1. No category

How to write your
First Draft
By Christy Solines
Review topics
of your booklet
What´s step
1 of the
writing process?
“Choose the appropriate
topic”
We are usually temped to
choose “general topics” that
could need many pages to
develop.
That´s not convenient.
Select 2 topics that are OK for writing an
essay. Support your answer.
a.- Global Warming
b.- Online relationships
c.- Hi5 a source of online dating for
Ecuadorian teens from 12 to 16 years
old.
d.- Ways to control obesity in Ecuadorian
children.
e.- Sun energy on Earth
f.- Plagiarism detection.
Characteristics:
•
•
•
•
Specific
Not ambiguos
Clear for your audience
Not broad.
Write your essay topic.
If it is specific,
you win the point
Next step:
R _ _ _ _ R_ _
RESEARCH
Name at least 3 primary or
secondary sources
you can get
your information from
Sources should be:
• Clear
• Reliable
• Varied (at least 3)
What´s step 3 of the
writing process?
THE OUTLINE
What´s the
purpose/objective of
an outline?
Your outline includes:
• Term definition in the first
paragraph.
• Topics you will cover in your
essay will be organized in
paragraphs.
• Paragraphs are represented by
letters.
This is how an outline looks like
Topic: _________________________________
I. Introduction (initial paragraph)
A.- Define terms (paragraph 1 of the body)
a) Professional opinion 1
b) Professional opinion 2
B.- Topic 2 (paragraph 2)
a) Supportive details or examples
b) Supportive details or examples
C.- Topic 3 (paragraph 3) a) Supportive details or
examples
b) Supportive details or examples
D.- Survey (paragraph 4)
a) Conditions (number of people, questions)
b) Results
E.- Topic (Paragraph 5)
a) Supportive details or examples
b) Supportive details or examples
II. Conclusion
Repeat main points you analyzed and conclude based on those.
You already have your outline.
Focus on the first part of it
INTRODUCTION
What´s the purpose of an
introduction?
What should it include ?
Two MAGICAL ways
to write
the INTRODUCTION
The Orderly way…
The Quotation way….
In the following lines, we will deal with……First, we will explain …………..
Then, we will refer to….. Later, we will exemplify…… After that, we will stress…
Finally, we will give/state…..
Example: Topic: Hitler´s treatment of the Jews during World War II
In the following lines, we will deal with Hitler‟s treatment of the Jews during
World War II. First, we will explain some historical facts related to this topic.
Then, we will refer to Hitler´s attitudes toward the Jews. Later, we will exemplify
Hitler´s actions against them. After that, we will stress some consequences of
these actions. Finally, we will state our opinion about this issue.
“
“(
). In the following lines you will read about……
First, we will explain….. Then, we will deal with…. Later, we exemplify..
After, we will stress why…. Finally, we will conclude with…..
Example:
“Those who do not remember their story are condemned to repeat it.”
(George Santayana). In the following lines you will read about Walter Spilzman‟s
life. First, we will explain about his personal life: age, nationality, job, etc.
Then, we will deal with some historical facts about the time he was leaving.
Later, we will exemplify some of his experiences during the war. After, we
will stress why he survived. Finally, we will conclude with our personal opinion
.
about the topic
What is the difference?
The quotation.
“INTERNET”
“Copy and paste”
PLAGIARISM
What do you exercise?
Don‟t miss your chance!
Your Brain.
How are you
FEEDING it?
Homework..
Research..
Writing
Critical Thinking…
Going BEYOND…
What´s plagiarism?
WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?
According to Mirow, plagiarism can be defined as the use of another‟s words,
works, thoughts, or ideas without giving proper attribution to the original author
Taken from: www.plagiarism.com Accessed in May /2006.
.
How can we prevent that?
I used your ideas in my paper. I will
cite your name, do not worry.
Citing is giving credit to the
sources you used to write your
paper. It means that you give
the name of the author you
used.
The sources can be: a book, a
magazine, a newspaper article,
the Internet, an interview, etc.
Example:
1. As Stevenson said: “The
Munich Massacre left us all with
a negative feeling after the
Olimpics”(1972).
2. “The Palestinians did not
know the effect this was going to
have in the entire world”
(Cartwright;1973).
What do I do then?
You have to :
• READ
• RESEARCH
• UNDERSTAND
• SUMMARIZE
• WRITE AND CITE
Homework
•
En los Juegos Olímpicos de Munich 1972, el
mundo vio estupefacto cómo once atletas israelíes fueron
asesinados, tanto en la villa olímpica como en el aeropuerto de
esa ciudad. Fui parte de ese acontecimiento.
Lo viví en carne propia e incluso conocí a uno de los
inmolados. Actualmente, en nuestros cines, se proyecta una
nueva versión de los hechos dirigida por el talentoso director
judío Steven Spielberg, que con gran valentía artística traslada
a la pantalla grande uno de los episodios más funestos de la
contienda que mantiene desde 1948 el pueblo israelita con el
palestino.
Cuando terminaron los Juegos de Munich retorné a mis
quehaceres universitarios de estudiante en Illinois deportista
con mal sabor en mi boca por lo sucedido. Pasaron
aproximadamente tres años cuando un día, en el campus
universitario, llamó mi atención un anuncio en una de las
carteleras de información. Anunciaban la proyección de un
largometraje sobre la „masacre de Munich‟ en el Centro de
estudiantes, donde convergía la mayoría de los 25.000
alumnos de la alma máter.
El día del estreno me dirigí presuroso a la sala asignada.
Como las luces aún estaban encendidas a vista de pájaro
pude observar que posiblemente el 80% de los asistentes, por
sus vestimentas tradicionales, eran estudiantes del Medio
Oriente. A medida que la proyección transcurría me traía
recuerdos encontrados.
In the Munich Olimpic games
in 1972, the
world watched as 11 Israeli
atletes were
murdered in the Olimpic Ville
and the airport of
that city. I was part of that.
Cuando la cinta llegó al clímax (cuando los rehenes israelitas
vuelan en pedazos por la explosión de una granada) la
mayoría de los asistentes se puso de pie para felicitarse. Me
fue difícil asimilar el espectáculo y abandoné la sala, no
pude soportar la escena.
Mientras caminaba de regreso al dormitorio,
me preguntaba cómo era posible que todavía
haya pueblos que piensan que están
separados cuando están vinculados por lazos
regionales, porque uno es lo mismo que el
otro, aunque algunos de ellos piensen que no
es así. Todos sabemos que la religión jamás
ha logrado evitar una guerra y difícilmente
podrá hacerlo porque las religiones han sido
una causa y el origen de la mayoría de ellas.
La adoración por un Dios, cualquiera que este
sea, que hace que fanáticos ignorantes sientan
odio por el prójimo que no profesa sus mismas
creencias.
Solo con el tiempo uno se da cuenta de que
quien humilla y desprecia a otro ser humano
tarde o temprano sufrirá las consecuencias y
estas se multiplicarán. Solo es cuestión de
tiempo.
This was Jorge‟s experience: In the
Munich Olimpic Games in 1972 the
world watched as 11…
80% of the students presented THIS SAME
ARTICLE as homework
CITE
In the text
- As Delgado said: “
“(1990)
- Jorge stated that : “
“(2006)
- ____ . (Jorge Delgado;1999).
- Delgado also adds that: “
- Jorge discusses that
“(1995).
______.
When we want to cite somebody from an
internet article we shouldn´t include the
whole address in the paper. For example:
Hellen keller said: No one can make
you feel inferior without your
consent(http://www.hellenorg.com).
That is what all women need to think
in order to be successful in life.
There´s got to
be another way!
“In document citation”
“According to Rose Ortega, SSCC
students who are taking extra English
courses on Saturdays are improving
their grades.”1
1 http://www.lacos.com.ec
Compare these texts
• La fotosíntesis es un
conjunto
de
reacciones
que
realizan todas las
plantas verdes que
poseen clorofila a
través de las cuales
se sintetizan glúcidos
o
hidratos
de
carbono por acción
de la luz.
• Según lo investigado,
la fotosíntesis son
reacciones realizadas
por las plantas. Con
esto, se sintetizan los
hidratos de carbono.
La luz también
interviene.
Bibliografía
Hernandez, Jaime. “La
ciencia ecológica”.
Ingreso 10 mayo/09.
http://www.clorofila.org
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bibliography
• Goes at the________
• Includes all the_________ you
have___________in your paper.
• It has a determined order.
Bibliography
• Juan Pérez “The dog”
• Pepita Jiménez “The bees”
It has a format
Bibliography
AURELL, Martí, La dama en la corte medieval. Pamplona,
Eunsa, 2001.
CANTAVELLA, Rosanna, y PARRA, Lluïsa, Protagonistes
femenines a la “Vita Christi”. Isabel de Villena. Barcelona:
Edicions La Sal, 1987.
CAVARERO, Adriana, "Decir el nacimiento”, en Diótima, Traer
al mundo el mundo. Objeto y objetividad a la luz de la
diferencia sexual. Barcelona, Icaria, 1996, 115-147.
CHAVES RUBIO, Carmen, "Autoridad y mediación femenina
como práctica de paz". Duoda, 23, 2002, 65-83.
DIOTIMA, Il pensiero della differenza sessuale. Milano, La
Taratuga, 1987; (Sexual Difference, Bloomington and
Indianapolis: Indiana University Press [1990]).
GIMÉNEZ SOLER, "Retrato histórico de la reina María",
Boletín de la Academia de Buenas Letras I, 76.
Book 1 author
• Author´s last name, author´s first name.
“Title of the book”. Publishing city:
Publishing house. Year it was published.
Example:
Nigel Audrey . “The Time Traveler´s Wife”.
Orlando:Harcourt. 2003.
Book of 2 or 3 authors
• Author´s last name, author´s first name.
Second author‟s last name and first name.
“Title of the book”. Publishing city: Publishing
house. Year it was published.
Example:
• Searles, Baird and Martin Last. Poveda, Juan.
“A Reader‟s Guide to Science Fiction”. New
York: Facts on File, Inc.,1979.
Internet resources
Author. “Title article”. Accessed on:______
http://www._____
Example:
Harper. “Why dogs fail”. Accessed on Sept.
2nd 2008.http://www.dogs.com
Class material
Teacher´s last name, Teacher‟s first
name. “Title” Class Subject. Date of
class.
Example:
Rodríguez Leonor. “The Mayas”.
Science class. Sept. 20th/2007.
Magazines
• Title of magazine: Title Article. Date
published. Editorial. Country.
Example:
Novedades. “Cómo Combinar Bien los
Colores”. Mayo 2009. Editorial Norton.
Colombia.
Interview to Jorge Delgado
By Karla S. Vélez Espinoza
Teacher: Miss Leonor
Ronquillo(miss Kitty)
Bibliography
Delgado, Jorge. Personal
Interview. Guayaquil-Ecuador. April
22nd / 2006
Test your knowledge
• Editorial Norma “Casa de Muñecas” 1879.
Henrik Ibsen. Colombia
• 28th May 2008 . Esteban Rosales
http://www.fruits.com “Eat healthy”
• Editorial Vistazo. Vistazo. April 2009.
Ecuador. “Technology and its impact”.
• Administration August 2nd 2009. Mario
Chávez. Finantial trouble in your company
.
Bibliography
Chavez, Mario. “Finantial Trouble in our
Company”.Administration class. August 2nd
2009.
Ibsen, Henrik. “Casa de Muñecas”
Colombia:Editorial Norma. 1879.
Rosales, Esteban. “Eat Healthy” Accessed on
May 28th 2008. http://www.fruits.com
Vistazo. “Technology and its impact”. April 2009.
Editorial Vistazo. Ecuador.
• FIRST DRAFT
• SECOND DRAFT
Final draft!
“The beautiful part of writing is that
you don´t have to get it right the
first time, unlike a brainsurgeon.
You can always make it better”
Robert Corrier