1. No category

From heterogeneous wireless networks
to sustainable efficient ICT
infrastructures:
How antenna and
propagation simulation tools can help?
Yves Lostanlen
SIRADEL
April 9th 2013, Gothenburg, Sweden
EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved.
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SIRADEL’s Research activities
•
•
•
•
•
•
1994
60+ people
France, Toronto, Hong-Kong
8 FP6-FP7 EU projects
35+ collaborative projects
100+ research partners
Densify &
Offload
Cellular
networks
Efficient
Wireless
Systems
EM Wave
Exposure
• 4 main investigation areas
Active
Antennas
MIMO
Aim: Developing expertise, methodologies and tools
Data: GIS, RF, traffic
Software: Volcano, VolcanoLab and Smart City Explorer
Consulting: Management & Technology (guidelines)
EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved.
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Outline
Context
Motivation for Hetnet
Sustainable?
Opportunities!
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Data traffic: exponential growth
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Wireless device: Exponential growth
People to People
People to machines
Machines to Machines
Cloud Physical Systems
Internet of Everything
IoE
Internet of
Things
Internet
Chris Evans
Health
CFO
Environment
Care
IoT
Energy
Email
Yesterday
Millions
Today
Billions
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Tomorrow
Trillions
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So wireless handsets are everywhere.
Data demand is growing.
Other constraints?
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Well… Yes.
Traffic growth
cost
data
1. Revenue growth constrained
Reduce TCO
2. Reduce
voice
revenue
Time
and
3. EMF exposure concerns
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How shall we cope with this traffic demand, and
those constraints?
What concepts and tools do we need?
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Data growth absorption
Capacity ≈ n ∙ W ∙ log2(1+SINR)
TCO
TCO
TCO
•More Macro-BS
• Small cells outdoor: Metro cells or DAS
Radio Propagation
& Antenna tools
TCO
•Spectrum: Golden frequencies (800MHz)
•Small cells indoor: Femto cells
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Spectrum is expensive.
Why do wireless carriers compete so fiercely on
golden frequencies?
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Golden frequencies vs. 2.6GHz
Macro base station (34m above ground)
800MHz
500m
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2.6GHz
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Outline
Context
Motivation for Hetnet
Sustainable?
Opportunities
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Macros are great for outdoor coverage or for
large regions with uniform low demand
Traffic
demand
High
Medium
Low
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But demand is not uniform
Solutions?
Traffic
demand
Non uniform
traffic demand
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High
Medium
Low
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Illumination where it is required
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Rx power
(dBm)
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Increasing coverage and/or capacity
Composition 2-tier coverage
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Matching demand and best server
Densification
of the network
Traffic
demand
Best server
Small-cell
Macro
Non uniform
traffic demand
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High
Medium
Low
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Data growth absorption
More cells
New
spectrum
Mitigate
interference
Capacity ≈ n ∙ W ∙ log2(1+SINR)
Radio Propagation
& Antenna tools
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Small cell challenges
Site Location
• Traditional site acquisition:
complex and expensive
• Street furniture: opportunity
Optical Fiber / DSL
Interference
Management
• Spectrum re-use: same or
different spectrum from
macro-cells
• Coordination between macrocells and small cell layer
Backhaul
• Various frequency band
options
• LOS and NLOS in urban areas
• Enhance flexibility in site
location
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Small cell challenges
Site Location
• Traditional site acquisition:
complex and expensive
• Street furniture: opportunity
Optical Fiber / DSL
Interference
Management
• Spectrum re-use: same or
different spectrum from
macro-cells
• Coordination between macrocells and small cells
Metro
Backhaul
• Various frequency band
options
• LOS and NLOS in urban areas
• Enhance flexibility in site
location
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Once we have the site location,
we analyse the antenna patterns in real conditions
1.7GHZ
1.9GHZ
Images by Telecom Paris-Tech
2.1GHZ
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and we can compute the coverage
In urban areas, multipath is important
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3D propagation LOS & strong canyoning
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And multipath for indoor areas
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3D Indoor coverage- Ground Floor
Reception on ground-floor of a NLOS
building
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3D Indoor coverage – Top Floor
Reception on top-floor of a NLOS building
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Multipath estimation refines the MIMO
simulation processing (space-time)…
…and is paramount for the interference
estimation
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Small cell challenges
Site Location
• Traditional site acquisition:
complex and expensive
• Street furniture: opportunity
Optical Fiber / DSL
Interference
Management
• Spectrum re-use: same or
different spectrum from
macro-cells
• Coordination between macrocells and small cells
Backhaul
• Various frequency band
options
• LOS and NLOS in urban areas
• Enhance flexibility in site
location
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Beamforming - « Sub-optimal » Pointing
3D Antenna patterns
Data coverage
– Antenna models
3D Propagation models
Reliable predictions for decision-making
Data coverage
SC-BS
Active Antenna
System
SC-BS
UE to serve
UE
24dBi
Ray-based model
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Beamforming - Optimal Pointing
Less interferences
Less power transmitted
Less EM radiation in undesired areas
Data coverage
SC-BS
Active Antenna
System
UE to serve
SC-BS
UE
24dBi
Ray-based model
EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved.
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Small cell challenges
Site Location
• Traditional site acquisition:
complex and expensive
• Street furniture: opportunity
Optical Fiber / DSL
Interference
Management
• Spectrum re-use: same or
different spectrum from
macro-cells
• Coordination between macrocells and small cells
Backhaul
• Various frequency band
options
• LOS and NLOS in urban areas
• Enhance flexibility in site
location
SC-BS height: 10m
20m
5m
7m
15m
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Outline
Context
Motivation for Hetnet
Sustainable?
Opportunities
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Great evolution of the networks to cope with
the data growth…
… but let’s have a more holistic view on what
we are doing
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Human exposure to EM waves
Need to better assess the radiation levels
Need to anticipate actions to optimize
Propagation and antenna tools required
Vertical slice of Total field (V/M)
Beyond total field threshold on facades
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Lexnet: EU-FP7
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Infrastructure will consume more energy
Energy Harvesting
Image by CTTC
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Outline
Context
Motivation for Hetnet
Sustainable?
Opportunities!
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It may be time for a more efficient network
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ICT: An opportunity to deal with
climate changes
Gtons CO2
ICT today: about 2% of global emissions
Potential direct
telecom equipment
energy savings by 2020
1.27
0.9
0.5
2002
0.5
2007
Zero Growth Line
2020
Indirect application
examples
An Opportunity for
Tremendous Impact on
Remaining 98%
 Smart utilities
 Smart transport
 Smart buildings
 Smart industry
ICT can enable a 16.5%
reduction in global
emissions by 2020
Source: GeSI – SMART 2020: Enabling the Low Carbon Economy in the Information Age
-7.8
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How to get a sustainable infrastructure?
Power
limited region
Energy Efficiency
Low Power
Bandwidth
limited region
High Power
Greentouch
Throughput
maximization
Spectrum Efficiency
Reduction of
EM exposure
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The infrastructure will be sustainable if it is
shared among the wireless carriers
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How to get long-term revenues?
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Share costs across ICT infrastructure needs
Topologies: Reducing energy bills, site and equipment costs
Spectrum efficiency: Taking advantage of BW
Reduce EM waves: Need not waiting for regulation
Anticipating massive device-to-device communications
Traffic growth
Traffic growth
cost
data
voice
data
revenue
voice
revenue
cost
Time
EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved.
Time
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System Thinking: Worse before better
Work ($) / capability
Work (or $) / capability
Capability trap
Work less on immediate goal
t
t
Work more on capability
Capabilities enhancements
Competitive advantage
Capability takes time
to build
t
Performance
Delay in observation
better performance
t
Worse before better
t
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t
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The infrastructure will be sustainable if it is
shared among the various industries
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Smart Cities
Smart Grids
• More antennas
• Multi-relays
• Device-to-device
Smart Smart Buildings
Communities
Smart
Transportation
E-Health
• Opportunity to “share”
• Joint optimizations
• Municipalities / governments
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Opportunities for Antenna &
Propagation reliable Tools
Idea and Conceptual
Design
System Engineering
Algorithms
Software
Simulation
Tools
Hardware
Implementation
System Integration
Manufacturing
System Deployment
& Operation
Hardware
Simulators
Antenna
&
Propagation
Models
RF Planning
&
Optimization
Tools
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Takeaways
• Multi-RAT HetNet with small cells: An answer to data growth
• Mobile network optimization: shift in constraints
– From Spectral Efficiency to Energy-efficiency and Low EM Exposure
…While keeping an equivalent User experience
• Key competitive advantages in the long-run (holistic view)
• Sustainable infrastructure for Smart Cities: today’s decisions
• Propagation & Antenna models and tools will help
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Sustainable ICT Infrastructure
• It is a complicated task!
– Multi-discipline
– Multi-carriers
– Multi-industries
Lots of learning
curves
• But on the long term everyone is better off
Traffic growth
data
revenue
voice
cost
Time
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Thank You!
EUCAP
2013 - SIRADEL
Copyright
2013. All
rights
reserved.
Prof Yves Lostanlen, VP
Wireless,
CTO
Siradel
and
University
of Toronto
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