Workshop – Melbourne Yoga and Meditation Centre - Sunday 19 January 2014, 2pm-4pm Step Up - "How to develop authentic practical Meditation and Reflection out of your Yoga practice; precision thinking and no-mind for the individual." Step up - a move to a higher level in a hierarchy How - in what manner, way, condition Develop – from de+ Lat. volvere ’to roll ‘ - to cause to grow, unfold, expand. Authentic – au ‘self’ Gk. authentes ‘one who does a thing himself’ Practical – practice/practise(vb) - action repeatedly or habitually performed; the carrying out or performance of what has been laid down in theory or been acquired by mere learning or knowledge. Pira-act - acting in a rotatory manner Meditation – mediate between diverse and opposing forces with the aim of equilibration between those forces - many techniques and methods depending on tradition, but primarily ‘dialectic reasoning ’. Reflection – Lat. reflectere ‘to bend, turn back’, re- flectere ‘to bend’, flex fr. Lat. falc-em, ‘sickle’ falx – sickle shaped curved beak Yoga - the method and practice leading to the conscious union of the individual human being with the ultimate source and origin of his being. It aims at the awakening of the egoic-self to the real Self through the process of Reflexive Self- consciousness, a state of transcendent Self-awareness which confers upon the beings who attain it certain powers of adequate response and capacities of stimulus assimilation. Precision – Lat. praecis, praecidere, ‘to cut off in front, to cut off short’ pre-, prae & caedere ‘to cut’. Exactly, clearly, defined, clear-cut. Thinking – to conceive, imagine, have in mind. A process of ‘formulation’ in consciousness. (thin – stretch + k – application of a force) mind – mati , O.E. mynd memory [‘affirmation of the differentiation of a zone of substance’ mem-o-r-y , E.H.] Lat. ment-(em), ‘mind’ No-mind – Scrt. mati ‘thought, sense, meaning’ Individual – “The individual self is simply a motion complex in infinity. As every vortex necessarily has an “empty” centre, properly represented by Jupiter, it follows that every finite being (Saturn) has in it a centre of highest sensitivity (Jupiter) able to respond to the motions of the Jupiter transcendent. This Jupiter centre is the source of true conscience in the individual.” “For every little whirlpool in the sea we may say there is a distinguishable identity. Each whirlpool has its own specific character which distinguishes it from all others. Each whirlpool may be considered as a possible object upon which consciousness may concentrate, and with which it may become identified. Each whirlpool may therefore be considered as an individual entity. Yet all of them are but behaviour-patterns of the sea, or of primary substance.” “So we see that the consciousness of each individual self is simply the pure consciousness of the Purusha functioning through a specific vehicle. Absolutely there is only the one pure consciousness, and it undergoes apparent pluralisation by the creation of innumerable forms or motion-patterns of primary substance. We differ not in our pure consciousness but in the characteristic form and function of our specific vehicles or organisms.” “Because of the individual evolution of the Manas mind each individual has a legitimate point of view from which he may evaluate the world. But although an individual viewpoint is legitimate for that individual, yet it is not legitimate to impose, or seek to impose, this individual viewpoint on another individual. Nor is it legitimate for an individual to allow himself to be imposed upon by the view-point of another.” “Every potential form in primary substance, every object of pure consciousness, becomes progressively focussed down to the level of the external material world. This progressive focussing down is what we mean in the west by 'evolution'. But there is no evolution without involution. The forms of life that have emerged progressively on earth through time have first involved into the earth by cosmic involutionary processes. Samkhya starts from this cosmic involution of forms; sees that this involution progressively individuates, isolates and estranges the individual from its source It also indicates by the simple reversal of this process the way out of this isolation, this estrangement. Yoga takes this theoretical way back and turns it into practice.” “If we now take the group of ideas which we refer to as our individuality, the particular group of ideas which is ordinarily habitually presented in consciousness and referred to as "I", and place upon this pattern and the "I" group a special feeling stress which we call the sense of ownership or property, we have created an emotionally charged state we call the state of identification.” “Always our body-object is held central to consciousness and to it we link all other objects by association law. Consciousness holds our body-object in continuous tension more than other objects, so that it may function as reference centre for all else. It is upon this fact that we base our belief that we exist as individual human beings. Our individuality is no more than the persistence in consciousness of the form of our body-object with whatever other objective content has become associated with it. Consciousness holds our body-object central to itself, integrates other objective forms of experience round it, suffuses the whole with correspondent feelings, and activates it from its objective and subjective content.” “It is important to realise that the existence of a finite subject depends on the circumscribing line of some motion internal to this line. The quality of the motion must differ from that outside, for if it did not, then there would arise no difference in the field of awareness, and consequently, no finite subject. The Infinite Field knows the whole formal content of itself. Where the formal content of a zone is sufficiently complex, "judgment" takes place (i.e. balancing of motion forms).In each different zone the Infinite sees the formal content. It is the difference in each zone which we call the individuality of that zone. In each individuality, creation of form takes place according to the "law of increasing freedom" i.e. the form within each zone must be brought up to the level of complexity and internal relation such that it constitutes a sufficient instrument in its environment for the purposes of the infinite awareness. It is apparent that we must here proceed with great care, for we are on the edge of the greatest problem of philosophy. How does the Infinite relate to the finite subject? How does the world soul relate to the finite partial soul of the individual?” “INDIVIDUALITY is maintained by the unique nature of each spirit, which is eternal. The man who does not know the eternal uniqueness which is the ground of his individuality, is not very likely to find in himself the strength to oppose the highest temporal powers which seek to suppress his uniqueness.” ‐ Excerpts from the teachings of Eugene Halliday The Eight limb Meditational Yoga system described in the Yoga classic The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali has Meditation as stage seven of eight. The eight limbs of Patanjali are set out below. Patanjali’s Eight Stages of Yoga (Ashta-anga) Yama - abstinences, restraint, forbearance The avoidance of injury of all living creatures, not to prematurely destroy the vehicle of your experience - ahimsa Truthfulness; logical consistency- satya Restraint from taking what belongs to another - asteya Greedlessness – aparigraha Sexual continence - brahmacharya The bearing patiently of pleasure and pain - kshama Fortitude in happiness and unhappiness - sthirata Sympathy, Compassion, Mercy, Kindness, Simplicity – daya, karuna Moderation in, and regulation of diet – mita-ahara Cleansing and Purification of body and mind – shodhana Niyama - observances, watching, fasting, praying, penance, identifying with Supreme Reality Austerities for the purpose of purification - tapas Fasting – upavasa without emaciation - shoshana Contentment with that which one has unasked – samtosha Satisfaction; ‘doing full being’ - tushti Charity, Sacrifice; gifts to the deserving – dana, homa Listening, Study, Recitation - of scripture – shravana, svadhyaya, japa Religious observances – religere – bind back to Source o Cleanliness of body and mind; avoid contamination/ adultery/idolatry - shauca (external – bahya, internal – abhyantara) o Hospitality, Mutual helpfulness, Modesty, Service – atithya, para-artha-iha, hri, sevana o Faith, Conviction, Vowing – shraddha, mati, vrata o Devotion to the Lord - Ishvara-pranidhana o Affirmation of what is(this moment’s state) – astikya(it-isness) o Worship; of that ‘worthwhile-shape’ - archana o Silence in gesture and speech, Solitude, Noncontact, Indifference, Dispassion – mauna, ekanta-vasa, nihsangata, audasinya, vairagya (ability to see beforehand where a desire, once released, will reach its term; Yoga Sutra1:15) compare with … Hatha Yoga Aims of Hatha-yoga’s seven stages (sapta-sadhana)p.200SP 1. Cleansing (Shodhana) by the six processes (Sat-karma) 2. Attainment of Strength or Firmness (Drdhata) by bodily postures (Asana) 3. Of Fortitude (Sthirata) by bodily positions (Mudra) 4. Steadiness of mind (Dhairya) by restraint of the senses (Pratyahara) 5. Lightness (Laghava) by Pranayama kevalya-kumbhaka 6. Perceptive clarity (Pratyaksa) by meditation (Dhyana) 7. Transcendence (Nirliptatva) in Samadhi. The practice of Yama and Niyama leads to renunciation of, and the breaking identification with, the things of this world and of the next. Abandon the desire for pleasure. Those who seek the joys of any heaven can never attain the end of Yoga. Asana - posture Good posture. As the preliminary for controlling the physical body – spine straight effortlessly Pranayama - breath regulation and suspension Control of the breath, as preliminary for gaining control of emotional and thought processes. Pratyahara - withdrawal from five senses Withdrawing consciousness from the external objective world of five sense objects, five sense organs, 5 internal brain centres, and 5 sense data zones of the mind. Freeing consciousness from all distractions. Dharana – concentration – consciousness ‘with one centre’ Firm concentration of consciousness on an ‘object of thought’ within the mind. Dhyana – meditation - Dianoia[Gk], Jhana[Pali], Ch’an[Chin], Zen[Jap] Meditation on the subject of dharana. (One of 7 methods described, although ‘meditation’ precisely by definition is ‘dialectics’ ) Samadhi - contemplation Contemplation through Reflexive Self-consciousness*. ‘consciousness going up and down in the same time/place together’. Consciousness conscious of itself. Meditation Procedure An excerpt - from the writings of Eugene Halliday AIM: To prepare ourselves for that transcendent awareness where, by the increase of sensitivity, insight and comprehension, we take up our rightful position as mediators between the Intelligent Source Power of our being and the material world around us. METHOD: CONCENTRATION. MEDITATION. CONTEMPLATION. In every meditational procedure there are distinct steps to be taken. 1. We decide to meditate. 2. We withdraw our attention from the things of the external world. 3. We concentrate our mind upon some interesting subject. 4. We analyse this subject into all its parts and study these parts and their relations with each other and with the whole of which they are parts. 5. We hold the pattern of the whole analytical process together in an act of comprehension of its meaning. This is called contemplation. Concentration means 'with one centre’. It requires that we set up in the mind some single idea of such a kind that to it we can refer every other idea that we have. Such an idea gives us the power of unifying our mind, and so of bringing it into peace and harmony. Meditation is a mental process in which we disclose progressively the meaning of our central thought; we must proceed by defining our use of the words we use to express this idea. Our mind compares ideas, notes their similarities and differences, grouping them together in patterns. It is precisely the discovery of a meaningful pattern that is the object of meditation. Contemplation, unlike meditation, does not follow a sequence of ideas through time. IT CONTEMPLATES PATTERN. Contemplation is essentially silent: to attain it we must still every mental process. Then the pattern discovered by the meditation process will be able to have its own effect on our mind. WHOLENESS of awareness appears only in contemplation. NOT in meditation. Our mind and soul is bathed in wholeness, a wholeness which transmutes itself into PEACE and HARMONY of being. THIS HARMONY OF BEING IS THE GREATEST HEALING POWER IN THE UNIVERSE. Throughout the writing which follows, ideas and aids to meditation are presented. If the reading and study is to be taken as a meditation, you should be looking for a pattern. At any stage when you feel you have found that pattern, then hold it in CONTEMPLATION. This is most important. The time reserved for contemplation, at the end of each period of reading and study, should be at least half of the time set aside for the meditational and study period. To reiterate, Contemplation is essentially silent: to attain it we must still every mental process. *********************************** Melbourne Yoga.com Meditation help-steps Dear participant, You will find below a number of ideas which will assist you in your meditation practice. These notes are not designed to assist you in every detail but will act as a reminder to some of the work we have undertaken recently together. --------------------------------------------------1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Remember, first of all, lie down(not in bed) and try to relax the physical body for about five minutes, not falling asleep. Be wide awake. Then sit up and do whatever Hatha Yoga postures you feel will help you to relax your physical body more if required. When you start your breathing and meditation practice, your physical body needs to be vitalised, relaxed and comfortable in whatever posture you choose to adopt for the meditation. Skipping the relaxation and postures is really not an option to effective meditation in early stages. Second, take up a physical body posture which aims to allow 'upright physical body stillness'; good square sitting base, spine upright, shoulders broad, head balanced, without any kind of rigidity or tightness. Arms resting on legs or in the lap. If there is tightness at this point go back and practice relaxation and Hatha yoga postures which release physical body tension. Third, aim to bring the breathing into equilibrium, to calm the feelings and settle the mind. This starts with a gentle lengthening of the breath, using a ratio technique if required. 4:2:4:2 Remember; NEVER close the throat while holding the breath in the lungs. Use the diaphragm, and the intercostal muscles between the ribs, to maintain expansion of the chest. If at any time you feel uncomfortable, you will have gone too far. Do not push the breath. Proper breathing is quiet, calm and deeply relaxing. It may take years to find your proper equilibrium. Be patient and watchful. Fourth, having completed the breathing technique of choice, the breath is close to stillness, or relatively in-detectible. Never impose upon the breath. Allow the breath to become more and more still with longer practice sessions. Watching the breath passing backwards and forwards inside the nostrils will assist this process - feeling coolness as the breath comes in, warmness as the breath passes out. Fifth, when the breath becomes very very still, bring the attention to the tip of the nose. If the attention will not stay on the tip of the nose, return to the breathing ratio technique, or watching the breath inside the nostrils. Be very very patient. Agitation will only bring frustration. Be still in body and breath, and just watch. Imagine the sensation of a speck of dust on the tip of the nose - feel it. Don't 'think' about it, 'feel' it. The above steps are the preparation, up to and including Pratyahara, which now leads you into concentration and meditation proper, followed by contemplation. ------------------------------------------------- Remember, Meditation is an art form and requires regular practice to be enjoyed; just in the same way ability with a musical instrument or other talent has to be cultivated. Concentration is the key. Concentration means 'with one centre', singleness of focus - in this case 'tip of the nose'. When there is quiet, effortless concentration, more difficult meditation techniques follow, which bring with them very great transformation, high levels of creative consciousness, and freedom from everyday annoyance, negativity and stress. Keep up a regular daily practice 6 days a week and have 1 day off. Early morning, before food, is the best time to meditate. Set the alarm clock and get up 10 to 20 minutes earlier. Sleep will not be missed if meditation is practised 6 days a week for 4 weeks. A new habit will have been established. The meditation will in time energise and focus the whole day. Throughout the working living day, take meditation bites - close the eyes and focus on gentle breath extension. Turn inwards and let go of the incessant chatter of the world for a few minutes. True joy comes up from within, when space is made for it. Create and cultivate an inner quiet place. The quiet place will be there for you at any time you turn to it, just like in older times going to the temple would be a respite from outer turmoil, and a place to find inner peace and the Source of your own life. More advanced Meditation Courses follow when these techniques have been established. Malcolm can be contacted if there are problems. [email protected] Meditations of Eugene Halliday The FOUR "PLANES" OF BEING (or four ‘levels’): The point plane (where each point is orientated to itself). Ahrimanic granularity. The line level (where orientation is towards some goal as posited outside oneself. The plane level (where one moves about in any direction in 2-D space, seeking experience. The volume level (where one gains 3-D existence and so great stability from the six directions. The SIX DIRECTIONS: The six directions are up, down, back, forward, right, left. UP points to Heaven and higher powers or higher levels in the hierarchy. DOWN points to the Earth and lower powers or lower planes of being in the hierarchy. BACK points to the past, the accumulation of ancestral inertias still with us and influencing our behaviour from behind. FORWARD points to the future, the totality of our intentions and purposes to become realised by application of present energies. RIGHT refers to virtues, talents, innate powers, potentialities of action. LEFT points to vices, deficiencies, innate weaknesses, potentialities of breakdown. Falling and Rising – Intelligence, Intuition, Meditation, Contemplation - excerpts from the teachings of Eugene Halliday Our own intelligence is a little light borrowed from the Great Alpha-light [infinite intelligence]. Our own body is a little zone within the OmegaSubstance [Universal body substance]. When we think truly, our thought is an inner shining in our mind of the Alphalight. When we move our body to act rightly, our action is the action of our own little area of the divine Cosmic Body. When we feel sincerely, our feeling is the Self-experience within us of the pure Alpha-Light-Omega-Body, at work in the place where we are. Yet we are not passive instruments. From the power of infinite intelligence within us we can choose our life-direction. We can choose to act as an instrument of infinite intelligence, in infinite intelligence’s name, or we can choose to act as if we owed nothing to infinite intelligence. We can choose to believe ourselves selfgenerated, and act only for our self-advantage. To believe is to choose. We do not simply believe, as if we had no alternative but to believe. Belief is an act of our will. We think we see an advantage in believing this or that, and so believe. As we choose to believe, so we choose to evolve, or devolve. We can move nearer to the ultimate goal of absolute freedom, or we can move away from it towards deepening degrees of bondage. Does anyone really choose bondage rather than freedom? Yes. Why? Because freedom implies self-responsibility. The free being is responsible for himself, and responsible for his degree of freedom in infinite intelligence’s presence. Where we are not yet perfectly free in our will, it is because we have not yet willed perfect freedom, because we have not yet willed our total self-responsibility. Total selfresponsibility seems to the ego-bound mind a tremendous burden. One with such responsibility has no excuse for his actions. His actions are the expression of his free-will. The effects of his actions must by cosmic law return to him. intelligence. But is it really so? Does not real superior intelligence assent to the idea that it is only right and just that we some day come face to face with the consequences of our actions? What kind of a world would it be if every action produced no reaction? How could we possibly know where we were up to with ourselves, how far we had gone in our evolution towards the goal? We would shoot our energies into the world, and they would not produce any effect, either on the things of the world or on ourselves. It would be as if we shot our arrows into a pure void, and never ever received back a message that our arrows had been loosed. Such a world would be no world at all in any meaningful way. There is, however, something about us human beings. We love to think our lives are meaningful. If we think our lives meaningless, we become disorientated, dejected, miserable. Despair begins to wrap us round as an impenetrable mist or fog. We have lost direction. We are goalless and so cannot evolve. All evolution depends on a goal, whether this goal is adequately defined or not. The mineral world's goal seems to be simply to exist. The rocks press into their centre simply to perpetuate themselves. The plant world's goal is not mere existence, but with this also growth and selfpropagation. The animal world's goal is to exist, to grow, to propagate and move about in the space available. The human world's goal is to add to all these processes a new principle: that of free creative activity, an activity that will change the world and everything in it. "Behold I make all things new". And this changing of the world by mankind is to restore to it something precious that was lost long ago; the joy of supreme creativity such as infinite intelligence takes delight in. Which one of us is ready happily to receive from the universe the reactions of all the beings affected by our actions? The burden is very great, "As we sow, so shall we reap". This is a hard saying. How many of us are prepared to accept with equanimity the fruits of our actions? The kind of men Jesus called "dead", are those who have lost contact with the inner creativity of the infinite intelligence within their own being, the divine Spirit of Eternity. To lose this contact is to fall into Time and Matter, to become a slave to closed systems of repetitive, uncreative behaviour. The "dead" are on a treadmill whereon every foot set down leads nowhere. The wheel turns, but the treader of the wheel stays where he is. Dodging consequences is a favourite game of human beings. To be able to "get away with it" is popularly considered to be a sign of superior The man on the treadmill is the unhappiest of all creatures. Unlike the ox which has been put to work by man and has no thought that things should be other than they are, the human being knows that his life should have more meaning than that of endless circular plodding continued until death gives release. Man is not content to live a meaningless life. For him activity without meaning is not real living. Something in the human soul says that life has a higher purpose than the tread- mill provides, and this something is Spirit, infinite intelligence. The pet mouse of a child is usually kept in a little cage. Inside the cage is a small wheel into which the mouse can climb. When the mouse runs, the wheel turns. The mouse stays where it is in the wheel and its running feet drive the wheel round. The mouse does not get anywhere; it simply drives the wheel round and round. No doubt this is good exercise for the mouse's muscles, and helps to keep it fit; but the mouse learns nothing new after the first few revolutions. In the ancient world, and still today in some countries, oxen are used to turn wheels that perhaps draw water or grind corn, or do some other useful work. Here the oxen are doing something better than merely exercise their muscles; they are freeing mankind from a ceaseless, routine process and so liberating human energies for other, more creative activities. In the Bible, Jesus distinguished between two kinds of human beings: the "quick" and the "dead". By the "dead" he meant those of mankind whose processes were under the dominion of habitual routines of thought and feelings which produce no new emergents, no new creative attitudes towards the world. By the "quick", Jesus meant those human beings whose minds ever perceive new possibilities, new ways of living, different from old routines. The "dead" are those who have fallen into routine behaviour patterns, which, if persisted in, will produce nothing new in the world; those who walk like oxen, in the same circular path, treading over the same ground to no new effect: learning nothing new, gaining no new insights that might be profitable to their souls in a world changed by their own thought and feeling and will. The "quick" are those whose minds are awake, whose senses are active, whose feelings are supersensitive to new possibilities, and whose will is strongly determined to reach a goal worthy of attainment. The "quick" are those who have faith in things worthwhile, beyond the present state of mankind. We know that the "quick", in every situation, seize the initiative. They perceive that new things are possible, different ways of life better than those so far known, and they work intensely and interestedly towards the precipitation of those new, improved ways. We have all heard of a fall from a once-free state of man's soul. The ancient sages told of a time called the "Golden Age", when man had not yet lost his freedom, his grace; a time when man's mind and senses and will had not yet fallen under the dominion of habitual routines. In the Golden Age, man was a being of initiative and intelligence, capable of free, creative activity, a being of destiny, whose purpose in the world was to change it, and raise it to ever higher levels of significance. Man was then the creative representative on earth of the Universal Being who had created the world for the very purpose of demonstrating the meaning of creativity itself. Before the Fall, in the great Golden Age, man had been placed in charge of the further development of the world, and given the means to create, by his own will and intelligence and sensitivity, whatever was needful for that development. Man was to be infinite intelligence’s agent in the world, working there for the full realisation of Infinite Intelligence’s purpose. But at the Fall, a curious thing happened. Man forgot his real purpose, forgot his essential free, creative will and intelligence, and became more interested in externals. He left his inmost creative centre and turned outwards into the external things of the world. Thus he lost awareness of his initiative, his free spirit, and was trapped in the outer forms of things. He became like a man who was so interested in the pleasure he derived from having a body and using it to enjoy the things of the world that he forgot his creative purpose in the world, and so sought only to give pleasure to himself by means of his body. Thus forgetting, he descended into a materialistic view of the world. The Materialist is a man who thinks that the things of the world are the source of his ideas and feelings. He thinks that there is nothing in his mind except the results of the stimulation of his sense organs by external things, and so he abandons his innermost centre of creativity and places himself under the dominion of things of Matter. He becomes a slave to information given to him from things of the external world. He believes that he cannot change anything except by first studying the way that external material things work. He thinks that his thoughts, his ideas, feelings and actions, are all products of the action of material things upon his body. He reduces himself thereby to the level of a merely reactive material thing, complex no doubt, as is the physical body of man, but nevertheless material, and subject to the laws that govern all material bodies. Like Esau, he has sold his birthright, his free spirit, for a mess of potage. Before the Fall, Man could have fulfilled his destiny by using his free, creative intelligence to change the world in ever more significant and valuable directions. He could have evolved to ever higher levels of being without having to depend on external material things for the sources of his information. Within Man is a special power, Infinite Source-given, a power of intuition, of inner self-teaching, whereby he can gain supreme knowledge of everything in the universe, without all the drudgery of examining all the material things of the outer world. This intuition, or inner self-teaching power, is set in motion by the practice of meditation and contemplation. Every great thinker of history has known and used these practices in order to conjure from the depths of his innermost soul the hidden wisdom that awaits there for the one who seeks and asks and knocks on the inner secret door. Before the Fall, Man, by his intuition, awakened by his own initiative in acts of meditation and contemplation, could have designed and created an infinity of new worlds, more wonderful by far than this world in which we now live. This was the period of Creative Evolution, which at the Fall ceased. From the moment of the Fall Man lost his innermost awareness of his essential creativity, and became from then on dependent on things outside him to awaken his mind and stir his intelligence. If some special act of grace had not occurred, fallen man would have been doomed forever to slavery to external things and their action upon him. He would have become a merely reactive mechanism, totally determined in his behaviour by the chance stimuli of external things. But the needed special act was done. The intelligence of all beings has a source. The source is not inferior to the things that come from it. "Nothing goes up but that which came down". The source of intelligence is more intelligent than its derivatives. The source of all beings is the infinite field of absolute sentient power, or God if we use a shorthand theological term. This infinite field is more intelligent than any of the creatures created within it. This infinite field is also within us essentially. It is the voice of cosmic conscience. If we will listen to it, it is the power which will save us from our own foolish mistakes. But to be saved by it, we must listen to it. It is a still small voice, ever speaking within our soul. Today almost everyone believes in evolution of lower forms of life to higher forms. Materialist scientists tend to teach that this evolution is largely a product of accidents, by which some forms come to have more survival probability than others. But there is more to the evolutionary process than this. Whatever "accidents" may have happened in the past, or are happening now, or may happen in the future, there is more than accident at work putting men into outer space, more than accident probing beyond the orbits of the outer planets of our solar system, more than accident penetrating into the deepest secrets of the atom, where so-called "matter" melts away into fields of force, where the apparent division of body and mind, material and spiritual reality, become indistinguishable. Today we are approaching nearer and nearer to disclosing the true relationship of mind and body, of spirit and matter. The old naive notion that matter was made of irreducible, hard particles or "atoms", has gone. Nuclear research has shown us that matter is but a form of energy. The old division of mind and matter as two utterly dissimilar things has had to be given up. Mind and Matter are two aspects of energy, two modes of behaviour of a hidden something that operates behind both. This hidden something is what we mean by "Spirit". The difficulty in understanding "Spirit" is that it is invisible and intangible. We cannot see it, and we cannot touch it with our material hands. But its invisibility and intangibility do not prove it non-existent. We cannot see or touch a magnetic field, but it gives evidence of its presence by the way it moves needles on dials, or moves iron-filings about, or pulls the opposite poles of two magnets together, or forces the like poles apart. So it is with the invisible, intangible spirit. It can move our souls to feel and think and act, and this without the mediation of any gross external material things to aid it. ----------------------------
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