task
be
recorded.
is allotted
Dr. Johnson, who
If
be
in
was
Il6
CONCERTS.
Is the choir
Who
popularin the neighbourhood?
the leadingsoloists ?
are
Ditto instrumentalists.
Is the concert
Names
of
one
series ?
of
Who
is
leadingvocalists.
the secretary?'
List of the members
what
a
instrument
Names
each
played.
distinguished
persons present.
realised by the concert ?
done with the proceeds?
of any
How
much
What
orchestra,showing
of the
was
will be
Terms, PJirases,Synonyms,
Orchestra
choir ;
instrumentalists
;
of
chorus
conductor
voices ;
accompanist ;
;
wieldingthe baton.
Part-song; glee;
; sonata
slow
duet
strings;
glee-party ; leader
swayed the baton
;
"
cantata
;
oratorio
;
phony
sym-
;
cycle; melody ; recitative ;
unaccompanied chorus, solo,
; quartet ; quintet; sextet ;
;
trio
;
octet.
septet ;
Performance
;
exposition;
nouement
;
to
to
execution
good
;
interpret;
deliver
brilliant ;
;
clever ;
; brass ;
; song-
movement
etc. ;
"
etc.
;
sung
fair ;
; finished
;
playing ; reading;
d6interpretation
;
;
rendered
genuine ;
spirited; poor
;
cellent
ex-
artistic ;
or
tame,
rendering; rendition ;
inexpressive
to the mark
execution ; sung
; performed ;
up
; voices blended
; dull, thin
go ; swing ; verve
finale ; the
voices ; lack of harmony ; discordant
well throughout; a deep roll
sounded
choruses
monotonous
or
CONCERTS.
sound
of harmonious
; roll of drums
choruses
; the
attack
spirit,
energy,
117
attacked
were
confidence
and
; led
on
with
the
great
the soft passages
;
treated with
delicacy; delightful
fascinating
voices ; forcing the
purity of vocal tone ; coarse
voice ; rugged rendering; voices blended, especially
the male
voices,in the heavier passages ;
of the singing; effective
nicelybalanced ; sweetness
intonation ; pleasingemphasis ; expression;
were
articulation
accentuation
correct
;
phrasing; fugue work.
Solos ; in good voice
style;
;
correct
;
voice
husky
;
voice ; compass
voice ; mellow
;
upper,
register; thin voice ; small
lower, or middle
full
strong, powerful
voice ;
upper
notes;
rich
tenor
voice
;
clear
in
voice; finale;
the
tempted
"at-
high finale and failed" ; like Mark
Twain, trying to improve the melody by adding
a
some
little flourishes
indifferent
success
of
his
with
; sung
own,
with
rather
with deep
feeling,
poeticinsight; went out of his way to attack
without
conquering; soft,sweet, fine,cultured,
refined voice ; light soprano
; mezzo-soprano
;
mellow,
or
; alto ; soloist.
rich,contralto
Quartets,
Trios
etc.
"
,
Harmonious
;
voices
beautifully.
pression
Pianoforte playing. Fingering; style; exintonation ;
; generalexecution
; correct
execution
; expression; crisp touch ; light and
firm
touch ; brusque or
clear ; the sostenuto
cuted
cleverlyexepassages (sustained passages) were
;
manipulation; brilliant runs ; rapid
fingering.Francis Liszt,Arabella Goddard, and
blended
"
1 1
8
17.
EISTEDDFODA
Rubinstein
were
among
the
greatestof pianoforte
players.
Violins
good tone and execution ; bowing
and stopping; pizzicato
; perfect.
passages
etc. : general execution
Violoncellos,
; bowing
and producing a good tone ; execution
and
neat
:
correct.
Cornet
and
Horn
:
a
melodious, mellow
tone
everything.
Harp : manipulation ; rapid fingering
;
of performance.
is
fection
per-
EISTEDDFODAU.
Get
a
of the programme.
copy
Information to
Are
the
be obtained.
proceedings to
be
opened
with
a
gorsedd?
president,and
presidenta bard
of
Name
Is the
Is it
annual
an
list of officers.
?
Eisteddfod
?
adjudicatorsfor each department.
visitors present.
Any well-known
Names
What
of
are
the
conditions
in the
various
petitions
com-
?
Total value
of
prizes.
Accompanists.
the principal
What
are
competitions?
of leaders
In choir competitions,names
number
of voices in each choir.
and
U.
EISTEDDFODA
of the ladies who
Names
with
the
the
"invested"
ners
win-
prizes.
in
decorations
Any
119
the
if
and
town?
so,
describe them.
?
Any processions
Any railwayexcursions ?
Is there to be a cymmrodorion section
Programme of the evening concert,
reported at a length in accordance
?
which
with
is
its
merit.
address
president's
Borrow
has
it written
Inquire
copy
to
he
out.
beforehand
will be available
arrange
beforehand, if
get
it
whether
for the
early on
a
typewritten
press ; and
if so,
morning
of the
the
Eisteddfod,
Terms, Synonyms,
etc.
Eisteddfodau
plural,
; Cymreigyddion ; competitors; essayists
; singers
; soloists ;
soli-parts
; choir ; choristers ; harpists; leader ;
conductor
; accompanist ; bard ; druid ; archdruid ; chief bard ; gorsedd; gorseddau; englynion; penillionsinging (Welsh impromptu
song) ; impromptu speeches,etc.
is generallyopened
A largeEisteddfod
NOTE.
with a gorsedd,in the open
air,and then those
interested
proceed to the building where the
is held.
of the day
The
Eisteddfod
business
with
the president'saddress, followed
commences
by the englynion (Welsh recitals of epic
composed by those recitingthem), given
poems
Eisteddfod
"
;
1 2 O
the
by
bards,
taken
down
The
is
by
the
He
bardic
with
and
his
described
great
pomp
(or
druid
a
druidical
on
stone,
attended
by
and
;
radiator).
(the
proceedings
on
oes
heddwch
?
and
a
and
year
and
with.
of
then
in
next
arch-druid
Father
then
the
customs,
sword
(Is there
solstice, a
offers
up
a
Light, saying
the
Eisteddfod
Zodiac,
The
stone.
a
arch-druid
hand,
peace
?).
This
is
The
the
is declared
After
solemn
prayer
Duw
business
' '
reply
A
is
:
three
repeated
with
Dyro
ing
stand-
asking
hence.
"
:
bards,
the
of
the
of
chaired
to
accordance
day
the
nature, and
"ministers
in
Eisteddfod
a
called
summer
the
by
heddwch."
"Heddwch,
place
"
his
up
(musical, vernal
back
commence
stone, with
a
times,
his
having
of
or
representing Gfwron,
parliament" sit twelve
representing the twelve
points
bard
and
takes
is
national
each
robed
are
medals
which
these
Encircling
"
his
in
acts
He
Alawn
Plenydd
:
arch-druid,
sun.
semi-bards
(winter solstice);
equinox)
The
ark, symbolical
or
three
who
with
large stone,
a
cromlech
hero
be
must
enthusiasm
brethren
insignia.
bard, represents the
position
is
follows
as
and
adorned
garments,
mystical
chief
work
of the
adjudications
be
arch-druid
other
the
but
may
opened
stead).
remainder
carefully.
Gorsedd
It
The
etc.
straightforward,
in
U,
E IS TEDDFODA
bardic
to
take
this
the
to
the
dy nawd,"
is
proceeded
Get
copiesof
two
ETC.
PERFORMANCES,
DRAMATIC
121
ETC.
PERFORMANCES,
DRAMATIC
the programme.
Information
to be obtained.
If so, has he
author?
play by a new
accomplishedgood work of any other kind ? Is
he a poet, a novelist,
etc. ?
a journalist,
If by an
old author, what
has been his most
successful productions
? How
long is it since his
last precedingplay was
cessful
produced ? "Was it sucthe reverse?
Where
it produced?
or
was
is the story told by the play ?
What
Is the theme
novel or hackneyed ?
Is the dialogue brilliant,
diffuse,witty, or
Is the
dull?
Which
the most
are
Ascertain
title of the company
or
name
strikingcharacters
?
giving
the
performance.
Is the play well staged?
Is the
impressive,appropriate,or
scenery
?
otherwise satisfactory
Are
the dresses
[NOTE.
unaided
He
"
to
should
The
attractive
male
describe
?
reporter should
the
himself
dresses
not
of
the
attempt
ladies.
with
mentioning that
they were
graceful,handsome, becoming, etc.,
and adding an
indication of their colour, if he
content
feels certain that he knows
how
to
name
the tint
accurately.
]
How
was
the
play received
by
the audience
?
122
DRAMATIC
PERFORMANCES,
Terms
and
ETC,
Phrases.
Farce ;
comedy ; farcical comedy ; burlesque;
medietta
light comedy ; heavy comedy ; after-piece
; cofarcical opera);
or
; burletta (a comical
travesty ; musical
comedy ; operetta ;
opera
ridotto (an entertainment
of music
and dancing) ;
serio-comic; comedy- drama
drama; low
; comic
comedy ; monologue ; duologue ; a screaming
farce ; curtain
raiser.
Tragedy ; drama ; melo-drama
; melo-dramatic.
Pantomime
; harlequinade; ballet ; the balletscene
presentation
re(a dramatic
; puppet-show fantoccina
in which
human
performers);
ballet ; sets ; corps
series of tableau
puppets
are
substituted
for
children's ballet ; miniature
de
ballet ; oriental
ballet ;
and
specialities.
Pantaloon
; jester
; buffoon
; clown ; Thespian
clown ; a gracioso; comedian
; harlequin ; balladsinger; columbine ; buskin ; puppet show ; baby
ballet ; the
quadrille; tableaux ; children's
tarlatan ;
in
acrobat ;
ballet-girl
pink and
latan
burlesquer; dance ; reel ; polka ; jig ; in tartion
and
gauze ; splendour of the transformapiece; well-drilled choruses ; smart rhyming;
the leading danseuse
; spectacular
; premiere danseuse
sities
display; Chinese or Japanese monstro; mandarins
;
courtiers
; the
danseuse
is
a
gracefuland charming figurante; in tights;
in character ; grotesque ;
amusing ; hilarious ;
events.
side-play
; serious and humorous
and brim -full
Pantomime
was
bright,bristling,
of fun and diversity
; pretty spectacle
; a libretto
full of brightness,fun, and
happy allusions;
very
124
light;
DRAMATIC
PERFORMANCES,
ETC.
gent;
superior; talented ; intellilistic
studied; scholarly; accomplished; rea; finished ; painstaking
; mirth -provoking;
hilarious ; side-splitting
funny ; laughable;
;
comic
amusing ; irresistibly
; graceful; cheery ;
ing
melting; vigorous ; pathetic; affecting
; mov;
wonderfully realistic impersonation; a
clever
portrayal ; admirable
impersonation;
acters
sympathetic ; subordinate
part ; the other charwere
adequatelyrepresented; power and
artistic finish in the portrayalof intense passion;
splendidstage presence ; played with vigour and
finesse ; played with
distinct originality
; presented
a
bright portraitureof ; was de rigeur as ;
clever conception; Mr.
B. gives a singularly
a
characteristic and
bright portraitureof a young
Irishman
and
freshness
vigour ;
; played with
admirable
form ; an
of subtlety and
actress
an
exceedingly bright comedienne
;
;
power
presented a stirringpictureof the impetuosityof
in
beautiful woman
a
; charmingly played ; one
the
keen
whom
takes
audience
a
delight; a
favourite ; tact ; exceedingly happy conception
warm
meritorious
;
that
;
natural
force
actor
only an intelligent
accomplished lady should
of the
indescribable
part
charm
as
can
;
could
about
of
character
which
impart ; acts as an
dering
as
laughablea renbe well given ; an
her
acting. The
principaldanseuse exhibited the poetry of motion
most
splendidly; picturesqueskirt-dancing; a
gracefuldisplay; fascinatingattitudes ; revealed
cing
the beauty and
the art of dancharm
of which
is capable.
DRAMATIC
Bad
out
acting;
odd
to the
weak
element
of her
;
;
work
stagey ; fussy ;
;
hard
;
doltish ;
; absurd
; uncouth
all attention
of
; had
knowing
ttte-h-tete with
;
125
nervous
stiff ;
;
less
care-
stupid ; a novice ; not up
; giddy ; crude
; eccentric ;
starch ;
illogical
; stiff as
inartistic ; rough ;
seemed lost in abstraction
been
ETC.
PERFORMANCES,
not
what
another
when
the
overcome
to do
in
should
she
have
inaries
prelim-
with herself whilst
conversation
pute;
dis-
or
but not brilliant talent.
creditable,
Playing a double part ; duplicated.
Stage villain ; a thankless
part ; repulsive
uneven
;
; debased
character
unthankful
but
; acts well
in
an
leadingpart.
voice ; warbled
Charming
clear in her
; villainous
upper
that
is
admirable
made
up
as
register;
like
sang
a
with
bird ; very
an
entrain
the
principal leitmotives
the lipsof all.
were
(See Concerts. )
upon
Character ; r61e ; impersonation ; part ; acted ;
out as ; in the character
of ;
represented
; came
took the part of ; gave a clever embodiment
of ;
took the title r61e ; was
de rigeur as ; received
excellent assistance at the hands
of; splendidly
etc.
filled,
; rest
;
of the cast
; too much
Interlude
;
was
splendidlywell
gesture.
by-play; half-play.
Sparkling dialogue; characters too prone to
indulge in long prosy speeches; too much
ding
pad; irrelevant incidents
; the play flags; needs
characters ; the
cutting down ; unattractive
serious
and
the
comic
elements
are
not
well
126
AGRICULTURAL
blended
ETC.
SHOWS,
mingled ; fine scene spoiled
his
worked
by an untimely joke ; the funny man
feeble joke to death ; prompter's voice was
one
audible
times
during the evening ; the
many
rendering gave obvious
signs of insufficient
inadequate imperfect rehearsing; gagging ;
pians
playing to the gallery; relished by the Olymmixed
a
; had
reception; received with
vociferous and prolonged applause.
NOTE.
The
never
forgetthe
reporter should
combined
"
"
"
"
"
"
difference between
a
performance,given as
with
such
fulness
warrant, and
No
printed
a
or
formal
an
item
pieceof
his
dramatic
news,
instructions
dramatic
make
can
a
of the week's
brevity as
instructions
of
notice
mere
criticism.
him
a
good
theatrical critic.
knowledge of the
modern, a long experienceof
dramatic
performances and a cultivated critical
of the
the essential qualifications
taste,are among
dramatic critic ; the ordinary newspaper
reporter
will be wise to record his impressions with modesty
A
special and
drama, ancient and
and
extensive
to chronicle
the facts
he would
as
other
facts.
In
and
circus
and
programmes
information
as
panorama
afford
generally
to scenes,
AGRICULTURAL
no
names,
all the needful
etc.
SHOWS,
ETC.
copiesof the schedule of prizes,two
be
the awards, in order that there may
mark
"backing," and the third for use in the yard.
Get
to
notices,the day-bills
three
AGRICULTURAL
SHOWS,
Informationto
how
Ascertain
Is
made
return
a
Attendance,
causes
are
to be obtained.
?
leadingpersons present?
and
the
has
years
many
Is it
not
qualityof
General
How
or
be obtained.
awards
the
12?
ETC.
show
?
the show
been
held ?
increasingin popularity? If not,
is the decline of public interest in
to what
it attributable
?
other
prizelist)and
the
on
Judges (generally
officers ?
of
Names
and
stewards, secretary, treasurer,
committee.
Street
decorations,if any
?
the
yard.
In what
department did the show excel?
did the staging?
Who
Describe the arrangement of the staging.
hall is the show
On whose ground and in what
Describe
held?
suppliedthe tents
principal
persons present.
tents, who
If under
List of the
to the show
Any excursions
is the
Who
show
?
successful
most
?
exhibitor
the
at
?
Any protests?
Whose
Are
in the
Get
the
the
band
the
?
entries
precedingyear
copy
number
of the
of
numerous
more
or
fewer
than
?
tabulated
entries,etc., in
has
secretary invariably
showing
previousyears ;
statement
one
in his office.
128
AGRICULTURAL
Total
value
of
SHOWS^
ETC.
stated
prizes(generally
in catalogue
poster).
or
What
is the state
CATTLE.
"
of the
Number
of
funds
Society's
entries ?
?
How
many
breeds
breed
showed
Which
represented?
up
best or occupied the foremost
place as regards
number
and
the leading prizequality? Were
takers show-yard animals
? Inquireif the leading
taken
prize-takershave
prizes elsewhere, and
when
the last occasion ?
Was
it as good a
was
of cattle as usual ?
show
In the leading classes
of the best points of the animals,
get a description
the first and
drawing comparisons between
second prize-takers.
of the winIf the pedigrees
ners
in the leadingclasses are not in the catalogue,
obtain
Name
the
some
particularsof the same.
classes
for
judges of the cattle. How
many
in the yard ?
cattle ? Total number
Similar questionsshould be answered:
SHEEP.
breed
Which
excelled
long wool or short wool ?
there a largeshow
Was
and keen
competition,or
"
"
otherwise
?
breed took
Ditto, pointing out what
most
prizes.
HORSES.
of riders
Ditto,also obtainingnames
in the jumping trials ; height of winning horses ;
and in the hunters
classes what pack the winners
follow.
Among the entires,inquirewhat district
the winners
walk, and get descriptionsof their
good points.
PIGS.
"
"
OTHER
other
heads
DEPARTMENTS.
"For
horticultural
departments of a largeshow, see under
in different portionsof the work.
and
those
AGRICULTURAL
Phrases,Synonyms, Terms,
CATTLE.
animals
"
; the
character
ETC.
SHOWS,
Prize-takers
winner
;
; Mr.
etc.
:
1
29
"
beasts ; oxen
; heavy
's bull,scale and
huge proportions; large, massive
beast ; mountains
of obesity; huge, enormous
creature
; bulky ; unwieldy ; of great
; monstrous
size and
substance
well-bred ; big
steers ;
;
animals,with surprising
depth of girth ; splendid
rent-payingstock ; leggy; a littlepinched ; lean ;
kept poor ; not so successfullybred ; a good
bull ; has all the points of a good stock-getter
;
useful bull ; shoulders
well developed; top level
and
broad ; of great scale,full and fleshy down
to the hock ; takes on
meat
ably
very evenly ; remarkand fat ; handled
mellow
remarkably well ;
yearlingheifers ; as fine a lot as can be seen in a
be a successful
must
day's journey ; the owner
breeder,and has a rent-payingherd ; remarkably
wide
beast, with proportionatedepth of form ;
compactness ; well-formed ; very
promising ;
head
giving signs of good breed ; true outline ;
the heifers will fill up and deepen into heavy
animals ; will take a deal of beating; most
form
uni;
animals.
Cows.
MILCH
These
judged accordingto
Good
their milk-yielding power.
specimens ;
exellent in hair and colour,as well as in milking
qualities
; a well-shaped lengthy dairy cow
; a
with
and
cow
good merit
extraordinary fine
udder;
named,
milk
"
"
Milkmaid"
having
yield to
the
"
are
appears
to
have
been
reputationof holding
quarts per day eight
out
or
well
her
nine
AGRICULTURAL
130
months
after
a
OTHER
calving;
good udder.
Cows, ETC.
ETC.
SHOWS,
a
beautiful
Very
creature
handsome
; presented
specimen
of the breed ; compact ; well-bred ; great depth
of form, with
large scale and capital udder ;
getting
compactness, symmetry, and quality; not forgood breedingqualities
; as level as a die
rail ; as true as a die all over
or
a
; largescale ;
lengthy ; good in the quarters.
CATTLE
GENERALLY.
Well grown
ditioned
; high-concarcass
; heavy cattle ; whole
appeared
to be loaded
with
fat ; full in form ; evenly
pointed ; remarkable
good coats ; squareness
behind ; shoulders
well
laid ; hides
of good
colour ; good girth; lengthy ; plain ; bare ; uneven
; bad middle
part ; shallow ; poor.
SHEEP.
need be found ;
As compact a ram
as
A's noted
flock ; interestingvariety of sheep ;
straight in the upper loins ; capitalneck ; big
uniform
sheep ; very full in the chest, with
compactness and a broad development all over ;
length ; fine
good neck and length ; considerable
specimen ; a grand front ; capitalbacks ; a good
figure; shapely form ; lengthy form ; shapely,
animal
of uniform
and
full of quality; an
metry,
symscale,and substance ; truly a magnificent
; fine,full,level specimens,far above
pen of ewes
the ordinary merit ; a picture,or model
; heavy
wool-cutters ; healthy, sound
sheep ; sturdy
mountain
sheep ; very big sheep ; a grand class ;
exceedinglycompact and well-bred sheep ; perfectly
sound and healthy.
PIGS.
Very large pigs ; uniform ; well-bred ;
"
"
"
"
AGRICULTURAL
132
legsin gettingover
to
get
will
the
over
of the
ETC.
SHOWS^
the fences
fences
standing
rider ; will
to be
; seemed
flyingat
or
an
cover
able
the
width
enormous
cleanly handled ;
height; was
very
his
knew
had the advantage of a jockey who
business thoroughly ; wonderful
length of stride ;
powerful,but as handy as a kitten ; a clipper; a
good-mannered horse ; a handsome
up-standing
animal, good enough to cross
country ; a
any
animals.
prime lot of high-bred and handsome
off and
Bad performance ; could only make
on
jumps ; rushed at the fences,and then bolted at
well
as
a
as
tangent
refused
;
take
to
fence
a
wouldn't
;
picked and chose her fences,
;
clearingsome, and gettingover others somehow
not
taking the water-jump with a good head ;
in bad
hands
was
by her
; roughly handled
without
rider ; failingto get over
wetting her
feet ; displayed a bad temper ; rash ; tipped the
at the
look
;
the
crushed
fences ;
refused
fences
kicked
;
fences
; had
in the hurdles
the fences
of it ; showed
the fun
not
requireda
;
tractable
very
mouthed
vixen
close
to
the
fault
of
her
of
lather
humour
;
fashionable
move
in
to the hurdles
aversion
"
a
;
before
puller;
fences
at the
;
rising,which
training; made
unmanageable ;
"
;
tangled
forelegs; got ena trick of rushing at
coaxing ; did not see
temper
bicked
fences
; rather
HUNTERS.
able to
"
;
little
an
bolted
;
the
with
out
restive
;
liberal
a
not
;
hard-
got
too
is the
display
the
always
in
speedy
horse
vicious.
Breed,
animal
under
;
a
etc. ; stout
hunter
of true
great weight
;
formation
;
;
well-developed
ETC.
SHOWS^
AGRICULTURAL
133
unmisof coat : an
hind-quarters
; fine texture
of high breeding; a thoroughbred
takeable mark
hunter
can
scarcelybe too strong and thick ;
have
should
strong, low, muscular, bony form
;
a
shapelyanimal ; wonderful stamina ; exceedingly
good proportions; powerful shoulders ; hips
strong and wide, with a back like a feather bed ;
thighs stronglydeveloped; strong limbed, yet
that go to
has livelyaction,which
are
qualities
to combine
make
; appears
up a good hunter
nut
strengthwith good action ; a strong-bredchestand symmetrical.
; muscular
Stallions : spirit; muscular
HORSES.
OTHER
power
; fine constitution ; capitalfront ; good
quarters ; a very high, powerful horse ; possesses
constitution ;
all the properties of vigour and
strengthof muscle and just proportion of bone ;
and deep ;
neck broad ; deep chest ; barrel round
and
rather
broad
back
short, and somewhat
Blood
the loins.
curved
mares:
over
large in
; clean legs ;
body ; well-shapedcarcass
; roomy
wide, large,and round formed barrel ; standing
well forward ; lively action ; frame
deep and
compact with fulness at the sides,which makes
"
her
useful
of
massive
more
stamp,
show-yard
she
than
rather
than
excellence
;
looks ;
more
approaching the
chest,with
roomy
of the
ideal
broad
Colts,etc. :
quarters ; well ribbed up.
useful stamp ; promising ; shapely; well shaped ;
promising young horse ; strong limbed.
Machinery in motion, etc. The proprietorsof
loins
and
"
the
this
stands
will
give
department.
the
needful
information
in
AGRICULTURAL
134
SHOWS
ETC.
^
See the secretary, or
Decorations,etc.
if possible,
and
taking the initiative,
person
"
certain
from
committee,
him
and
descriptionof
cost
there
is
a
as^
decoration
obtain
particulars,including
triumphal arches, etc., and the
of the decorations.
Terms,
Union
whether
the
etc.
Jack
ornamental
"
Flags ; bunting
; banners
work
in
royal standard ;
; royalensign ;
;
; streamers
evergreens
;
coloured
tian
Vene-
masts, each
carrying a trophy of five flags,
surmounted
by a handsome
gold crown, and lines
of streamers
running from pole to pole ; festoons
of triangular
flags; profusedisplay; town ablaze
with
bunting ; shields ; bearings ; devices ;
triumphal arches ; bowers of evergreens ; strings
of flags
canopied the street.
NOTE.
The reporter cannot
be in the showyard too early if he has a long report to write.
The generalparticulars,
of entries,
to number
as
etc.,must be secured early ; it may be difficult to
obtain them
at all later in the day, for the officials
return
will then be too busy. In large shows
a
hour
in the
of the prize-winnersis made
every
this is not the case,
office ; but when
secretary's
and fillin the awards
the reportermust
go round
from the prize-cards.In any event, two
copies
of the prizelist should be cut up and arranged so
need only be marked
side
that the winners
on
one
In going round
of each
fillingin the
page.
needed
to the merits
as
awards, the information
It is always
also be collected.
of the animals can
desirable to be able to give the reason
why the
"
blue
ribbon
was
given to
this horse
or
that
bull
;
AGRICULTURAL
to
draw
second,
SHOW'S^
those
comparisons between
and
third ;
and
to
135
ETC.
mention
placed first,
the
prominent pointsin the prize-winner.The
do this the
a reporter can
fullyand correctly
readable
and
valuable
will his report be.
most
more
more
There
who
always plenty of leadingagriculturists
and
will readily give information
express their
sirable
opinions. In the principalclasses it is very dehas
the best animal
to inquire whether
At the largershows there
won
prizeselsewhere.
several reporters in attendance,and while one
are
is obtainingthe list of awards
in one
department,
another is doing so in another
part of the yard,
and they subsequentlyexchange. The newspaper
requiringthe fullest report may send a corps of
to the show
to take separate departments.
men
have decided as to the length
A reporter should
and
of his report before commencing operations,
should
should
also know
act accordingly. He
are
the form
in which
the newspaper
the list
run
the list of awards
which
he
represents.
is set out
Some
in
papers
break-
others have
nonpareil,
lines only for the departments; whilst weeklies,
local papers
and
generally,set out the awards
fully with a break-line for each prize,also
very
giving the "highly commendeds," a somewhat
unusual thing to do on a daily.
on
in
Phrases,
HORTICULTURAL
AND
etc.
FLOWER
SHOWS.
"
liant
plants ; successfully
; large,brilgrown
blooms; attractive; richlycoloured ; heavily
Valuable
136
AGRICULTURAL
ETC.
SHOWS,
; fine
bloomed
plant ; magnificentplant ; superb;
tion
much
admired
fruit ; showy collec; handsome
of high cultivation.
Roses :
evidence
;
and
colour ;
splendid bloom ; good in form
delicacyof colour ; fragranceof perfume ; heavy
heads
distinctive
;
Fuchsias
sweetness.
:
spicuous
con-
for
Orchids :
bloom, shape,and colour.
magnificentspecimens of floweringorchids ; grand
of showy
collection ; mass
drons:
Rhododenbloom.
of showy
of remarkable
beauty ; masses
of every
hue ; large and
Geraniums:
bloom.
mark*
heavily bloomed
; richness of colour and
ings. Ferns:
admirably represented.Dahlias:
shown
large blooms,
magnificentblooms
; very
and
compact
the
well
specimens
dahlias
were
blooms, while
shades
quilled;
the colour
admirable
were
perfect models,
in other
cases
new
and
"
some
;
and
and
form
of
of
the
large
undeveloped
very
produced." Palms : of immense
size.
Pelargoniums: large trusses of good size,
and
borne
rich blooms.
very freely; solid with
oped
Verbenas : of the best varieties ; grandly develblooms
were
a
deep
; the winning exhibits
fresh and
effective.
red scarlet,very
Begonias :
cultural commendations
well-deserved
; the plants
of largesize,and splendilyflowered.
Coleus:
were
in different hues.
Chrysanthemums : will bear
comparison with those of any previous year, both
of bloom
as regardssize of floweringand
atic
; systempetals. Azaleas : beautifully coloured.
Cinerarias : with
Caladiums
:
highly coloured.
broad
were
of coloured
masses
Apples
and
Pears
:
star-like bloom.
delicious,and
early,and
AGRICULTURAL
noted
137
ETC.
SHOWS^
large as August
delicious,or luscious fruit.
Gooseberries
sorts.
:
plums ; noted sorts ;
Tomatoes:
Grapes: colour and size of berries.
exceedinglywell grown.
ordinarily
Potatoes : heavy croppers ; productive; extralarge tubers ; prolific.Celery: large
and crisp. Onions : largeand heavy.
Turnips :
The Cucumbers, Marrows, etc.
excellent sort.
an
"(
of perfection ; very productive.
the acme
were
NOTE.
The reporter should first arrange to get
the list of awards.
In well-arranged
shows
the
secretaryhas an assistant accompanying each set
of judges,marking off the prize-winners
in a book,
that when
the judging is over,
the list of
so
,
"
"
awards
be
can
at
communicated
once
present ; and if
the work, with
be divided.
can
it for
a
it is necessary
the
in
a
of other
him,
and
time
is
such
be
the
the
papers,
He
tendance,
at-
manifolding,
not
take
this
instance
specific
be preparedfor
must
In too many
shows
the exhibits and copy
round
prizecards.
large show
divide
can
will
any
in
porters
re-
process.
to go
from
names
work
he
in
troublesome
more
aid of
the
will be followed.
course
several
are
the reporter must
But
granted that
there
the
to
; and
work
should
charge the
limited, and
removed.
with
in
a
someone
to his
few
It will
is
trying
the reporter, unless
the representatives
engage
expense
This
be
hours
to assist
for the
office,
the exhibits
desirable,too,
in
operations immediately
after the judges have begun their work, especially
if the reporterrepresentsa dailypaper.
Weekly
and other local papers usuallyadd the names
of
cases
to
commence
138
the
AGRICULTURAL
in the
gardeners
show.
Some
of the
give their opinions
The
generally.
almost
Two
the
From
In
Is there
any
entries,
the
exhibits
sections
as
Ditto
the
as
show
and
them
the
sorts
of
show?
plants
What
of
the
variety
of
of
the
and
?
Is
length
sorts
of
to
as
of
of
a
cut
?
?
of
varieties,
good
has
best
flowers
season
lot ?
potatoes which
season
of
merits
many
winning
the
in the
up
the
are
it
of
amateurs'
showed
there
former
exhibits
best
?
which
cottagers'and
are
exhibits
with
and
any,
What
greatest
which
and
Ditto
?
won
the
any,
to
following
"
of fruit
kind
it
been
for
Give
take
for
is the
professionalopinion of the
Ditto
to
?
as
roses
dahlias, chrysanthemums,
and
other
leading classes ? Ditto as to
kind
of
Pineapples, what
generally ?
What
?
orchids
kind
grapes,
names
show
as
Cucumbers,
?
prizes.
roses
of
what
for
vegetables ?
to
of
none
the
compared
are
flowers
to
that
so
is there
and
quality
Ditto
What
?
Ditto
?
:
sections
Which
?
sections
open
the
list of awards.
present
obtained
be
entries
in
show
utilised, in
be
the
the
to
backed."
falling off,as
or
quality
out
large
a
always ready
procured,
number
the
the
in
be
the
of
in
of
making
"
may
increase
the
to
gardeners
which
years,
for
be
some
information
classes at
as
should
will
pages
leading open
gardeners are
catalogue might
all cases,
copies
ETC.
SHOWS^
In
took
stove
the
and
greenhouse
leading prizes?
plants
what
SPORTS
140
Give
COMPETITIONS.
AND
of
names
any
eminent
present.
persons
In the event
of
accident
an
and
occupation of person
happen ? Was a doctor
get full
Were
Any
noteworthy
or
get
address,
name,
did
injured. How
the ground ?
on
it
If so,
name.
the sports followed
illuminations
by
a
or
supper
dance ?
?
Questions,Terms, Phrases, etc.
"York
ARCHERY.
Number
of
National
rounds?
shot
arrows
each
on
round
rounds?
by
ladies
Distance
of
?
by gentlemen respectively
for hits,
second
first and
had
targets? Who
first and second for score, and who for the greatest
of golds ?
number
for the reporterto refer
be convenient
It may
and
to back
of his paper
numbers
scoring is "set out."
9 ; red, 7 ; white,
counts
white, 1 ; and miss, 0.
the
BOWLS.
number
What
"
in what
form
to
see
In
archery a gold
black, 3 ; outer
6 ;
up ?
Rinks
; turf ; sets
jack ; rubburn ; turn ; ran
merrily ; shot too lively; bowls ; wide ; close ;
the balls skilfully
handled
; trundled the balls with
green ; in good
great judgment ; old or new
of three
condition
aside ; bowl
or
BOAT-RACING.
otherwise.
"
Oarsmen
and
coxswain
ing
in lead-
clingheyrace ; skiff racing;
races
; sculling: double
punting races ; canoe
tested
sculling; a scratch eight; upstream course
of the competitors; kept abreast for
the stamina
race
a long time
; easilyforged
; a neck-and-neck
boat ; trainer ;
SPORTS
ahead ;
COMPETITIONS.
AND
matched
lead ;
evenly
winning
gained
at
stroke ;
timed
crew
every
and
under
CHESS
;
the
MATCHES
many
contests
their
names
quickly gained the
pulled well together;
a
popular win ; a well;
well -executed
[Seealso
spurt.
"
heading
How
Regattas."]
TOURNAMENTS.
AND
?
14!
contestants
many
"
?
How
List of
(ifany) representedby
them
ticular
Parthem.
?
Any famous playersamong
openings adopted by each player. Any
brilliant play ?
rapidplayers? Any exceptionally
?
By whom
Reporters are rarely expected to be present
Sometimes,
throughouta protractedchess match.
on
however, a descriptive
notice,with comments
the performances of the
principal players, is
as
needed, especially
regards contests of importance.
In these instances the reporter should, if
of the
possible,attend at the commencement
proceedingsand again at the close of each day's
he can obtain
play. Detailed lists of the moves
from
the
secretary.
COACHING.
Ascertain
"
long has
How
How
run.
it been
?
coach
likely to
Total
?
number
builder ?
medium
Describe
run
Fares.
Coaching Club ?
style,etc. What
the
do
often
where
months
of clubs
and
one
the
owner.
of the
running ? Distance
they change horses, and
of stud.
How
long is the
only during the summer
Is the
master
of the
Colour
Is
?
"
of coach and
name
a
member
of the
horses,their build,
is the
the
light,heavy, or
the stoppages en route ?
Spanking team ; light
What
team
are
country.
a
coach, and
who
colour
is
SPORTS
142
team
;
Boadicea
heavy team
(a lady) on
spick and
leader
AND
span
light-browns;
worked
as
wheeler
tandem
fractious ;
Twins
piece of machinery ;
the
grand
team
;
fresh
;
;
; team
; mettlesome
; well
a
near
dark-browns
;
chestnuts
;
;
looked
team
; off wheeler
tractable
Siamese
; the
skittish
;
ribbons
the
browns
bays ;
;
well ; very
close
as
the bench
black-browns
quartet ; pair ;
prancing ;
handling
;
; near
off leader
;
COMPETITIONS.
;
;
handled
;
capitallytrained ;
moved
like a complete
as
paint ; able to go
;
pace.
COURSING
held
(in the open}.
"
Where
the
was
draw
the
previousnight ? Under whose superintendence
?
What
Principalpersons
present ?
then the betting?
was
Any speeches and toasts
after the draw ? Names
of the favourite
dogs ?
Who
Whose
the
coursed ?
were
ground was
Where
led
find hares ?
to
gamekeepers who
the trysting-place
State of the betting in
?
was
the morning, and whose
dog was made the leading
of dogs entered.
Give
the number
favourite ?
value of stakes.
Total
up
the
altogether,and
day ? History
How
how
many
hares
courses
many
were
ran
during
winning dogs, and
of the
put
their
pedigree,it'obtainable.
Dogs ; brace of dogs ; trio ; slipper; slips;
hunted
;
; tried ; drawing ; puss ; hare ; fawn
leveret
;
form
necked
;
;
double
;
scent
;
cold
the
greyhound goes endways
by his fellow and gives puss a turn, the cote is
the first turn) ; leash ; points ; first turn
(two
scent
; cote
(when
for
wrenches
stand
tail of the
hare) ;
a
turn)
stretches
;
beaters
; scut
between
(distances
(the
two
SPORTS
COMPETITIONS.
AND
turns) ; fleck the hare
wrench
(half-turn).
143
(treadingoff
the
fur) ;
Rattling good greyhound ; a black, brown,
the
fawn, grey.
Badly slipped; escaped irom
hands ; delivered the dogs ; Ws
slipping
slipper's
was
up to his usual unapproachable form ; the
dog lost one of his clees ; started a hare ; hare
nicked
through the hedge and escaped ; hare
to elude
worked
against the dogs ; endeavoured
her
pursuers
she
escaped to
and
strong
broke
; puss
covert
the
;
;
best
back
the hares
in
a
;
strong
were
;
wild
very
difficult and
a
hare
trying
good course
;
fast,with plenty of
performed beautifully
; went
fire ; B drew out three lengths for first turn, and
had all his own
in an
spin ; C B,
way
average
made
who
wretched
a
attempt, but scoring
nothing but the death ; C went up three lengths
from S, and, although he ran
wide, shot on to the
; had
course
scut
for the
score
;
as
narrow
puss
escapes
second
broke
before
;
ran
his
a
opponent
could
back, stickingnicely to
the
scut.
NOTE.
It
is
before
the
coursing
to ascertain the rules of scoringwhich
commences
the judge or judges will adopt. They will state
these
if asked.
at once
Stonehenge, in his
Rural Sports,"gives a very long descriptionof
coursing,with the rules,etc. It will be found
that
also
above
nearly everything mentioned
porter
appliesto enclosure coursing. Though the rewith
generally obtain an interview
may
the judges after the
coursing, and get some
valuable
the day's sport as a whole,
comments
on
"
"
important
SPORTS
144
and
the
on
winning dogs, lie will
his
on
each
COMPETITIONS.
AND
own
and
pendent
entirelyde-
for the
resources
these
be
details of
will
tion
requirediligentattenhis part. Coursing in the open involves
on
miles of walking and running.
many
CRICKET.
Unless
a
pretty full introduction
is needed, a reporter on
a
weekly paper, if he
understands
the scoring book, need
do no
more
course,
"
than
he
book
the
see
should
recorded
reporter who
of the
wicket
the
"
and
order
wicket
the
the
two
happens
number
of
The
out.
"
of
appearance
which
in
should
the
one
batsman
of his
batsmen
before
be
to
the
team.
Unless
personally familiar
from
his
the
Get
successor.
will
and
play commences,
captainsand umpires, and
in
make
proceeds,checking them
figures in the intervals
game
retreat
the
cricketers
also the
but
went
man
of his paper,
scorer's
the
between
each
when
reportingby telegraphthe progress
from time to time for publicationin
as
the
with
when
editions
notes
own
is over,
is
game
successive
match
only copy the scores,
the tally showing the
not
analysis,and
runs
afcer the
to
go
the
names
of any
the
with
the
of
noted
reporter
all the
of at least
the company
players,he should secure
of them, so as to ascertain promptly all the
one
he may
of a new
names
require; e.g., the name
bowler
when
that
functionary is changed ; the
of a player who
makes
misses an imporor
name
tant
of any
the name
"catch";
player who
sustains an injury, etc.
CYCLING.
Bicycle, cycle, bike, push bike
tandem, lady-back tandem, path-,roadtricycle,
"
AND
SPORTS
COMPETITIONS.
145
roadster, lightroadster, cantilever,threespeed gear, fixed-,free-wheel,coaster-hub,road-,
racer,
motor
pacing.
path-racing,
bike, motor
Motor-bicycle,motorcycle,motor
tricycle,side-car,fore-car,fore carriage,tri-car,
weight,
trailer,three-, four-wheeler, quad-car, lightmachine,
pedalless-motorcycle,
passenger
two-, twin-,four cylinder,
militarymodel, single-,
cycle
auto-wheel,two-stroke-,four stroke- engine,fourtype, valveless engine, 3^ h.p. tourist
machine, 5 h.p. racer, standard model, Model de
Luxe, free engine pulley,two-speed gear, hand
automatic
starting,variable-,adjustable-pulley,
inlet valve, mechanically,
operatedvalve (M.O.V.),
sibility,
acceseventurning movement, engine flexibility,
handle-bar
gear
driven,
chain
control, belt transmission,
drive, bevel gear drive, magneto-,
Tourist Trophy race,
accumulator-ignition,
non-stop run, compulsory stops, controls, hilltests, record attempts,
climbing test, reliability
record
breaking, 24 hours' trial, traffic stops,
trade entrant,
voluntary stops, private owner,
trade representative,
amateur-, professional-rider,
considerat
the butterflymotorist, exceeding the limit, indriving,road hogs (other road users),
rollingwreaths of dust, throttled to fiftymiles
hour, lightpedal assistance,the fascination of
an
Exhibitions."]
speed. [See also "Motor
of the players on
Get the names
FOOTBALL.
their positions,before
sides and
the game
both
Association
or
commences.
Rugby football ? If
with other
district clubs,
in connection
match
a
is a first,
for a challengecup, inquireif the match
"
146
SPORTS
COMPETITIONS.
the final tie.
second, or
either
AND
team
Ascertain
?
famous
Any
the
correctly.State
large or small ?
of
the
between
and
touch
players in
result of the
match
ground ? Attendance
Get
figuresfrom secretary or
other officialof club owning the ground.
A reporter is allowed
to follow up the players
he
the ropes
should
early in
with
of the
the
other
"
morning
there
and
what
the
run
it
the
to
"
Who
?
hounds
the
than
and
close"
How
was
melted
threw
How
was
was
the
long did
put up ?
"open
How
fox
or
an
death,
who
and
couples of hounds
dog or bitch pack ?
could
cold
; was
high
by
pack
many
laid low
;
was
attendance
the
one
in at the
it the
laid
take ?
he
if so,
the fox put up,
was
more
were
?
scent
was
? and
Was
did
"severe
a
quickly owned
scent
club, or
"good hunting
a
meet
Where
Was
; scent
;
lawn
a
?
direction
brush
Scent
owned
low
or
out, and
were
it
Is it
"
place where
begin to draw."
last ?
country
got
munication
com-
or
of the
in,
high
"
ETC.
Was
?
Name
thrown
Was
in
local
of the
"breakfast"?
a
large?
scent
himself
;
information.
FOX-HUNTING,
"
necessary
both, who can tell him
player when
required,or give
club,
of any
name
put
game
member
a
visitors'
line when
;
not
breast
own
the storm
the
; could
high,
the
; in the
scent, and
not
and
scent
next
be
was
;
the
field
they were
off for the day. Country ; severe
drawn
country ;
close country ; open country ; dirty country ; the
country rides well, but the fences are blind, and
several horses are
at an
to be seen
early stage
the
up
14^
AND
SPORTS
Long
run
; hares
run
COMPETITIONS.
played
were
country in the direction
across
the
hounds
got
a
in full cry
check
in the
and
fallows
hounds
lift them
had
a
f
back
; hounds
carryinga
the
; at
run
hounds
The
out
and
,
the
on
and
the fox broke
;
for ;
made
fast pace
very
pounded.
were
The
suit
purthe
hounds
were
fox
the
soon
of
draggedthe
rattled away.
;
to
liant
; bril-
pursuit; in hot
once
again on
;
;
doubled
in the direction
cover
to covert
ran
had
head
following the trail ;
The fox decamped ; gave the
scent.
go by ; findinga leash in M wood, we
away
brush
; fox
day
several
;
with
of
tremendous
in full
brilliant
a
the master
hard
break
soon
were
hard
;
covert
ran
;
ring
ring inside the covert and at last broke at a
entered ; "gone away" ;
point where the hounds
resounded
(N.B. Upon
through the woods.
always gives a few
leaving covert, the huntsman
here failed and
his horn.) The
scent
notes
on
The
hounds
cast
were
brought us to a check.
(that is, spread right and left),and then lifted
and
we
(moved to another part of the locality),
after
"
at full cry ; hounds
again found and got away
Reynard, being so
running breast high, and
clean pumped out and was
became
hardly pressed,
run
cover
;
hounds
were
whipped
the
over
shire
minutes
flight
;
on
with
I went
;
open
country
; Lord
away
at
; chevied
open
foxes
three
divided
burst
the
in
into
;
and
a
and
foot
the
first
off to the
;
the
over
run
Lady
racing pace
him
round
the
the
hounds
division
right;
cream
the
a
; the
capital
of
the
lasting twenty-five
riding in the first
; took
the fences
at
AND
SPORTS
COMPETITIONS.
149
shire fences
The
neck-or-nothingpace.
take a great deal of gettingover, compellingthose
their
who desire to be in the first flight
to harden
hearts,bustle their horses,and go at them full
in the right place
tilt ; unless their hearts are
and
they keep their hands down they will,in
music
; glorious
sportingparlance,be "nowhere"
of the whole
pack ; full cry ; tally-ho; yoicks;
old dog-fox
so-ho ; chime ; full chime
; a noble
and taking
was
viewed, disdainingall the covers
in full view until the open
to the ride,was
run
was
reached,when, for an hour and a quarter he
went
across
country at a racing pace without a
check, and died before the hounds in the centre
of the pack ; the field overshot
the hounds
; the
fox hung to the covers
and
could not be forced
a
away.
NOTE.
of
reporterrequiredto give an
generallyattends it, remains
A
"
meet
a
hounds
are
of
account
an
ride in the first
likelyto
someone
the
about
difficulty
this
be
Sometimes
the master
a
on
the
whip,
himself
allow
to
in his
account
questions
is
there
any
point
any
clearer information
and
way,
own
may
seem
on
or
dictate
is
any
may
huntsman.
the
such
with
account
will be
descriptionof
proper
preferable
plan
the
from
got
to
flight
the
course,
till the
arranges
Where
run.
afterwards
dictate
covert, and
into
thrown
account
willingto
person
then
which
The
run.
to
to ask
further
give
him
or
necessary.
play-club,long-spoon,
mid-spoon, short-spoon; baffing-spoon,driver,
drivingputter, putter, sand-iron,cleek,niblick ;
GOLF
MATCHES.
"
Club:
150
SPOXTS
stymie ;
links ;
tee ;
caddie
holing ;
short
AND
putt
bunker
;
order
teeing up
long putt ;
to
be
green
bunkered
;
;
played a foursome ; tee
of the putt ; lifting
the
In
putting
;
hazard
;
heeled
COMPETITIONS.
round
-shots ;
;
swiping ;
; dormy ;
;
bunker
in
green
;
foursome
;
brushing
the
;
line
ball ; stroke.
able
write
to
descriptive
a
of any
important contest, or of a match
which, for any specialreason, arouses
a good deal
of local interest,the reporter needs
to go round
the course
with
the players. If not himself
a
of some
the company
golfer,he should secure
friend who is, and who
ments
can
help him with comthe play. He
be careful to
should
on
For
afterwards.
score
ordinary
verify the
is not rea
quired,
matches, where
descriptiveaccount
account
he
necessary
club, or
ascertain
can
the
from
particulars
from
one
results
the records
of the officials who
and
other
at the
golf
arrangedthe
match.
particular
HORSE-RACING.
"
Get
a
race
card
at
the
possiblemoment, together with a spare
slipsfrom the printers,of the day's
copy, or some
Is it an
old-established meeting or
programme.
held?
hunt
"old
fixture,"and how many
years
the card, and
is the chief event
Notice which
on
of the
deal with it accordingly. Get a description
course
(there is generallyan inner and outer
ing,
at hunt
course
meetings). Was the ground holdhorses carried penalties,
? What
or otherwise
earliest
why ? Where did the winners run last ? Get
If for a
the
"figures" in the selling races.
daily,on the previousevening get the order of
and
AND
SPORTS
the
for
running
COMPETITIONS.
151
"
scratchings,
morrow,
night"
over-
entries,etc.
"talent"; bettingfraternity
; supporters;
;
public. Bookmakers
; fielders ; pencillers
The
the
blood
the talent "drew
by ; piloted;
; jockeyed ; in
fraternity. Ridden
Archer
; mounted
up
the
held
strings;
of the fielders
out
astride
on
;
"
owner
; the
up
;
the saddle
;
steered
;
board
;
yielded splendid going ;
heavy going ; light going ; was in good going
order ; holding ; hard ; soft. A strong field of
ten started ; sportedsilk ; were
; faced the
away
coloured
starter ; were
; a
; put in an
appearance
was
the rider.
dozen
beauties
Course
were
;
sent
their way ; came
combatants
; twelve
on
scratch ; made
play
grand parade of twelve runners
to
made
play.
up
;
a
Fall ;
spill; fell a sprawler; a tumble ; had a roll over ;
in an
fell badly ; fell heavily; came
a
cropper
down
a
purler; came
heavily;
overleap; came
about ; rendered
disabled ; badly knocked
was
to grief;proved a vixen ; fractious;
useless;came
displayedbad temper ; refused ; bolted ; reared
and plunged viciously. Betting on and against ;
cross
betting; bled the
Cup produced some
gitimate
talent; hedging, welshers, legitimate and ille-
the N
business.
The
race
;
exciting
straight
; a neck-and-neck
preliminarycanter ; came
finish ;
raced
up
the
the
straight
;
in full of running ; won
he liked ; in a close flutter up the straight
as
; a
brilliant struggle
struggle; racing hard
; exciting
at a
into the bend ; ran
a
perfectwretch ; came
tremendous
rush from
race
up
the distance ; A and
B drew
152
SPORTS
clear away
AND
; in the
COMPETITIONS.
meadows
the Chesterfield
challengedand passed; she came away
in ; made
play at a strong pace and
headed
the
when
close
in
ran
;
three
order
into
drew
placed
meadows
the
home
furlongsfrom
off two
off ;
; beaten
until,etc.
ran
;
was
away
in ;
and cantered
field,
a
order
done
was
;
of the
the
remainder
rattlinggood
;
for
beaten
was
fairlyin
the
from
straight,
open
out
was
never
never
;
beaten
;
was
ning
Rolicky win(a head, neck,
out
clean
was
;
walked
and
the
by the shortest of necks
length, half length, etc. ) ; ran in
was
caught in the last few strides ;
in
mare
ning
run-
hunt
of the
field of 16 ;
and walked
in ; ringing
play ; came
away,
the fences
the changes in the meadows
; fell over
has shown
who
in the meadows
a
; Windermere,
the Selby Stakes
likingfor this course, again won
the way
into
in a walk over
; Beeswing showed
drew up, and
the meadows, when
Merry Duchess
made
after
pressingthe
in ; Diana
made
attendance, who
won
by
half
;
showed
and
fell to
a
pace
took
command
running, with Princess in
pressedher hard in the straight;
length ; Judy ran very ungenerously
the
the Ledbury
rear.
mare
walked
all the
white
Good
divided
at half
feather
retreated ; fell back
the
and
;
finishes
honours
done
was
; in
the distance
the
with
for ;
betting
Rosetta
;
betting was quiet ; brisk transactions ; some
laid (or sacrificed)
Beatrice
on
heavy metal was
for the Croydon Handicap ; the talent sustained
laid on
her ;
a
crushing defeat ; not a cent was
the
betting started even, or with a call ; a
winner
unexpectedlyturned up in Merrythought ;
the
AND
SPORTS
COMPETITIONS.
153
proved the good thing she
Malvern
Stakes
etc. ; Dee
heavy metal behind
proved that the confidence
and
cup,
;
mettle
;
a
most
invested
was
money
her
had
; started
double
;
a
Pulling(holding the
full of running ;
wonderful
endurance
on,
the
for
not
was
favourite ;
warm
for the
looked
Gertrude
placed
mis-
well supported.
was
horse
in) ; pulling
showed
wonderful
to the last ;
; game
strong horse.
information
as
important to get as much
mences,
possiblefrom the secretarybefore the racing comand
the reporter requiringfull particulars
should
be present the previousnight at the
placewhere the entries,order of running, scratchings,etc., are made, altered,and discussed. The
pricesat which the horses in the sellingraces are
sold should be obtained.
The
sale takes place
It is easy to report
immediatelyafter the race.
stood.
race
a
operandi is undermeeting if the modus
The first thing (afterobtaining the preliminaries
mentioned
above) is to get the weights
and names
of the riders as the jockeys are being
weighed by the clerk of the scales. All having
have
a
preliminary
weighed out," the runners
It is
"
canter
; it is
desirable
that while
the reporter should
stand, so
as
the colours
to
marked
to
the
by.
judge
The
in his
place on
to
distinguisheach
horse
on
the card.
a
Then
the
by
start
is
and
carefullywatched
in terse sporting language, being reduced
The
race
being over,
writing at once.
which
effected,
described
get
be
this is in progress
should
should
be
be
asked
how
leading bookmaker
much
will
it
was
supply
won
the
154
SPOKTS
AND
COMPETITIONS.
the periods of weigh
betting. Between
ing out, preliminarycantering,
weighing in, etc.,
there is ample time to write out the particulars
of each event
fully,and to wire results of each
the betting,to several newspapers
race, togetherwith
if necessary.
In reportinga race
meeting
correct
the introduction
is over,
the
may
be written
of each
being
in proper sportingparlance. The
that influenced the bettingshould
prominent
commented
after the business
on
considerations
features
race
be
given,and the luck and defeat of the favourites
Mention
the closest event
what was
pointed out.
of the day, and
give greatest prominence in the
the card.
comments
to the principalrace
on
JUDGING
PUPPIES."
The
AND
OF
HOUNDS,
is judged every spring
new
entry of young hounds
at the kennels,when
for the
prizesare awarded
and
best puppies "walked"
by tenant-farmers
others during the season.
Has the health of the pack been good throughout
the year ?
the distemper broken
Has
out
the
among
duringthe
hounds
of foxes have
How
?
many
during the season
now
closing? How
packs (of twenty-six
many
"entry"?
couples)are there, including the new
braces
blood
Of what
who
year
* '
"
?
persons
puppies
fail to
Do
not
who
walked
of the clams and
Describe
the
(This can
be
necessary,
or
killed
the hounds
are
walked
been
year
the
sires of
?
Are
last year
get
young
the
any
of those
successful
names
hounds.
of
this
the
Names
winning dogs and bitches.
points of the winning hounds.
got from the judges afterwards, if
by interviewing the huntsman.)
156
SPORTS
six games
called deuce
AND
by
COMPETITIONS.
; L
beat
C
It is unnecessary,
of
of the
four, many
to
by
sets to love.
two
in the
even
being
games
important
most
ance,
tournaments, for the reporter to be in attend-
taking
describe
every
of
note
the
volley would
To
throughout.
game,
make
a
report tedious
At the close of the proordinary reader.
ceedings
the umpire or secretary will always be
ready to dictate,or to give sufficient information
duction.
the reporter to frame, a suitable introto enable
The
followingis the correct way to
report the scoring:
to the
"
GENTLEMEN'S
Messrs.
H.
Miles Wood,
SINGLES
Pulling,H.
and
Price, 2 bisques; Rev.
H.
Captain Arch
Raikes, 15.
dale. Rev.
First
J. H.
Wood
Wood
(scratch);
Mr.
Whitefoord,half 15 ;
Lander, and Major S.
J.
Round
Pulling beat
(6-4)(retired).
Dr.
Pulling,Yenables,
P.
H.
Mr.
G.
J. H.
Dr.
(Handicap).
:
Captain
beat
Mr.
Archdale
Venables
(2-6)
(5-6) (6-1)
(6-4).
Miles Wood
Mr.
beat
Mr.
H.
Major S. Napier Raikes
(6-4)(6-3).
H. G. Pulling beat
Mr.
(6-3)(6-4).
OTTER
river ?
Was
the
HUNT.
Are
there
fishermen
Have
river
the river and
"
"
beat
Rev.
many
(6-1)(6-2)
Rev.
P.
or
was
otherwise.
it
J. Lander
Whitefoord
otters
complained
flooded,
scenery
Price
of
in the
them
?
Describe
rocky,sandy, shal-
SPORTS
COMPETITIONS.
AND
157
low, deep,wide, narrow,
or
what
what
?
Where
time
? Had
thereabouts
on
the hunt
Was
hounds
the
meet,
and
Where
had
running through gorges,
the dogs put on, and at
were
otter been padded or marked
an
the previous day or
recently?
down
or
up
how
?
did
Where
morning of the
they conveyed thither ?
were
hunting last ? When
from
come
stream
were
they been
the
on
invitation
last ? At whose
they on this water
did they come
How
?
long after the start did
the spot.
the hounds
speak to an otter ? Name
did the kill
the hunt
Describe
fully. Where
it a
take
tailed the otter ? Was
place? Who
dog or lady otter ; its weight,and was it flungto
taken off)
the dogs (afterthe pads and mask
were
How
?
not
or
otters
many
killed ?
were
DITCHING,
PLOUGHING, HEDGING,
AND
OTHER
ground held ? How
fields occupiedby the competitions? What
many
fields
the
are
barley
clover, leys, wheat, or
is the quality of the
stubbles,or what ? What
class did the best
work ? and
point out which
COMPETITIONS.
On
"
whose
"
work.
Give
and
how
work
?
Name
is held.
dinner
were
farmers'
of
sons
peting,
com-
did
quality of the
the society's
of the hotel where
is
Any cottagers'prizes? Who
maker's
the land ? What
ploughs
competitors,and
the
number
such
they plough ? What
done in the boys' class ?
was
Any hedging
ditchingcompetitions,and, if so, number of
and
work
the
occupierof
the
most
ploughing
"
time ?
what
Nature
of
Conditions
?
numerous
is it half
the
was
an
the
within
of
the
what
acre,
and
soil
gravelly,loamy,
"
158
SPORTS
what
clayey, or
"weather
classes
should
What
?
effect has
laud
the
upon
were
COMPETITIONS.
AND
How
?
classes ?
open
The
the
present
of
many
the
list of awards
be
carefullycopied after the ploughing is
over.
Any prizesfor the best turns-out ? Whose
the best, and
what
colour
pair of horses were
were
they ? Any prizes for farms, and, if so,
list of farms entered, and why was
the winner
the prize?
awarded
The
list of awards
and the judges' names
are,
of course, the most
important points. Answers
to the foregoing
questionswill be needed in order
to write a detailed introduction.
The
reporter
should
also
the
consult
farmers
on
give useful information.
detailed
a
report is required,the
of the society,
the judges,and the occupier
names
of the land, togetherwith the number
of competitors,
total value
of prizes,number
of fields
occupied by the competitions,and the nature of
the soil,with the effect of the weather
the
on
in addition
to
land, will generallybe sufficient,
The
list of
and
the prize-list
a
programme.
from one
of the implement
"makes
is obtained
the ground.
makers'
on
agents or representatives
of the maker
It is their practiceto enter the name
of every plough in a book
kept by them for the
ground,
Except where
who
substantial
some
will
"
With
purpose.
reportercan
the
add
to the
in the list of awards
plough.
the end
An
of the
aid
the
of
name
name
one
of these
of each
lists the
prize-winner
of the maker
of his
hour
generallyintervenes between
judging and the public dinner in
the evening,and
this is the best
time
to
find
AND
SPORTS
the
secretary
to
COMPETITIONS.
get the
159
other
and
prize-list
information.
interestingto state that, in some
the judges like to see the furrows well
districts,
on
edge, while in other places they preferround
the symmetry or reguAll depends on
furrows.
larity
their uniform
of the furrows, and
depth.
and a
back
Each competitorhas to turn
up a
A common
"rean," or two backs and a rean.
fault is that of making the ridge too high in the
back, misjudging the finish,or not "gathering
and nice regularity
in compact form
the reans
from
beginning to finish. The utilityof long
short ones,
and
of wheel
boards
over
ploughs
bated
versus
swings, are points that are generallydeat these meetings.
to publish
It is customary with weekly papers
of
those
the
names
present at the dinner.
'
turn up
at
Reportersoften find it sufficient to
the hotel about an hour before the dinner to get
tive,
all particulars.But on a fine day it is instrucinteresting,and pleasant to get on the
the
competitions, discuss
ground and witness
with
them
an
intelligentand good-natured
the principalvisitors to
farmer, and accompany
It may
be
"
"
"
"
'
the homestead
REGATTA.
to
Get
luncheon.
which
will
give
of the officers,
viz. : Commodore, judge,
the names
starter, stewards, and particularsof the prizes.
of the
It is important to inquire whether
any
and
vessels competing are reputed prize-winners,
the time of
to bring that out in the report ; and
be forgotten. Description
not
each boat must
"
programme,
160
SPORTS
of the
AND
What
courses.
Names
colours.
signalsare
of
commands
who
COMPETITIONS.
?
the
used ?
"station"
of
Any
the
Deciding
boats,
and
yachts got
Get weights
flyingjibs,and if so, what sort ?
of yachts, sailing boats, and
other
craft competing,
before proceedingscommence,
if possible.
These
particularsshould be on the programme.
and the time taken
Get prize-winnerscorrectly,
by each vessel in the competition. Are there any
yachts or other craft competing bearing any
is the allowance
of
specialreputation? What
for tonnage?
What
restrictions as to the
time
of tonnage ? Are lots drawn
for stations ?
amount
sails
What
each craft.
the
names
brief
carried ?
are
What
of the builders
descriptionof
Stem
is the
; stern
each
; rudder
port helm (turn to the
rudder) ; mast ; sails ;
Number
of
hands
on
signalfor starting? Get
of winning boats, and a
of them.
; starboard
(to the right);
left); tiller (handle of the
and
spindle; spars ;
bowsprit; main-mast
; top-mast ; flyingsails ;
shrouds
boom
(jiband fore-sail before the
; main
mast, the main-sail behind); yachts ; half-decker;
boat (has a fore-sail and a main -sail)
;
open sailing
athwart
(across); ballast ; bearings (directionof
the vessel); davits ; draught (depth of the vessel
under
water) ; fenders ; forecastle ; gangway
;
grapnel (small anchor) ; hatchway ; hatches ;
helm
to the wind) ;
; tiller ; luff (to steer near
lurch
side); scudding (running
(rollingon one
before the wind) ; under
weigh (starting)
; tack
without
(to make a decided change in the course
(path which the vessel makes
wearing) ; wake
vane
SPORTS
AND
l6l
COMPETITIONS.
behind
round in the opposite
her) ; wear (to come
direction to tacking); beatingup (sailing
against
the wind, thus having the wind always "on
the
quarter." The wind is "on the starboard tack,"
when
blowing "on the starboard quarter" ; this
is called "the
weather
side," and the opposite
che lee."
If the wind
the port side
blows on
the vessel is said to be "on
the port tack" ; the
side."
When
"port" side is then the "weather
in steeringshe is brought near
the wind, she is
"
said to "luff"
; and
when
further from
ing
it, "wear-
is said to be
away." To "luff" the helm
"put up"; when
"bearing away" it is "put
down," or is "a lee." In order to beat up, the
"hauled
well in"; shaped her
gib sheets are
windward
to
course
the boats
all
were
shrouds
rail carried
on
ashore
ran
;
fouling;
the port
;
carried
away
side ; lost her
the
starboard
her topmast ; close hauled
; craft ;
over
;
as
a
sea
;
gale;
the
away
on
the
mud
;
sprit
her bow-
bowsprit;
side ; sprung
; heeled
canvas
swamped ; calm ; becalmed ; placid; calm
lake ; squall; squally; breeze ; slopping
swell ; ground swell ; heavy ground sea ;
storm
;
hurricane
reefingdown ;
competitionwould
Head
on
the
wind
; wind
so
calm
become
was
gusty ;
that it
a
was
sitated
neces-
feared
driftingmatch.
ings
bringingher to her moor; all canvas
ready for setting; not able to
bear her canvas
vas;
; carrying a great spread of canthe eight-oaredoutrigger had
a
powerful
and
evenly-matched crew, directed by an able
coxswain, and sweeps
along like a well-made
machine
; the handy pairkept going in a regular
to
;
l62
SPORTS
swing
tack
and
to
raced
beating up
beating up
wind
seafaringman
from
on
whom
new-comer
of the
;
yachts
river ; carrying the
against the wind ;
against a heavy sea
sail-over.
board
is
the staff should
on
;
able
generallyavail-
interestingbits of criticism
Before writing out his report,
be obtained.
may
a
;
ahead
darts
the
across
strong head
a
A
fro
of sails ;
wearing;
and
COMPETITIONS.
long light skiff ;
;
whitest
AND
and
turn
the file
over
exactly in what form
previous reports have been
given. A dinner
generallyfollows the day's contests.
ETC.
Endurance
RUNNING,
WALKING,
;
pluck ; stayingpowers ; spirited; rash ; flurried ;
staying qualities; muscular
; thoroughly fit ;
splendid vigour ; in good form and training;
took
things easy at the start ; bolted to the
front ; came
spread out ; ran
; pulled,or
away
newspaper,
see
"
from
away
attended
the
out
soon
winded
slacken
the
in all
other
near
cases
The
strain
;
began
could
not
; fell to the
done
was
to
tell ;
maintain
rear
for ;
was
obliged
the pace
;
at half distance.
also be
"
to
look
of the way
customarilyset
introduction
;
given
Names
of the favourites ; handicap
:
by, and protests made
(if
length won
reporter may be recommended, as in
cases,
sure
with
terms
cluster ; others
well up ;
close finish ; retired ;
or
running
speed ;
to
came
should
followingparticulars
distance ;
any).
;
a
; the
of condition
The
make
pace
of
soon
out
in
ran
;
pressed the
to
others ;
in
out
to
up the file of his paper
in which
Athletic sports are
in it.
minion,
Some
and
newspapers
programme
in
give
non-
164
ETC.
ACCIDENTS)
What
sort of coal is worked
Was
electrical-driven
an
"
used
man
is the manager
Who
overman
Was
the
what
are
the
Who
for
used
at the
scene
the
were
upon
is the
it been
worked
there
Has
if
and
from
the pit?
ventilating
pit'smouth.
the explosion being
How
What
down
went
the
Was
penetrate ?
?
first volunteered
men
many
?
Meco
the result ?
was
pit,and
size of the
long has
how
?
been
an
when,
so,
Who
?
explorers
breathingapparatus used
What
been
?
to go down
?
far did
they
How
have
?
first done
was
discovered
?
explosionlikelyto
means
What
"iron
?
or
fire-damp,
Describe
pit?
or
coal-getter
?
Who
What
in tho
explosionin
and
how
this
many
pit before,
were
then
killed ?
Was
it in full work
Who
is the
at the time
of tho accident
inspectorfor
Government
?
the district
?
Who
are
his assistants
?
and find out inspector's
log-book,if possible,
last entry in it.
Get from timekeeper,
the numor other official,
ber
of colliers,
ters,
cuttimbermen, haulers,bottom
labourers, door-boys, hitchers, overmen,
etc. employed in the pit.
masons,
Get list of missing as soon
as
possible.
Get narratives of any survivors without delay.
See
,
Names
of doctors
in attendance
?
the
Among
and
killed
165
ETC.
ACCIDENTS,
have
injured, who
families ?
Whose
body
first brought to bank
was
of the bodies.
Describe
the appearance
were
they taken
Where
Any
Total
to press
others
or
men,
?
of condolence
messages
(fordaily),and
royalty,public
recovered
up
to
DAY.
for the
search
going
still missing?
number
SECOND
Further
from
?
of bodies
number
?
of
bodies,giving names
and the results.
exploringparties,
Who
directed operations?
visit.
Inspector's
State
of the rescued
?
State of
pit?
Arrangements for
relief of survivors
and
tressed
dis-
families ?
Visit
and
hospital,
Who
attends
Describe
When
it.
the sick ?
the most
critical cases.
the funerals ?
are
Incidents"
such
Complete list of
as
outside the
When
and
where
will be the
escapes, etc.
narrow
killed ?
Scenes
who
describe
pit?
will the
coroner
inquestbe held, and
?
Theories
respectingthe explosion?
Repairsof workings?
THIRD
Funerals
Distribution
?
Repairsof
of relief?
DAY.
the
pit?
Further
Particulars
of
search
?
subscrip-
1
66
ETC.
ACCIDENTS,
of the
deaths ?
injured? Any more
the pit sealed up ? Any public meetings ?
Was
of pit done towards the relief?
What
have owners
Pit ; colliery
; mine
; heading ; stall workings ;
working place; seam
; level ; shaft ; borings;
drift ; up-cast shaft ; down-cast
drift ; bottom
shaft ; chair ; gearing ; cage ; water winch
; cage; output ;
rope ; winding gear ; coal measures
day-shift
; trams
; mine
; mineral
; night-shift
;
naked
lights;
; lamps ;
; tram-roads
waggons
coal (the
safety lamp ; blasting; bituminous
most
inflammable); anthracite coal ; house and
tions ?
steam
State
coal ; burnt
; scorched
;
scalded ; cauterised
burnt off the bones.
literally
be given beyond
instructions
Few
can
practical
The
officials at the colliery
those suggested above.
the day of the accident are generallyvery
on
have
to be gathered
reticent,and the particulars
An old man
who
sources.
chieflyfrom extraneous
be found, who
will
in the pit may
has worked
liery,
respectingthe colgive interestinginformation
and
A
previous explosions there.
any
policeman who has been long in the district may
able
add to such information
; but it is always desirflesh ; flesh
to
interview
some
escaped,or happened
the
not
of
the
to have
workmen
been
who
in the shift
The
catastrophe occurred.
of these is found out
earlier the most
intelligent
retained
throughout the day),
(and his company
The engine-manand others should be
the better.
questionedas soon as possibleabout the accident
from
them
to get the fullest information
as
so
before they are put on their guard by the manager.
at
work
when
167
ETC.
ACCIDENTS)
Ascertain
precisetime
and
place
See vehicles if possible.
collision occurred.
when
from
Get particulars
Describe them.
policeman
Interview
who
reportedthe incident.
nesses
eye-witof accident ?
of
Names
if possible.Cause
attended
drivers ?
Any persons injured? Who
Result of medical
tion
examina?
to their injuries
State of thoroughfare
at time of accident ?
?
and
Ascertain at policestation nature
FIRE.
of fire. "What buildingis on fire ? Name
extent
discovered the fire
of occupierand owner
? Who
time was
time ? At what
the
and at what
first,
alarm
given to the brigade,and by what time
of the fire?
Was
it a
did they reach the scene
fire engine? What
steam
stage had the fire reached
in command
when the brigadearrived ? Who
was
there a plentiful
Was
of the brigade?
supply of
?
water
Many spectatorspresent,and did they
COLLISIONS.
"
"
render
any
assistance
?
How
inmates
many
were
all escape ? Any injured? Any part
of the furniture or contents
saved, and how?
Any
there ?
Did
If
plate,jewelry,etc., burnt?
valuable
of the most
a
factory,get particulars
plant,machinery, or stock,destroyed? Any books
valuable
or
papers,
papers saved
amount
What
insured,and
Cause
?
of
of the fire ?
damage
in what
done
office ?
?
For
Is the
what
building
amount
?
building? Is it of stone or
In what part of the buildingdid the fire
brick ?
If in a town, what
?
premises did it
originate
the fire got under
?
Had
was
soon
join? How
If a
the premises before ?
fire on
there been
a
of the family.
residence,interview members
private
Is it
an
old
or
new
1
68
fire at
have
lost their tools.
To
If
rooms.
principal
of
factory,ascertain
a
ETC.
',
to contents
servants, as
or
a
ACCIDENTS
wh ether
the workmen
part of the building
what
brigademainly devote their efforts ? Copy
report entered by the captainin his book kept for
did the
the purpose,
after the fire.
RAILWAY
and
Where
If
the
and
trains
two
both
luggage,or
Times
what
did the accident
when
collision,what
a
were
ACCIDENTS.
stations
its nature
was
which
collided
passenger
?
?
What
passenger
"
trains ?
they left previous stations, and at
due at the next
they respectively
when
time
happen
were
?
Any damage
of the
Cause
to
of
way,
platforms,etc.
disaster.
Descriptionof
Number
permanent
the
of the accident.
scene
coaches
composing
wrecked
the
train ?
How
injured,and
injuries.
many
Describe
Get
list of casualties
Next
as
statement
get
the
in
how
train.
are
the
injuredtaken
Where
are
the
bodies
are
killed ?
quickly as possible.
from
eye-witnesses, or
passengers
Where
Who
many
the medical
?
of the killed
men
placed?
present ?
Any escaped uninjured?
What
guard
What
became
of the
part of
the train suffered most
engine-driver,
fireman,and
?
Leading
officials present ?
?
?
Who
the first to render
was
How
many
From
to where
and
accidents
Any
NOTE.
should
In
"
booked
of them
most
were
accident
railway
himself
make
in the train ?
?
this line before ?
on
a
assistance ?
were
passengers
169
ETC.
ACCIDENTS)
known
the
the
to
reporter
injured passengers
him, but not to the
officials. A policeman on the spot will often give
information,if spoken to at an opportune moment.
If one of the porters,or better still a pointsman,
be questioned,
without his superiors
can
knowing,
A railway
he
will give the best information.
in compiling
assistance
time-table will prove
an
the report.
able to
with
converse
SHIPWRECKS.
Get
of
names
vessels, and
both
how
state
laden.
which
From
bound
port
each
was
laden, and
where
?
Names
of
captains.
Sizes of vessels.
Exact
spot where
What
part
State
whether
collision took
of vessel
struck ?
was
vessels
place.
outward
were
or
ward
home-
bound.
what
From
of
Names
What
How
has
What
when
blowing ?
of the vessels ?
become
occur
effects of it
watch
was
the wind
owners.
did collision
Describe
What
quarter was
was
the
on
first
?
fully.
deck
?
thing done
the collision became
imminent
the
on
'\
vessel
ETC.
ACCIDENTS,
170
Was
there
once
?
high sea on ?
either side ?
Was
there any signalling
on
it foggy ?
Was
In what
part was the disabled ship struck ?
the part of the vessel struck stove in ?
Was
vessel begin to fill with water
Did the sunken
at
How
long
settled down
If
a
it after
was
sank
and
collision that
she
?
the effect of the collision
steamer, describe
a
the
the boilers,etc.
on
Number
of
Number
and
Any
each vessel.
on
crew
of lives lost.
names
How
either vessel ?
board
on
passengers
?
many
age of
State
and
vessels,
classed at
how
Lloyd's,
etc.
STORMS.
"
list of the
For
"
Haydn's Dictionaryof
breeze ;
Fresh
hurricane
an
;
greatest
ugly night ;
a
strong puffsof wind
:
wind
tornado
fearful, or
;
see
Dates."
squall; high
whirlwind
storms
gale; storm ;
; blowing hard ;
terrible
night ;
;
gusty.
Trough of the sea ; ground swell ; sloppy sea ;
lumpy sea ; a boiling sea ; vessels beating up
against the wind, or in the gale ; pitchingand
high
; billows
Avaters
;
;
fierce
waters
;
vessel ;
havoc
causingfrightful
roar
of
the
sea
mountain
waves
; surges
;
chopping
;
spray
;
foaming billows ; splashing of
tempest ; roaring deep ; the blast ;
surf ; breakers
the
of the
rushes
floating;
;
violence of the storm
; boisterous
weather
; terrible
172
STRIKES
Cause
of
What
terms
are
What
terms
have
Have
there
been
Who
?
Full
How
Compare
the
masters
Do
the
men
there
the
In
the
?
answer
the
in
?
wages
?
week
would
of
the
works
reduction
a
the
with
place
elsewhere.
the
to
the
to
association
union
decided
been
already
in
wages
belong
of
proportion
the
?
?
on
men
by
the
?
men
willing
to
?
strike
the
Do
their
dispute.
time
rate
work
to
the
to
representative
present
belong
has
return
the
similar
at
Do
Is
of
per
the
paid
What
?
?
to
those
been
chief
full
much
amount
has
?
accept
made
overtures
what
men's
work
they
to
offered
masters
any
men's
the
are
Do
Is
the
particulars
What
willing
men
him.
see
"
the
if so,
the
is
matter
strike.
present
and
masters,
LOCK-OUTS.
AND
likely
men
get
last
strike
any
at
to
last
relief
the
long
?
?
place,
which
side
mitted
sub-
?
Names
the
masters.
of
the
deputation
appointed
to
wait
on
TRESS
ABBREVIATIONS.
PR"SS
ABBREVIATIONS.
INDEX.
PAGES
Accidents
163
AgriculturalShows
Archery
126
140
Art
...
...
...
...
...
102
Exhibition
ArtilleryCompetition,
86
etc
74
Assizes...
...
Aviation
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
112
Meetings
56
Balls
58
Bazaars
...
...
...
...
...
26
of Guardians
Board
140
Boat-racing
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
24
Councils
Borough
liO
Bowls
Buildings, Public,
Chess
39
etc
141
Matches
Christmas
Church
and
and
Church
33
Chapel Opening
...
...
...
...
92
Services
...
Club
95
Decorations
Easter
...
59
Anniversaries
...
...
...
...
Coaching
141
Colliery Explosions
163
27
Meetings
Company
139
Competitions
Coming
of
51
Age
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
114
Concerts
...
...
...
...
29
Conferences
Confirmation
Congresses
Services
96
29
176
INDEX.
PAGE
61
Conversazione...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
79
Court
Coroner's
...
CorporationMeetings
County Councils
County Courts
Coursing
24
24
76
142
Cricket
144
Cycling
144
Deaths
Funerals
and
of Public
48
Men
...
50
Dinners
...
Divine
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
92
Services
Dramatic
121
Performances
26
Committee
Education
...
118
Eisteddfodau
98
Elections
Electric
Lighting
Embarkation
of Troops, etc.
Encampments...
...
...
...
...
45
...
...
...
...
...
...
88
87
Exhibitions
101
Fires
167
135
Shows
Flower
145
Football
Foundation
and
Memorial
Stone
Laying
36
...
146
Foxhounds
Freemasonry
62
...
...
...
...
...
Friendly Societies
32
Funerals
48
Garden
Golf
61
Parties
149
Matches
..
177
INDEX.
PAGE
94
Thanksgiving
Harvest
68
High Court Trials
Horse-racing
150
Horticultural Shows
135
(Judgingthe Puppies)
Hunting (Fox-hunting)
Hounds
Lawn
Tennis
Laying a
Learned
...
146
81
Review
Vessel
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
36
Stone
Foundation
29
Societies
64
...
...
...
...
78
...
62
Masonic
Gatherings
MilitaryFunctions
...
...
...
...
MunicipalElections
...
...
...
...
ParliamentaryElections
Petty Sessions...
PloughingMatches
...
156
98
...
...
...
67
157
Police Courts
67
...
...
...
...
Press Abbreviations
Public
100
39
Opening of Churches,etc
Otter Hunting
Meetings
81
109
Exhibitions
Political
40
155
...
LegalProceedings
LicensingMeetings
Motor
154
79
Inquests
and
Inspection
Launchinga
...
23
173
Meetings
16
Quarter Sessions
72
M
178
INDEX.
PAQE
Railway Accidents
Railways(Opening)
Regattas
Functions
Religious
RevisingBarrister
Revival Meetings
Royal Visits
Running
168
41
159
90
80
96
46
162
Rural District Councils
...
...
...
Shipwrecks
24
169
Social Functions
50
Sports
139
Storms
170
Strikes
171
Tennis
155
Theatricals
121
Tramways
...
Unveilingof Statues
Urban
Councils
Walking
Weddings
...
...
...
...
44
37
24
162
52
The
A
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Graduated
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how
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how
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oversee
do
palpitateswith actuality. It won't
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THE CARD INDEX SYSTEM
the Card
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Index
an
indisputable position,and opens
System has now
and untold fields for its application in all
limitless possibilities
out
As
activities. The
the aid
Here
adjunct
valuable
a
of 25
are
a
and
to commercial
subject is exhaustivelytreated
Diagrams.
few brief Press
extracts
selected
in
at random
with
pages,
119
.""
practical information.
Budget:" Full of real and exhaustive
Will suggest hitherto untold-of
Manufacturer
:"
phases to the user.
Mail (New Zealand) : Alert, bright, and
Oamaru
crisp ; written by an expert.
in a readable
in its fullest extent
Described
The Baker
style.
:"
Daily Telegraph :" Have been of great assistance.
and
Reliable
News
Financial
:"
thoroughly up-to-date.
before.
something he did not know
Glasgow Citizen :" Tells a business man
the
:"The
first
News
on
subject.
London
livingauthority
Evening
with good business
ideas.
from
The
Emanates
Plumber
a man
:
Brimful
of suggestions, and thoroughly up-to-date.
Times
Bristol
:
find
it advantageous.
would
not
few people who
There
News-Letter
:"
Belfast
are
Weekly
Shoe
"
"
"
Irish Grocer
Western
confers.
of suggestions and
the
(Australia)-."Shows
Brimful
:"
Mail
Advertising
Even
:"
the
most
wisdom.
advantages
numerous
experienced
can
find
something
the
system
illuminating
here.
of singular usefulness.
it.
heartily recommend
The
Watchmaker:"
Extremely attractive and inspiring.
Well
worth
The
Grocer
:"
reading.
lead to a wide
Should
Dundee
Advertiser
adoption of the system,
:"
Daily Post -."Full of practical hints.
Birmingham
The
Christian
:"
English Mechanic
Each
book
Will
:"
be found
We
can
I/- net
; Cloth
1/6 net, post free*
PRACTICAL
KITES
AEROPLANES:
and
Illustrated
"
Fellow
FREDERICK
of the Society of Patent
Practical
11
Should
Work
"
"
net.
of immense
C.E.,
Member
Agents^
Associate
Institute.
of the
and Use of Kites and Aeroplanes.
the Construction
on
prove
THEH-
WORK
WALKER,
Aeronautic
A
"
AND
MAKE
by Forty-three Carefully Prepared Diagrams.
Cloth, 1/6
By
TO
HOW
interest.
Fascinated
.
me
vastly."
To-Day.
"
Extremely
useful manual."
SYSTEMATIC
MEMORY;
OR,
HOW
AND
A
TO
BAD
MEMORY
GOOD,
BETTER
MACLAREN.
EDITION.
IMPROVED
AND
is a priceless blessing, It materially increases
superior memory
and
is of the utmost
to profit by experience, and
to
learn,
ability
value
"
A
MEMORY
T.
ENLARGED
A
MAKE
GOOD
By
the
English Mechanic.
"
to
do
I
any
not
would
business
man
or
woman.
believe in elaborate
memory
do well to read Maclaren's
but
systems,
'
T.
Price
TALKING
J/- net
pondent
corres"
P.
O'Connor.
AND
USEP-
Cloth, J/6.
j
MACHINES
RECORDS.
and
my
Systematic Memory.'
.
By
S.
R.
.
.
BOTTONE.
Fully Illustrated*
Cloth, 1/6
The
net.
information
conveyed in this book will enable anyone
to form
intelligent conception of the principles of the talking machine,
record of any
sound
and to make
be it noise or music,
a
speech or
howl
and to reproduce the same
at the will of the operator.
Full and
clear
by carefully-prepared drawings,
directions, accompanied
art
but efficient and complete instrument.
given for making
a simple
an
"
"
KNOW.
TO
"Contains
information."
Should
"
Day.
every-day business
book."
Sheffield
Independent.
and
plained.
lucidlyexupon
is touched
HertfordshireGazette.
"
A
little desk
detail of business
"
To-
of
amount
welcome
most
a
Cloth, 1/6 net
Mail.
Daily
be
"Every
"
promise of its title.""
considerable
a
"
OUGHT
J/- net?
fulfilsthe
"Amply
"
MAN
BUSINESS
A
WHAT
useful little book."
most
Contains
a
of
number
vast
"
People'sJournal.
hints and suggestions."
Blackburn
"
11
Full of very
A
"The
practicaldetails."
splendid little handbook."
makes
use
youth who
wonder
to
principals
HOW
he
where
TO
"
"
"
"
"
Very useful. "" The
A capitalbook.""
Most
"
valuable.
hints."
Golden
Many
of hints."
The
Full of revelations."
Full of useful
Valuable
Assistant.
Baker.
Printer.
helpful."" Daily Mail.
"
hints."
hints."
"
Rapid
"
The
"
Review.
Scotsman.
Universal
Provider.
A
most
"
A
The
good shilling's-worth.""
11
Should
"
useful
prove
book."
very
"
Dundee
welcome.""
Courier.
Chemist.
The
his
Christian.
BUSINESS.
Whig.
British
Practical
"
The
"
Grocer.
British
"
"
"
"
and
trained."
was
certainly cause
Cloth, 1/6 net.
;
Grocers'
"
it will
Baker.
useful hints."
Brimful
of
Northern
"
Advertiser.
Morning
"
MORE
DO
\l* net
"
Times.
The
"
Times.
Draper.
The
Art
Pleasant
Made
Photography
A
Work,
Practical
Easy Guide
This
book
pointing
Is
attempt
an
out
to
The
hobby.
simple manner,
clear
and
and
forming
Camera
an
Work.
the would-be
photographer by
need not be
a difficult and
encourage
is not
gives the
author
expensive
an
in
Beginner
that photography
to him
Easy
written,
pleasantly
the
for
of
steers
instruction
necessary
clear
of
all
in
a
and
ambiguities
non-essentials.
CONTENTS.
words
about
Photographyand
Fixer"
Developer
Paper
The
Room"
Dark
"Toning"
Washing"
Management
Lamps"
of the Camera"
View"
the
Choosing
a
Making
Exposurethe
Plate"
Mishaps"
Printing"
Toning
Developing"
Drying
How
Make
the
Print"
Other
to
a
Apparatus"
"Mounting
Permanent
Dark
Room"
Choice
of an
Illumlnant"
Weights
and
Measures"
Instantaneous
Optics and
Light" Focusing"
doWhat
What
do"
cannot
Photographs"
may
you
you
Portraiture"
Interiors"
Vignetting
Intensifying" Reducing"
"Lantern
Slides" Colouring
Lantern
Slides"
Enlarging"
Introductory"
Choice
of
A
monitory
few
Apparatus"
Plates"
Index.
"
find
We
it
just the
thing
to
put
into
Pleasantly written, it
pointing
to
Crown
"A
of
hands
of
amateurs.
another,
gradually
on-"
step
progresses
the
and
in
difficulties,
beginner how
plain language telling
them.
It is a clear and
concise
guide to the simpler
out
overcome
branches
the
from
photography."
8vo, 120
reliable
Leisure
"
Hour.
pages,
price I/-net
guide
to
the
to
use
; Art
Linen,
of the
Boards,
1/6
net.
Petrol Engine/'
Ransome's
Motor
With
27
Cycling
Diagrams
"
Half-Tone
Illustrations.
will be found
This
indispensable to
practical book
to
is intelligent enough
who
the amateur
to wish
know
the engine
his
all zbout
which
drives
cycle*
his
motor'car,
or
his
launch.
I/- net.
Can
Shorthand?
I Learn
An
Advocacy for Postal Lessons.
Hlbr* Guflbert
flMtman
to
that
desires
'jfO
order
to
demand
announce
T1IH6
he
instruction
"
IS
DO
wttb
arranged
for
which
easily,
can
learn
pleasantly
art
useful
most
and
time
of
minimum
a
private
of
post, by
this
write
to
in
students
and
quickly,
has
by
intending
*
Tuition
system
complete
a
increasing
Postal
for
Shorthand
__.
the
meet
in
trouble.
of being
able
extent
due
inseparable
wonderful,
logical, and
a
from
so
facile
a
tion,
dicta-
from
letters
down
to
seductive
to the
fascination
take
to
is
shorthand
of
certain
method
popularity
universal
Tne
CL
^
make
correspondence,
replies to important
ful
from
extracts
books, notes at a lecture" all with wonderis
modern
business
that
But
it
and
rapidity.
ease
demand
for
for the
and
is responsible
great
growing
The
time
is not far distant
when
shorthand.
a
youth
draft
will
stand
little chance
of
of shorthand
as
ignorant
unable
to add
as one
up a column
obtaining employment
of figures" in fact, no
other
position in an office offers
He
that
of a stenographer.
than
greater
advantages
into
comes
has
close
business
advance
careers
A
tfjr
*"
employer's
the
as
leading
principal, and
his
is watchful
interests, he
men
if he
of opportunities
is bound
of
the
of
shorthand
to
country
to
get
began
on.
their
shorthand-clerks.
thorough
assurance
with
ability, and
his
of
Some
contact
knowledge
of honourable
independence,
is
always
and
to
an
those
seeking
means
for
self-support, the small
outlay
postal tuition is money
well laid out.
Further, the study
is quite an
education
in itself, and
it is not rare
to find
two
or
more
of one
members
family taking it up as an
and
entertaining
And
delightful pastime.
remember
a
of