1. sports
2. swimming

Diving,
Swimming.
HOW
TO
SAVE
WILLIAM
Clnh-itasler
Lalg
Cialniai;
'IJA'STRATUn
LIFE,
WILSON,
li-
llir
of
the
rictaria
Balks
Ctmfany,
ilrilnglan
Smifrvtiirg
SmmmiHg
C/ii/'i
AssKiatcd
WITH
AS
GO
-
e/ SitHaud,
":,
ENGRAVINGS,
FULL-PAGE
GJ
Glaig"rw.
Ciiit.
IV:
-N/
TO
William
WEST
"JF
OF
ART
PUBLIC
IN
BATHS
HAVE
IS
BOOK
RY
THE
GLASi.OW.
\s(
yitiy,
1876.
SUCCESS,
INSCRIBED,
SERVANT,
DEVOTED
HIS
AUTHOR.
GLASGOW-
OF
WITH
CROWNED
BEEN
THIS
CITY
THE
ESTABLISH
TO
YEARS,
TEN
LAST
UNTIRING
WHOSE
AND
SWIMMING;
THE
DURING
EFFORTS
TENDING
EVERYTHING
ENCOURAGES
THE
ADVANCE
I'OLLOKSHIELDS,
LODGE,
LIBERALLY
SO
WHO
Esq.,
Wilson,
To
13
-
Jf
DEDICATION.
I'AOE
I.
II.
"
Introduction,
Bathing,
"
"
J
.
Personal
The
III.
The
"
I
Cleanliness,
Cold
Bath,
Vapour
Bath,
6
The
Turkish
Bath,
7
Bath,
9
Swimming
Bathing,
V.
"
When
Long
to
Reaction,
Captain
VI."
The
Stay
The
in
Water
i6
i6
Webb's
Feat,
.
Lesson,
Movements
Leg
the
....
Swimming
Arm
12
Swim,
to
How
lO
for Ladies.
Swimming
"
5
.
The
Sea
IV.
4
Stroke
"
"
Illustrated,
Illustrated^
17
i8
19
20
CONTENTS.
VI
I'AGIi
Description
Fuller
VII."
Wide
VIII.
IX.
To
"
Presence
"The
X.
Side
Stroke
Side
Famous
of
on
39
.
Illustrated,
"
42
Floating
Muscles,
Two
"
Float
47
.
and
Back
the
Method,
Fastest
42
Face,
47
48
Illustrated,
"
Method,
Improved
To
Neck,
and
of Head
Swimming
"
35
Swimmers,
Immersion
XIII,
33
on.
Stroke
Relaxation
XII."
Swim
Overhand
The
31
Illustrated,
"
to
29
...
of Head
Position
"
Mind,
50
53
....
Illustrations,
with
Legs
55
.
Bent,
Arms
and
59
64
XYV."iicULLiNG"lllustratedy
First,
Head
**
The
Feet
XV."
64
.....
Steamer,"
First,
67
68
Treading
"
An
To
Way
Easy
"
XVII."
67
....
.....
Ice Accidents,
XVI.
24
27
Breathing,
the
of
Which
XI.
Movements,
the
Kicking Important,
Regulate
"
of
of
Illustrated,
Undress
on
69
*
.
.
the
Resting
.
.
Fatigued
when
70
....
Surface
of
the
Waiek,
73
CONTENTS.
VI 1
PAGE
XVIII.
Diving,
"
75
Diving Feats,
Noted
Nicolo
76
....
Pesce,
77
-
To
Inflate for
a
To
Search
an
To
Come
to
To
Swim
a
The
for
The
the
Bottom,
at
Heights,
a
given Depth,
Thk
"
Worst
82
83
of
Form
of
Cramp,
87
.
88
Cramp,
.
90
Fish
J KLLY
The
"
Illustrated,
Sting of,
Popular
for the
Opening
Franklin's
Swimming
95
.
98
.
99
.
of the
Frog,
Closing Eyes
and
96
.
.
Sting of,
Errors,
Movements
Weeds,
92
.
History of,
Remedies
"
82
.
Wf:eds,
"
81
82
Surface,
Distance
79
85
Natural
XXII.
at
Water
under
Header,
Treatment
XXI.
Object
79
.
Cramp,
XIX."
XX.
Stay
Long
the
from
Diving
Surface,
the
from
Dive
To
Essay
a
under
Water
100
Swimming,
lOI
Shower,
lOI
on
during
99
lOI
....
Self-taught Swimmers,
102
.
VI
CONTENTS.
11
PAGE
Save
^To
XXIII.
Lite
Smith's
Adam
Dr.
Drowj^ing,
from
Societies'
Theory,
Individual
and
103
.
103
.
Efforts,
104
.
An
Another
To
Disengage
Four
"
Resuscitation
'Recent"
from
a
Swimmer
Illustrated,
Drowning
Apparently
the
for
Methods
of
Swimming
Restoring
114
Drowned,
Clubs,
Animation
Inflation,
Tobacco,
System,
123
.
Joux's Experiment,
lions
Lifeboat
X
X
V.
"
C(
)\X'LUS
"
Four
ION
,
123
123
Pressure,
National
122
123
.....
Abdominal
122
123
.....
Hooker's
no
Person's
Illustrations,
Drill
Older
The
Tired
109
of
of
Resuscitation
a
......
Method
Grasp
"
Carrying
Ilhistraied,
"
XXIV.
of
Way
Easy
124
Institution
IllustratiojiSy
Recommenda
124
140
INTRODUCTION.
"""""-
Many
swimmers
good
impart
to
favoured
than
do
instances
but
after
had
been
should
useful
only
not
can-
families,
have
this
partially
reluctantly
sess
poswho
and
art,
communicate
to
have
trials
many
of
children
highly
they
who
swimmers,
less
Numerous
heads
of
either
been
that
system.
their
this
others
to
art
desire
great
a
find
proper
that
tried
have
a
good
of
themselves
have
but
mentioned
anxious
knowledge
a
ledge,
know-
successful,
give
to
up
task.
the
The
afford
shall
the
be
tolerably
particularly
or
of
want
might
themselves
the
themselves,
for
so
of
knowledge
a
have
naturally
object,
plain
some
be
therefore,
more
sometimes
the
instructions,
easily
too
of
understood
elaborate
writer
present
which
and
lessons
it
is
to
intended
practised
which
is
are
than
given
INTRODUCTION.
books
in
purporting
the
make
to
of
art
swimming
easy.
There
are,
and
can
learn
do
others
who
proposed
benefit,
detail
with
well
the
as
for
the
slightest
to
as
any
initiatory
lesson
practice.
and
to
old
on
Bathing
This,
young
one
be
patience
be
the
trusts,
the
lessons
swimmers
will, it is also
hoped,
mm
Y
be
teach
now
of
prove
real
in
and
them.
in
swimming
alike.
to
explained
so
will
of
and
as
by explanations
of
are
lengths
given
methods
writer
there
understand,
may
will
both
progress,
former,
followed
possible, and
improved
indefinite
will
movements
and
as
the
but
will, it is hoped,
given
almost
teacher,
a
who
persons
on
attention
some
words
be
to
that
The
the
making
latter, as
many
without
struggle
time, without
these
doubt,
no
now
be
of
The
of
few
of
in
service
chapter
advantage.
BATHING.
COLD,
THE
BATHS.
TURKISH
No
education
he
one
the
perfectly
give
his
with
furnished
be
bath,
it
of
peculiar
hygienic
its
promoting
the
General
and
this
at
a
skin
mention
hot,
time
were
have
partial
of
ablution
the
to
only
not
but
also
former
to
leprosy
for
as
a
of
Mosaic
meant
prevalent,
bathing
to
must,
recourse
cold;
the
of
apparatus
he
effects,
benefits:
whether
or
constant
or
physical
on
for
of
its
course
latter.
part
when
tepid,
sanitary
apparently
was
separate
gymnasium,
justice,
account
important
each
of
attention,
his
direct
exercises
branch
particular
may
practise
may
the
what
to
matter
AND
VAPOUR,
HOT,
TEPID,
body
other
find
remedy
and
cleanliness,
diseases
that
or
an
was
Dispensation,
encourage
and
we
the
the
cure
of
the
Scriptures
for
disease.
BATHING.
"Cleanliness
Christian
or
that
a
it is
if not
Urquhart
us
"that
immunity
of
equanimity
mind,
whether
bring with
is
it
the
habit
of
that
the
powers
of
term
less desire
for
greater
us
endurance,
of
of
who
person
have
life,more
foreign
which
will
which
to
Personal
keeps
his
lants,
stimu-
self-respect and
disrespect
others."
from
facilities
of
mental,
or
clean.
bathing, by
give
longer
a
to
body
will
complete sanitary reformer,
a
himself,
disease, greater
sources
clean, is particular
In
the
larger share
a
exposed
find
from
his
physical
those
be
may
keep
from
recovering health,
diminish
to
cleanly,
more
and
society
to
owes
muscle, greater
of
greater
he
whether
intuitivelyfeels
one
every
Creator,
says,
rendering
in
duty
and
Godliness";
to
Sceptic,
the
to
strength
next
is
we
ness
cleanli-
for
we
his
own
ably
invari-
body
surroundings
free
dirt.
history,bathing
direction
of
nearly always
Europe
and
Only by
this, and
we
civilization
confined
indicate
to
seems
to
and
the
progress
refinement, and
polished
nations
in
is
of
Asia.
water,
hot
therefore
air,and
betake
vapour,
ourselves
can
to
we
attain
the bath
BATHING.
refreshment
for
and
health, purification,
and
invig-
oration.
bath
The
occasions
many
taken
be
but
so
of the
were
the
with
case
most
for
much
healthful
any
indulged
in
to
to
description,
for
more
in the
luxury
end
were
enfeeble
and
enervate
bad
to
Romans,
ancient
effects,and
as
lead
gorgeous
ultimately resorted
were
than
the
therefore
must
should
over-indulgence
was
baths
whose
Care
abused.
been
lest
results,as
everything else, on
like
has, however,
the
people.
who
Those
the
by
wish
should
habit,
Bath
every
to
should
five
when
twice
last
not
minutes, unless
the
or
Grecian
stay in the
thrice
that
morning
inuring
The
cold
for the
the
or
water
may
perature
tem-
a
may
one
of
be
training for
the
in
two
or
swimming,
prolonged
their
cold
bracing
greater
bath
at
to
of time.
of
tepid
from
exercise
purpose
to
than
in the
into
body
breakfast,
longer
went
contests,
TEPID
or
70*^ F., the immersion
length
athletes, when
COLD
a
before
55^ and
benefit
regularly, and
take
morning
between
which
bathe
to
fatigue
be
bath
the
varied
portant
im-
most
in
sinews,
and
once
the
and
exertion.
a
week
BATHING.
with
Hot
a
F., when
Bath,
twenty
leave
bather
the
has
break
discovers
he
plenty of
be
may
After
cold
violent
of
be
use
going
to
a
bather
water,
the
kind,
take
pores
cold
a
spray,
be
to
spray
bed,
too
air.
open
found
the
or
the
that
so
to
any
will
produces
it
out
again
water
warm
cold
shower,
persons
before
is that
quite
going
douche,
refreshing. Many
which
in
exercise
or
immediately
of
spiration
per-
will
If the
the
out
or
spray
before
closed
before
or
soon,
to
the
Should
follow.
might
dip
a
too
100^
or
prolonged
be
itself,sweating
come
have
the
shower,
or
has
let him
soon,
bath
chill
a
98"
thirty minutes.
exhausted
out, and
should
water
or
hot
of
temperature
a
stay in the
the
less than
not
at
or
very
shower
effect
the
of
refreshing
calm
and
great
service
sleep.
The
Vapour
the
after
soon
be
Bath
serious
consequences
to
sure
of cold.
chill, it prevents
feeling a
almost
is of
follow,
namely,
If taken
what
"
almost
or
their
origin in
The
Vapour
any
of the many
diseases
would
headache,
catarrh, bronchitis, diarrhoea, rheumatism,
ness,
in preventing
feverishwhich
have
cold.
Bath
may
be
medicated,
and
is
BATHING.
with
employed
The
Turkish
is the
It
year.
is
of the
form
these
pores
become
fill up
but
Mr.
Bath,"
body
that
ought
be
"no
Bath
taken
living
pression
im-
weakening,
the
Turkish
from
out
noxious
the
is
is of
the
matter
excess,
and
so
a
sedentary nature,
luxurious, will find the
It controls
great boon.
diminishes
in
be
goes
an
the
perspiration
of
substance
nels
chan-
from
people
must
but
got rid of."
of
a
the
passing
"Manual
his
occupation
mode
and
been
to
whose
whose
Turkish
Bath
living
particles
form
profuse
perspiration except
Anyone
or
that
says
in
the
some
the
that
Turkish
the
Urquhart,
by
With
escape.
of
nothing
out
matter
the
of pores
course
which
effete
prevails
by
send
can
can
beyond
and
up,
by
body
millions
usual
the
apertures
which
should
caused
the
mendation,
com-
year
the
reaches
clogged
these
through
blood
It
In
perspiration
copious
that
skin.
and
high
popular
whereby
means
body, purifying
the
which
chronic
of
worthy
more
cleaned.
thoroughly
surface
is
becoming
only
of
cases
skin.
Bath
and
be
of the
diseases
cutaneous
in
success
abstracts
that
while
that
the
and
lates,
regu-
which
old
has
matter
BATHING.
8
IS
taken
being
the
for
being supplied by
of
benefit
immense
in
sore-throat,
biliousness,
Its
of
cases
and
when
result
incontestably
as
it is
a
the
a
system.
or
remedy
of
Water
as
well
been
tion,
consump-
as
its
for
at
once,
which
cold,
of
of
process
almost
training,
have
and
in
is
tone
is
health.
strongly
strengthening
the
it
diseases
in many
Bath
for
the
muscles,
and
means
invalids
effects,
with
removing,
a
Salt
to
stimulating
to
and
scrofula,
cure.
exertion
valuable
as
luxury,
recommended
bones
of
Warm
The
gives
the
in
in
proven
of
early stages
in
also, in
likewise
has
combined
Bath,
is effectual
pains
the
the
is
ism.
rheumat-
and
dysentery,
It
complete
a
Hot-air
shampooing,
been
in
taken
produce
to
skin.
;
been
times
diarrhoea,
the
of
is
Bath
diseases
paralysis,
many
fever, cholera,
known,
aching
has
which
ness,
colds, catarrh, hoarse-
pulmonary
neuralgia,
efficacy
provided
Turkish
The
of
cases
in
and
gout,
diseases
The
stomach.
the
is
room
nourishment
wholesome
and
good
bath,
the
by
away
which
and
it
living, or
of
No
one
relish
swimmers
can
plunge
in the
but
The
the
whole
faces
To
is
sea
as
the
a
quicker,and
is the
To
the
than
is not
case
the
to
after
a
fresh
swim
of
a
tolerably rough.
in
of
to
swim
The
of
whose
morning
far
fresh
the
Reaction
water,
ity,
rapid-
body
takes
on
water;
less
the
dip.
ancy
buoy-
as
salt
with
feel
tlemen
gen-
morning
every
the
of
cold
place
healthy result, than
more
water
experienced
pleasures
air
density
much
time,
several
easier,as
apt
ming
swim-
summer
of
evaporates
so
a
practise
to
appearance
prolonged stay.
with
give
to
of
well.
open
is much
sea
salt water
or
and
in favour
greater
bather
after
even
the
of
account
and
volumes
concerned,
benefit
and
as
the
but
none
"
in the
only
the
round,
in the
swim
use
acquaintance
in
year
speaks
full
months
the
bathe
who
swimmer
not
winter
has
writer
a
keen
same
effects, it is best
air,and
the
during
the
healthful
open
securing
the
the
yielding element;
its full
it in the
as
have
with
bath
a
enjoyment
of
sense
for
existence."
buoyant
can
BATH.
instrument
greater
a
and
vigorous
is
SWIMMING
THE
lo
bathing.
swimmer
in the
bather's
nothing
sea
when
can
the
feelingsare
excel
water
elated.
SWIMMING
THE
the
swim
the
sun's
the
water,
With
warm
the
feet
is this
mind
the
meal
swimmer
is
The
exercise
feeling a
the
who
and
in
pulmonary
of
of
warding
breeze
will
sun
ing,
blow-
relish.
transient
ment,
enjoy-
whetted,
is
body
cheerful
that
gainsay
the
and
spirits
they
coast
sea
a
do?
must
Swimming
the
muscles
which
off, and
the
develops
of
used
are
in
the
legs, arms,
on
It
other
no
the
expands
is of the
some
body;
greatest
curing,
cases
diseases.
history
Sparta acquired
vigour through
of the
sand, the
If
actively employed.
ancient
From
or
elasticityof
chest, strengthening the lungs, and
service
contentment.
of health.
practice
are
of
appetite
practise at
can
shoulders,
occasion,
with
enjoyed
from
emerging
comfortable
a
of
action
the
on
rock
warm
till bedtime.
his share
chest, and
sense
day;
who
its
keen
follows, and
body,
the
in
the
all
enjoy
for
on
and
continue
help
skin,
comfortable
it lasts
hearty
the
bath"
"air
Nor
to
overhead
the
on
n
and
stimulant,
a
rays
adds
one's
shining
like
acts
BATH.
we
much
learn
that
of their
frequently plunging
Eurotas, which
ran
the
ants
inhabit-
strength and
into
the
waves
through Peloponnesus
and
1
the
Lacedaemonian
States, and
and
Spartan plunged
Sparta;
the
The
no
who
Eurotas
river
the
foot-race
into
headlong
anointed
with
a
the
the
of every
and
prudence
this country
such
that
an
exercise, and
would
which
the
understand
know
accidental
Ladies
enjoy
how
exercises
skating,and
the
thus
enable
should
be
in
them
as
the
the
river
a
healthy
mbtives
of
women
of
possession
of
self-preservation,
lives
own
in
practicallyto
more
their
in
cases
of
.**
the
beyond
rowing,
the
privilegeof indulging
to
not
body
cation
part of the edu-
also from
of nature,
save
the
cross
only
first law
immersion
have
form
but
safety. Why
not
finishingthe
having
to
girl,not
livelyaccomplishment,
and
the
finished.
should
and
boy
as
Tiber, plunged
river
then
was
truth, Swiniming
of
waves
Martins;
athletes
after
water;
contest
of
place immediately
the
of
walls
swim.
to
took
oils,they had
twice, before
Of
banks
the
on
the
into
Campus
The
foot-running.
the
practised swimming,
the
in
generally
swimming-race
after
also
exercises
washed
unable
was
youths
Roman
part of the
and
BATH.
SWIMMING
THE
12
and
advantage
those
in the
of
two
of
many
dancing,
cal
physiriding,
last mentioned
THE
they
nearly
are
BATH.
and
helpless,
exertions
the
on
SWIMMING
of
13
entirely
in
others,
the
dependent
of
event
an
accident.
In
view
flattering
of
these
to
the
and
dignity
humane
heroism
and
learning
feeh'ngs,
of
opportunities
greater
it
considerations,
the
of
and
of
afforded
not
are
practice
ladies
this
scarcely
can
proverbial
Britain, that
them
for
useful
most
be
the
of
all
accomplishments.
that
Now
the
matter
fact
that
let
up,
us
and
their
unable
and
intellectual
together
come
of
some
girls
of
our
dignity
to
swim
to
all
and
than
more
the
hope
the
time
is
country
have
and
to
dive.
Boards
School
becoming
are
physical
has
near
will
deem
acknowledge
taken
alive
exercises
hitherto
indeed
have
been
when
it
the
to
should
the
the
case,
boys
derogatory
that
they
to
are
TO
WHEN
the
Let
day
a
about
noon
he
In
after
no
than
meals
bathing
in cold
intention
of
of
or
tepid
hope
can
enter
to
it when
Swimming
enjoy
in
\fp all night, or
tution,
consti-
the
or, in
a
body
sooner
as
impedes digestion.
swim
result
extreme
in cold
swim
water
eighty minutes,
enter
long
a
or
water
opposite
the
of
shortly after
enter
one
anyone
having
The
robust
a
if in
months
dry biscuit,
a
any
perspiring profusely, the
exertion.
of
warm
season,
the
morning
seventy-five
should
Neither
the
in
should
case
be
a
than, say, eight o'clock.
later
not
if he
partaken
rising,having
evening,
air, between
or,
bathe
may
part of the
any
open
August,
and
for his first lesson
during
;
If in the
bath.
June
choose
learner
SWIM.
with
water
when
of
is
the
great
as
water
the
is
body
muscular
bad.
if he
No
has
one
to
is chilled.
quite
cold
after
toil,fatigue,travelling,or
water,
after
having been
in-
TO
WHEN
temperance,
is
times
it
at
and
about
would
80^,
invigorate.
avoided,
sufficiently
reaction.
necessary
times,
not
be
to
is
strong
of
advisable
effects
15
as
Instead
be
the
SWIM.
of
to
which
the
body
to
at
would
the
produce
swimming
have
these
at
a
be
tepid
to
such
bath
freshen
HOW
TO
LONG
STAY
THE
IN
WATER.
To
healthful
its
be
not
in
the
element
when
is
spirit,
the
body
has
often
headache,
the
are
that
heat
much
that
it
healthy
body
has
reaction
become
which
liveliness
surface
of
refreshed
sleepy;
has
weak
so
very
with
given
too
is
the
The
accompanied
The
results.
the
being
and
languid
stomach,
disordered
a
produce
feels
one
of
instead
the
forget
the
over
stay
favourite
follow.
to
feeling;
glow
do
enjoy
the
in
twenty
rule
a
they
sure
debilitated
and,
gone,
it, and
almost
to
They
rolling
in
healthy
the
and
invigorated,
and
off
to
pleasant
beneficial.
and
No
to
a
this.
of
are
are
generally
of
so
they
which
effects
than
as
by
should
water
ten
swimmers
water
benefit
to
the
in
from
beyond
pleasure
and
practice
view
a
stay
Enthusiastic
longer
result
the
effects,
prolonged
minutes.
evil
with
Swimming
practise
show
doubt
how
many
long
have
instances
one
may
remain
tending
occurred
in
the
water,
SWIMMING
THE
bear
that
mind
in
viz.
essentials,
Determination
until
body,
under
body
and
on,
the
means
from
Walk
the
to
when
the
perform
the
bending
other.
Have
of
armpits,
a
strap
and
of
and
the
duck
knees,
a
height
the
friend
passed
meeting
into
one
to
the
water
the
turn
whole
body
foot
being
support
the
the
round
in
the
enced
experi-
body,
the
the
into
shock
slight
quickly
middle
part,
a
the
to
shallow
by
the
dive
or
learners.
the
by
the
'
accustomed
immersed
behind
three
are
learn.
jump
not
head
of
think
to
to
by
and
there
movements.
necessary
to
always
must
made.
are
mind
of
Presence
face
pupil
successful
buoyancy
the
motions
proper
until
be
to
the
and
may
:
in
water,
;
lesson
"
Confidence
Do
the
preliminaries,
with
proceeded
be
now
these
stated
Having
LESSON.
the
chest
hollow
THE
the
between
the teacher
this
In
he
position
into
and
legs as
the
nether
limbs
them
close
far
and
of
With
the
and
under
the
the
hands
the
water.
At
"
stretch
of
and
power,
three
are
numbered,
follows
with
chest
about
two
(See Fig.
the
the
elbows, bring
still close
inches
under
7, Plate
I.)
the
hands
out
arms
palms
two," separate
brace
the
of
the
stretch
front, the
slightlyuntil
now
front
well
water.
are
as
the
Get
:
"
the
palms
directly
and
chin, the fingers pointing straightin front.
"one,''
in
which
arms,
the
position
there
simple,
Bring the hands,
"
together,in
extent
of the
accurately performed
arms
This
floating
surface
lesson
close
At
the
of
and
ground,
them
punt.
head
the
by
very
all.
at
possible.
as
to
water
the
off
gives
legs
be
must
apart
the
make
motions
feet
small
a
movements
throwing
position, by
the
the
the
entering
best
portion
every
direct
done
of
stern
see
can
19
be
can
the
can
forward, lift the
To
This
leaning over
easily without
keeps
LESSON.
shoulders.
pupil's limbs,
body
SWIMMING
hands, and
are
lying
flat
wrists, and, without
the
arms
to
their
full
together,and
the
turn
surface
the wrists
the
on
water
bending
slowly round,
of
;
the
describing
THE
20
With
each
shoulders
in
are
straightline
a
At
**
"
the
three, let
bring the hands
whence
they
bottom
the
toward
Plate
in
third
be
pond, and,
front
of
in
these
position
knees
With
their
being
to
slanting direction,
until
movements
and
full
toes
ankles
of each
the
when
sure,
Now
(See Fig.
legs
"
extent,
foot
At
and
j^
wide
as
turned
to
the
"two,"
brace
without
the
knees,
body,
kick,
toes
out
Be
keep the
and
II.)
ward,
down-
legs neatly
the
up
to
have
to
turned
together, joint for joint. (See Fig. 5,
close
ning
begin-
legs
4, Plate
toes
the
outward.
the
of
outwards,
feet
in
possible.
as
jerking, bring
"three," bring the
the
the
kick
(See Fig,
perfectlystiff.
to
up
apart
side
formed
per-
hands
leg turned
"one,"
are
kick, before
the
practise
they
the
keep
practisingthis part
and,
At
position
is
body.
own
feet^
pointing partly
a
which, bring the feet close
At
the
to
this movement
of the
one's
the
towards
straightline
a
While
started.
accurately.
the
2,
I.)
Practise
and
(See Fig.
across.
face
palms
performed, the fingers should
the
and
arms,
L)
Plate
and
hands,
circle, until
quarter
a
LESSON.
SWIMMING
Plate
to
IL)
the
body.
"IT'
THE
the
heels
the
side,
the
toes
feet
be
to
knees
again
pointed
close
are
these
the
to
turned
to
diately
imme-
sideways
(See Fig. 6,
body.
Then
wide
At
At
knees
Work
they
and
toes
the
and,
touch.
taneously
simul-
legs
once
easily forgotten.
arms
each
counting
motions
(See
out.
and
will
they
be
close
in
the
the
describing
the
pulling
and
2
the
to
up
to
Figs,
j
performed
learned,
5.)
the
body,
and
6.)
sfowly at
In
quite
legs
original
unison,
movement.
are
kick
4..)
hands
heels
turned
and
(See Figs.
the
the
i
time
same
return
bring
with
first, and
legs
front, and
round,
arms
the
at
"three,"
and
the
bring
until
position,
and
arms
in
out
arms
(See Figs,
apart.
circle,
together
perfectly.
:
the
put
"two,"
quarter
distinctly
performed
of
movements
and
"
one,"
"
is
one
follows
as
At
each
the
begin
slowly,
movements
until
separate,
time
the
23
IL)
Practise
legs
LESSON.
and
touching
the
Plate
SWIMMING
a
short
ally,
mechanic-
they
are
not
FULLER
TI^E
OF
DESCRIPTION
MOVEMENTS.
The
will
swimmer
be
legs
the
other,
backward,
'
strength,
the
water,
just
with
toes
the
may
the
sends
also
body,
or
part
of
to
the
the
the
put
leg.
water,
of
the
toes
ankle
and
This
opening
it,
done
way
to
is
joint
a
of
out
kicked
are
instep
\s
of
made
be
legs
pearance
ap-
waste
a
should
as
of
enough
cleave
is
forward;
the
spoiling
and
this
downward
kicking
body,
effort
every
movement
front
the
to
and
for
reasons
place,
stroke,
body
slight
a
first
jerk
while
the
propel
out,
it
as
The
each
from
sideways
kick
to
be
kick,
the
possible
as
made
the
the
of
part
downward.
In
of
first
wide
as
ungainly
an
learner:
the
being
not
advanced
the
to
ments
move-
"
are
obvious.
gives
the
the
to
service
to
as
effort
reference
in
some
performing
the
sure
of
well
as
While
are
hints
following
in
a
that
for
formed,
perline
the
the
FULLER
DESCRIPTION
foot, that
there
OF
be
may
its outward
to
Number
motion
of
little resistance
as
the
is the
kick
and, strange
any,
27
as
to
important
most
the
say,
most
one
neglected by self-taught swimmers.
It is
the
for when
propelling
legs
forward;, therefore
apart, and
the
will
greater
be
between
the
the
speed
the
legs have
them
is in
from
close
together, the wedge
heel
and
the
the
body
this
constantly
force
The
as
and
of the
it is
the
the
to
wedge
a
body,
feet
speak, is
and
the
driven
it
out,
propels
have
should
swimmer
angle,
tri-
or
brought
are
closing behind
and
nearly
as
as
two
the
three, should
that
there
to
of the
legs, should
movement
one
to
indispensable
is done
so
Every
one
instructions
in number
like
to
apart, the
in mind.
motions
in
as
kicked
are
kicked
been
form
water
forward.
performed
joint
heel;
to
is shot
Mechanically
attained.
close
being
legs
the
pulled together,the
are
the
apex
the
wider
base
The
swimming;
they
firmer
speaking, when
water
in
power
actually
brought firmly together, the body
are
sible
pos-
progress.
of
two
MOVEMENTS.
THE
as
be
also
borne
perfection
may
be
as
possible.
of the
movement
in
be
in
ankle
mind,
swimming,
little friction
or
FULLER
zS
DESCRIPTION
resistance
again
out
with
the
less
of
waste
of
feet
The
being
are
toes
the
feet
being
strength
than
could
turned
re-
turned
are
kicked
apart
otherwise
be
case.
Do
not
do
must
Keep
the
motion
the
surface
is
allow
to
MOVEMENTS.
the
stroke.
the
renew
THE
when
possible
as
to
OF
all
hitch
the
the
work.
the
neck
of
of
head
water.
being
the
stiff, and
and
The
very
to
The
water.
body
any
make
legs,
considerably
diminished
the
arms
in
body
and
slightly
no
raise
weight
when
it
legs
should
raised.
the
way;
limbs
effort, beyond
the
head
of
rests
be
above
the
head
on,
or
in
level, the
TO
REGULATE
swimmers
Many
who
even,
THE
there
while
the
learning
The
the
be
need
it have
mouth
thirds
of
the
with
and
time
will
for
to
breath.
when
breathe
walking
the
in
one
sensations
new
our
on
livingswimmers
immersed
are
for at
swimming;
stroke, and
the
the
as
good
have
least
this, along
overhand
time
two-
ming,
swim-
accomplished
at
matches.
swimmer
find, that
beginning
the
side
well
as
over.
of
they
improved
swimming
got
best
than
the
nostrils
and
the
easy
once
some
in breathing
difficulty
water
as
been
accounts
The
It is
and
matches,
regulating
more
the
other,
fastest
swimming
no
in
firnia.
on
as
long experience,
difficultyin
swimming
terra
on
in
compete
learners, find
Now,
of
BREATHING.
on
mouth
of the
surface,
as
paying
and
nostrils
stroke, while
the
arms
attention
are
lie
they
are
brought
to
the
deepest
at
fact
the
raised
above
round
in the
REGULATE
TO
30
second
part of the
exhale,
done
easily
The
lungs
second
Care
must
at
the
operation,
the
purpose
will
be
The
taken
in
be
an
This
one.
under
is
instant
water.
the
during
to
open
stroke.
every
taken
inhalation,
until
the
mouth
else
water
way
of
a
hap-hazard
water,
it may
be
precision
ensures
mistake,
great
inhaling
of
mouth
regularly
The
punishment.
mouthful
the
"
"
at
accustomed
too
to
for
soon
instead
of air
in.
ordinary
of
lungs
should
he
movement.
first
not
of
is
and
the
regularly,
the
filled
breathe
to
sure
then
of
part
Be
although
are
breath
be
therefore
It will
to
partly empty
or
BREATHING.
movement.
that
easily understood,
is
THE
swimmer
a
on
supply
which
sinking.
comfort
of
causes
and
brings
many
modically
spas-
its
occasions,
air, gulping
own
stead
in-
down
a
gasping, splashing,
Breathing
and
breathing
with
confidence.
method
and
PRESENCE
of
Presence
of
be
before
traverse
position,
reach
of
the
from
point
the
Let
in
remember,
swimmer
of
importance
any
would
that
no
have
of
mind
position
in
matter
how
being
near.
than
been
without
in
and
the
tired
couragement
en-
down.
mind
calm
the
ation
deliber-
Let
water.
he
who
such
gone
bear
able
and
started,
that
this
in
yet
certainly
always
presence
trying
they
us,
kept
assistance
have
which
informed
they
help
further
any
only
swimmers
to
encouragement,
afterwards
have
out
becoming
were
by
effort,
gone
without
words
kindly
to
who
they
required
rest,
a
good
through
and
gone
obtain
that
an
of
and
shore,
had
could
fear,
ourselves
have
We
they
Instances
knowledge,
from
duties
the
all
in
swimmer.
they
without
sinking
from
far
too
with
paralyized
the
personal
distance
the
at
MIND.
necessary
to
venturing
looking
so
so
from
given
swimmers
to
mind,
essential
is
life,
might
OF
may
him
be,
by
PRESENCE
32
simply
of
turning
arms
or
the
on
legs
will
the
water;
or,
let
the
chest,
keep
the
still, and
he
thoughts,
and
all
to
far
ebb.
indeed
he
out
head
his
especially
with
The
to
the
best
make
time
this
to
current
best
be
time
be
in the
swimmer
will
headway
against
perfectly
collect
his
done.
In
tide
find
it
all
which
to
the
some
expand
sea,
themselves
when
of
sufficiently
thing
bathing
allow
lie
to
One
journey.
when
and
had
surface
breath,
back
have
movement
the
on
long
a
well
by
not
slightest
him
what
will
is,
the
take
consider
against
guard
him
thus
resume
swimmers,
back
MIND.
support
will
likelihood
rested
OF
is
hard
currents.
should
go
on
too
the
work
THE
34
both
absurd, because
STROKE.
SIDE
equally hard,
both
and
legs
matter
no
arms
what
on
ing
work-
are
side
is
one
swimming.
The
side
made
is
a
rare
length
any
Before
the
of time
trying
pupil
attained
will
the
on
of
well
good,
the
The
stroke.
to
the
on
learn
the
but
of
masters
movements
be
as
nearly as
side
patience
the
and
plain
will
a
Many
be
seem
for
hard
stroke
is
never
good
kick
a
possible,
chest.
the
on
can
faster, and
side
be
cessfully
suc-
has
been
learner, in his hurry
acquired
a
style anything
acquired, ungainly
once
got
all
at
has
indifferent
an
stroke
stroke, has
cannot
fast
a
he
that
stroke
than
until
chest
it
movements
certain
swimming
graceful; and,
movements
deal
to
improved
of
course
stroke
side
breast
practised
attained
the
admired,
be
And
chest.
of
art
well-executed
to
more
in
past
competitor swimming
a
see
any
do
the
been
the
for
perfection.
to
during
precision,and
perfection
A
to
called, has
so
practice
brought
occurrence
match,
swimming
careful
until
years,
now
of
matter
a
twenty
stroke, properly
rid
of
work;
without
a
while,
thoroughly,
comparatively
the
easy.
great
if
one
new
THE
The
advantages
water,
cleaves
when
lying
flat
and
performed
with
the
to
head
the
pupil, when
he
By degrees
and
turn
may
a
writers
and
scientific
swimmers
the
The
follows
swimmer
movements
idea
be
The
impeded
than
of
the
stroke.
then
and
recommend
has
hand.
lying on
of the
other.
lying
been
now
that
agree,
can
self
him-
the
carded,
dislie
to
that
reason,
made
with
heart's
could
on
the
action
be
the
is
case
his left side.
stroke
in
detail
are
as
:
"
Assuming
"
less
is
usual
the
preferable, for
stroke
"cutwater"
or
freer,and
were
is
speak,
side
hand,
one
subject
this
effectual
right
the
on
side
is
accustom
his
with
side, but
more
to
so
than
kick
wider
a
the
side, practising first
the
with
left
right
also
stroke
the
on
perpendicular movement
the
easily
swimihing
the
the
more
the
hands.
horizontal
on
against
stroke,
the
Some
surface
beginning, should
water,
that
are,
position by incliningthe
new
the
to
or
chest,
double
a
stroke
it much
the
on
35
side
friction
through
obtained,
The
the
of
less
body, offering
STROKE.
SIDE
let him
the
pupil
to
be
begin by bringing
lying
the
on
the
right,or
right side,
undermost
hand
the
to
up
surface
of
the
bottom
of
the
front
far
as
hand, and
STROKE.
about
two
pond,
it
the
be
can
until
the
position
of
it
palm
facing
to
scoop
it in
carrying
a
the
the
(See
Plate
hand,
in
line with
midbody.
undermost
the
straight line
a
the
flat,
under
stretched, now
reaches
the
inches
it in
advance
strike downward,
body,
three
or
with
water,
as
the
hand
right shoulder, keep the
parallelwith, and
IV,,
45.)
page
This
the
is
stroke
with
returned
positive, or
the
uppermost,
the
the
front
of
the
top of the
the
while.
by
With
the
elbow
negative part
which
the
kicking
the
own
to
bent
is performed
to
the
it started.
to
undermost
back.
stroke
edgeways
feet up
pointing outward,
right angles
shoulder
being kept
of the
hand
it is
pulled along
right
This
the
or
body,
send
as
at
right foot
motion
the
to
foot, straightin front of and
at
of one's
hip, the
be
is to
the
stroke.
next
the
from
legs,bring both
touching, toes
left
body,
returning
from
shoulder
for the
of
which
hand, after
left arm,
or
left
The
propelling part
undermost
the shoulder
to
The
or
SIDE
THE
36
of the
body, heels
the
topmost
nearly
the
same
in the
as
sible
postime
direction
legsseems
like
THE
a
long stride, as
STROKE.
SIDE
in
running;
sharply together,the top
the
and
ankle
inner
Resistingsurface.
The
thus:
shoulder.
stretched
after
feet
having
kick, the
a
the
at
hand
The
neck
should
be
head
position,that is,with
the
left shoulder
between
the
of
the
head
the
mouth
is
the
the
one
are
movement;
the
to
up
being
legs
body
of
positive part
downward
the
with
kept firm, almost,
quite rigid,that the
being
in
right
pull.
strong
of
the
performing
time
brought
is
performed
rightarm
same
the
performed
offering the
from
being brought
are
right
the
right foot,
are
is
pulled together
apart and
the
left hand
legs
III.)
arms
start
movement,
front,
in
hands
the
of the
in Plate
legs and
Both
"
While
positivepart
while
of
movements
together
kicked
(See Fig.
of the
left foot,
the
the
bring
now
instep
or
of
39
nearly
face,
positive movement
Should
the
in
the
the
of
breast
with
the
the
in
stroke, the
The
the
instant
uppermost
pupil prefer swimming
at
not
one
scapula,
chest.
water.
under
an
be
may
resting on
the
time
for
face
front
cleaves
above
comes
chin
and
as
now
all
and
but
stead
In-
top
face
surface, the
the
end
of
hand.
on
the
left
THE
40
side, he
for
STROKE.
SIDE
substitute
must
in these
left,left for right,and
Practise
There
slowly,
are
be
only
perfected by
right
on.
so
and
steadily,
in side
points
many
instructions
perseveringly,
swimming
strict attention
which
and
can
constant
practice.
The
writer
with
the
and
effect
the
length
has
of his
in the
Manchester,
of
who
part of the
stroke
effect
as
if he
stationary, and, by
body
right over
To
regulate
the
and
the
stroke
as
and
the
downward
a
body
hold
had
sudden
neaVly
J. B. Johnson,
Mr.
the
mer
swim-
finest
at
seems
forward, with
of
which
rod
a
to
movement,
this
the
was
pull his
it.
the
when
side, inhale
of
Johnson
lift his
to
vigour
Especially is
stroke.
undoubtedly
Mr.
such
forward
swimming
lived.
ever
movement
with
swimmer
each
at
arm
downward
performed
lift the
to
this noticeable
same
hand
cutwater
as
the
seen
the
is
when
breath
swimming
hand
topmost
being
returned
hand
undermost
pull.
Inhaling
to
the
has
delivered
the
shoulder,
commencing
is
is
on
done
in
an
instant.
Exhale
when
the
topmost
hand
is
performing
THE
OVERHAND
The
increase
this
latest
for
some
in
Some
it
has
beyond
first
to
has
record
been
yards
lOO
become
not
its
By
from
distances,
that
adopted
swimmers.
on
pulsion
pro-
fact
generally
prize
to
general
more
comprehension.
has
controversy
the
like
all
is
been
swimming
Why
Scotland
was
English
at
miles.
two
has
it
of
the
by
of
means
method
demonstrated
fastest
performed
by
approved
past
best
the
use
fully
attained
speed
most
years
the
by
of
and
is
STROKE.
taken
this
practise
place
to
as
with
stroke
who
anything
success.
Harry
long
Gardner,
as
ago
medal
at
a
London.
race
between
any
it is
importance
1862,
that
in
he
year
the
the
won
first
overhand,
same
it
a
month,
so
silver
Baths,
Lambeth
the
was
swimming
and
used
appears,
that
in
match
swimming
August,
it
London,
having
1855,
Certain
of
of
to
win
having
1864,
a
THE
held
the
OVERHAND
beating
Aspinal, Mather,
Harry Gurr,
of the
the
stroke
first
the
by having, on
the
He
first
held
further
for
race
swimmers
as
5 th
miles
2
July, 1863,
won
gold medal,
Eraser's
the
efficacy
the
the
competitors, on
22
on
the
proved
22nd
William
also won,
the
it
Sir
mile, against
Thames.
cup,
Meakin.
and
for
i
fine
of London,
race
distance
challenge
such
others
among
43
Manchester
yards
500
STROKE.
1864,
September,
champion
river
and
cup,
it became
his
which
this
fullyexemplified
in the
when
stipulated time,
property.
own
The
apparent
.stroke
be
may
swimming
entitled
who
be
ever
from
Pamplin, of London,
called
entered
almost
water
the
noiselessly,like
His
uppermost
out
of
the
hand
is
lifted
and
water,
him.
ripple behind
a
swiftly
again
the
discharged
arrow
an
swimmer
through
cleaves
He
water.
is justly
who
graceful
most
bow, leaving scarcely
a
with
grace
is
practised
of Dave
to
and
ease
and
dipped
quietly
without
a
splash.
The
by J.
of
the
overhand
B.
stroke
Johnson,
reach
who
forward
has
has
with
been
added
both
further
to
hands.
improved
the
length
Particu-
THE
44
larly is
made
that
all his
and
neatness.
limbs
of
be
the
the
side
stroke
of
was
this method
that
stroke, with
years
legs and
hands
to flat
ago
of the
hand, immediately
the
and
the
shoulder
carried
then
of
along
front
dipped
the
above
as
of
far
the
(See Fig.
then
are,
that
delivered
instead
of
those
to
stroke.
side
it has
motions
being
without
as
the
head,
in
of
surface
Plate
hand
in
can
the
IV.)
splashing
and
the
formed
perThe
the
the
most
top-
stroke
returned
under, is lifted gracefully out
stretched
in
body,
the
the side
as
The
similar
are
superior
water,
method
new
much
swimming.
practising
characteristics
front
of
credit
its present
to
is as
under
hand
undermost
when
in
to
perfection.
It is admitted
to
him
place
and
stroke
overhand
cular
mus-
natation; and
honour
is
precision
powers,
of
art
result
the
his great
with
the
accorded
having brought
of
the
been
has
legs
mechanical
staying
Each
arm.
and
study,
with
exponent
state
and
arms
This, combined
must
high
work
and
an
uppermost
careful
of
development,
as
him
of
movement
matter
a
first
in the
this noticeable
particular
STROKE.
OVERHAND
to
of, and
water,
and
reach, beyond
direction
The
of
hand
gress.
prois
pulled strongly
"
^\
Of
the
along
the
STROKE.
OVERHAND
THE
47
the
body, performing
of
positive part
stroke.
The
of
muscles
relaxed
at
afforded
them,
the
for
of
and
the
could
otherwise
advantages
that
when
has
a
not
the
be
to
uppermost
thus
the
adding
is thrown
arm
is
of
this
in
is
forward,
it
a
the
to
momentum
the
stroke
with
carried
are
exertion
One
case.
is
set
they
of greater
overlooked
reach, and
long
motion,
be
again
are
movement,
capable
be
rest
a
means
muscles
the
of
and
stronger
this
By
when
propelling part
course
than
stroke.
every
should
shoulders
and
arms
springy
onward
progress.
The
fact
that
head
for three-fourths
of the
and
consequently
will
be
just
and
face
the
of
the
the
weight,
The
speed.
surface
immersed
wholly
diminishes
time
increases
clear
are
the
when
mouth
hand
is
ft
being
time
the
carried
to
inhale.
hand
is
to
have
the
water,
Exhale
being
rinse
all the
of the
out
through
pulled along
the
mouth,
air passages
especially
if
the
the
gargle
quite
going
therefore
This
water.
in for
nostrils
body.
the
a
when
Be
throat,
before
clear
is the
ticular
par-
and
entering
trial of
speed.
SWIMMING
This
the
of
style
in
find
may
and
in
the
to
learn
found
to
be
the
in
chapter
while
it
ordinary
stroke.
certain
first
lay
himself
first
now
the
limbs
the
chest
he
well
is
drawn
becomes
the
to
learn
crouch,
need
and
of
the
that
the
and
up,
body
air
gravity
the
shown
subject;
is
is
be
swim
all
on
the
in
for
necessary
not
draw
remember
to
at
is
in
of
be
the
ing,
rest-
afterwards
may
progress
back
contracted,
centre
of
confidence
his
on
also
will
part
pupils
learner
should
pupil
arc
out
is
he
of
means
as
it
as
any
the
and
;
it
that
Many
of
a
rescue,
easy
amount
trial
lungs,
as
making
inclination
the
of
to
useful.
before
the
is
and
cramp;
cases
as
to
which
in
benefit
of
devoted
back
A
is
of
case
service
greatest
in
It
useful
is
water
circumstances
many
himself
the
in
progression
swimmer
BACK.
THE
ON
be
afraid
The
water.
the
to
legs
up
immediately
bent
forward,
expelled
destroyed,
from
and
;
feet
being brought
are
edgeways
in
line
a
the
palms
like
the
the
the
blade
of
a
swooping
an
hands
arms
are
the
to
the
body,
with
arms,
resisting surface
a
should
oar,
be
to
the
both
delivered,
third
are
with
right angles
at
hands, offering
of the
arms
until
water,
being
is
with
down
and
across,
kick
the
as
the
cut
to
in the
body
body outward,
the
from
carried
the
to
plain swimming,
in
position,as
up
BACK.
THE
ON
SWIMMING
50
the
to
movement
brought
be
of
side
body.
Still
A
adopted
liftingthe
the
by
and
and
the
hand
until
they
Fastest
Back,
though
both
:
"
hands
the
dipped
doing
the
to
water,
to
master,
in
the
of
circle
with
described
Swimming
difficult
half
lifted,
are
(See
and
side
the
they
time
head;
water,
a
so,
of
out
the
the
into
brought
of
under
body
beyond
laid into the water.
Method
more
accomplished by
half circle is also
air, from
again
The
manner
A
in the
are
them
powerful stroke
hand.
each
each
with
then
body, describing, when
with
is
generally
one
parallelwith
carrying
are
arms
strong
a
when
arms
water,
hands
matches,
swimming
at
and
Method,
Faster
Plate
V.)
on
the
is
done
following
".,
SWIMMING
Start
side.
facing
movement
Bring
them
up
bottom
of
the
the
that
hands
until
they
both
shoulders.
the
the
come
hands
the
water,
kept
up
to
is
the
This
53
both
along
be
may
have
BACK.
with
the
to
THE
ON
the
at
palms
body,
sink
the
elbows,
the
same
level
at
directly above
and
first
position
with
arms.
shoulders,
turn
hands
far
as
reach.
the
in
palms
is the
turn
the
bring
movement,
them
of
the
third
work
to
with
the
the
As
positionfrom
This
ming
for-
circular
whence
completes
legs together,
and
kick
the
the
the
performing
are
the
as
legs
should
be
first part of
drawn
up
and
a
delivered.
second
through, the legs
when
strong
a
body.
arms
hands
movement,
sharp
the
outward,
"
While
the
can
position.
Now,
follows:
hands
the
aiid with
they started, parallel to
they
as
the
position.
second
propelling power,
a
the
stretch
and
head
the
of
palms
reached
have
upward,
advance
This
Now,
hands
the
Immediately
hands
of
motion
should
are
be
moving
is
arms
again
to
being
drawn
the
third
up,
gone
and
"
position.
legs should
the
with
stroke
of
This
of
the
hands
splashing
As
Mr.
showing
on
in
the
which
to
half
traverse
had
the
back,
London
a
swimming
a
speed
graceful
most
and
the
one
minutes.
105
he
what
brought.
is
mile
on
To
go
of
perfection
this
his
this
back,
years
ago,
in
distance
at
clever, still the
branch
of
all
the
by
that
be
to
plished
accom-
the
feat
thirty-nine
he
Of
pond.
push-off
as
attained
the
back
to
water,
acknowledged
few
of the
the
extremely
a
the
and
mentioned
be
on
Bath,
J lengths
advantage
it may
swimmer
far
is obviated.
be
may
is
by
under
surface
which
who
is
hands,
time
the
on
Bibbero,
Marquis
the
to
disturbance
or
tage
advan-
graceful, owing
both
the
the
kicks.
back
most
with
all
complete
has
the
on
the
reach
are
arms
swimming
brought
every
swimmer
propulsion
the
at
well-delivered
and
it is also
of
and
the
arms,
of
any,
length
and
apart
that
seen,
distinct
mode
fastest
BACK.
wide
kicked
be
the
two
THE
vigorously together.
thus
will
It
be
and
suddenly
of
ON
SWIMMING
54
required
he
course
each
feat
art
end,
at
shows
may
be
FLOATING.
Floating,
is the
body
how
knowing
that
water,
surface, without
or
of
art
in the
in connection
understood
as
it may
to
support
effort
apparent
any
with
ming,
swim-
balance
the
itself
the
of
on
either
arms
legs.
Many
a
of
ignorance
When
the
then
turn
on
branch
fatigue, or
been
vigour,
or
power
by drowning
important
cramp,
have
lost
been
this
through
limbs
can
life has
it is
of
of
invaluable,
as
rest
natation.
other
any
deprived
back, and
his
through
cause,
their
the
or
wonted
swimmer
wait
till
help
arrives.
A
knowledge
of
floating
is of
being the principal means
of
the
; while
of
course
of
enjoyment
sea
moment
with
a
a
his
on
the
long
swim
bathe, for
face
crest
to
of
a
the
a
great
enjoying
swimmer
as
a
service
and
during
rest
enhancing
the
lie
the
to
sky, floating
wave,
as
the
next
on
the
one
being
FLOATING.
56
carried
between
of the
movements
To
and
others
The
pupil
salt water,
the
taken
This
and
a
the
of
order
be
must
nostrils
things
long breath,
lean
be
be
the
pulency,
cor-
as
easy
float,
to
every
one.
the
part of
the
water,
be
enough back,
surface
of the
clear.
reversed;
the
head
fore-
chin, mouth,
inspiration
VII
.
and
and
interrupted. (Reference
VI. and
head
be
the
that
the
will
face
the
and
so
far
not
under
must
immersed,
in Plates
water-line
in
part of
top
not
may
back
head
elevated,
be
his
on
will be
mouth
while
water,
to
and
on
necessary
himself
lay
back, for, if the
chin
natural
as
ecstacy.
inclined
those
the
is confidence.
first
having
of
possible with
is
consideration
him
Let
well
is little short
ocean,
apparently difficult,yet,
it is
chief
with
rollers,swaying
females, it is
to
especiallyin
the
clear
people, especially
some
to
the
piration
ex-
to
the
willfully explain
this.)
The
the
arms
head, the
part
pressing against
of the
water.
hands
(See
reach
should
Plate
sides
on,
VI.)
or
a
straight line beyond
elbows
between
both
lying
in
of
above
the
the
and
shoulders
face, the
surface
backs
of
the
FLOATING.
This
body,
throwing
by
and
the
are
legs
the
should
be
apart, the
or
chest
the
of
buoyancy,
or
of
lungs
well
out, either
the
greater
the
and
larger the
the
course
gether
to-
the
will be
floatingpower.
when
neat
very
legs,
density,
slightlyhollowed
as
upper
gravity.
the
position in floating,with
This
their
to
the
the
of
weight
stretched
back
air in the
of
centre
the
on
parts, owing
fully expanded,
quantity
looks
heaviest
balances
arms
weight
extra
from
distance
-The
and
counterbalances
parts, and
which
hands
of
position
59
performed
legs together,
calm
clear
in
water.
To
with
Move
through
the
in
body
beautiful
and
the
hands
them
by working
During
sink,
a
To
like
the
good
the
floater
with
hands
should
be
elbows
kept
wide
a
described, is
as
with
placed
the feet
trials
will do
Arms
sculling
a
attempts
some
and
flat
apart, the
by
is done
and
a
propeller, turning
screw
wrist
first
after
but
Float
position
graceful performance
using
may
the
First,
Feet
water
the
and
or
by
it very
well.
Legs
bent.
ment.
move-
head
verance
perse-
The
under
the
head, the
hands
and
forearms
FLOATING.
6o
in
placed
from
apart
the
Plate
in
heels
feet
bent
and
drawn
kept
toward
up
(See
nearly touching.
the
legs
stretched
letter
of curious
number
be
may
executed
This
the
foot, and
vice
is done
the
under
arms
the
shoulders
the
across
the
toe
with
others, that
the
toe
great
of
versa.
by putting
the
the
arm
the
across
knee,
and
back
turning
the
opposite hand, catching
of the
direction
interesting movements
right hand,
body, bending
in the
great
and
floating,
amongst
in
with
catching
left
line
a
and
is formed.
T
A
in
out
back.
kept together
are
Cross.
apart, keeping the
wide
out
head
Andrew's
St.
of
arms
rigid and
If
Form
the
legs and
limbs
the
the
and
Lie
Stretch
foot
other, the
knees
VII.)
To
the
the
across,
each
body,
of
line
a
thumb,
forefinger and
and
lying
perfectly still.
After
enabled
do
to
time.
same
it
little
some
do
this with
Of
course
well, it is necessary
greatest
extent,
the
practice
both
hands
it will be
to
by leaning
be
and
feet at
the
understood
that
the
to
inflate
the
will
pupil
shoulders
chest
well
to
the
back.
FLOATING.
The
practised
graceful,
and
the
surface
be
floater
of
the
almost
Ladies
as
We
floating
almost
placed.
on
any
a
while
and
water,
easy
it
lying
doing
is
neat,
many
while
positions
how
any
introduce
can
statuesque
demonstrating
under
6^
float
to
he
so
the
on
will
body
circumstances.
rule
have
had
the
surface
position
excel
in
lady
many
of
in
this
which
the
branch
pupils
water,
the
body
of
ming.
swim-
who,
when
could
might
lie
in
be
ON
SCULLING
This
by
when
the
of
means
lying
be
and
legs
and
arms
is
the
the
the
surface
in
the
direction
be
to
also
attain
a
well
done.
The
the
This
of
the
a
the
the
of
the
so
in
good
hands
the
the
and
the
that
direction
speed
must
wrist
when
not
palms
the
hands
being
obliquely
facing
should
elbows
The
body
body.
pointing
screw-like
the
the
of
side
feet.
bent,
the
floating,
fingers
once
of
position
screw,
water,
and
and
utility.
great
plain
along
perform
pushed
be
learnt,
The
like
of
can
of
kept
slightly
very
easily
in
as
loose,
to
is
body
legs,
the
using
First.
hands
quite
turning
to
same
being
Work
kept
found
Head
Move
To
without
back,
the
propelling
of
hands,
the
on
will
acquired
be
method
important
BACK.
THE
hands,
when
movement,
of
the
the
may
One
feet.
is
movement
disturb
the
surface
water.
may
be
varied
by
lifting each
foot
out
of
the
SCULLING
a
This
spray.
practical
To
to
and
palms
and
their
pull
head.
the
downward.
This
feet
the
67
hard
so
raise
to
as
but
"steamer,"
First.
full
hands
is
the
incline
is
of
(See
along
outward,
in
propelling
Plate
sink
the
no
press
VIII.)
the
part
the
and
have
they
side,
bend
again
outward
elbows
When
body.
extent
to
the
Bend
the
along
fingers
the
BACK.
striking
called
Feet
hands
the
got
is
THE
whatever.
use
Move
pass
If
and
alternately,
water
ON
the
direction
of
hands
the
turn
the
elbows
of
the
stroke.
3lightly
TREADING.
To
"tread,"
position
in
hands,
is
the
Instances
of
have
treading,
arrival
of
Let
the
the
that
the
Treading
and
feet
feet
the
be
to
writer's
of
notice
thrown
being
and
by
until
the
depth,
water
in
the
hands
be
foot
resisting
performed
manner
kick
or
the
also
same
the
as
each
arms
being,
may
as
of
be
kicking
by
commence
manner
same
being
may
swimming;
The
above
and
is, with
"
of
sink,
feet
in
ladder
head
from
help
help.
downward
soles
their
keeping
the
their
beyond
water
upright
an
found
swim
not
in
immersion.
under
could
into
suddenly
be
accidental
come
who
people
of
cases
any
will
and
easy,
in
self
without
water
very
service
great
one's
sustain
or
in
course,
kept
when
climbing
a
the
alternately
"
surface.
by
ordinary
directed
either
legs
using
or
breast
ward.
down-
above
or
TREADING.
the
under
hanging
or
on
with
who
for
the
is
the
will
found
the
may
be
of
the
above
to
body
water.
in
tise
prac-
prizes
the
are
swimmer
above
body
the
winner.
keep
of
cases
be
the
water
should
he
treading,
of
may
the
When
water.
part
must
In
swimmer
leaving
it is best
in
the
adjudged
surface.
be
boat,
a
greatest
Non-swimmers
the
that
without
competition
shows
surface
by
out
arms
offered
order
refreshment
of
partake
In
surface.
69
the
such
hands
ice
only
a
and
accidents,
safe
position
under
arms
means
that
treading
of
the
taining
sus-
head
AN
EASY
FATIGUED.
WHEN
still
Lie
well
laid
let
pivot
lift
;
of
instep
knee
when
(See
Plate
By
of
time
tired.
a
doing
gently
turn
with
the
alternately
until
is
it
then
by
the
foot
front
Repeat
close
quite
slight
a
until
ment
move-
and
toes
the
of
leg
other
the
;
let
the
bending
with
as
oscillating
an
downward,
water
so.
feet
usual
as
"
like
water;
line
the
press
fooL
IX.)
movements
keep
in
the
the
move
ankle-joint
hands
the
slowly,
performed
be
to
sake,
appearance
and
as
of
in
These
for
knee
foot
head
position
with
work
one
the
sole
the
the
are
floating
each
surface
the
to
the
in
back;
follows:
RESTING
OF
WAY
gracefully
as
clasped
in
front
possible^
as
of
and
the
chest,,
plate.
this
means
on
one
the
surface
may
lie
and
for
almost
not
feel
any
in
the
length
least
74
UNDRESS
TO
not
off
the
at
the
right
the
down,
trouser
foot
at
THE
bundle
a
the
beating
hand.
feet
alternately; begin by loosening
then
neckband
front
up
and
by
The
hands
this
time
whole
is
To
water
take
described
he
at
off
arms
is at
one's
thus
well
done
versa.
both
wristbands,
the
in
garment
by
quick
a
the
over
the
of
out
the
head,
garment,
back.
removed,
been
the
head
if
and
need
not
in the
manner
be
all.
the
is worth
may
and
has
suit
operation
under
soon
the
the
whole
pull
with
water
breast, and
or
lift the
movement
pulling
the
neck
the
the
collar; gather
or
to
sure
which
shirt, beat
the
and
vice
Repeat
remove
leg
with
water
To
moved
re-
left
push
to
be
to
the
If
hand
turning
have
time.
a
WATER.
when
they
right
left
and
OF
course
leg
one
first,use
is taken
into
Of
heels.
from
SURFACE
tliem
gather
to
THE
ON
have
clothes
in the
practising, as
occasion
to
water
no
prove
one
its
knows
how
utility.
DIVING.
of
Wedges
*"
gold,
Inestimable
All
The
utility
such
deep
of
than
The
natives
who
a
on
are
the
the
most
value
his
the
adjunct
itself
in
for
adapted
tinuing
con-
for
appliances
lungs
will
than
life,
pearls,
as
worthy
a
artificial
keep
capable
not
are
him
alive
for
minutes.
divers
descend
fish
from
service
as
noted
who
wresting
naturally
not
few
very
saving
be
to
Shakespeare.
"
of
and
it
period,
who
Ceylonese,
and
great
air
sea.
means
a
without
more
"
the
commerce
of
is
most
Islanders,
as
prove
water
containing
longer
of
however,
lengthened
any
of
bottom
property,
and
under
the
diving
sponges,
swimming,
Man,
of
articles
and
coral,
in
lost
recovering
to
scattered
pearls.
jewels.
unvalued
stones,
of
heaps
anchors,
great
are
search
in
for
shores
expert
the
at
of
Grecian
cutting
Sea
coral;
the
and
the
pearl-oyster;
the
of
South
the
Archipelago,
the
sponge
from
DIVING.
76
bed.
its native
be
said
all
their
to
to
the
The
their
working
fastened
at
a
round
blood
Some
have
Clyde,
Mr.
object
took
off
a
While
the
a
Milne
the
at
bottom
a
the
of
at
a
surface
the
from
and
ears.
practise diving
pastime,
have
superior to
The
on
the
of the
depth
diving
"
of
these
a
natural
present
Frith
of
competitors
brought
an
seventy-two
match
traversing the
on
Several
show.
feet.
match
one
of
also
is
the
to
Edinburgh
distance
competitor
line
will
sixty
when
of
A
possibilityof
diving
Greenock,
James
from
depth
part in
or
following
carrying
necessity
who
themselves
questioned
reaching
writer
the
as
two
the
nose,
swimmers,
proved
their
emerging
mouth,
from
according
exceed
is drawn
diver
water
feeling exhausted
on
accomplishment
an
experts,
writers
vhere
as
the
own
our
occasions
many
feet.
waist, and
issues
of
merely
"
the
unfrequently,on
Not
water,
diver
downward.
given signal
once.
born
way
^with
"
under
by
obviating
may
waters
never
is aided
thus
who
"
half, and
a
authorities
descent
weight,
or
the
on
remain
and
reliable
most
stone
at
minute
a
people
time
seldom
experience,
minutes.
a
all their
pass
than
longer
these
of
Some
"
that
greatest
is,
dis-
DIVING.
under
tance
the
winner
which
"
and
has
since
been
of
Manchester,
who
in
one
We
dive.
when
diver
he
swam
have
under
was
feat; having
been
one
which
have
The
as
in his
that
"
by
he
be
of
credited
knew
been
stay under
fable, the
at
any
little of either
Diving
is to
a
feats
in
Kercher
"
of
diving
other
with
the
day
says
which
such
even
or
at
man,
a
stories
to
they
of
powers
credited,
a
a
like
is that
extent
who
"
amphibious
for
swimming
great
seconds!
seven
water
exploits
time
this
Pesce, the Sicilian "Fish,"
with
wonder
minutes
record.
being quite beyond
The
famous
public performance,
a
this so-called
dismissed
endurance.
have
authentic
three
feet
excelled
minutes
Athanasius
Father
could
at
greatest
of Nicolo
description of
must
land
any
exploits
related
the
of
certainly
we
for four
under
hundred
even
occasion,
one
on
has
He
fifty-seven seconds.
for
water
Johnson
for this
time
dred
hun-
surface.
Peter
three
taken
the
to
Mr.
over
the
two
swam
"
coming
eclipsed by
is declared
Edinburgh,
at
Baillie
before
feet
forty
place
Mr.
"
line
straight
a
took
competitor
victorious
This
in
water
77
tales
by
time
the
are
human
should
those
who
diving.
natural
accomplish-
DIVING.
78
the
and
ment,
almost
depends
and
capacity
who
can
Any
of
can
to
go
or
object
an
of
excel
at
and
move
twenty
conformation
one
diving,they.should
under
of
water
and
return
to
to
hold
can
this
recover
and
a
without
surface
he
time
thirty feet,
time
the
to
lung
; in
or
have
circumstances
ordinary
water
yet although every
;
thirty seconds
say
depth
a
the
on
ordinary capacity
for
under
stay
least.
at
his breath
not
descend
to
one
lungs
may
extent
some
the
of
altogether
of the
swim
enabled
be
length
in
body
"
much
exertion.
If
a
swimmer
help
a
drowning
struggling on
Many
life
a
unable
to
drowning
upon
diving,
the
or
has
been
lost
under
as
can
well
as
go
to
whether
he
be
the
bottom.
on
swimmers
by
would
the
swim
lying
surface
the
We
not
care
surface
person.
all who
and
person,
the
go
this, he may
accomplish
can
and
catch
therefore
the
along
the
impress
of
importance
moving
being
practising
surface
of
water.
With
the
down
a
impure
knowledge
and
of how
fillthem
forty, fifty,or
with
to
empty
fresh
the
air,one
sixty seconds,
without
lungs
can
of
stay
great
DIVING.
and
inconvenience,
extended
careful
by
cleaving through
sight
fine
a
shadow
and
The
experiments
with
buoyancy
The
in this branch
DrVE
the
vigorously, turning
position
in the
and
Work
the
for
the
are
the hands
renew
under
legs
and
at
as
the
of
pressure
of
prove
tage
advan-
"
the
time
same
the
of
of
MING.
SWIM-
WHEN
forming
per-
stroke
arm
hands
the
the
Immediately
the
bottom
:
palms
the
sinking bring
the
to
body
is in
legs sharply together
kick
as
soon
the
as
legs
water.
by bringing
downward
movements
head,
water.
air, and
feet
work
the
of
will
positive part
the
surface
art
the
light
interesting
to
as
SURFACE
THE
FROM
Droop
of the
at
of
is
inflations,"c.
instructions
following
To
different
It
effects
also make
depths
and
water.
gravel
can
powers
downward
of
different
diver
own
interesting,and
working
the
different
at
is very
and
still further
one's
body
rocks
the
on
to
great
watch
to
of clear water.
water,
a
of
be
may
practice
is fond
diver
clever
time
attention
The
of endurance.
the
the
79
in
are
the
round, and
arms
Of
ordinary swimming.
made
upward,
with
soles of the feet directed
the
to the
course
palms
of
surface.
DIVING.
8o
Inflate
To
for
inflating,the
Before
of all
emptied
helped
by
chest
larger supply
After
be
eight
ready
for
be
done
should
If
oppression
The
is
of
quantity
air.
mouth
with
the
is further
and
stooping
should
air
pure
the
ing
exhal-
by
process
chest
the
with
be
menced
com-
tion
inhala-
"
immediately
one
head
the
ceding.
pre-
and
shoulders
of
holding
lungs capable
a
of air.
good breaths
ten
or
the
into
plunge
without
the
of
allow
oppression
divers
bath.
is
take
deep
should
water,
which
a
feeling
a
a
further
diving
in
the
by
if swallowing
as
not
nostrils.
eased
little water
would
of
small
very
the
throat,
and
We
diver
through
escape
mouth
the
surface
experienced,
to
the
jerk.
any
under
occasionally.
salt water
and
is done
lean
the
Some
This
expands
this, especially in
a
completely
the
air
feeling
gulping
be
than
getting
on
must
inspirations each
renders
; this
back
lungs
short
being longer
the
Water.
contracting
by taking
As
under
open,
Inflating
forward.
Stay
air.
impure
mouth
with
Long
a
into
the
recommend
sea,
or
in
DIVING.
82
the
object,and
looking
for
it when
discovered.
To
Come
upward,
knees
to
both
get
and
feet
careful
the
to
and
not
keen
that
the
the
surface
To
is the
the usual
has
hands
at
partly
act
the
as
or
shallow, and
or
left.
Some
the
stroke
To
Shallow
is
judge
always
Dive
the
use
the
from
or
Deep
in the
of
keep
breathing
before
at
by keeping
direction
the
the
of the
The
water.
swimmer
going
in the
direction
the
distance
under
hands
coming
Water
accomplished
to
ments
move-
mouth
under
surface
rudder
from
divers
light and
the
to
the
reached.
angle partly
an
from
deceptive,
his
the
open
Distance
is
the
before
recover
been
actually
Depth
hands
and
is to
bend
downward.
mouth
to
face
The
is sometimes
amateur
a
Same
feet
light
stroke.
directed
the
open
inclination
ground,
carry-
the
good spring
a
being
The
Swim
THE
the
to
surface.
so
with
with
in this instance
Be
the
to
push upward
bottom, swimming
Turn
Suri:ace.
the
and
it up
pick
to
deep
of
right
by
water
The
accordingly.
leg
same.
Heights
different
Water
is
merely
into
a
matter
DIVING.
inclining the
of
less acute
when
When
into
describe
A
deep
may
angle
of
surface
with
angle
of
be
the
accomplished
with
The
This,
to
eight
five
feet
about
at
last
point
be
curved,
face
hands
put
together
strong
of
the
stroke
the
two
effect
well
glide
an
upward,
work
fingers should
an
into
and
the
toes
be
but
the
water,
the
at
done, is
spring off,
of
deep
should
body
the
front
into
splash,
turned
in
or
when
The
after
entered
fine
a
seen.
has
height
should
body
without
water
it
as
should
the
body
any
kept perfectly rigid
points
four
about
almost
feat.
the
through
a
to
consequence
from
water
the
ninety degrees.
beautiful
by
the
not
bottom.
of say
into
from
Header
will
soon
the
at
height
done
be
water
being
or
forty-fivedegrees.
The
a
more
careful
else
angle,
an
a
the
above
angles
be
water
knock
from
plunge
feet
shallow
severe
a
different
at
springing off.
sharp
too
be
may
body
S^
as
back
the
and
then
head,
The
upward.
first above
emerge
surface.
On
quick
coming
strokes
to
or
the
after
surface
splashing.
To
a
give
dive
avoid
eff^^ct to
the
dive
the
with
apparent
noise
made
burst
the
Practice
in
teaching
instructions.
stroke
be
should
Neither
ease.
and
gracefully
should
there
be
any
with
mouth
renewed
the
Ups
as
if
one
about
was
to
open.
and
one
will,
experience
to
dive
than
however,
volumes
do
of
more
printed
CRAMP.
muscular
The
":ramp
is
this
the
to
be
wondered
its
when
it
the
renders
body,
popularly
nearly
at,
to
and,
itself
of
dread
attributed
are
in
is
contraction
so
it
hold
affected
Nor
fatal
many
influence,
gets
as
swimmer.
every
as
known
on
limb
is
painful
very
of
part
any
the
for
accidents
time
the
being
powerless.
attack
The
the
and
the
is
swimmer
bather
muscles
after
a
them.
upon
whose
body
water,
or
has
has
it
not
severe
or
It
been
given
if
will
too
off
the
of
one
is
it
rid
is
of
legs
it
are
also
cold
much
not
at
on
by
the
attack
on
been
bather
entering
caloric
the
properly
has
strain
once
violent
been
having
arms,
and
after
water
undue
or
severe
very
brought
cold
into
gone
the
relaxed
getting
often
having
exercise,
put
of
Very
adopted.
sink
may
means
proper
in
generally
in
the
con-
CRAMP.
86
of
sequence
will
It
water.
often
should
on
come
immersed
long
too
in
when
one
floating for
motionless
in
indulge
cold
been
having
length
any
of time.
of the
One
is to
of cramp
jerk
effort to
air and
the
back
If the
turn
the
and
generally
toes
upward
a
again.
This
successful
Should
these
unsuccessful
the
case
him
If
keep
or
and
of
the
lie
the
attack
will
great
a
his
arm,,
he
must
be
need
all
he
may
should
off
severe,
his
for
so
kick
and
but
very
;
If the
; avoid
turn
on
pain
scull
with
kick
with
which
in
both
of
shore, let
all
ing
splash-
the
back
is felt in
the
be
cramp
presence
the
from
collected
movements
perfectly still.
legs
them
leg
the
turn
"
painful
a
the part
"
shake
to
distance
thoughts
violent
is
gone.
remedy.
swimmer
mind.
the
up
has
leg
swimming
in
suddenly
as
pain
calf of the
attempts
the
the
until
it
body, hold
pull
sudden
a
suddenly upward
when
then
rid
getting
by
and
body, pulling
the
toward
out
limb
is in the
seconds,
often
the
affected
most
suddenly
affected
of
means
back,
repeating
contraction
some
the
on
from
out
again,
effectual
most
either
hands;
legs,
if in
and
CRAMP.
proceed
the
in
87
direction
the
of
boat
nearest
or
landing point.
Should
the
the
bring
must
cramp
feet
crouching posture,
the
over
up
A
friend
of the
swimming
hundred
yards
the
when
floating
by
sudden
The
the upper
painful
attack
and
seizes
thus
power,
sinks
and
to
retains
keep
on
is
his
the
a
senses.
the
back, endure
the
Bad
the
have
been
the
as
of
pain
its
species
body
swimmer
mode
and
under
This
air from
weight.
severe
effort
an
of its floatative
The
is felt in
swimmers
without
hope when
succeeded
It is very
good
deprived
like
it,especially
which
is that
part of the
body,
two
it off.
the
the
long
a
last
the
has
and
abdomen.
expels
of
course
felt
influence.
^which
hands.
for
powerful
chest
attack, there
of cramp
upper
a
well
come
both
often
sending
almost
in
legs severely cramped;
has
action, and
the
"
with
bather
body
knees
long time,
in
and
sink
to
the
to
swam
both
a
form
in its
known
for
body
sudden
scull
himself
jerking
worst
up
match,
with
writer
close
the
legs,
writer's,during the
distance
while
both
letting the
and
body,
seize
of
contracts
"
lungs;
or
and
ing
sustain-
is this kind
keeps
calm
procedure
with
as
of
much
is
CRAMP.
88
fortitude
the
keep
to
hands
using
and
the
keep
to
inflated
lungs
and
command,
can
steadily
to
arms
use
by taking
Kick
possible.
as
as
one
as
muscles
chest
and
tions
inhala-
vigorously,
and
the
of
long
as
increase
effort
every
speed
as
well
shoulders
in
exercise.
The
the
by
mentioned
last
been
and
arms
kept
muscles
each
case,
every
safely out
of the
has
affected
been
strong
for
arms
and
the
water,
that
a
body
having
great
length
shoulders
during
should
be
caused
are
not
of
part
their
former
Should
of
and
rubbed
an
briskly, and
embrocation.
till the
have
muscles
The
knotty lumps
of the
contraction
those
patient feel
well
up
warding
again
the
as
up
got
muscles
resumed
elasticity.
the
wrapped
it
been
part of the body which
be
kept
by
disappeared,
to
has
swimmer
should
have
means
the
rigid
when
spiritsapplied
rubbing
be
of
stroke.
In
which
of
is caused
cramp
sufficiently relaxed
been
having
of
parts
upper
stiff and
too
time, the
of
kind
in
case
in hot
off the
inclined
to
flannels
or
sleep he should
blankets,
attack, which
of chill while
as
might
sleeping.
After
a
turn
re-
a
WEEDS.
Next
to
himself
find
to
grow
feet,
twenty
he
careful,
his
that
discovery
he
Immediately
the
weeds,
strokes
water,
to
keep
as
the
to
the
feels
with
it
using,
the
legs
his
the
pull
is
surface,
fast
by
and
needless
clear,
scull
by
the
to
turn
out
to
surface
enemy.
the
on
deep
making
steady
every
say,
the
of
long
these
over
cease
once
along
clear
and
if
startling
held
passing
at
legs,
body
limbs
are
himself
should
swimmer
motion
any
and
blades.
thong-like
slimy
caught
the
are
in
along
stringers,
arms
or
fifteen
to
rence
occur-
make
soon
to
These
himself
find
to
legs
six
moving
disagreeable
may
is
uncommon
no
when
water,
the
of
clump
a
not
the
deep
from
of
is
it
swimmer
stringers.
or
swimmer,
comparatively
in
that
the
of
height
a
so
the
for
dread
sea-weeds
among
generally
and
the
cramp,
back,
water.
arm-
of
the
precaution
As
soon
float
them
WEEDS.
the
Should
the
on
back
the
with
slip
the
off
by
heel, and
manner
when
as
it will
be
loosen
the
the
from
in
if the
be
is
cautiously
limb
the
leg,
round
other
Of
is
leg
is
It
time
in
any
part
same
course
the
bound
folly
to
use
endeavour
an
the
working
the
the
stocking.
a
the
and
somewhat
to
the
of
other
body.
be
must
movement.
slowly
methods
safe
feet, and
stringers
used.
same
the
lying
and
surely
of
extricating
at
all
formed,
perone
s
weeds.
Swimmers
dive
off
directions,
the
in
toes,
sculling
above
are
self
hand
one
the
along
from
weeds
performing
The
that
the
at
the
While
hand
the
with
bound
the
between
must
arm
hands
to
putting
plain
opposite
both
opposite
while
must
one
slowly
very
fingers
and
leg,
caught,
be
beat
hand
his
insert
legs
91
the
must
be
neighbourhood
careful
of
a
weedy
times
bottom.
not
to
STING
THE
Another
the
called
"
Sea-bladder,"
Jelly
in
seen
moving
along
the
part
top
like
the
through
a
variety of
a
'*
known
Starcher," and
in the
of
the
by
movements
the
disc.
If any
the
body
is
out
the
the
of
of
the
of
sight.
In
water.
forward
contraction
immediately
at
and
when
first
sight
floating mushroom,
dome-shaped
portion
July and
convex,
resemble
life
in the
coasts
of
partially melted
of
water
and
or
our
months
are
water
ball
a
piece
they
animal
marine
at
the
form
surface
advance,
sinks
of
numbers
between
In
September.
in
of
popularly
and
Sea-blubber,"
great
time,
summer
on
sting
interesting specimen
be
seem
is the
which
to
annoyance
Fish."
This
is to
of
Medusa^
"
FISH.
JELLY
sources
subject
are
Acalcphce
as
''
the
of
swimmers
THE
OF
of the
motion
and
creature
contracted
and
floating
snow
its
part
progress
is
kept
is attained
delatation
is
and
of
touched,
the
fish
THE
tints, is
beach
and
Blainville
that
soft
solid
that
fragile
so
it melts
De
FISH.
JELLY
decked
95
in the
purest
abandoned
when
the
on
disappears.
These
"
says
"
they probably
ground, require
sustain
to
THE
OF
diaphanous tissue, often
Its
so
STING
creatures, which
could
not
themselves
in
the
fluid
got for them
from
on
repose
in order
agitate constantly
to
are
which
they
inhabit."
These
the
movements
of
name
of
action
weak
and
feed
taking
without
all
along
three
feet
throw
out
the
the
Fish"
in
a
as
resembling
human
prey
or
chest.
have
at
tite,
appe-
mouthful
one
masticate
its
and
out
with-
Should
holds
fast
until the
slightestmotion
with
it.
Medusa
tive
cap-
efforts, when
of
the
Fragile
voracious
a
Mrs.
or
little show
been
ancients
shellfish, molluscs,
divide
tired
with
"Jelly
their
resist,Mr.
grown
swallowed
in the
young
to
making
has
of
on
time
victim
motions
they look, they
as
swallowing
worms,
had
lungs, the
respiration
and
the
sea
the
it is
if it
as
ill-feeling
perfectly passive.
vary
in
size
diameter.
In
phosphorescent
species produce
an
from
some
few
a
instances
light after
acute
inches
pain
dark.
where
to
they
Most
they
THE
96
touch
with
that
to
occasions
me
with
pain accompanied
liquid which
The
an
acrid
nature,
Fredol
of
the
of
the
into
naked
the
and
out
board,
the
violent
that
of
case
Priiicess
seize
the
skin,
a
surrounded
a
fever
his person,
being
on
inflammation
set
jumped
feelingof burning
assistance, and
and
one
seaman,
young
magnificent specimen
with
pain
brain
is of such
Louise, who
a
creature
for
severe
dried.
overcome
cried
pain
on
man
blister
to
sea
and
irritate and
the
The
physcalia.
sudden
body
the
of
crew
it
bladder
sea
fills part of the
been
mentions
named
are
convulsions."
to
as
it has
after
even
"The
a
contact
signifying nettle.
it,
touching
on
in
they
word
of
feeling is
coming
on
Greek
says
The
body.
nettle, hence
the
Feuill^e
FISH.
JELLY
human
of the
from
Acalephae,
THE
experienced
leaf
the
Father
OF
part of the
any
similar
STING
taken
became
in, and
fears
were
so
tertained
en-
for his life.
in
Fishermen
often, when
much
to
taking
pained,
with
different
and
particles of
the
cording,
in
their
parts
nets,
of
coast
our
have
their
blistered,by coming
the
even
in
jelly fish which
had
after
been
they had
very
hands
contact
adhered
broken
STING
THE
98
should
OF
the
leave
water
swallow
possible
also
slightly diluted
hour
until
the
sickness
Fishermen
a
mixture
snuff
and
to
of
the
to
the
on
some
a
quickly
as
brandy
or
affected
small
part.
dose
of
monia
am-
repeating
every
Scotland
apply
gone.
coast
west
the
water,
has
brandy,
to
take
with
as
undiluted
applied
is to
remedy
and
once,
brandy,
be
FISH.
JELLY
at
some
spirits should
Another
THE
of
part.
This
extent
prevents
tobacco
and
whisky
or
deadens
mixture
the
after
or
the
pain
consequences
of sickness.
It has
the
has
soda,
or
inwardly
On
to
be
that
found
properties
evil
the
been
of
of
effects
will
afford
getting better,
of great
any
counteracting
the
ammonia
almost
poison.
applied
to
to
of the
a
alkalies
great
Therefore
the
part,
extent
potass,
or
taken
relief.
a
gentle
advantage.
laxative
will
be
found
POPULAR
*
'
Error
of
opinion
it."
combat
There
are
with
their
greatest
Some
insist
on
watch
hind
teachers
and
writers
which
he
the
kick
to
and
the
to
the
his
web
feet
pushes
the
having
been
body
kicking
in
a
be
body
the
straight
always
in
than
the
the
straight
his
so
the
surface
feet
so
lines.
as
that
This
line, and
frog.
toes
them,
forward.
to
kicks
frog
his
attain
better
resisting
delivered,
will
to
of
opening
the
be
the
ideas.
that
connecting
may
has
swimming
can
as
back,
straight
these
movements
mistake,
household
teacher
delusion,
the
common
like
on
nothing
art,
great
a
spread
of
the
imitate
legs
soles
free
connection
so
the
occasions
dispelling
the
in
almost
seems
many
in
is
is left
reason
become
in
and
This
have
continuing
on
where
errors
difficulty
perfection
up
which
mention
and
words,
tolerated,
popular
many
swimming
that
be
may
Jefferson.
"
to
ERRORS.
with
part
are
on,
of
pulled
ing
recover-
POPULAR
lOo
therefore
It must
proportion
in
with
the
are
must
act
It will
be
seen,
in
the
such
as
propelling
Another
of
pressure
often
weight
used
"
of
with
his
the
eyes
before
water
they
going
under
the
lids
on
open,
the
eyelids prevents
also, that
and
while
that
is
cannot
the
be
surface,
that
prevents
done.
being
Franklin, in his
Dr.
first to
on
gone
and
means
employed
repeated,
between
water
if closed
the
the
man
mechanical
when
under
goes
being closed,
opened
The
opened
the
one
with
struction
in-
power.
error,
if
diving
them
unless
"
the
to
resisting surface,
the
not
are
different
a
referring
that
small
so
compared
quite
foot-plates,ox flippers are
as
a
as
feet
being
body
on
plain swimming,
therefore
never
his
of
size
being
not
man,
of his feet
he
on
of
soles
the
to
that
plain
frog, that
principle.
soles
be
the
and
web-footed,
ERRORS.
make
this
and
surface
is, that
closed
of the
inconvenience.
swimming,
on
other
mistake, and
the
false
both
eyes
propagating
fact
essay
at
will
water,
and
under,
that
theor}^
mouth
and
as
well
without
the
have
writers
absurd
and
was
can
as
the
be
above,
est
slight-
POPULAR
Franklin's
Dr.
written
the
of
full of mistaken
bathe
the
heavy,
and
the
than
at
face
and
It is
an
of
of
method
advocated
lead
the
slimy
in
the
and
one
as
could
not
fatal
will
is
and
the
water
how
matter
no
as
place
the
find
altogether
the
in
and
water,
head
the
time
on
weeds,
to
same
of
means
a
be
given, or
to
attempted
dive
The
catch
to
lately
seen
rid
the
this
extricating one
one
s
of
piece
likely
more
long
hold
impossible.
to
in the
from
roots
mischievous
more
a
the
by
have
results.
is next
in
out
slippery, that
who
raining,
reverse
rain,
We
Water.
and
water
should
one
is
time,
caught
weeds,
to
is
and
comfortable
a
of
pull the plant
bottom
to
the
in, he
the
when
to
instruction
at
pleasant.
error,
from
Now,
swimming
at
attempt
self
but
man,
no
it
other
any
is very
that
when
shower
a
shower
a
not
was
large error,
has
dress
sensation
having
air
swimmer
during
warmer
great
one
is cold.
the
undress
that
prevails
open
water
If
case.
to
idea
the
in
which
ideas.
popular
then
by
friend, was
a
loi
swimmihg,
on
essay
spontaneously
request
A
ERRORS.
himself
is
grass
of
so
it when
The
tunate
unforof
weeds
POPULAR
I02
in
this
in
all
the
would
manner
probability
become
live
never
and
entangled,
more
else
tell anyone
to
of
error.
is
It
swimmers
who
some
brought
The
good
teacher
amount
of
made
lessons, than
enabled
the
care,
with
to
as
careful
teacher
all
the
have
day
present
of
eyes
that
it will
rule
a
Nearly
if
be
best
been
old
and
they
greater
the
much
since
body
far
in
practice.
swimmers
years' practice,
more
with
average
less
had
in
progress
done
a
by himself,
away
with
or
an
excellence
an
number
twenty
had
to
works
without
observation,
sustain
attain
have
to
of
possessed
time, and
of
enough
fortunate
who
one
times
our
and
is
will,
half
have
a
the
the
who
of
have
under
without
but
intelligence,
advance
We
swim
self-
professors.
pupil
than
occur
to
of
art
under
up
experienced
less
the
of
exponents
It does
excel.
not
that
people
many
best.
swimmers,
do
they
the
learned
good
found
great
a
are
have
become
in
with
idea
an
taught
who
ERRORS.
ten
hints
they
in the
from
at
water.
twelve
or
friends,
first
were
SAVE
TO
FROM
LIFE
DROWNING.
"The
Who
he
One
In
like
acts
in
And
a
"Dr.
new
as
new
ones,
capital
the
loss
the
says
the
or
accession
names
a
place."
"Transactions
of
as
commercial
produces
or
the
loss
stock,
general
of
the
is
means
on
:
the
concerns,
a
or
to
we
follows
Treatise
approved
the
1794,"
to
1774
propounded
*In
that
to
deed,
"
multiplies
insomuch
benefic
from
his
in
proceed,
race,
your
value
some
Nations,
capitals.*
few
all
grants
of
Smith
capital
every
records
raise
again.
human
the
slain,
doth
friends
the
approves
thousand
death
gen'rous
of
volume
of
Adam
of
ye
praise,
our
ten
weeping
Society,
theory
Wealth
the
its
Humane
Royal
find
1st
his
patrons
Heaven'
with
untimely
these
noble
High
the
to
demands
victory
from
who
victim
Ye
In
of
boasts
Than
less
hero
conquering
be
of
number
of
accession
of
considered
procreating
SAVE
TO
I04
This
"
as
to
fair
a
of
the
as
the
subduction
tends
The
ancient
to
light,and
he
the
the
of
has
Considering
and
the
can
we
of
the
seeing
his
to
is due
life
only
not
us
humane
this
duty,
fears
perform
it.
of
lives,
be
of
the
infinite
value.
question
in this
honours
citizen.
him
on
For,
this
saved
all
nearly
country, whatever
a
at
argument
the
to
Societies
to
pass
and
not,
as
National
reasoned
but
one,
of
the
over
even
in
at
sound, how
Lifeboat
noble-hearted
fellow-creature
a
mass
has
many.
Humane
afford
of
by
highest
a
the
considered
be
conceded
looked
the
past
series."
it must
preserve
the
number
a
it
that
general
is to
of
riches
bestowed
perhaps given
praise
been
it has
the
to
or
country,
a
Romans
saved
they,
from
ascending
writers, constitutes
then
single life,not
a
lation
popu-
establish
may
position,
addition
or
an
Population,
who
of
of
population
in
we
incontrovertible
propagation,
increasing
that
so
addition
or
of
equally applicable to
commerce,
and
subduction
period
is
proposition
as
DROWNING.
FROM
LIFE
our
Institution
country.
individual
risk of
and
his
Nor
efforts
swimmer,
danger,
the
much
who,
knowing
own
life,
SAVE
TO
io6
whose
sins,
think
One
would-be
effaced
of
the
says,
from
my
restored
to
round
the
knees
kisses
and
tears
family
were
not
had
they
and
want,
never
shall.
There
are
justice
to
person
when
in
the
following
service,
ue.
as
We
have
to
water,
to
lessons
showing
all
a
we
the
taught
grown-up
that
hope
if
only
should
that
however,
who
to
place
sion
expres-
humility
carry
not
think
of
may
he
in
twice
insensible
an
speak
approved
them
His
to
on
arms
showered
in their
have
themselves
struggles of death,
The
would
his
preserver
swimmers,
themselves,
trusting
in
trust
joy
and
affirmed
their
power
we
clasped
profuse
repeatedly
the
was
a
never
hour, that
an
feet.
his
less
many
before
of
preserver
upon
their
of it will
he
his
of
rescue
great
so
consciousness
of
the
memory
victim
much
it in
never
the
the
thanks, and
of
of sorrow."
memory,
preserved,
to
words,
part in
the
"
them
led
have
in the
out
active
an
suicide
be
being
of the world
Out
took
who
truth
some
was
"
trials
and
sorrows,
there
DROWNING.
FROM
LIFE
of
one
in
safety.
prove
methods
in classes
with
of real
of
ever}-
mark
in
the
the
jacket,
and
will
soon
he
can
swim
clothing.
much
there
the
struggling
the
than
if the
The
case
put himself
be
will
OR
HELP
also
swim,
but
apply
who
CARRY
to
may
parts of his
dressed
to
besides,
;
being caught
difference
drowning
person
careful
comparatively fresh, and
To
which
possible
of breath
out
with
in the
if the
clothed,
reversed.
were
must
rescuer
them
person.
the
and
his
portions
of his limbs
use
when
of
greatest
is naked
rescuer
the
than
probability
these
shoes,
taking
speed
of
relieved
extent
greater
of
in the
up
will also have
He
It makes
to
when
is less
grasp
made
had
his
of
in
some
rescuer
heaviest
the
occupied
moments
be
himself
being
of
distance
a
shore, the
the
These
few
ful
success-
practicallyproved
be
divest
to
vest.
attire, the
thus
person
from
yards
time
off
classes
these
lessons.
drowning
of
take
a
their
utilityof
better
109
of
members
have
saving life,and
hundreds
DROWNING.
receiving the instructions,been
since
Should
of
several
of success,
having,
FROM
LIFE
SAVE
TO
the
have
; he
to
must
swim
been
as
of
one
fast
as
the spot
possible.
SWIMMER.
TIRED
rescue
so
reach
little excited
as
A
not
who
accidentally
This
cannot
thrown
SAVE
TO
no
into
the
such
an
such
circumstances.
the
to
his
ordinary
This
and
is
a
carry
easy
The
of
turn
by
the
the
on
will
swim
now
Plate
XL
with
will
front
girl will
fully
back,
to
nearing
must
try
off too
much
to
him,
face
blinding, or
and
to
get
to
time
in
both
use
eyes,
this
extent
some
may
be
caught
catch
him
between
both
at
once.
elbow
hands, keeping the palms
thumbs
person's
and
enabled
When
under
his
on
water,
person.
facing inward,
drowning
be
rescue.
he
and
in the
assisting one
putting
now
hands
his
both
diving
when
must
own
and
rescuer
water
shoulders, with
of his
preserver's neck,
heavy
the
effect of
the
rescuer
him
swam
tired
of
then
stupifying him,
over
or
person,
throw
will have
has
the
or
method
trying this,
and
boy
a
strong
very
to
under
even
rescuer
as
put
of
back, not, however,
hands
the
stroke.
way
means
drowning
his
found
rescuer
breast
Another
a
be
passive,
position.
an
its
by
his
face, the
face
the
and
When
round
are
explain
obedient
requiring help, let
hands
to
DROWNING.
occasionally
may
person
one's
is
if he
water,
one
FROM
LIFE
with
that
round
arms.
the
is with
the
back
Let
him
rescued
one
fingers
part
now
above
TO
DISENGAGE
FROM
DROWNING
A
To
rescue
difficultythan
of
by
water
he
prevent the
life it is
save
will be
a
act
grip
suicide's
shake
been
the
know
himself
the
clear
In
probable
dangerous,
how
stand
of the
accidentally immersed,
from
clutches
no
his efforts
to
the
rescuer
an
that
reason,
would-be
enable
matter
every
such
a
of
such
as
that
in
to
will
means
to
it is well
himself
same
cares
attempts
that
act
the
into
suicide, and
to
course
clutches
suicide
who
one
drowning
disengage
grasp,
the
greater
thrown
determined
to
It will of
can
one
been
than
more
prove
emergency.
have
of self-destruction.
should
swimmer
if
do
caught by
may
strugglesand
The
may
much
of
matter
a
death
may
accident.
what
not
who
person
a
is
the
even
OF
PERSON.
suicide
a
GRASP
THE
him
who
one
how
hard
to
has
he
struggle.
may
The
methods
to
be
explained
have
repeatedly
been
proved
from
the
the
endeavour
chest, then
the
stretch
the
by
legs
this is well
the
will
movement
full extent,
shown
who
and
push
XIV.
Plate
in
will
will
described, and
"Hug,"
at
be
quite
If
him
to
the
at
in the
seize
once
carry
thus
and
unless
caught
that
will be
twined
bodies
being
allow
position for
a
close
of
push
the
off.
XV.,
place
a
method
person
together
that
being
worst
lost
be
release.
of
has
in,
be
can
probability
preservers
feet
is the
swimmer
in all
proper
his
round
so
a
drowning
the
seen,
firmly
to
the
knows
he
might
he
Plate
in
shown
as
possible predicament
room
sudden
and
as
opponent's
safety.
The
As
way
body,
own
his
against
person
rescuer,
before
manner
of
drowning
the
of
as
strongest grip will be loosened,
the
done
mild
a
his
to
up
their
to
him,
from
person
and
out
first in
neck,
clear; failingin this, let
strong
a
disengaging
the
by
will at
feet
the
of
ny
clutches.
close
knees
his
ETC.
of
means
himself
pull
GRASP,
caught
be
XIII., he
soles
the
place
certain
rescuer
to
bring
THE
dangerous
in Plate
him
be
to
most
Should
shown
FROM
DISENGAGE
TO
his
arms
waist, both
there
drawn
is
up
no
in
To
release
with
arm
the
of
hand
FROM
hand
his
to
the
sudden
outward
will
the
time
X
is then
found
of
boat,
be
After
acting
a
and
left
the
at
(See
at
Plate
is under
he
and
once,
the
for any
effective
in need
brought
to
be.
part of
may
trials
they
Of
easy.
shore, or
We
would
these
course,,
be
must
to
taken
bank,
or
strongly
methods
of
practise together,,
and
rescuer
may
practice they
help
practise
number
of
in
of
detail
in
explained
may
Any
number
prepared
So
case
life.
hold
comparatively
and
once,
swimmers
saving
the
movements
water.
difficult,but
to
the
as
advise
each
at
his
thus
before, the person
hold
with
by
will of his preserver.
somewhat
will be
nostrils,then
his
under
right
second
and
drowning person's head
movements
seem
as
head
will relax
the
at
The
the
he
surface
the
the
push
part
the
bring
right,these
the
left
small
drowning person's back,
Once
VI.)
with
the
to
inward
press
his
put
thumb
forefinger against
hand, and
same
the
face, get
ETC.
rescuer
person's back,
movement
bend
GRASP,
firmly closed
drowning
of
THE
himself, let the
the
up
joint
a
DISENGAGE
TO
Ii8
rescued
will find
in turn.
themselves
emergency.
are
these
means
of
rescue,
that
Plate
XV.
OF
RESUSCITATION
DROWNED.
APPARENTLY
*'
By Mercy's
Of
it
alone
care
vital powers
and
sense
Yet
tender
still by
Translation
"He
And
from
cold
and
though pale
;
applied,
means
light,
to
came
Mortals, tho' deprived by water's
That
THE
life may
to
motionless.
recalled."
be
old Dutch
an
embrace
Poem,
lives!
thanks,
'tis all he
can,
to
Heav'n
Mercy gives."
and
Green.
It has
and
often
action
process,
of
been
to
lost
to
been
much
have
done
and
giving prizes
so
the
have
for
accidental
been
had
brought
life has
valuable
a
many
presence
resuscitative
followed
person
of restoration
means
in time.
throughout
in
the
knew
proper
applied
clubs
Swimming
the
And
firma.
owing
having
not
would
after
even
terra
who
one
fatal results
immersion,
alive
some
for the
that, but
happened
the
teaching the
country,
art
of
excellence, might
which
swimming,
also
take
ETC.
RESUSCITATION,
this
up
branch, and
otherwise,
or
been
have
instruct
their
in the
process
of resuscitation.
past
hundred
the
Within
those
fumigation,
and
bleeding.
London,
long
ago
so
following
the
inflating the
lungs.
friction,these
efforts
if the
endeavours
turn
electricity,
Coleman
Doctor
natural
be
of
the
circulation
heart
and
for four
continued
by
apply
previously crowned
not
are
in
'and
of
Electrify the
to
methods
1789, recommended
as
Imitate
"
"
by drill,
many
adopted,
others,
among
members
years,
recommended,
discarded,
123
hours
with
success."
Previous
form
to
1790
"Tobacco
in
further
could
on,
ever
been
Among
is
"It
have
so
much
This
Dr.
1791
form
any
than
Coleman
London
said
probable
recovered
been
eminent
of
it,
highly pernicious,"and
is
more
enematic
that
no
this
where
one
remedy
applied."
the
methods
old
sufflation, and
Howard's
in
But
in the
tobacco
several
by
recommended
practitioners.
has
find
we
of
system
practised
is,however,
the
among
a
chest
in the
very
Hooker's
was
more
and
United
harsh
modern
abdominal
States
method
system
of
ideas
is
pressure,
of America.
of treatment.
ETC.
RESUSCITATION,
124
although
not
of the
Joux,
relates
of
remedies
then
He
and
third
the
In
short
a
were
to
awoke
life.
to
which
such
the
in
not
all the
vain.
in
applied
a
white
heat
of
breathing
the
from
were
drowned
the
man
he
wards
afterization
cauter-
severe
Of
though strongly
even
to
the vital portions.
near
necessarily underwent.
appliances,
are
1873, where
inconvenience
resulted
skin
police in Brussels,
to
signs
only
experienced,
"
stringent means,
half-an-hour
The
Dr.
following:
more
body,
faint
in
and
use
plates heated
time
observed,
course
science
parts of the
upper
of the
in
proceeded
iron
the
as
occurred
modern
applied
so
division
which
case
a
much
as
ordinary
commended,
re-
circumstances
to
easily had.
be
The
instructions
the
National
as
the
yet
than
Lifeboat
most
adopted,
give
as
them
recommended
Institution
practicable
and
we
think
and
we
and
are
now
certain
issued
accepted
methods
do
cannot
by
better
in extenso.
I.
immediately
Send
and
dry
for
medical
clothing, but
kets,
assistance, blan-
proceed
to
treat
the
RESUSCITATION,
patient mstantly
face
the
face, neck,
the
exposing
in
except
whether
downwards,
from
clothing
chest
and
the
neck
and
be
aimed
air,with
open
shore
on
weather, and
severe
127
spot, in the
the
on
ETC.
afloat;
or
the
to
wind,
all
removing
tight
chest, especially the
braces.
The
points
after
secondly,
and
Promotion
efforts
persevered
medical
has
man
to
removing
the
breathing.
until
restoration
to
that
the
Circulation
breathing
life will be
has
a
the
beyond
skin
of
first appearance
of
until
or
life is extinct
drying the
and
if circulation
For
hours,
and
clothes
be
must
energetically,and
two
or
the
restored,
is
and
Warmth
wet
before
one
and
BREATHING;
Breathing
restore
pronounced
promote
made
be
for
in
first
"
Circulation.
and
immediately
commenced
Efforts
to
are
OF
breathing
Warmth
of
The
at
RESTORATION
the
immediately,
not
to
blood
must
natural
be
recommenced,
duced
inthe
endangered.
II.
TO
To
Clear
RESTORE
the
BREATHING.
Throat
"
Place
the
patient
on
etc.
resuscitation,
ijS
the
floor
or
of
the
one
fluids
the
and
the
readily
the
operation by wiping
and
If
the
entrance
If there
be
To
breathing fail,then
ICxtiTK
Breathing
instantly
and
the
mouth.
the
Warmth.
breathing
no
"
Turn
"
the
on
Assist
use
or
"
if the
or
forward,
promote
only slight breathing
the
by
commences,
to
which
free.
cleansing
below
described
treatment
fall
windpipe
satisHictor}'breathing
in
escape
itself will
tongue
and
downwards,
forehead,
more
into
leaving
this
will
face
the
under
arms
position all
mouth,
with
ground
the
patient well
the
side, supporting
head,
and
the
l^xeite
nostrils
the}'arc
warm,
and
allernatelv,
If there
cold
throat
Rub
water,
the
or
cold
with
feather,
a
chest
and
face
and
hot
water
them.
on
be
hand.
at
dash
snuff, hartshorn, and
tickle the
smelling salts, or
"c.. if
with
no
success,
lose
not
but
moment,
a
instantly
"
Breathing
Imitate
To
on
the
on
a
face, raising and
folded
Turn
the
coat
or
body
other
very
"
supporting
article
gently
the
Replace
patient
chest
the
well
of dress.
on
the
side
and
a
ETC.
RESUSCITATION,
little
and
then
repeating
these
beyond,
again;
and
the
minute,
once
or
the
[By placing
is
this pressure
On
the
each
air
uniform
movement,
on
the
let
one
the
immediately
pressure
side.
and
[The first
"
and
of the
result
if not
Whilst
the
body
and
or
back
is
and
turning
whole
of
the
the
placed
with
below
the
body
operations
of
movements
under
the
on
side, removing
before
to
chest.]
pressure
each
side,
replaced
between
on
the
on
the
enters
efficient
increases
it.
Expiration,
tJu
Inspiration^
is
Respiration
too
late.Life.
above
and
blankets
cover,
or
Natural
or
operations
with, dry the hands
clothing
turned
body
solely
arm
measure
commences
The
the
attend
person
head,
second
During
the
bones
or
seconds,
chest, the weight of
when
but
the
on
the shoulder-blades
the
the
out;
that
occasion
five
or
side.
removed, aftd air
face, make
brisk
four
in
times
fifteen
about
patieftton
body forces the
ciently,
effi-
cautiously,
every
the
face, back
the
on
measures
perseveringly
occasionally varying
the
briskly
131
can
are
feet ; and
be
gradually
Breathing;
being proceeded
as
soon
as
procured, strip
reclothe
it,but
dry
the
taking
ETC.
RESUSCITATION,
132
efforts
the
with
interfere
to
not
care
to
restore
breathing.
III.
efforts
these
Should
from
of
course
follows
proceed
minutes,
to
method,
Silvester's
Dr
by
in the
successful
prove
five
to
two
breathing
imitate
not
as
:
"
the
Place
little
inclined
a
support
the
cushion
patient
from
and
shoulders
head
of
article
on
flat
a
and
firm
small
a
on
the
under
placed
dress
surface,
feet;raise
the
upwards
folded
or
back
the
on
shoulder-blades.
the
forward
Draw
the
projecting beyond
the
or
purpose,
be
may
To
-Standing
just above
retain
to
Imttatk
the
the
upwards
the
tape
or
lower
tongue
elbows,
and
draw
may
in that
it
over
this
answer
jaw,
of
patient's head,
be
the
tied
teeth
position.
Breathing
grasp
the
arms
above
the
head, and
for about
two
seconds.
steadilyupwards
stretched
string
band
will
Movements
the
at
of
by raising the
or
made
chin
the
under
piece
a
them,
round
and
and
tongue
elastic
lips: an
keep
and
patient'stongue,
the
arms
gently
keep
them
\By
this
ETC.
RESUSCITATION,
air
7neans
the
down
firmly
the
is drawn
and
patient'sarms
about
for
chest.
them
press
is
turn
and
gently
against the
air
means
Then
lungsi]
seconds
two
this
[By
the
into
135
sides
of
pressed out of
the
hmgs^
these
Repeat
deliber
alternately,
measures
fifteen
perseveringly,about
and
until
effort
spontaneous
a
immediately
which
upon
of
movements
Circulation
to
breathing,
times
in
respire
is
to
cease
and
minute,
a
perceived,
the
imitate
proceed
Induce
to
Warmth.
and
IV.
TREATMENT
AFTER
BREATHING
To
HAS
[By
flannels, "c.
along
The
or
the veins
friction
over
Promote
and
pressure
the
this
towards
must
be
Circulation
and
the limbs
rubbing
grasping
RESTORED.
BEEN
Warmth
PROMOTE
Commence
NATURAL
upwards,
firm
using handkerchiefs,
energy,
the blood
measure
the
with
"
is propelled
hearty
continued
under
the blanket
dry clothing.
the
warmth
of the
body by
the
applica
RESUSCITATION.
136
hot
of
tion
water,
the
flannels, bottles,
heated
patient
respiration has
the
has
be
brandy
a
carried
the
soles
to
house
a
to
after
let
the
room.
life,a teaspoonful of
given;
then, if the
and
returned, small
water,
patient
warm
of
power
quantities
wine,
of
coffee, should
or
should
Observations.
be
because
life does
having
persons
"
persevered
opinion
erroneous
be
kept
be
bed,
in
not
in
that
soon
restored
been
The
for
above
hours,
some
are
persons
make
after
ment
treat-
it
as
able
irrecover-
its appearance,
persevering
for
hours.
Atm'earances
Death.
hot
disposition to sleep encouraged.
should
many
of
The
General
an
the
and
administered.
and
to
restored, be careful
been
have
swallowing
warm
thighs,and
been
restoration
should
water
is
the
play freelyabout
On
of
feet.
If the
air
bladders
or
bricks, "c., to the pit of the stomach,
arm-pits, between
of the
ETC
"
Breathing
entirely; the eyelids
pupils dilated;
contracted;
the
the
Accompany
Generally
which
and
are
the
hearths
cease
generally half-closed; the
jaws clenched;
tongue
action
the
approaches
fingerssemito
the
under
ETC.
RESUSCITATION,
the
of
edge
lips, and
with
covered
are
Coldness
a
these,
frothy
the
as
nostrils^
mucus.
of
pallor
and
well
as
139^
surface
increase.
CAUTIONS.
Prevent
the
body,
Avoid
to
especially
rough
remain
if in
do
the
allow
not
unless
back
round
persons
apartment.
an
and
usage,
the
on
of
crowding
unnecessary
the
body
is
tongue
secured.
Under
the
hold
the
body
in
circumstances
no
body
up
by
feet.
On
no
account
unless
under
should
only
place
medical
be
employed
the
direction,
as
a
a
and
momentary
warm
even
bath^
then
excitant.
it
CONCLUSION.
Ornamental
of
matters
be
Breast,
"c.,
back.
With
the
such
tricks
like
a
like
a
to
lie
top,
at
These
arc
in
dog,
neither
the
will
the
combining
or
the
it
with
water,
like
frog,
a
the
other
many
nor
less
work.
ments,
move-
matter,
easy
instance,
to
pick
apparently
than
an
for
in
this
plain
other,
water
Diving,
of
these
attention
by
of
Swimming
the
play
the
in
Treading,
quite
as
and
bottom
more
find
one
revolve,
and
of
vanced
ad-
object
great
portions
knowledge
pupil
these
strokes.
earlier
to
can
proficiency
Sculling,
the
in
thorough
a
by
Floating,
shown
as
The
Over-hand
and
of
learning
attain
to
are
and
plain,
swimming.
is
at
Side,
the
on
of
aimed
the
water
perseverance,
however
help
branches
to
and
instructions,
extent
great
any
under
feats
patience,
time,
printed
no
and
Swimming
a
to
perform
to
swim
back,
spin
breathing
positions.
difficult
combinations
feats
of
the
CONCLUSION.
plain
of the
himself
water,
nicety
a
the
of
the
of
which
effect
the
whole,
instructions
such
command,
in
or
has
slight, has
any
part
all
along
almost
the
proficiency in
"feel"
of
the
the
been
body.
offer
to
as
could
we
attain
to
useful
most
any
over
one
any
to
of
movement
plain language
as
enable
to
tolerable
how
the
with
well
is,to ascertain
every
matter
no
more
will do
pupil
called, that
object, however,
Our
the
swimming,
it is
the
practising
thoroughly acquaint
as
limbs,
motion
the
of
parts
make
to
When
movements.
difficult
141
branches
of
art.
foregoing
The
in
nearly
as
use
pupils
this
who
have
taught by
serve
as
class
of the
our
us
and
on
allowed
now,
to
teaching.
under
the
our
fact
these
in
add
shall prove
drawing
that
the
who
words
We
as
think
will
care
those
recognize
hundreds
that
take
have
perhaps
before
them
we
that
interest
an
in
physical education.
to
if the
means
written
principles may
general public
of
been
same
justificationin laying
particular branch
And
book
been
throughout,
been
this
when
have
the
possible
as
day
every
instructions
a
close,
lessons
of
we
may
given
helping
any
in
to
be
this
swim,.