1. science
2. social science
3. philosophy
4. ethics

2013
YOUTH/APPRENTICE/LOCAL
CURRICULUM
US L acrosse
Officials
education
progr am
Clinician Information
Overview of Handbook, How to Use the Topics, Materials
Overview
The handbook and workbook have been designed to be easy to use and accessible. Each ‘Topic’
addresses at least one of the essential five core areas:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Professionalism, Responsibility, Ethics
Knowledge and Judgment
Positioning, Field Coverage, Fitness
Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics
Comportment, Communication, Teamwork
These materials can be used for Local, Apprentice, New and Junior official training. The
philosophy in developing a standard curriculum for these four levels is to set a standard of
learning the rules and nuances for all officials.
Within each topic the Youth rule modifications are addressed within the context of the lesson
and/or highlighted at the end. Please make note of the rules modifications throughout each
lesson where applicable.
Some of the rules and information are reinforced within several topics. It is the very nature of
women’s and girls’ lacrosse that many rules are dependent on one another. The repetition is to
help ensure understanding and knowledge of the rules and their application.
The handbook and workbook are not intended to replace the USL Rulebook or USL WGOSC
Official Manual. The USL Rulebook and USL WGOSC Official Manual are the trainer’s main tools
and the backbone for this material. Please refer to these to assist in the teaching of the topics.
How to use the topics
Each topic has been designed as a “stand alone” lesson or one of several to be presented
throughout the training session(s). The depth to which a particular topic is presented can be
based on the needs of the officials being trained and their experience. It is recommended that
New and Junior officials are instructed in almost all the lessons, while the more experienced
Locals may be taught more nuances of the game. If at the midway point of the season all
officials need to revisit a particular aspect of the game, address it through the specific topic(s).
A recommended order of presentation has been included. Each local board and trainer is at
liberty to select the order of presentation. At the top of all the topics is an approximate time
each lesson may take.
Within each topic is at least one activity. These activities have been designed to assist the
trainer(s) in presenting and/or reinforcing the material.
1
For the recommended length of training for Junior, New, Apprentice and Local, please refer to
the Training Grid. It is located within the following pages.
Customize Power point slides
Just like the topics, the power point materials have been designed for the trainer(s) to select
and copy slides to make the power point specific to each session.
Steps to make a power point:
1. Load the “Training Power Point" into the Microsoft Power Point program
2. On the top menu bar you will see a blank piece of paper icon (new)- at the far left
3. Click on it- this will open a new Power Point presentation (called Presentation 1)
4. On the taskbar at the bottom of the screen (blue) two Power Point presentations are
present.
5. On the blue bar at the bottom of the screen, Click on the “Training Power Point” (brings
this document to the front)
6. Move thru to a slide (in normal view or slide sorter view- under “view” on the
top menu bar) to put into the new presentation.
7. Right click (or left click and use the ‘edit’ menu on the top menu bar) on the slide
to select it and choose “copy”.
8. Return to the presentation by clicking on the “Presentation 1” on the bottom blue bar
and right click (or left click to choose the slide and use the ‘edit’ menu on the top
menu bar) and choose “paste” to place the slide onto a blank slide in the new
presentation.
9. Continue to copy and paste the necessary slides for the new presentation(s) by
repeating steps #5 thru 8
10. The slide order can be rearranged by left clicking on the slide and holding the button
down while moving the slide into the new position.
11. Remember to give the presentation an appropriate name or date for future reference.
Materials
Computer
Projector or the ability to display the computer screen
Laser pointer
Power point presentations
USL Rulebook
USL Official Manual
Vinyl board, official and player pieces
Colored ropes
Field diagram
Half field diagram
CSA diagram
Pregame Timetable
Whistles
Flag
Cards – green, yellow, red
Pencils/Pens
Copies of the workbook
Game equipment: crosses – field, GK; GK protective equipment; goggles, different types of balls, etc.
2
Clinician Information
Training Grid
Level of Rating
Trainer Level
Junior/Youth
Local, under the
auspices of a District or
higher rated official or
a District or higher
rated official
Local, under the
auspices of a District or
higher rated official or
a District or higher
rated official
Local, under the
auspices of a District or
higher rated official or
a District or higher
rated official
District or higher rated
official
Junior/Youth
Renewal
Apprentice
Local
Local Renewal
District or higher rated
official
District
District, under auspices
of National or higher
rated official or a
National or a National
Emeritus or an
International.
District, under the
auspices of National or
higher rated official or
a National or a
National Emeritus or
an International.
National, National
Emeritus or
International
National, National
Emeritus or
International
District Renewal
National
National Renewal
Minimum Classroom
Time*
Minimum
Field
Instruction**
6 hours
3 hours
3 hours
3 hours
6 hours
3 hours
6 hours
3 hours
3 hours
2 hours
3 hours
2 hours
3 hours
2 hours
4 hours
2 hours
4 hours
Partner Assessments or
Professional
Development Plan
* Exceptions can be made for candidates having experience with the game
** Field Instruction includes:
o Umpiring a game
o Feedback from trainer
o Standing on the sideline listening to trainers
o Field activities: tangent, quadrant and/or boundary lessons, etc.
3
Clinician Information
Professionalism, Responsibilities, and Ethics
Topic:
Organizing a Clinic
Prior to the clinic
Secure location for clinic.
It is preferable that in addition to a classroom, a field or gymnasium be available.
Arrange for projector; be sure to check compatibility with computer.
Advertise, recruit and inform of date, time and location
Pre-register as many participants as possible
-direct to USL online registration
-local
-state, if applicable
Make copies of:
 USL membership applications – must be USL member
 Local board registration forms, if used
 Participant workbook
 Field diagrams
 Pre-clinic goals and expectations sheet
 Post-clinic evaluation
 Mentor/Mentee guidelines (from Local Board Resource Manual)
Organize the Clinic
Secure clinicians
Establish agenda and assign each clinician to a topic(s)
Establish length of training/clinic
*See Training Grid for recommendations for minimum classroom and field instruction
Considerations for the field or gymnasium:
 Field:
 Have goal circle, arc and fan on field or mini arc and fan
 Sidewalk chalk on a parking lot
 If no lines, consider marking with:
 Baby powder, corn starch, painters’ tape, etc
 In a gymnasium:
 Tapes as approved for floor (masking, painters’, electric,
duct tape, etc)
Gather materials for clinic:
 Extra paper
 Pens, pencils
 Highlighters, Sharpies, markers, etc
 Nametags
 Tape, Post-It notes – small, wall
 Easel, flip chart
4
Gather equipment:
 Sticks – field player, goalie
 Goggles, gloves, etc
 Goalie protective equipment
Materials for activities:
 Ropes
 Vinyl field, player and official pieces
Ideas



for giveaways:
T-shirt, hat, etc with association logo:
Gather free or discount coupons from area sport shops;
Have umpiring specific things to give out: starter kits, extra whistles,
donated shirts from the veterans, etc.
Day of the Clinic or earlier if available
Set up classroom
Connect computer and projector – make sure it’s working and have a plan if it
may not
Set up registration area
Workbooks available
Pre-clinic goal sheet
Food or snacks, if applicable
Set up field
Stations
Goal circle, arc, fan
Ropes untied, ready to go
Clinic Follow-Up: Day of and beyond
Wrap-up session
Revisit/review what has been taught/discussed
Collect clinic evaluation sheets
Establish mentor – mentee relationships: connecting veterans with new officials
Someone to monitor mentors and mentees
End of season review by new officials:
Questionnaire
Survey
Written letter
5
Clinician Information
Professionalism, Responsibilities, and Ethics
Topic:
Teaching Strategies and Learning Styles
Teaching techniques to keep in mind
Keep your students actively engaged.
Ask open-ended questions that encourage students to display their understanding of the
materials and promote discussions.
Keep in mind there are many different learning styles:
 Association/reference with other sports, careers, common situations
 Demonstrations
 Audio-visual
 Instructor led
 Role-play
 Large group
 Small group, partners
 Interactive:
 Motivation: lollipop for correct answers, giveaways, etc.
 Stations
Be in tune with your participants – give breaks as needed.
Stay open to answering questions throughout the presentation and breaks.
Be careful not to scare students with too many ‘war stories’ especially about bad coach
or fan behavior.
How to facilitate learning
Know the material and be enthusiastic
Have good communication skills
Be an active listener
Encourage an open classroom through discussion and questions
Be aware of nonverbal communication
Value the opinions and views of participants
Stay neutral and nonjudgmental
Treat all students with respect
Offer a way participants can contact you with questions during the season or avenues
that can be pursued to get answers.
Managing the classroom
Provide clear objectives for the session.
Stay on schedule.
Keep the training session moving along. If more time is needed for a topic plan to revisit
it during another session.
Be available to answer individual questions during breaks, if needed.
Offer positive and corrective feedback.
6
Introduce – Teach – Review
Introduce each topic and give the objectives of the lesson.
Teach the activity.
Review the materials.
“Tell them what you are going to tell them, tell them, tell them what you told them”
Push – Pull – Balance
Push = information flows mostly from the instructor
Pull = students are engaged through discussion, activities, questions, etc
Balance = keep both areas of push and pull in ‘check’
Post-clinic evaluation
Use this to help modify and improve the next training session
7
All levels
Introduction to Women’s Lacrosse and Official Training
US Lacrosse Mission Statement
Through responsive and effective leadership, US Lacrosse strives to provide programs and services to
inspire participation while protecting the integrity of the game. We envision a future, which offers
people everywhere the opportunity to discover, learn, participate in, enjoy, and ultimately embrace the
shared passion of the lacrosse experience.
US Lacrosse Structure
US Lacrosse is the National Governing Body (NGB) for Lacrosse in the United States. There is a Board
of Directors, US Lacrosse staff, and various committees and sub-committees that oversee all aspects of
lacrosse in the United States. Officials for the women’s game are part of a Local Board or Association
that is part of a Region that is part of a Super Region that is part of the WGOSC (Women’s Game
Officials Sub Committee) that is part of the Women’s Game Committee.
The Game of Women’s Lacrosse
The game of women’s lacrosse, often described as a “beautiful and graceful game”, is a non-collision,
incidental-contact sport that is characterized by speed, agility, fluidity and finesse. The use of the
stick, also referred to as the crosse, is limited to throwing, catching, ground ball pick-ups, shooting,
and safe, legal checks (when permitted by rule).
The Women’s Game Committee ascribes to four guiding principles --- 1) “honor the past”; 2) a
“commitment to core values”; 3) “maintain relevance”; and 4) “respect all participants”.




.
“Honor the past” by understanding the history of the women’s game. The first women’s game
in the United States was played in 1926 at Bryn Mawr School in Baltimore, MD. The first
stewards of the women’s game were those that formed the first national governing body for
women’s lacrosse in 1931 --- The USWLA (United States Women’s Lacrosse Association). In
1998 the women and men joined to form US Lacrosse the NGB for Lacrosse in the United
States. For more information about the history of women’s lacrosse visit the US Lacrosse
website.
“Commit to the core values” of the unique game of women’s lacrosse by understanding and
appreciating the differences between the men’s and women’s games of lacrosse. This can be
done by consistently doing the little-big things such as always using the language that is
specific to the women’s game --- using the word “draw” rather than “face off” or using the
words “goal circle” rather than “crease” and always referring to our game as “women’s
lacrosse” not just lacrosse.
“Maintain relevance” by understanding the uniqueness of the women’s game of lacrosse.
This requires the concerted efforts of not only the officials but also the coaches and the players.
How the skills of the game are taught and consequently used in a game is directly related to
the rules and the spirit of the game and how the officials manage the game.
“Respect all participants” in the game of women’s lacrosse by understanding how to “honor
the game.” According to Positive Coaching Alliance it is all about “R.O.O.T.S.” - rules,
opponents, officials, teammates, spectators.
8
Safety, Fairness, Fun
The most successful officials will always identify the tenets of “safety”, “fairness”, and “fun” as
essential in the game of women’s lacrosse.
Safety
 Honor the game and its participants
 Ensure that each participant can play in safety by calling appropriate fouls in a
timely manner
 Enforce the rules, especially those related to safety
 Maintain the integrity of the game and safe play
 Use one’s cards, if necessary, to ensure safe play is upheld
Fairness
 Be consistent with what is called
 Allow the outcome of the game to be determined by the legal, safe play of the
opponents
 Treat the coaches, players and fans with respect
 Expect respect from the coaches, players and fans
Fun



Enjoy yourself and what you are doing
Help the players and coaches enjoy the game
Get to know other officials by officiating with them
Clinic Purpose
“Statement of Philosophy”
From
WGOSC Official Manual Part 1
The official is an integral part of the freedom, flow and spirit of the game of Women’s
Lacrosse. In order to gain the respect of players, coaches, spectators, and peers, the
official must have a current and in depth knowledge of the rules and umpiring
procedures, personal integrity, and the ability to maintain sustained physical effort. The
official must also encourage the highest possible level of play and sportsmanship. The
official must be concerned with the promotion and education of officials, and thereby the
elevation of umpiring standards. The ultimate challenge of officiating Women’s Lacrosse
is to let the outcome of the game be determined by the legal play of the players.
Because the official is an integral part of the game of women’s lacrosse this official clinic is designed to
promote the development and certification of new officials. For those who have already attained a
rating, this clinic is designed to help officials refine their performance and to prepare for the next level
of certification. The development and certification (rating) of officials requires an understanding of and
a commitment to the mastery of skills in the Five Core Areas.
Five Core Areas
An official for the Women’s Game of Lacrosse must demonstrate a level of competency as defined
for each official level (Youth; Apprentice; Local---WGOSC Official Manual Part 1) with respect to the
five core areas:
9
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Professionalism, Requirements, Expectations, Responsibilities, Ethics,
Integrity
Knowledge and Judgment
Game Management, Penalty Administration and Mechanics
Positioning and Fitness
Communication, Teamwork, Comportment, Field Presence
Competency Levels
A Junior/Youth/Apprentice official will be able to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Have a working knowledge of the rules and game procedures (i.e., the draw, the throw,
etc.).
Know how to check basic equipment, playing area and goal area.
Have a strong whistle and a pleasant but commanding voice.
Demonstrate a sense of confidence — be poised, be pleasant.
Have a sense of field positioning.
Be able to recognize fouls and enforce the rules with little regard for holding the whistle.
Demonstrate correct placement of players after a foul has been called; make an accurate
estimation of 4 meters and place the offending player in the correct direction from the
person with the ball.
Recognize boundaries and call consistently to ensure the safety of the players.
Adequately cope with injuries, misconduct, etc
A Local official will be able to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Begin to develop a fine line of interpretations for the judgment calls (dangerous shot,
dangerous check, blocking, charging, delay of game, etc.).
Make the players feel confident in her ability to call the game safely.
Demonstrate good positioning in the midfield and an understanding of correct positioning
in the goal area (tangent).
Have a working use of arm signals indicating direction and begin using the signals for
fouls.
Be consistent and correct in placement of players when administering fouls both in the
midfield and in the critical scoring area. This should be done without wasting a lot of
time.
Begin to demonstrate ability to hold whistle when appropriate and consistent use of flag
in slow whistle situations.
Consistently and appropriately penalize any misconduct.
Use common sense to cope with unusual situations confidently and calmly.
Clinic Structure
The clinic includes classroom as well as on-field instruction, observation, feedback, and
rating/evaluation. Refer to the “Training Grid” for specific recommendations for clinic structure. Each
participant receives a “Clinic Workbook” of pertinent materials to help him/her to assimilate the
information provided during the clinic. The “Clinic Workbook” is designed to be a supplement to the
US Lacrosse Official Rules for Girls and Women’s Lacrosse and the US Lacrosse WGOSC
Official Manual. A written evaluation will be provided to each participant after the completion of the
clinic.
10
Professionalism, Requirements, Responsibilities, and Ethics
Topic:
All levels
Who’s Who and Important Dates
Materials: Local Board website, computer, projector, Wi-Fi access desirable
It is important to introduce new officials to your local leaderships as well as help them navigate
successfully through their first season. Below are ideas for the first meeting; there may be other
topics to introduce. This session can be tailored to the specific needs of the local board.
Here are some topics to consider:
 Local Board Chair and members of the Executive Committee
 Assignor(s)
 Website addresses – Local Board, Region, Local USL Chapter - and how to
navigate and display/project, if possible
 Other useful websites: USL, state association, etc.
 Uniform resources
 Fees and payment
 Important or specific dates
 Rules interpretation
 Calendar for the season
 Clinics
 Other:
Within the Appendix (on the CD of this material) is a template for a booklet for information
specific to the Local Board. It is suggested to have copies of this booklet to hand out at the
training clinic.
11
All levels
Professionalism, Responsibilities, and Ethics
Topic:
Professionalism, Requirements, Expectation, and
Ethics
Materials: USL WGOSC Official Manual Parts 1 and 7
What does “being in good standing” mean?
Every US Lacrosse rated official must:
 Hold a current US Lacrosse officials membership through a USL Local Board.
 Pass the written test every year at the level of her current rating. Failure to pass
the written test will mandate a retake of the test.
 Stay current with the rules and their interpretation and with umpiring techniques by
attending an annual mandatory rules interpretation meeting, held at the National,
Regional, or Local level. Officials are also encouraged to periodically participate in
umpiring clinics.
 Do annual service for her Local Board following the board’s service standard
guidelines.
 Wear the approved umpiring uniform.
“Good Standing” Checklist
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
Complete US Lacrosse registration on line.
Complete Local Board registration forms and pay dues.
Complete state registration, if applicable.
Attend a rules interpretation meeting.
Pass the US Lacrosse rules test online after an on paper practice testing session at home
and/or with a group
Pass the practical field test. (Rating session)
Field Test date and location______________________
Send availability to local assignor
Service to your local area
Additional Local requirements:
Uniform
Starter Kit US Lacrosse website:
www.uslacrosse.org/official/starterkit.phtml
Shirt – ¾” black and white stripe
Shorts, pant, kilt or skirt
Whistle/Flag/Cards (green, yellow, red)
Sportsmanship card, if applicable
Professionalism
It is important as an official to present yourself professionally. This means being prepared with
the proper uniform and equipment. It means being on time and ready to go. It means knowing
the rules and how to enforce them. In short, BE PREPARED and ready to call a safe and fair
game.
12
Steps to Prepare Yourself
 Call partner to confirm game site and time.
 Confirm location, game time, and partner with the assignor.
 Have contact information of partner, school and/or athletic director with you.
 Arrive 30 min. before the start of the game. Be dressed and ready.
 Review the rules - over and over.
 Know the set-ups for the five types of fouls.
 Practice arm signals in front of a mirror.
 Remember your role as an official.
 Emphasize
o Safety
o Fairness
o Fun
 Know the rules.
 Be a leader.
 Officiate the game.
 Avoid fraternizing.
Presentation on the field
Keep your shirt tucked in
Stand tall – posture projects confidence
Loudly blow whistle, it helps to confirm the call
Hustle into position
Ethics
To maintain professionalism and responsibility, it is important to follow ethical guidelines.
When accepting assignments be fair to the teams and yourself:





Do not officiate a game in which a family member is participating
Junior officials must officiate two levels below your age group
Behavior before, during, and after game reflects on you and your officiating team
If problems with another official, contact:__________________________
If problems with parents, fans and/or coach, contact:______________________
13
All levels
Professionalism, Responsibilities, and Ethics
Topic:
Resources
Materials: US Lacrosse website; USL WGOSC Official Manual
US Lacrosse registration


www.USLacrosse.org click on the membership link icon and scroll down to Membership
application or Renewals link.
Membership questions can be answered at [email protected] or 410 2356882x120.
Women’s Officials
Officiating information can be found at www.USLacrosse.org then click on the Women’s Lacrosse
icon and scroll down to Officials. Click on the Women’s Division Officials Council (WGOSC) for
the:

Rules test

Official Manual is mandatory reading for all officials rated as Locals and above and is an
excellent reference for all aspects of umpiring. The Official Manual includes information
about the WGOSC, the Super Region, Region, and Local Board Chairs; guidelines and
requirements for all rating; NCAA and International; clarifies official positioning, penalty
administration and gives examples of making the call.

Current rule changes for the NCAA and the USL are also available.

Flags and Whistles Newsletter – quarterly informational letter for women’s officials

Other vital resources for umpiring:
Sportsmanship policies and card
Rating grid
Approved Eyewear
Legal sticks
Uniform Resources
For New officials US Lacrosse has starter packages:
www.USLacrosse.org/official/starterkit.phtml
What’s Needed:



¾” striped jersey, Black shorts/ pants, Kilt or skirt for women, Fox 40 whistle, Yellow flag,
Warning cards (red, yellow, green), Pencil, and predominately black shoes
Other items to consider: outerwear for rain/snowy weather, hats, gloves, black undergarments.
Remember that all accessories are to be black with little or no logo.
Junior Officials: Local area may choose to require a special shirt or colored shirts for officials.
Where to Get
o
o
o
o
o
It
Officia or 808-874-2287
www.officiastore.com
Official’s Corner or 800-333-5299
www.theofficalscorner.com
Longstreth Sporting Goods www.longstreth.com
Honigs or 800-468-3284
www.honigs.com
Local sporting goods vendors
14
New and Junior
officials
Game management, Penalty Administration and Mechanics; Positioning, Field coverage,
Fitness
Topic: Watching Game Footage
Materials: DVD or movie of game footage, computer, projector, laser pointer
Some of the participants in the clinic may be new to the game of women’s lacrosse therefore it
may be very helpful to show some footage of a game. This can be accomplished in several
ways:
 Have game footage running as participants enter the room. Once everyone is
seated, spend some time ‘talking through’ what is occurring.
 After registration and basic introductions, play the footage for a brief time.
 Have one of the ‘newer’ officials to the board share his/her experiences of the
first year while the video/game footage runs in the background.
 Incorporate this video into the topics for fouls and positioning.
 It is recommended to use youth game footage for Junior official training.
 It is recommended to use high school footage for New official training.
 Ask various high schools if they have game footage/video/DVD that may be used
for viewing.
15
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment
Topic:
Rule 1 Field of Play
Materials: USL Rulebook: Rule 1, USL WGOSC Official Manual Part 12 – Field Diagram, power point
slides
Activity 1
Identify the following parts on the Women’s Lacrosse Field Diagram.
1. Sidelines max 4”
2. End lines max 4”
3. Restraining Line (RL)
4. Center circle and centerline
5. 12 meter fan
6. 8 meter arc
7. Goal Circle (GC)
8. Goal line (important because ball must completely cross for a goal) must be 2”
9. Goal line extended
10. 8m marks on the goal line extended
11. Hashes (1st inside - left and right; 2nd inside - left and right; center)
12. Hanging hashes or outside hashes
13. Coach and team bench area
14. Team substitution area (TSA)
15. Critical Scoring Area (CSA)
Activity 2
Identify a legal goal. Show pictures of illegal goals with post angling back and/or sharp, protruding
pieces
16
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment
Topic:
Rule 2 Equipment and Uniforms
Materials: USL Rulebook, USL WGOSC Official Manual Parts 2 and 3, examples of field sticks,
colored mouth guards, goalie stick, goalie equipment, balls - yellow, orange, textured,
smooth, goggles, tape measure, power point slides, pictures, etc. Youth rules chart
Field Player
Uniform
 Shirt properly numbered on front and back
 If a number appears on a player’s kilt or skirt, shorts or pants it must match the number
on her shirt
 Visible undergarments must be a solid color and must be white, black or one of the
team’s uniform colors
 Refer to Rulebook for more details
Personal Equipment
 Mandatory: ASTM approved eye protection at ALL levels
 Mandatory: Colored mouth guard with no tab
 May be worn: Gloves, nose guards and soft headgear
 Legal – medic alert, barrettes
 No jewelry (not even small earrings or other piercings, be aware of tape) or baseball
caps
Crosse
 35 ½” – 43 ¼” length (molded or wooden)
 2 shooting strings (flat, no shoe strings)
 Youth crosses:
o U15 and U13: Regulation field stick (35.5”minimum and 43.25 “ maximum) and
pocket
o Regulation Goalie Stick-length (35.5”- 52”)
o U 11 and U9 - Regulation field stick with or without modified pocket. Field and
Goalie sticks may be cut to fit comfortably along the length of the player’s arm.
 Mesh pockets are only allowed for the goalkeeper
 Regulation vs. Modified Pocket:
o Regulation - the top of the ball remains above the top of the wall after pressure
has been applied
o Modified - only half of the ball may fall below the bottom of the sidewall
Activity 1
Demonstrate how to perform a stick check and measure a crosse (molded and wooden)
Ask ‘team’ (a few participants) to line up and hold crosses at shoulder height
Drop the ball into the pocket of a horizontal crosse
Apply pressure to the ball in the pocket and release
Top of the ball must remain above the top of the sidewall of the stick
Check to see if the ball moves freely in the pocket
Model measuring a stick: player and goalkeeper (GK)
17
Activity 2
Begin to fill in Rules chart located in Appendix of Youth workbook.
Goalkeeper
Uniform
 Shirt - same team color, number on front and back, worn over padding
 Bottom must match team’s predominate color, black or gray
Protective Equipment
 Helmet with facemask
 Mouth guard – must be worn at all times
 Separate throat protector: wrap around or attached
 Chest protector –worn under uniform
 Padded gloves
 Padding on shins & thighs
 Rules Modification: Padding abdominal & pelvic area
 Note: some state associations may require additional safety equipment for the goalie
Crosse
Ball
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o
35 ½” - 48”
Pocket may be mesh and have varying shooting strings
YOUTH:
 U-15 and U-13 Regulation Goalie Stick-length (35.5”- 52”)
 U-11 and U-9 Goalie sticks may be cut to fit comfortably along the length
of the player’s arm
 U-15/U-13 – Regulation ball
 U-11/U-9 - may use a regulation ball, or a soft ball.
Uniform Requirements

Team uniforms
Goalie uniform
Visible undergarments
Visible piercing must come out. Be suspicious of anything taped. Ask for removal before
the game begins. Note number and check to see if the player has removed the object.
U-15/U-13: Must follow Rule 2: Uniforms
U-11/U-9: It is recommended that all visible undergarments match uniforms.
All youth players, including the goalkeeper, must wear uniform shirt on top.
Uniform shorts or kilt must be worn
Please refer to the USL website WGOSC Resources for:
- Approved eyewear,
- Legal sticks for women’s lacrosse.
Highly recommended: Have as many examples of regulation equipment and uniforms for
display or demonstrations.
18
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment
Topic:
Rule 3 Game Personnel
Materials: USL Rule book, USL WGOSC Official Manual Parts 2 and 3,
Teams
12 players is a full team, with one speaking captain
12 on field before each draw unless a team does not have 12 eligible players
Field Positions, generally and traditionally:
“Attack”, offense, traditionally known 1st home, 2nd home, 3rd home
“Middies, mid-fielders”, traditionally known left and right attack and defense wings,
center
“Defense”, traditionally known as 3rd man, cover point, point; GK
Youth Teams:
 U-15/U-13/ U-11: 11 field players, one goalkeeper
 U/11: may play with 7 field players on modified field – goalkeeper optional or 12 players
on regulation field
 U-9: 7 players on modified field - goalkeeper optional
Coach
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Verbally certifies all equipment meets standards for the level of play
Designates the captain
May approach the official pre-game, half-time or during time outs for clarification of
rules
 Request time outs
 Procedures regarding a tie
 Helps to keep the fans under control
Youth Coaching Area
 U15: coaches may go from substitution area to end line on their own half of field
 U13 and U11: coaches may go the length of the field, behind opponent’s bench
 U9: 1 Coach from each team is permitted on the field for the purpose of instructing
players
Official
Jurisdiction is considered 30 minutes before the game begins until officials leave the
playing venue.
Note: Jurisdiction is considered to be from the time the official arrives until the
time she leaves. If a card is given before or after the game, it is the official’s
responsibility to notify the home school/official scorekeeper of the issuance.
Highly recommended: two USL certified officials on each game
Game Administrator
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School representative to handle game management issues
Ensures timer and scorer are on hand with proper equipment
Ensures playing field is in proper condition regarding safety and specifications
If there is no game administrator, these duties will be the responsibility of the home
team coach
19
Team captain
Attends the captain meeting with officials to:
 Call the coin toss, if visitor, for the choice of end of the field
 Agrees on length of each half and half time (0-10 minutes)
 Clarification of the rules
Official Scorer
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Records the line-ups in the scorebook 10 minutes before the beginning of the game
Keeps record of the goals
Keeps the score for players, coaches and officials
Keeps track of substitutes, notifies officials at next stoppage of play if there has been an
illegal substitution
Records any card next to the player’s name/number
Notify the officials if a team receives its third card
Keeps track of the three minute suspension of a player who receives a yellow card and
records the time on the clock when card is given, notifies coach when the three minutes
has expired
Notifies the official when a second yellow card has been given to the same player
Records delay of game suspension and the time on the clock
Notifies the official when a 10 goal differential exists
4 goal differential in Youth rule - all levels
Official Timer
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Sits at the scorer’s table or has direct radio contact with the scorer’s table
Stops clock on the official’s whistle and arm signal after each goal and on every whistle
(to stop play) in the last two minutes of each half. If a team is leading by 10 or more
goals, the clock will continue to run after goals (no stop clock). If the difference
becomes less than ten goals, the stop clock is reinstated. The clock is stopped on every
whistle to stop play in the last two minutes of each half
Starts the clock on the whistle for the draw
Sounds a horn if there is an illegal substitute
Clock will continue to run if there is a 10 goal differential
Sounds the horn for a substitution after a goal
Notify official when there are two minutes left in each half
Within the last two minutes of each half stops the clock on every whistle, restarts clock
on every whistle
Sounds the horn at the end of each half
Stops the clock with any other indication from the officials
Times time outs and sounds the horn
Tells official scorer the time on the clock for yellow/green, yellow and red cards.
Recommended: Carry a laminated copy of “Scorer and Timer Responsibilities” (in Appendix)
that can be used for review at the field(s) and can be left at the table during the game, if
needed.
Activity
Begin to fill in Youth rules chart
20
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment
Topic: Pregame Checklist
Materials: USL Rulebook, WGOSC USL Official Manual Part 2
Attire and Equipment
 Whistle, yellow flag, cards, USL Rule Book, tape measure, pen or pencil, watch
 While on the field, accessories are black; hat/visor, jackets, sweats, gloves, etc.
 Shirt tucked in, be neat and presentable
Talk with partner
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Field coverage
Shared areas and double whistles
Eye contact, direction signals, goal & RL confirmation signals
Offside – order of information “Red, Attack, Offside, Corrected”
False starts on the 8m
Unusual situations and how to handle them
 Ball out of bounds that has gone a great distance or off field area
 Clock isn’t working properly
 Incorrect penalty administration by partner
 Something unexpected on field such as a dog, stray ball, etc.
 Off ball injury
 Blatant goal circle violations –minor/ major?
 Congestion in front of the goal
Meet coaches with partner
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Introduce self to coach
Ask if their team’s equipment meets the safety requirements for the level of play
Identify the sideline managers, if applicable
Identify the approved health care provider
Have the home coach sign any necessary paper work before the game
Tell the coaches to be sure that the goalie has her jersey over the pads
Walk field
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Walk around field together and note the color of the lines
Check the nets
Be sure the goal is lined up on the goal line correctly: back of the posts on the back of the goal
line (Note: the width of the goal pipe should be the width of the goal line)
Step off the arc and fan as well as the hashes for correct measurement
Note any hazards on the field such as holes, protruding sprinkler heads, etc.
If possible, before the captains and coaches meeting, go over timing of the game with the
timer, 25 minute halves, 5 minute half time, running clock, stopped clock within the last 2
minutes. If the time is 2:04 when the foul occurs the clock continues to run then stops on every
whistle until the half ends. If the foul occurs at 2:00 or less the clock stops the clock on that
whistle and on every whistle until the half ends.
21
Captains and coaches meeting
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Introduce self; have captains and coaches do the same.
Ask if they have any questions on the rules. Review points of emphasis for the season.
Review the boundaries and any safety concerns within the playing area
Review the amount of time for each half and halftime.
Flip a coin decide which end will be defended/attacked. The visiting team calls the coin toss.
If a youth game, clarify what level U-15 full checking or modified, U-13, U-11, U-9. Review the
rules to be sure everyone knows if there is modified checking or no checking, whether or not
the sticks need to have a legal pocket, etc.
If coaches are present, ask if their equipment meets the safety standards for the level of play –
HS, U-15, U-13, U-11, U-9.
Stick check
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Check if the pocket is legal – Youth rules according to age-U-15, U-13, U-11, U-9
Be sure each player presents: goggles, mouth guard not white or clear, check for jewelry,
bracelets of any kind on the wrist and ankle, players are not allowed to cover jewelry with tape
Goalie: check length of stick, mouth guard, separate throat protector, chest protector, padded
shorts, shin guards, gloves, and that the jersey is over the chest protector. Youth: abdominal
and pelvic protection
Sideline manager – Youth games
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Let them know that they are to watch the sidelines and also keep an eye on the coaches
If there is inappropriate behavior we would like them to take care of it, fans are encouraged to
cheer appropriately for their team and not against the other team or the officials
If needed, get the attention of the officials so that they can approach the coach to take action
with the fan(s)
If that does not help, then the game can be ended/called
If it is the coach that is the problem, give a warning to stop the behavior, if behavior continues,
it is appropriate to issue a yellow card
It is highly encouraged that one sideline official stay on the side of the fans and one stays at
the table
Youth points of emphasis:

Review level of play for the appropriate age level

With partner, review rules for this game’s level of
play

Make sure that each coach provides a sideline
manager
22
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment; Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics
Topic:
Rule 4 Time Factors and Scoring
Materials: USL Rulebook, USL WGOSC Official Manual Parts 2 and 3, review mechanics,
whistle
Activity
Question and answer
Duration of play
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What is the minimum/maximum length for each half and game?
 High school
 Youth U-15/U-13: 25 minute halves (maximum); U-11/U-9: 20 minute halves
(maximum)
 Intercollegiate Associates
 Post collegiate clubs
What is the length of halftime?
 High school
 Youth
 Intercollegiate Associates
 Post collegiate clubs
Continuous play except for…. then what?
 Extenuating circumstances
 After a goal (HS)
 Injuries, illness,
 Issuance of a card
 Re-draw
How are the last two minutes of each half timed?
What happens if there is a 10 goal differential?
Time outs
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How many time outs per team per game, including overtime?
When may a team call time out?
How long is the time out?
Who times the time out?
What is the penalty if a team is not ready to resume play at the end of the time out?
Suspended/Interrupted game
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When is a game considered suspended?
What are the circumstances of a suspended game?
Who makes the decision to suspend a game?
When is a game considered legal and complete?
What is considered to be a suspended game?
What happens if a suspended game must be played on another day?
Forfeited game
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What is a forfeited game?
Who can declare a forfeit?
What is the score of a forfeited game?
23
Overtime procedures
Scoring
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What if any procedure is going to be used?
What are the steps of USL overtime?
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A goal is scored when?
When does a ball go in the goal but a goal is not scored?
What happens if after a goal is scored the official discovers a violation of jewelry,
eye protection or mouth guard?
Youth points of emphasis:
 Running clock (does not stop after goals)
 Four goal differential = possession of ball
awarded to the team with fewer goals.
Player may run and pass but may not shoot.
24
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment; Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics
Topic:
Rule 5 Play of the Game
Rule 8 Definitions
Materials: USL Rule book, USL WGOSC Official Manual Part 2, whistles, field, arc, goal circle,
vinyl field and player pieces
Start/Restart of Play of the Game – Section 1
 Each half and overtime, and after each goal, the game is started by a draw,
except when a free position or a throw has been awarded.
 12 players on the field unless the team does not have 12 eligible players in
uniform or is playing with fewer than 12 as a result of a card or cards given.
 A maximum of five from each team may be between the RL during the draw.
 All other players must be below either RL.
 Players must not enter the circle or cross the RL until the whistle blows.
 When the game start/re-starts with a FP or throw at the centerline rather than
with a draw, player positioning for the draw will apply.
 Youth rule - four goal differential = possession of ball awarded to the team with
fewer goals. Player may run and pass but may not shoot
Draw – Section 2
What are the six key points for administering the draw?
1.
For the definition of toeing the line see Rule 8.
2.
Crosses held in the air, above hip level, right side of crosse parallel to and above
the center line back to back so players’ crosses are between ball and goal they
are defending.
3.
Player’s top hand may not contact any part of the sidewall or pocket
4.
Official sets ball, ‘ready’; players remain motionless, heads can move
5.
On the whistle players must immediately draw their crosses up and away from
one another
6.
Ball must attain a height higher than the heads of the players taking the draw
Who can move at the draw? (Anyone not taking the draw)
Activity 1
Demonstrate how to set up a draw. Have each participant practice a draw.
Activity 2
Demonstrate the mechanic for a re-draw. Have each participant demonstrate the re-draw
mechanic.
Illegal Draw – Section 3
 What is an illegal draw?
 A player moves or draws too soon
 Fails to draw
 Illegally touches sidewall or pocket
 Lays the head of her crosse back before pulling up.
 When the ball fails to travel above the height of both players’ heads.
25
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The official who is administering the draw will call any illegal draws.
Once an illegal draw is called, the players must stand.
Penalty administration: offending player is placed 4m away to either side at an
angle of 45 degrees to the center line towards the goal she is defending.
If both players draw illegally or it cannot be determined why the draw was illegal
the official will call time out and a re-draw will occur. Exception: if the 10-goal
rule is in effect no time out should be called for a re-draw.
Start/Restart of the Play – Section 4
 Demonstrate the mechanic for start/restart of play
 Exception: In the case of a “throw” where the visual arm signal is the arm
movement forward on the toss of the ball as the official blows the whistle
Stand – Section 5
 When the whistle blows, all players must “stand” or stop in place, except the
goalkeeper when she is within the GC
 Failure to stand (creeping) is a minor foul and is treated as a delay of game
Restraining Line – Section 6
 For definition of Restraining Line see Rule 8
 Seven players on or over the RL in the offensive end
 Eight players on or over the RL in the defensive end
Out of Bounds – Section 7
See Boundary in USL Official Manual for additional information



When the ball goes out of bounds the official blows the whistle to stop play and
the players must “stand”
Except in the case of a shot or deflected shot on goal, when a player in
possession of the ball carries or propels the ball out of bounds or when a player
is the last to touch a loose ball before the ball goes out of bounds, the opponent
will be awarded the ball when the play resumes.
Carrying or throwing the ball out of bounds is a simple change of possession,
not a foul.
Out of Bounds -Section 8
 A player may not take an active part in the game when her foot/feet are out of
bounds. This is a minor foul.
 Players may not run out of bounds and re-enter to a more advantageous position.
This is a minor foul.
Out of Bounds - Section 9
 When a player has possession of the ball and steps on or over the boundary line,
or any part of her body or crosse touches the ground on or over the boundary
line, the ball is out of bounds and the player will lose possession.
 A player in possession of the ball:
o May hold her crosse outside the boundary as long as her foot/feet are
not on or over the boundary line. If an opponent who is in-bounds
legally checks a player’s crosse causing the ball to fall to the ground
out of bounds, possession will be awarded to the opponent when play
26
o
o
resumes. (Stick checked; ball goes out of bounds; “checker” gets
possession of the ball)
When an opponent illegally causes a player in possession of the ball
to go out of bounds, the ball carrier will maintain possession of the
ball when play resumes. This is a major foul against the opponent.
If a player deliberately pushes, flicks, or bats the ball into an
opponent’s feet or body in order to cause the ball to go out of
bounds, it will be penalized as a major foul.
Out of Bounds - Section 10
When a loose ball touches the boundary line or ground outside the line, the ball is out of
bounds. The player/team that touched the ball last will lose possession of the ball unless
it was a shot or a deflected shot.
Out of Bounds - Section 11
Resume play when a ball has gone out of bounds:
a. Opponent nearest the ball will have possession and stand 4m inside the
boundary from the spot where the ball went out of bounds. If the GK in her
circle is the closest to the ball when it crosses the boundary, she will remain
in her circle to restart play.
b. Any other player(s) directly involved in the play or in the immediate vicinity
of the spot where the ball when out of bounds may also be moved. They
must maintain the same relative position to the player with the ball that they
occupied when the whistle blew to stop play. Opponents must give the player
with possession of the ball at least 1m of free space (stick and feet).
c. All other players must maintain their positions when the whistle blew.
d. Play resumes on the whistle.
Activity 3
On a field or using the vinyl field, set up a variety of out of bound situations and demonstrate
how to administer. Next, set up an out of bounds situation then ask participants to set-up.
Out of Bounds - Section 12
When a shot or deflected shot on goal goes out of bounds, the player nearest to the ball
when it crosses the boundary will place the ball in her crosse and stand 4m inside the
boundary from the spot where the ball went out of bounds. Opponents must give the
player with the ball at least 1m of free space. If two opposing players are equidistant
from the ball (stick or body) when it goes out of bounds a throw will be taken. If the
GK while in her GC is the closest to the ball when it crosses the boundary, she will be in
her GC to restart play.
Out of Bounds - Section 13
A shot or deflected shot remains a shot until the ball goes out of bounds, the ball comes
to rest on the field of play, a players gains possession of the ball, or a player causes the
ball to go out of bounds. It is the official’s responsibility to determine if a thrown ball is a
shot.
Out of Bounds - Section 14
When the ball goes directly out of bounds from a legal draw, call time out and perform a
re-draw. Exception: when the 10-goal differential is in effect time not should be called.
27
Activity 4
Use AR5-5 through AR5-9 in the USL Rulebook as a review.
Goal Circle Rules – Section 15
Only one player may be in the GC at a time, either GK or deputy. No other players are
allowed to enter or have their feet, body or crosse on or over the GC at anytime except:
a.
On a shot, the shooter may follow through with her crosse over the goal
circle; the shooter’s motion must be initiated outside the GC.
Note: Does not apply to any Youth at any age level.
b.
The same situation applies to the immediate defender.
Goal Circle Rules - Section 16
The goalkeeper while within the goal circle:
 Must clear the ball within 10 seconds;
 May stop the ball with her hands, body and crosse if the ball is caught
with her hand she must put it in her crosse and continue with the game.
 Must remove a ball lodged in her clothing, protective equipment or GK
crosse, place it in her crosse and continue with the game.
 May reach outside of her GC and bring a ball in if no part of her body is
grounded outside the GC
Goal Circle Rules - Section 17
For the definition of a Deputy see Rule 8 – Definitions.
A deputy within the goal circle:
a.
May only enter or remain in the GC when her team is in possession,
b.
Must immediately leave the GC when her team loses possession.
c.
May go into the GC to prevent a rolling ball from crossing the goal line.
d.
Must clear the ball within 10 seconds after the ball enters the GC.
e.
May remove a ball lodged in her clothing or crosse and proceed with the
game.
Youth rule: No deputy allowed in goal circle (all Levels) (Major Foul)
Activity 5
Use AR 5-11 and -12 in the USL Rulebook as a review.
Goal Circle Rules - Section 18
Once a team gains possession of the ball in the GC and the ball is cleared the team
must not intentionally return the ball to their GC until it has been played by another
player. For the definition of cleared and played see Rule 8 - Definitions.
Goal Circle Rules - Section 19
When the GK or deputy leaves the GC:
 She looses all GK privileges.
 May only re-enter the GC without the ball.
 May throw the ball into the GC and follow it in.
 Must return to the GC to play the ball if it is inside the GC.
The Throw – Section 20
Two players must stand with feet and crosses at least 1m apart. The defender is nearer
to the goal she is defending. The official stands at least 4-8m away from the players and
28
on the whistle throws an underhand toss so that the players receive the ball as they are
moving forward. No throw is taken within 8m of the goal circle or 4m of the boundaries.
Move other players at least 4m away from the players taking the throw. If no player
touches the ball or if the throw is inaccurate, throw the ball again. A throw is taken
when:
 The ball goes into the goal off a non-player
 The ball goes out-of-bounds after a shot or deflected shot and two players are
equidistant from the ball.
 It cannot be determined which team caused the ball to go out of bounds.
 There is an incident unrelated to the ball and two players are equidistant from
the ball.
 A ball lodges in the clothing of a field player or official.
 Two players commit offsetting fouls (major and/or minor), or after the attacking
team fouls during a slow whistle situation.
 The game is restarted after any incident related to the ball when neither team
has possession and two opposing players are equally near the ball unless the
accident has been caused by a foul.
 The game is stopped for any reason not specified in the rules.
Activity 6
Use AR 5-14 through 5-18 in the USL Rulebook as a review of the throw.
Substitution - Section 21
Both teams may substitute freely throughout the game, after goals and at halftime.
During an injury timeout or because a player is sent from the field for any reason, no
players may substitute or exchange positions. If a substitute is needed, the officials will
make sure she assumes the same location as the player she is replacing and that no
advantage is gained. Time-out is not taken for substitution during the normal course of
play. Re-entry is permitted.
Substitution Procedures – Section 22
Players may renter the game by:
 During play: the player must enter the game through the team substitution
area [See Rule 8 Definitions] and not until substitution is imminent.
 A player may not go onto the field until the player she is replacing is off the field
– including the GK.
 The player leaving the field has the ‘right of way’.
 No other players are allowed in the TSA unless an imminent substitution.
 Substitutes may not block the view of the scorer’s table.
 After a goal a player may enter the game. A horn will sound to let officials know
a player is entering the game.
 Injury substitution should take no more than 30 seconds. Must be made if
trainer/coach comes on the field. Exception: if the back-up GK is a field player
please allow time for the field player to change into GK gear. A player from the
bench may replace the field player. If a free position is to be taken and a team
has no substitutes, the official may move the nearest player to assume the
position of the player who left the field.
 Player suspension/Ejection: no substitution allowed. Exception: if the player
receiving the yellow card warning is the GK and there is no other “dressed” GK,
the GK may remain in the game and the team’s coach must designate another
29
field player to leave the field for three minutes of elapsed playing time. If the GK
receives a second yellow(suspension) or a red card (ejection) she may not return
to the game. The team may substitute another GK and the team’s coach must
designate another player to leave the field for three minutes of playing time.
(Review “Carding Procedures”)
Illegal Substitution – Section 23
 Should illegal substitutions occur, the official would call a time-out and remove
the illegal player. The penalty is a free position for the opposing team at the spot
where play was to resume before the illegal substitution occurred.
 If both teams substitute illegally a throw will be taken.
 If, before a goal is scored, a team is discovered to have an illegal player(s) on
the field, the player(s) will be removed, a free position awarded to the other
team at the spot where play was to begin. If the spot cannot be determined,
play will resume at the spot where the ball was when the error was discovered.
 If an illegal player is discovered on the attacking team after a goal is scored and
before play is restarted, the goal shall not count, the illegal player shall be
removed, and a free position shall be awarded to the opposing GK.
 Note: An extra player, suspended player or a player not listed or incorrectly list
on the roster and/or in the scorebook at the start of the games is considered an
illegal substitute. A player not listed by name and uniform number before the
game may be added to the roster and/or scorebook when the error is discovered
and a penalty imposed against her team.
Activity 7
Use AR5-20 and 5-21 in the USL Rulebook as a review.
Accident, Interference, or Any Other Incident – Section 24
If the game has to be stopped due to an accident, injury or illness, interference or an
incident either related or unrelated to the ball at the time of the whistle is blown, the
game is restarted in one of the following ways:
a. If a foul has occurred, a free position is awarded on a spot determined by the
officials. Play shall not be restarted within 8m of the goal circle or within 4m
of the boundaries.
b. If no foul is involved in the stoppage of play, the ball is given to the player
who was in possession, or nearest to it, at the time play was stopped and
play is restarted at the spot of the ball. If two payers are equidistant from the
ball, a throw is taken.
Accident, Interference, or Any Other Incident - Section 25
Time-out is called at the discretion of the official. No one from the sideline may come
onto the field without the permission of the official and no sideline personnel may come
onto the field for the purpose of coaching. No player may leave her area of the field for
the purpose of being coached. If medical personnel or coach comes onto the field to
attend an injured player that player must leave the field. A substitute must take her
place. If a free position is to be taken and a team has no substitute, the official may
move the nearest player to assume the position of the player who left the field. If the
injured payer is the GK and there is no other “dressed” GK for her team, the GK may
remain in the game.
30
Note: A player rendered apparently unconscious during a game is not permitted to
resume participation that day without written authorization from a physician presented
to the head coach.
Ball Lodged in Clothing or Crosse – Section 26
What is the procedure when the ball lodges:
 In clothing of a field player a throw is taken with the nearest opponent.
 In the crosse of a field player, the crosse no longer meets the
specifications and must be removed from the game immediately. A
minor foul is called, and the official will take time-out to remove the
crosse.
 In the goal netting or protective equipment or clothing or crosse of a GK
while within her GC she removes the ball, places it in her crosse and
proceed with the game.
 In the clothing of an official, a throw is taken by the nearest two
opponents.
Equipment Inspection – Section 27
The head coach verbally certifies all her team’s equipment is legal under the rules. At
any time before or during the game, the officials may inspect any equipment in use. The
officials must inspect all crosses that might be used in the game before the game
begins. At any time during the game, at the official’s discretion, time out may be called
to re-inspect any crosse in use.
 Should the crosse meet specifications; the game shall be re-started by the ball
being given to the player who was in possession of the ball, or the closest to the
ball if there was not possession, when time out was called.
 Should the crosse not meet specifications, it shall be removed from the game by
the official and placed at the scorer’s table for the remainder of the half. Any
crosse not meeting specification may be re-inspected (at half time or before any
overtime periods) by the official for the use in the second half or overtime
period. After the removal of a crosse not meeting specifications, the game shall
be restarted with a free position to the opponent nearest the ball when play was
stopped.
 In the event that a goal was scored with a crosse that does not meet
specifications, the goal shall not count, the crosse shall be removed, and play
shall be resumed with a free position for the opposing GK. Once the game is
restarted with the draw, the goal shall stand. If after a goal is scored and before
the game is restated with the draw, any player other than the shooter is found to
have a crosse not meeting specifications; a free position will be taken at the
center by the opposing team.
 The official shall inspect the crosse of a player upon request of an opposing
coach or player on the field. For any additional requests for inspection of any
crosse meeting specifications, the penalty is a minor foul.
31
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment; Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics;
Positioning, Field Coverage, Fitness
Topic:
Rule 5 Boundaries
Materials: USL Rulebook, USL WGOSC Official Manual Part 3, vinyl field and player pieces,
field diagrams
Boundaries
Responsible for length of field with back to the sideline
Behind the goal = Lead
‘Coffin corner’
Activity 1
Making the call - Question and Answer
Making the call – After a shot, deflected shot
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
When ball touches or lands outside the boundary line, blow whistle
Where is the ball brought in?
What is the distance?
Where do the other players move?
What if two players are equidistant from the ball?
What are some unusual situations?
Making the call – Sideline
1. When ball touches or lands outside the boundary line, what is the penalty administration?
2. Player steps on the line while in possession of the ball, what is the penalty
administration?
3. If a player holds her crosse over the sideline while running down field, what is the
penalty administration?
4. If the opponent illegally causes a player in possession to go out of bounds, what is the
penalty administration?
5. If a player deliberately pushes, flicks, or bats the ball into opponent’s feet or body, what
is the penalty administration?
Making the call – Draw
1.
2.
3.
4.
What
What
What
What
happens when the ball goes directly out of bounds from a legal draw?
is the penalty administration?
is the mechanic?
is the exception?
Activity 2
Copy and paste some of the Approved Rulings (5-5 through 5-9) from the Rulebook and
situations from the Official Manual onto note cards. Divide participants into small groups. Give
each group a card with a situation and have them determine how to set up the penalty
administration.
32
All levels
Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics
Topic: Rule 7 Penalty Administration Introduction
Materials: USL Rulebook, USL WGOSC Manual Part 4, Mechanics and Thought Process Chart
The Basics



The penalty for all fouls is a free position.
The procedure for player placement varies depending on the area of the field where the foul
occurs and the type of foul that is committed - 5 types of fouls - Major, Minor, GC, Team
(RL/offside), Misconduct - that can be committed by the offense, the defense, or both the
offense and the defense.
The order of administration is the same in all cases:
Mechanics
Stop (Whistle/Freeze)
2 Signals = Foul & Direction
B.O.O. Administration = Ball Offender all Others
Start (Whistle and Arm)
Notes:


No free position may be taken within 8 Meters of the goal circle
Major Fouls -Offender 4 Meters Behind
o


Special Situation: Major Foul committed by the Defense in the CSA when the Offense is
on a scoring play = “Slow Whistle” (use of yellow flag) What is a scoring play?
Minor Fouls - Offender 4 Meters Away (in direction from which approached the ball)
Goal Circle Fouls (= Minor Fouls) - Offender 4 Meters Away
o
Defense Commits Foul = FP on the goal line extended where 12m fan intersects.
Note: this is an “indirect free position.”
o



Offense Commits Foul = GK FP
RL/Offside - Offender 4 Meters Behind
Misconduct - card; no substitute; play short for three minutes; no one behind
What is the penalty administration that occurs as a result of:
1. Offsetting Fouls = Fouls that are occurring or have been ongoing within the same
time frame. (Throw)
2. Subsequent Fouls = Fouls that occur after the initial foul has been called. (FP)
33
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment; Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics
Topic:
Rule 7 Penalty Administration
Mechanics and Thought Process
Materials: Pen/Pencil & Foul Chart (in follow pages); vinyl field and player pieces; whistle
Mechanics are the non-verbal communication that demonstrates the results of judging a foul and then the
subsequent thought process that involves questions and answers relative to the foul and penalty administration.
MECHANICS
THINKING
WHISTLE
(varied tone)
See a foul. You have made a judgment. You need to stop play. Blow your whistle. Insist
that everyone STANDS.
The officials need not “stand”, but do not move toward players to set-up the penalty. The official needs to move only
as much as needed to communicate and
to be in position for the restart. Do not to walk toward players to administer.
What is the foul?
Show a foul signal. Be demonstrative. Hold the signal long enough to communicate with partner(s); players;
Coaches; and spectators.
What type of foul was committed? (Major, Minor, Goal Circle, RL or Team, Misconduct?)
FOUL SIGNAL
DIRECTION SIGNAL
(snap it out)
Who committed the foul? Is the OFFENDER offense or defense?
With your back to the sideline, put up your arm so that it is horizontal or slightly above horizontal; hold your arm in
that position momentarily in order to effectively communicate with partner(s); players; coaches; and spectators.
VERBALIZE the “offending player’s number” and “uniform color”.
B.O.O.
B.O.O. “B=Ball”; “O=Offender”; O=Others”
BALL
Who gets the BALL and where?
Where was the foul committed? (mid-field, over the RL, CSA, 12mFan, 8m Arc, the goal circle?)
What type of foul was committed? (Major, Minor, Goal Circle, RL or Team, Misconduct?)
Where the foul was committed and what type of foul was committed dictates where the player with the BALL will go.
Review these specific details. (Chart)
OFFENDER
Where does the OFFENDER go?
Depends on the type of foul (Major, Minor, Goal Circle, RL or Team, Misconduct?) and where the foul occurred
(mid-field, over the RL, CSA, 12mFan, 8m Arc, the goal circle?)
Review these specific details.(Chart)
OTHERS
Where do all the OTHER players go?
Depends on the type of foul (Major, Minor, Goal Circle, RL or Team, Misconduct?) and where the foul
occurred (mid-field, over the RL, CSA, 12mFan, 8m Arc, the goal circle?)
Review these specific details.(Chart)
Are all players 4 meters away? Insist on 4 meters of space!
Where do I, the official, need to be positioned? I have completed “B.O.O.” and I need to anticipate what will
happen next. Move and position yourself to be ready to restart play. Do not raise your arm yet!.
WHISTLE/DROP ARM




Quick eye contact with partner(s)
Restart Play --- Raise your arm just prior to blowing your whistle and drop your arm after blowing your whistle.
Watch carefully --- Did any player creep? Did any player false start?
Did I cause the false start by my mechanics?
Practice the “Mechanics” and the “Thought Process”. Repetition will increase the speed with which one is
able to administer penalties for the fouls that have been committed.
Practice with a variety of examples of fouls that occur in a variety of places on the field.
Practice in front of a mirror.
Practice in front of a group.
34
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment; Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics
Topic:
Rule 7 Penalty Administration
Seven Steps or Seven Habits
Materials Needed: Whistle
Activity
Practice the Seven Steps
1.
WHISTLE – Whistle tone; stand
2.
FOUL SIGNAL – Hold long enough to communicate
3.
DIRECTION – Horizontal arm
4.
B.O.O. – Set up players --- Ball, Offender, Others
5.
REPOSITION SELF – Move to a position in anticipation of play after restart
6.
QUICK LOOK – Make eye contact with partner(s) BEFORE restarting play
7.
RESTART PLAY – Stand still; raise arm; blow whistle; drop arm
35
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment; Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics
Topic: Rule 6 Types of Fouls - Introduce the Foul Chart
Materials: Refer to USL WGOSC Manual Part 3, USL Rulebook; Foul Chart
Activity
Introduce the “Foul Chart” and how it will be filled in/completed. Recommendation: Begin the
“Foul Chart” in the session (individual, partner, small group) and/or complete as homework
before the next classroom training, if possible. Or the “Foul Chart” can be completed during the
time related topics are covered.
Types of Fouls
1.
Major fouls
a.
Committed by offense
b.
Committed by defense
c.
Committed by both the offense and the defense
d.
Youth rules - what ages?
2.
Minor fouls
a.
Committed by offense
b.
Committed by defense
c.
Committed by both the offense and the defense
d.
Youth rules – what ages?
3.
Goal circle fouls (Minor fouls)
a.
Committed by offense
b.
Committed by defense
c.
Committed by both the offense and the defense
d.
Youth rules – what ages?
4.
Team foul/RL/Offside (Major fouls)
a.
Committed by offense
b.
Committed by defense
c.
Youth rules – what ages?
5.
Misconduct fouls (Major fouls)
a.
Committed by offense
b.
Committed by defense
c.
Committed by both the offense and the defense
d.
Youth rules – what ages?
36
Complete Throughout Clinic
or as homework
Knowledge and Judgment
Topic:
Foul Category
Rule 6 Fouls
Fouls Committed
By Attack/Offense
FOULS CHART
Fouls Committed
By Defense
Fouls Committed
By BOTH - Offense &
Defense
MAJOR FOULS
MINOR FOULS
GOAL CIRCLE
FOULS
TEAM FOULS
[RL]
MISCONDUCT
FOULS
37
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment; Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics
Topic:
Rule 6 Minor Fouls
Rule 7 Penalties for Minor Fouls
Materials: USL Rule book, USL WGOSC Official Manual Parts 2, 3 and 4, demonstrate mechanics,
Create “Fouls Chart”; Youth rules chart; vinyl board and player pieces
Minor fouls are fouls that do not involve body contact or stick to body contact and may be grouped as
fouls that involve “illegal equipment or uniform”; “procedural errors”; or “misplays”.
1.
Identify minor fouls committed by the defense
a.
Define the foul, demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
b.
Practice the signal for the foul
c.
Indirect FP – define and practice. For definition of indirect free position see Rule 8
2.
Identify minor fouls committed by the offense/attack
a.
Define the foul, demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
b.
Practice the signal for the foul
3.
Identify minor fouls committed by both the offense and the defense
a.
Define the foul, demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
b.
Practice the signal for the foul
4.
Identify minor fouls that apply only in the Youth rules (What age levels?)
a.
Define the foul, demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
b.
Practice the signal for the foul
Committed by the defense
Committed by the offense/attack
Committed by both the defense and the offense/attack
Fouls with a card penalty
5.
Identify the minor fouls that are penalized with a green card
a.
Define the foul, demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
b.
Practice the signal for the foul
6.
Identify “offsetting” minor fouls and “subsequent” minor fouls
a.
Define “offsetting” and “subsequent”
b.
Practice the signal for each foul
Activity 1
Complete the “Foul Chart”
Activity 2
Practice foul recognition, foul signals and proper mechanics
Activity 3
Make flash cards with the name of the foul on one side and the type of foul - minor or major - on the back
38
Activity 4
Participants form small groups. Clinician calls out the name of a foul. The group discusses the foul
and decides if it is a major or minor foul
Activity 5
Practice the “Thought Process” required for identifying each foul; penalizing the foul; and restarting
play
Activity 6
Practice the penalty administration for minor fouls in various parts of the field (include “indirect FP”)
39
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment; Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics
Topic:
Rule 6 Minor Fouls – Legal and Illegal Actions
Rule 8 Definitions
Materials: USL Rulebook, foul chart, Youth rules chart, sticks (at least 2), vinyl field and player
pieces, field diagrams, on field
Minor fouls are fouls that do not involve body contact or stick to body contact and may be grouped as
fouls that involve “illegal equipment or uniform”; “procedural errors”; or “misplays”.
Legal actions = skills
Illegal actions = minor fouls
Activity
For each minor foul complete the following activities:
1.
Define the foul and demonstrate the signal
2.
What does the illegal action (foul) look like? Demonstrate, show pictures and slides, use
video, etc.
3.
Who commits the foul (offense, defense, both)?
4.
When, where, why does the foul occur during the game? Predict what could possibly
happen or anticipate the illegal action. Predict what could possibly be an outcome.
5.
Penalty administration – refer to Rule 7 – Penalty Administration/Situations. Penalty
administration depends on where and when the foul occurs.
6.
Youth rule – What are the criteria for the “three second position to check” rule?
 Two hands on stick by defense
 Checkable position if checking was allowed
 Attack holds the ball three seconds - change of possession for defender, minor
foul
Illegal Equipment or Uniform
 Illegal Crosse (Field Player and GK)
 Adjust strings/thongs after official request for inspection
 Jewelry
 Illegal Uniform (Field Player and GK) – try to catch this before the game begins; use
common sense: take into consideration if the uniforms are JV, youth, etc.
Procedural Errors
 Request for second time the inspection of a crosse meeting specifications
 Failure to be ready to start play
 Illegal Substitution
 Delay of Game (5 instances)
 Illegal Timeout
40
Misplays vs. Legal Plays
 Covering
 Take part in game without crosse
 Empty stick check
 Illegal draw
 Warding off
 Play from out of bounds
 Hand ball
 Score a goal with illegal crosse
 Squeeze the head of crosse
 Throwing crosse
 Body ball
 Illegal re-entry (from out of bounds)
 During draw step on or over center circle or restraining line
 Youth rule – three second position to check rule
41
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment; Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics
Topic:
Rule 6 Minor Foul: Delay of Game
Materials:
USL WGOSC Official Manual Part 3, USL Rulebook, cards, whistle
Delay of game situations and considerations:



What is “delay of game”?
Who commits “delay of game”?
What actions constitute a “delay of game”? (6 examples)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.


Failure to stand
“Creeping”
Failure to move 4m’
Failure to properly wear mouth guard
Failure to properly wear eye protection
Any behavior amounting to a delay
What considerations are there before beginning the carding procedure?
o If a player on the blue team is not properly wearing their mouth guard
o If the second player on the blue team is not properly wearing their mouth guard
o Having to continuously ask team(s) to move 4m meters
o Creeping
o Is it possible to have a green card issued to the captain of both teams?
How is “delay of game” penalized?
For penalty administration of Delay of Game refer to Topic: Rule 7 Use of Cards
42
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment; Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics
Topic:
Rule 6 Goal Circle Fouls
Rule 7 Penalties for Goal Circle Fouls
Materials: USL Rulebook, USL WGOSC Official Manual Parts 2 and 3, complete “Fouls Chart”
Goal circle fouls are very important – they may determine the outcome of a game. They can be
complicated to administer so officials should frequently review Rule 6 prior to (and after) games to
make sure the fouls and their administration are correct and efficient.
1.
Identify goal circle fouls committed by the defense
a.
Define the foul; demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
b.
Practice the Signal for the foul
2.
Identify goal circle fouls committed by the offense/attack
a.
Define the foul; demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
b.
Practice the Signal for the foul
3.
Identify goal circle fouls committed by both the offense and the defense
a.
Define the foul; demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
b.
Practice the Signal for the foul
4.
Identify goal circle fouls that apply only in the Youth game (What age levels?)
a.
b.
Define the foul; demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
Practice the signal for the foul
Committed by the defense
Committed by the offense/attack
Committed by both the defense and the offense/attack
Activity 1
Complete the “Fouls Chart”
Activity 2
Practice foul recognition, signal and proper mechanics
Activity 3
Homework and/or in class activity: make flash cards with the name of the foul on one side and the
type of foul - major or minor - on the back
Activity 4
Participants form small groups. Clinician calls out the name of a foul. The group discusses the foul
and decides if it is a major or minor foul
43
Activity 5
Practice the “Thought Process” required for identifying each foul; penalizing the foul; and restarting
play
Activity 6
Practice the penalty administration for GC fouls. Be sure to include examples of “indirect FP”
Activity 7
Practice GC fouls by the GK and their administration
44
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment; Game Management, Penalty Administration, and Mechanics
Topic:
Rule 6 Major Fouls
Rule 7 Penalties for Major Fouls
Materials: USL Rulebook, USL WGOSC Official Manual Sections 2,3 and 4, complete Fouls Chart
Major Fouls are fouls that involve illegal contact - body to body, stick to body - or involve
actions that may lead to danger or are in fact dangerous.
1.
Identify major fouls committed by the defense
a.
Define the foul, demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
b.
Practice the Signal for the foul
2.
Identify major fouls committed by the offense/attack
a.
Define the foul, demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
b.
Practice the Signal for the foul
3.
Identify major fouls committed by both the offense and the defense
a.
Define the foul, demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
b.
Practice the Signal for the foul
4.
Identify major fouls that apply only to the Youth rules (What age level?)
a.
b.
Define the foul; demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
Practice the signal for the foul
Committed by the defense
Committed by the offense/attack
Committed by both the defense and the offense/attack
Fouls with a mandatory card penalty
5.
Identify the 4 major fouls that MUST BE CARDED [Mandatory Card]
a.
Define the foul, demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
b.
Practice the signal for the foul
6.
Identify “offsetting foul” situations
a.
Define “offsetting” foul
b.
Practice the signals (2 fouls)
Activity 1
Complete the “Fouls Chart”.
Activity 2
Practice foul recognition, signal and proper mechanics.
Activity 3
Homework and/or in class activity: Make flash cards with the name of the foul on one side and the type
of foul - major or minor - on the back.
45
Activity 4
Participants form small groups. Clinician calls out the name of a foul. The group discusses the foul
and decides if it is a major or minor foul.
Activity 5
Practice the “Thought Process” required for identifying each foul; penalizing the foul; and restarting
play.
Activity 6
Practice the penalty administration for major fouls.
46
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment; Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics
Topic:
Rule 6 Major Fouls – Legal and Illegal Actions
Rule 8 Definitions
Materials: USL Rulebook; Foul Chart; Youth rules chart; Sticks (at least 2); vinyl board and player
pieces; field diagrams; on-field
Legal actions – skills
Illegal actions – major fouls
Major fouls are fouls that involve illegal contact - body to body, stick to body - or involve actions that
may lead to danger or are in fact dangerous.
Activity
For each major foul complete the following activities:
1.
Define the foul and demonstrate the signal.
2.
What does the illegal action (foul) look like? Demonstrate, show pictures and slides, use
video, etc.
3.
Who commits the foul (offense, defense, both)?
4.
When, where, why does the foul occur during the game? Predict what could possibly
happen or anticipate the illegal action. Predict what could possibly be an outcome.
5.
Penalty administration – Refer to Rule 7 – Penalty Administration/Situations. Penalty
administration depends on where and when the foul occurs.
Use of the Stick or Crosse
Legal use of the stick or crosse = checking
1.
2.
3.
What defines a legal check?
Demonstrate a variety of legal checks from a variety of positions (in front,
beside, behind).
Demonstrate a legal check “through the sphere”.
Illegal uses of the stick or crosse = Major fouls
Rough/Dangerous Check
Check to the head [CARD]
Slash [CARD]
Holding the crosse
Crosse in the sphere
Illegal Uses of the crosse - 5 different possibilities
1. Poke or wave crosse at the face
2. Sweeping check from behind that contacts the body
3. Lowering the head of the crosse and initiating contact
4. Crosse checking
5. Any other action the official considers dangerous or intimidating
Hooking
Reach across the body
Illegal cradle
Detaining
47
Dangerous follow through [CARD]
Rule rules - modified checking - what makes a check illegal?
Body to Body
Legal body position = body checking; clear space; time & space
1.
2.
3.
What defines legal body position?
Demonstrate a variety of legal positions
What is the significance of “time and space”?
Illegal body position = major fouls
Illegal contact
Block and Charge
Consider what differentiates a charge from a block
Chosen path
Giving time and space
Pushing
Illegal Pick
What is a pick?
Who is setting a pick (offense or defense)?
How is “within the visual field” determined?
Demonstrate a legal pick. Demonstrate an illegal pick
Tripping
Detaining
Playing the ball illegally
Off an opponent
Dangerous propelling by offense: force, distance, placement [CARD]
Dangerous shot
Illegal shot
Positioning
Forcing through
False start
3 Seconds
What is legal marking?
When does it become illegal and 3 Seconds?
FSG [Obstruction of the Free Space to Goal]
What is legal marking?
When does marking become illegal and consequently FSG?
Offside – Team Foul/Restraining Line violation
Youth points of emphasis:
Be aware of:
 Attack player backing into defender = charge
 Attack player shooting through a crowd = dangerous
propelling
 Shooter hitting goalie in head, neck, chest with
excessive force = dangerous shot
 Defender hanging stick in opponent’s face =
dangerous play
 U-15: any check to the head = red card
48
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment; Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics
Topic:
Rule 8 The ‘Sphere’
Materials: USL Rulebook, Stick, a sphere
The definition of the sphere: an imaginary area of 18cm or 7 inches surrounding the head.
(The 18cm or 7 inches is the average width of the crosse at the head; the average width from
the pinky finger to the end of the thumb, with the fingers fully extended).
Possible questions for discussion:
Why does the sphere exist?
What fouls are considered dangerous to a player’s safety with respect to the sphere?
 Cradling in the sphere (offense)
 Protecting the crosse within the sphere and/or with the body (offense)
 Makes a legal, safe check impossible.
 Be careful not to penalize the defense unnecessarily – watch for this as
the first illegal action.
 Checking into the sphere (defense)
 Checking through the sphere but down and away (defense)
 Check to the head (defense) MANDATORY CARD
 Dangerous follow through (offense) MANDATORY CARD
 Dangerous propelling (offense) MANDATORY CARD
Activity
Have each participant hold her fully extended hands on each side of her head, and then move
to one in front and one in back of the head. Finally, move one extended hand to on top of the
head. Note the distance. This is basically the dimension of the protective sphere.
49
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment; Positioning, Field Coverage, Fitness
Topic:
Rule 6 Major Foul - Three Second Violation and
Obstruction of the Free Space to Goal (FSG) –
Defense Fouls
Rule 8 Definitions
Materials: USL Rulebook, USL WGOSC Official Manual Part 3, half field diagram, vinyl board
and player pieces, rope and field
Free Space to Goal (FSG)



What is the definition of FSG?
Major foul = safety of the player/s
Three criteria for FSG: The ball carrier must:
1. Be in the CSA
2. Looking to shoot
3. Have the opportunity to shoot

When is a player not in FSG?
FSG and the Zone defense
 8m arc
 3 seconds
 Non ball-marking players
FSG Official






Responsibilities: Two Person System
Lead
“Big picture”
Anticipate
Trail
“Big picture”
Anticipate
Activity and Cues
Demonstrate good defense vs. potentially dangerous positioning that leads to FSG. The goal of
this activity is to have the official gain an understanding of what the defense is prone to do in
an effort to defend the goal.
 Watch low defender marking “directly behind” – a foul can occur
anywhere above the goal line extended, not just in the arc
 Defenders marking non-ball players
 Defenders who stop to pick-up cutting player/s
 Not within a stick’s length – what does a stick’s length look like?
 Goalkeeper out of the goal and in the FSG
 Player coming directly at attack player with the ball
 Player who makes no attempt to move from the potential path of a shot
Making the Call
Either official may make the call provided she is in the proper position
Blow whistle immediately upon recognition of the violation - SAFETY
50
What is the penalty administration?
Activity 1
Using the vinyl board and player pieces, demonstrate various scenarios for FSG and no calls. Be
sure at least one scenario involves the GK. Discuss: preventive umpiring with illegal deputies
before restart of play.
Activity 2
On a field and using a rope, have two people hold the ends. A third person holds the rope in
the middle, pulls it back and taut until it makes a linear cone shape. Have the two ends stand
on either side of the goal circle. The person holding the middle of the rope walks to different
areas within the CSA. The area within the rope is the FSG; use various scenarios to
demonstrate.
Three Second Violation




What are the parameters of three seconds?
What is marking “within a stick’s length”?
What does it mean to be marking “directly behind”?
When is the violation no longer in effect?
Activity and cues
Demonstrate good defense vs. positioning that leads to three seconds. The goal of this
activity is to have the official gain an understanding of what the defense is prone to do in an
effort to defend the goal.
 Multiple defenders marking non-ball players
 A player marking “directly behind”
 Not “within a stick’s length”
 Watch the defender in the arc who is marking the ‘cutters’ – is she legal?
 If a defender has one foot in, one foot out of the arc is she playing legal or
illegal defense?
Important note: A player committing a three seconds violation may result in a FSG
violation. This is a SAFETY concern – call immediately if obstruction of FSG!
Making the Call
 Official must be in position to see defensive player’s feet
 Either lead or trail can make the call although it is primarily the trail’s call for most
of the arc
 When the ball crosses the RL be aware of the positioning of the defending players.
 Scoring play (in CSA) vs. non-scoring play
Mechanics:
 “One thousand one, one thousand two, one thousand (three) flag”
 Allow attack to continue thrust to goal
 When does a scoring play end?
 Slow whistle and three seconds – did it affect the shot?
If the flag is raised by the Trail then what?
If the flag is raised by the Lead then what?
Activity 3
51
Discuss the situations as described in the Part 3 of the Official Manual. Set-up on the field or
vinyl board
52
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment; Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics
Topic:
Rule 6 Major Foul - Team Foul/Offside
Rule 7 Penalties for Team Fouls
Materials: USL Rulebook, WGOSC Official Manual Parts 2,3 and 5, demonstrate mechanic, complete
Fouls Chart
1.
2.
3.
Identify team fouls committed by the defense
a.
Define the foul, demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
b.
Practice the signal for the foul
c.
Practice the penalty administration for offside committed by the defense.
1.
How to correct - 3 players involved
a. 1 - Correct the offside
b. 2 - Position the BALL
c. 3 - Position the OFFENDER
d. Position all OTHERS
2.
Where to set up --- location of the ball when play is stopped determines set up
a. Outside the CSA - Spot; 4 m Behind
b. Inside the CSA - 12 m Fan; 4 m Behind; Penalty Lane
c. Below the goal line extended - 8 m away from goal; 4m behind
3.
Restart play
Identify team fouls committed by the offense/attack
a.
Define the foul, demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
b.
Practice the signal for the foul
c.
Practice the penalty administration for offside committed by the offense/attack
1.
How to correct - 2 players involved
a. 1 - Correct the offside
b. 2 - OFFENDING team player placed 4 meters behind BALL
c. Position all OTHERS
2.
Restart play
Identify team foul committed by both the defense and the offense/attack (offsetting)
a.
Define the foul, demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
b.
Practice the signal for the foul
c.
Practice the penalty administration for offside committed by both the defense &
offense/attack
1.
How to correct - one player from each team moved on-side (OFFENDERS)
2.
Where to set up - THROW - below the RL (BALL)
3.
OTHERS - 4 m away
4.
Restart Play – throw
Activity 1
Discuss the advantages of counting forward and attack first. Group players while counting. Discuss how to handle
the inadvertent whistle, etc
Activity 2
Using the vinyl board, set-up various offside scenarios and have participants be the trail, communicating what
they need to call the foul. E.g. “RED, DEFENSE offside, BALL IS OUTSIDE THE CRITICAL SCORING AREA.”
53
All levels
Knowledge and Judgment; Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics
Topic:
Rule 6 Major Foul - Misconduct Fouls
Rule 7 Penalties for Misconduct Fouls
Materials: Refer to USL Rulebook, WGOSC Official Manual Parts 2 and 3, demonstrate mechanics,
“Fouls Chart”
1.
Identify misconduct fouls committed by the defense
a.
Define the foul, demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
b.
Practice the signal for the foul
c.
Practice the penalty administration --- use of cards
2.
Identify misconduct fouls committed by the offense/attack
a.
Define the foul, demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
b.
Practice the signal for the foul
c.
Practice the penalty administration --- use of cards
3.
Identify misconduct fouls committed by both the offense and the defense
a.
Define the foul, demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
b.
Practice the signal for the foul
c.
Practice the penalty administration --- use of cards
d.
Concurrent vs. subsequent fouls.
4.
Identify misconduct fouls committed by the sideline personnel and/or fans
a.
Define the foul, demonstrate the foul or identify the foul on video/pictures
b.
Practice the signal for the foul
c.
Practice the penalty administration --- use of cards
Use of Cards
Warning (Yellow)
Suspension (Second Yellow)
Ejection (Red)
Activity
On note cards, write various misconduct situations. Hand out to participants and have each one
demonstrate the penalty administration. Could incorporate situations from Topic: Positive Coach
Interactions.
54
Field/Gym
Knowledge and Judgment; Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics
Topic:
Stations
Flash cards
Rule 7 Penalty Administration – Situations
“Putting It All Together”
Materials: Refer to USL WGOSC Official Manual Part 4, Thought Process chart, vinyl field and player
markers, flash cards of situations
Activity 1
Review and demonstrate mechanics
Stop (Whistle/Freeze)
2 Signals – Foul + Direction
Administration B.O.O. = Ball, Offender; Others
Start (Whistle and Arm)
Activity 2
Review the “Thought Process” for fouls
1. What did you see? A foul
2. Blow the whistle = stand
3. What’s foul? “Name that foul”
4. Foul signal
5. What is the foul category? Major, Minor, GC, Team, Misconduct
6. Who committed the foul: Attack or Defense?
7. Direction signal
8. Where on the field did the foul occur?
9. Penalty administration: B.O.O. = Ball – Offender – Others
(Reminder: Where players are positioned depends on the foul category --- Major,
Minor, Goal Circle --- and where the foul occurred on the field.)
10. Eye contact with partner
11. Restart: arm up, whistle, drop arm
Activity 3
Review the requirements for setting up a free position in the CSA that requires clearing the
“penalty lane”.
What is the “penalty lane”?
When is it cleared?
What is the proper set up when there is an 8m free position on the “hanging hash”?
What is the proper set up when there is a free position outside the 8m arc but in the
CSA?
What is the proper set up when there is a free position outside the 12m fan but in the
CSA?
What is the proper set up when there is an 8m free position on the first inside hash?
Activity 4
Game Situation examples:
Blue player commits an empty stick check foul on red’s stick when they are in each of
the following locations. What is the penalty administration?
In the center circle
Below the RL
55
In the CSA
In the 12m fan
In the 8m arc
Below the GL
Additional Game Situations
Take any foul and move it to different places on the field with different offenders, such
as the Red attack or the Blue defense, then follow the steps required for each situation.
Be sure to include all foul categories: mandatory cards, goal circle, major and minor
foul, Youth rules for all levels – U-15 full or modified checking; U-13, U-11, U-9.
Important Note:
If in a game, it is taking too long to set something up/communicate fouls (or partner cannot
remember how!), call time-out, confer, and set it up properly.
Activity 5
Using a vinyl field and player markers, move a foul around the field. Then have a person or
class demonstrate the mechanics of the penalty administration. Likewise, participants can roleplay the players involved with the penalty while another is the official. Use the following foul
situations in various places on the field to practice proper set-ups:










Major foul by the defense – outside the CSA
Major foul by the defense – inside the CSA but outside the 8m arc with and without
players in the penalty lane
Major foul by the defense – inside the CSA and inside the 8m arc
Major foul by the defense – scoring play and FP to be awarded
o Inside CSA but outside the 8m arc (no additional fouls)
o Inside CSA and inside the 8m arc (no additional fouls)
o Inside CSA but outside the 8m arc with more than one foul
o Inside CSA and inside the 8m arc with more than one foul
o Attack fouls after and at the same time the defense fouls
Major foul by the offense – outside the CSA
Major foul by the offense – inside the CSA but outside the 8m arc
Major foul by the offense – inside the CSA and inside the 8m arc
Major foul by the offense – dangerous shot
Major foul by the offense – dangerous follow through
Major foul by the offense – dangerous propel
Activity 6
Offsetting and Subsequent Fouls
Practice setting up a variety of situations such as those in the Official Manual in Part 4.
Remember that offsetting fouls require that a throw be administered and subsequent fouls
require that a free position be administered.
56
Apprentice, Local
Knowledge and Judgment; Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics
Topic:
Rule 7 Penalty Administration - Slow Whistle/Yellow
Flag
Rule 8 Definitions
Materials: USL Rulebook, WGOSC Official Manual Parts 2, 3 and 4, demonstrate and practice
mechanics, vinyl board and player pieces; field diagrams; recommended: on field
A “SLOW WHISTLE” is a held whistle, indicated by raising the yellow flag because all three of these
criteria occur:
 Major foul committed by the defense and attack maintains possession
 When the ball is in the CSA
 Attack is on a scoring play
What is a scoring play? For definition see Rule 7 & 8, Official Manual Part 3
When does the scoring play end? For 5 instances see Rule 7 & 8, Official Manual Part 3
Penalty Administration – Enforcement of the slow whistle Refer to Rule 7
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Shot taken --- Put yellow flag away
 Shot made – goal counts
 Shot missed – play continues
 Cardable fouls – shot made, goal counts, card is given (no possession on draw); shot
missed, penalty is administered
Free Position (FP) is awarded to the player fouled or attack player nearest to spot of the foul
and the offending or nearest defender is penalized according to major foul conditions and a
penalty lane and/or arc is cleared.
What if:
 Attack does not shoot end scoring play ends?
 Shot is affected by the foul and no goal is scored?
 A cardable foul is committed by the defense and goal is not scored?
 What happens IF a cardable foul is committed and the goal is scored?
 What is the difference if the cardable foul occurs AFTER the goal is scored?
If additional fouls by the defense, the FP awarded the attack player nearest to the most recent
foul on an 8m hash mark and the offending or nearest defender is penalized according to major
foul conditions when on an 8m hash mark.
If the attack fouls to end the scoring play a throw is taken out to the side of the field and
nearest to the spot of the foul that caused play to stop.(offsetting fouls)
When can the GK return to the goal circle? 5 instances
Activity 1
Use Rulebook and Official Manual to answer questions posed.
Activity 2
Practice penalty administration within the CSA on field, by using vinyl board, field diagrams
and/or drawings.
57
All levels
Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics
Topic:
Rule 7 Use of Cards
Materials: Refer to USL WGOSC Official Manual Part 3, USL Rule book, cards, whistle
When to use cards:
 Delay of game
 Four mandatory cards
 Misconduct:
o Abusive or extremely dangerous
o Repeated or deliberate violations
 Verbal warning
 Immediate red card
Carding Procedures
Delay of Game
 Minor Foul committed by offense or defense
 Failure to “stand”; “creeping”; move 4m; “wear mouth guard”; “wear eye protection”; or
“any behavior amounting to delay”
First violation (Green card)
1. Call a time out.
2. “Green card on (team color) captain number -- for (name the foul and use
proper mechanic if there is one)”
3. Eye contact with partners to be certain of understanding
4. One of the officials needs to keep track of the card, team warned.
5. Make eye contact with partner(s) before restarting play.
6. Restart play with whistle and arm signal.
7. Responsibilities of other officials during card administration
8. The official on the table side of the field makes sure the official scorer has placed
a ‘G’ next to the correct captain’s number.
9. Green cards accumulate per TEAM, so if one team has a green card for creeping,
then the other team creeps, it is also a green card, not green/yellow on the
second offending team.
Second violation (Green/Yellow cards)
1. Call a time out.
2. Beckon the offending player to you while holding the green & yellow cards up
high above the head, face the scorer’s table with player.
3. “Green/Yellow card on (player #, team color) for (name the foul and use proper
mechanic if there is one)”
4. Eye contact with partners to be certain of understanding
5. One of the officials should to keep track of the cards, player carded. Player may
remain in the game.
6. Make eye contact with partner(s) before restarting play.
7. Restart play with whistle and arm signal.
8. Responsibilities of other officials during card administration
58
9. Official on the table side of the field makes sure the official scorer has placed a
‘GY’ and the time next to the correct player’s number.
Third and subsequent violations (Green/Red cards)
1. Call a time out.
2. Beckon the offending player to you, then holding the green & red cards up high
above the head, face the scorer’s table with player.
3. “Green/Red card on (player #, team color) for (name the foul and use proper
mechanic if there is one)”.
4. She must leave the game for 3 minutes of elapsed playing time. A substitute
must take her place. The suspension will carry over to the next half and
overtime.
5. Make eye contact with partner(s) before restarting play.
6. Restart play with whistle and arm signal.
7. Responsibilities of other officials during card administration.
8. Official on the table side of the field makes sure the official scorer has placed a
‘GR’ next to the correct player’s number.
9. An official on the field typically records time, player number and types of cards.
Yellow card (warning)
1. Call a time out.
2. Beckon offending player to you while holding the yellow card up high above the
head, face the scorer’s table with player.
3. “Yellow card on (color, number) for (name the foul and use proper mechanic if
there is one)” Player leaves the field for three minutes of elapsed playing time.
4. No substitute, no player behind
5. Eye contact with partners to be certain of understanding
6. One of the officials needs to keep track of the card, number of player and time of
the foul.
7. Make eye contact with partner(s) before restarting play
8. Restart play with whistle and arm signal
9. Responsibilities of other officials during card administration
10. Table official makes sure the official scorer has placed a ‘Y’ next to the correct
player’s number
11. Official Timer’s will notify the coach when her player’s 3min. penalty is up
12. Goalkeeper situations
2nd Yellow card (Suspension)
1. Call a time out.
2. Beckon offending player to you while holding the yellow card up high above the
head, then raise two fingers to indicate this is the second yellow card.
3. With the player, face the scorer’s table with player say:
4. “Yellow card on (color, number) for (name the foul and use proper mechanic if
there is one)” Player leaves the field for three minutes of elapsed playing time
5. Eye contact with partners to be certain of understanding
6. One of the officials needs to keep track of the card, number of player and time of
the foul.
7. Make eye contact with partner(s) before restarting play.
8. Restart play with whistle and arm signal.
9. Responsibilities of other officials during card administration
59
10. Table official makes sure the official scorer has placed a ‘YY’ next to the correct
player’s number
11. No substitute, no one behind
Player must leave the field for the remainder of the game. No substitute for
three minutes.
12. Official Timer will notify the coach when 3minute penalty is up.
13. Goalkeeper situations
Red card (ejection)
1. Call a time out.
2. Beckon offending player to you while holding the red card up high above the
head, face the scorer’s table with player.
3. “Red card on (color, number) for (name the foul and use proper mechanic if
there is one)”
4. Eye contact with partners to be certain of understanding
5. Player must leave the field for the remainder of the game. No substitute for
three minutes, no one behind.
6. If the player is a goalie she must leave the game; another goalie must take
her place; the coach will choose a field player to serve the 3 minute penalty.
7. Table side official checks with official scorer to be sure a ‘R’ has been written
next to the offending player’s number
8. Eye contact before restarting play with whistle and arm signal
9. Official Timer will notify the coach when the 3minute penalty is up
10. Note: Be aware of any paperwork that may be necessary to complete after a
game where a red card/ejection has been issued
Carding/Suspension of coaches and team personnel
1. Call a time out.
2. Approach the coach.
3. Show appropriate card: yellow (warning); 2nd yellow (suspension); red
(ejection)
4. Make eye contact with partner(s) to make sure she is aware of the card.
5. Penalize as a major foul; No player is removed from the field for a warning,
suspension, or ejection.
6. Table side official checks with official scorer to be sure a ‘notation’ has been
written in the scorebook.
7. Coach or team personnel must leave the area (including spectator area) if it
is a suspension or an ejection.
8. Make eye contact
9. Restart play with whistle and arm signal.
10. If coach or team personnel refuses to leave a forfeit may be declared (Rule 4
- Forfeited Game).
Activity
Practice mechanics - carding procedures
Note: Be aware of any paperwork that may be necessary to complete after a game
where a red card/ejection has been issued.
60
All levels
Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics; Positioning, Field Coverage, Fitness
Topic:
Two Person Positioning and Responsibilities
Materials: USL WGOSC Official Manual Part 6, vinyl field, field diagrams; recommended on
field
Two-person positioning
1. Lead











2. Trail










Moves to her right
Boundaries on her side of the field
End line to her right
Stays ahead of play – why?
When ball is in CSA primary responsibility is on-ball fouls
Work in Quadrants 1 & 2 and Stay on tangent
Obstruction of FSG
May call three seconds, illegal picks and off-ball fouls
Restarts play in the CSA
Signals goals after checking with trail
After a goal, retrieve ball and roll or toss to partner who conducts the
draw
Follows the play down the field
Boundaries on her side of the field
Monitors the Restraining Line (offside)
“Field conscious”, watch overall picture
Stays engaged with the play
Move laterally below the RL – why?
Obstruction of FSG
Three seconds, dangerous follow through
Off-ball fouls – illegal picks, detaining, block, etc
Assists when necessary during penalty administration – monitors
creeping, moving to more advantageous position, etc.
3. The Draw
 To start the game, official on the side opposite team benches
 After a goal, official who was the Trail administers the draw
 Official who administers the draw is responsible for calling an illegal
draw
 Official not administering the draw is responsible for violations of
center circle and restraining lines
4. Transition/Change of possession
 Stay wide; keep players in front – why?
 Share responsibility for making midfield calls
 Who has the best angle vs. who is closest?
 Important to work together and support one another
 Trust your partner
 Keep ahead of play
 Anticipate
61
5. Shared area(s)
 In transition in the middle of the field
 Obstruction of FSG
 Three seconds in transition
6. Rotating Positions: The two-official team may decide to exchange official
positions (rotate) after every other goal (every two goals). The benefit of
rotating is that the umpiring team stays alert and has more of an opportunity
to see the offense and defense of both teams throughout the game rather
than just for one half after the teams change goals at half-time.
Activity
Using the vinyl board or moving, field diagrams or on a field, show positioning for two-person
positioning.
62
Field/Gym
Ropes video
Knowledge and Judgment; Game Management, Penalty Administration, Mechanics;
Positioning, Field Coverage, Fitness
Topic:
All levels
Positioning - Umpiring the Goal Circle
Materials: USL Rulebook, USL WGOSC Official Manual Part 6, “Ropes” video on USL website,
ropes of various colors, quadrant diagrams
Highly recommended that this topic be taught on field with colored ropes .
Umpiring the goal circle requires:
-Purposeful movement
-Constantly repositioning
-Anticipate play
-In the correct quadrant, on tangent
-Why is it important to be on tangent?
Quadrants





Using 2 different colored ropes, split the CSA into 4 areas/quadrants
Quadrants 1,2,3,4
“Home base”
Lead official makes adjustments in quadrants 1 & 2 to be on tangent
Anticipation
Activity 1
Place one colored rope through the center of the goal circle on a vertical axis. Place a different
colored rope on a horizontal axis that intersects the top of the goal circle and is parallel to the
goal line and perpendicular to the rope on the vertical axis.
Have the ‘official’ move into the correct quadrant as the ‘ball’ moves.

If the ball is in Q1 the U is in Q1

If the ball is in Q2 the U is in Q1

If the ball is in Q3 the U is in Q2

If the ball is in Q4 the U is in Q1

If the ball is moving from Q4 to Q3 the U is moving from Q1 to Q2

If the ball is moving from Q1 to Q2 the U is moving opposite to the ball in Q1
Tangent
 Straight line that touches the outer edge of a curve (goal circle)
 Be at a right angle or perpendicular to the line of the ball
 Can see fouls and violations associated with the ball carrier and goal circle
Activity 2
Note: 4 people are needed to hold the ends of the ropes
Use a colored rope - different color than the quadrant ropes.
A person holds each end of the rope: one person is the ball carrier; the other stands at
the edge of the goal circle holding the other end of the rope. This rope represents the
line of ball or the path of the ball should a shot be attempted.
63
Another person, who is the official, holds the end of a second rope with another person
holding the other end. The person at the edge of the goal circle holds where the ropes
intersect and insures there is a ‘T’ or a right angle maintained.
As the ball carrier moves to different places in the CSA (above the goal line), the lead
official adjusts the tangent, using the rope to define tangent and keep it taunt. The
person at the other end of the tangent rope insures the rope remains taunt and in a
straight line.
Free Space to Goal




The path to goal within the CSA
Attack is looking to shoot, has the opportunity to shoot and defender is occupying
this space without being drawn into it by another attack player and marked within a
stick’s length.
This is a safety call and must be made immediately. Know signal. Use a ‘big’ whistle.
What, if while making the call, the attack shoots?
Activity 3
An “ice cream cone” will be made with the goal circle representing the scoop of ice cream in the
cone. Using a rope, have a person hold each end taunt as it intersects with the edge of the
goal circle, another person holds the middle of the rope to simulate the player with the ball. As
the player with the ball moves watch how shooting space moves. Pay particular attention to the
low defenders and their positions.
Penalty lane



Path to the goal as established by the attack
When a major foul occurs within the CSA the lead official clears the penalty lane; the
trail official helps to manage
Once cleared, make quick eye contact with trail before restarting play.
Activity 4
Use two ropes to show the penalty lane
Mental Fitness and Focus




To keep the game safe, an official must be attentive and engaged
Stay present
If you begin to ‘drift’ focus on the ball, think about the next pass/play
“21 has the ball, she will pass to 14 or 32” then re-position yourself accordingly
Open to play (back to the corner); reach “Home Base” early and adjust


See between players
Anticipate the next pass - As the ball moves down the field, coming toward you since
you have gotten ahead of play, look for possible passes, and read the defense --- player
to player or zone.
64
Youth
Local 1-2
Topic:
Ropes Instruction for 2 person
Target Audience: Youth, Local 1-2
Materials: Ropes for each topic need to be a different color.

 Trail position rope 100’

 Quadrant rope (2) 50’ 2 different colors

 Tangent ropes (2) 50’

 Free Space to Goal 100’

 Penalty lane (can use Quadrant Ropes) or will need (2) 50’

 Additional material needed if not using people to hold ropes.

 4-6 Tent Nails (6-8”)

 4-6 Tarp Clips to use with nails – used to allow ropes to swing freely
Things to consider when establishing the order of activities:














Lead position and activities that demonstrate key points for target audience
Trail position and responsibilities that demonstrate key points for target audience
Set up responsibilities for free positions (goal to 8), (8-12) (Use quadrants?)
Shooting space areas for both lead and trail
Penalty Lane set up between Arc and Fan, just outside Fan
Looking at coverage for both umpiring positions 30 yards to Fan
Lead position “Taking in the Big Picture” Not moving with play and effect on coverage
area.
Activities for Rope Demonstration-Umpiring the Goal Circle (Positioning)
** Highly recommend this topic is taught on field with colored ropes**
(Can also be show on vinyl board as “Lead-In Lesson”)
Activity 1: Quadrants
Key points










Set Up
Purposeful movement
Constantly repositioning
Anticipate play
In the correct quadrant
On tangent

 Using 2 different colored ropes, split the CSA into 4 areas/quadrants

 Quadrants 1,2,3,4

 Place one colored rope through the center of the goal circle on a vertical axis. Place a
different colored rope on a horizontal axis that intersects the top of the goal circle and is
parallel to the goal line and perpendicular to the rope on the vertical axis.
Demonstrations

 Have the ‘official’ move into the correct quadrant as the ‘ball’ moves.
 If the ball is in Q1 the U is in Q1
 If the ball is in Q2 the U is in Q1
 If the ball is in Q3 the U is in Q2
 If the ball is in Q4 the U is in Q1
 If the ball is moving from Q4 to Q3 the U is moving from Q1 to Q2
 If the ball is moving from Q1 to Q2 the U is moving opposite to the ball in Q1
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Activity 2: Tangent
Key points

 Straight line that touches the outer edge of a curve (goal circle)

 Be at a right angle or perpendicular to the line of the ball

 Can see fouls and violations associated with the ball carrier and goal circle
Set Up

 4 people are needed to hold the ends of the ropes

 Use a colored rope - different color than the quadrant ropes.

 A person holds each end of the rope: one person is the ball carrier; the other stands at
the edge of the goal circle holding the other end of the rope. This rope represents the
line of ball or the path of the ball should a shot be attempted.

 Another person, who is the official, holds the end of a second rope with another person
holding the other end. The person at the edge of the goal circle holds where the ropes
intersect and insures there is a ‘T’ or a right angle maintained.
Demonstrations
 As the ball carrier moves to different places in the CSA (above the goal line), the
lead official adjusts the tangent, using the rope to define tangent and keep it taunt.
The person at the other end of the tangent rope insures the rope remains taunt and
in a straight line.
 Suggested order for presentation of tangent;
o Use the hanging hash on the lead side and proceed across the arc to the
trail side hanging hash.
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o
o
From hanging hash on the lead side to the goal line extended and from
the trail side hanging hash to the goal line extended.
Player rolling the goal circle towards the lead side and away from the
lead side
A
Ball carrier is moving toward goal on the Lead's nearside.
Lead moves below the goal line extended
A
Ball carrier is moving toward goal directly from the front.
Lead moves level with the front edge of the goal circle.
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A
Ball carrier is moving toward goal from the Lead's far side.
Lead moves to a "high" position above the goal circle.
Activity 3: Trail Official – Area of Responsibility
Key points








Set Up
Purposeful movement
Constantly repositioning
Anticipate play
Area of Responsibility

 Using a rope, have a person hold each end taunt (or peg down) as it intersects with the
edge of the goal circle with goal line; another person holds the middle of the rope to
simulate the official movement.
Demonstrations

 As the player with the ball moves – watch how area of responsibility moves.

 As the player with the ball moves – How are the areas of responsibility for the lead
and the trail impacted?

 Improve positioning; Are there gaps in coverage? Do these gaps impact the angles
of calls?
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L – Lead area of responsibility
L
T
T – Trail area of responsibility
Activity 4: Free Space to Goal
Key points

 The path to goal is within the CSA.

 Attack is looking to shoot, has the opportunity to shoot and defender is occupying this
space without being drawn into it by another attack player; and

 defender is more than 1 sticks length from the player with the ball.
Set Up

 An “Ice Cream Cone” will be made with the goal circle representing the scoop of ice
cream in the cone made with ropes.

 Using a rope, have a person hold each end taunt (or peg down) as it intersects with the
edge of the goal circle with goal line; another person holds the middle of the rope to
simulate the player with the ball.
Demonstrations
 As the player with the ball moves watch how shooting space moves,
 Suggested order for presentation of Free Space to Goal;
o Use the hanging hash on the lead side and proceed across the arc to the
trail side hanging hash.
o From hanging hash on the lead side to the goal line extended and from
the trail side hanging hash to the goal line extended.
o Player rolling the goal circle towards the lead side and away from the
lead side.
o Free positions and potential free space to goal areas.
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L
Ice Cream Cone: The goal circle is
the top of the cone and the player with
the ball is at the bottom of the cone.
Activity 5: Penalty Lane
Key points

 Path to the goal as established by the attack

 When a major foul occurs within the CSA the lead official clears the penalty lane;
the trail official helps to manage

 Once cleared, make quick eye contact with trail before restarting play.
Set Up

 Use two ropes to show the penalty lane

 Goal Line – 2 people holding ends of each rope to show penalty lane from
different positions
Demonstrations




Hanging hash on lead side
Hanging hash on trail side
Between the Arc & Fan
Between Fan & CSA
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L
Activity 6: The Big Picture
Key points

 Are you seeing the play develop?

 Can you see between the players?

 Are you now able to see the potential next pass or move?
Set Up

 Use two ropes – One official holds 2 ropes – 2 additional people hold end of each rope.

 While holding a rope in each hand, put your hands in front of you shoulder width apart.
This is your view when you are locked onto the player with the ball.
Demonstrations

 Move your right hand to right and form an “L” with your arms.

 Return your right hand to in front of you, repeat the above demonstration with
your left arm.

 Now move both arms so they are form a straight line you now see “The Big
Picture”

 Demonstrate both Lead and Trail positions.
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Activity 7: Framing up that “Big Picture”
Key Points




Set Up
Define focus areas for each official
Red zone- primary focus of responsibility
Yellow zone- “aware zone”
“Big picture” view of the game what does it mean
 Each official has a frame with a “Red” and “Yellow” zone
 Can use rope to define coverage area for each official
Demonstration
Set up players in common placement for game situation
Start with simple defining positions with lead official with ball in their area of
Coverage
Set players in spread “O” set up, feeder behind goal, stacks lead side, stacks trail
Side
Define for each scenario presented each officials’ “Red and Yellow” zones for
“BIG Picture” Coverage for umpiring team
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All levels
Comportment, Communication, Teamwork
Topic:
Positive Interactions with Coaches
Keys to positive interactions with coaches
 Interactions with coaches should be professional and respectful.
 ALL pregame questions should involve both coaches and officials. Spend as little time as




possible interacting with just one coach present.
Understand that both coaches are privy to all discussions about the game, so it is
appropriate to invite a coach from the opposing team into any discussions involving
rules/judgment/rulings during the game. When invited, an opposing team can decline
to participate.
Coaches can ask rules clarifying questions at time-outs and at halftime
Statements vs. questions (Comments – ignore/Question – respond)
o Statements do not always require a response beyond a nod of the head for
acknowledgement.
o Questions should be answered using the language of the rules. For example,
“Wasn’t that an empty stick check?” “No, Coach. The ball was in contact with
your player’s stick.”
Be patient. It is the coaches’ job is to to be an advocate for their players/team. They
will become excited, it is part of their job. The officials’ job is to remain calm amid the
chaos. As their voices get rise, officials must stay calm and steady.
Talking point: “When in doubt, don’t let it out!”
 Things to say to coaches:
“Here’s what I heard you say.” (Recount it so you have it right or understand
it.)
“I see your point.”
“I hear you!”
“That may well be…”
“We’ll have to talk at halftime coach.”
“I’ll relay that to my partners.”
“I see what you mean.”
 Things not to say to coaches
“Calm down.”
“Because that’s the rule!”
“I know how you feel!”
“I‘m not going to say this again.”
“I don’t want to hear another word.”
“If you say one more thing you’re going to get a card!”




Even if you know a coach personally and the interaction is friendly, always address him
or her as “Coach” (rather than by name) at games. The same applies for players –
address them as “#19” on game day rather than as Sarah or Susie.
Answer reasonable questions, even if they are not expressed in a reasonable way. Just
because coaches don’t always act in a professional manner does not mean that officials
should lower their professional standards.
Use the language of the rules and current interpretations when explaining rulings
Admit when you were wrong – it builds credibility with coaches.
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



Understand the difference between judgment (which is the officials’ job and in which
gray areas may exist) and application (which is also the officials’ job, but is ‘black and
white’).
Never threaten or make personal comments about the coach’s rules knowledge (i.e.,
“The next time you say something, that will be a card,” or “If you knew the rules, you
would know that that’s not a body ball.”) Avoid power struggles at all costs.
Officials work with rules and judgment. Listen to coaches, but direct conversation to
those two areas – which rule or ruling (judgment) is it about which they have a
question?
 If a conversation gets off-track (if a coach starts hammering you about
what they thought went on during the first half, for example), remind him
or her what the conversation is about – a particular rule or ruling.
It is better to address things early so a coach’s frustration doesn’t grow into a bigger
problem during the game
Common comments (and appropriate reactions)
A. “Body ball! Empty! Shooting space!” or general commentary during flow of play and
fouls that should be called throughout the game.
- Remember that judgment is the obligation of the official, and that coaches
and fans are inherently biased toward their teams
- Say, “There was no intention with the ball-to-body contact, Coach,” or “The
defender was within a stick’s length of the attacker,” or similar explanation
using the language of the rules.
- “Do you have a question about a particular ruling/body balls, Coach?”
Sometimes coaches aren’t being critical, but are hoping for a call and
verbalize that.
- If there isn’t time to answer a question/address a comment, quickly say “Ask
me about that during a timeout or at the half, Coach.”
- If it continues, give a hand, a “mom look,” or say “Enough!” And, be willing
to use a card if the talk continues after your physical and verbal warnings.
B. “What was that call, ref?!”
- Coaches are allowed to ask questions, regardless of tone. Sometimes they
may be emotional, but still need to know what was called. Give them the
benefit of the doubt.
- Answer the question quickly within the language of the rules (i.e., “Checking
across the body from behind, Coach.”)
- If it is a call by your partner and you don’t know what it is, tell the coach you
will check and get back to them, you were looking off-ball, screened, etc at
the time. Then check and get back to the coach when there’s time.
C. “That was a terrible call.” “Whatever!” Or similar statements that are not questions
- During flow of play, ignore, give a hand, a “look,” or say “Enough!” Be willing
to use a card if the talk continues after your physical and verbal warnings.
- Ongoing commentary that has been addressed should then be carded.
- “G rated” language is appropriate on the lacrosse field. “PG rated” language
should be warned. “R rated” should be carded (without warning).
D. “That is the 5th straight call on my team” “Nice hometown call” “You might as well be
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wearing a blue shirt” “Who’s paying you today?” or other comments that question
integrity.
- Say, “Enough,” or “That’s enough, Coach,” and give a hand and then a card.
E. “You need to call the shooting space/body balls/pushes on them.”
- Say, “We got it/I understand you, Coach. We’ll look for that.”
- Say, “Yes, absolutely, Coach – for both teams. We have called that already
and will continue to look for it.”
- Ask, “Is there a specific question you have about that rule?” (And be ready to
answer using the language of the rules.)
- Say, “We need an opposing coach here while we discuss that. Let me go get
the opposing coach.”
Activity 1
Use the above scenarios with small groups to discuss and present to the entire group on best
way to handle a coach.
Activity 2
Model the behavior of positive interactions with a ‘coach’ by the role-playing some or all of the
scenarios from above.
Youth points of emphasis:

If having problems with a coach, know whom to
contact to report unsportsmanlike behavior.

Get help from the sideline manager to calm the
coach down
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All levels
Comportment, Communication, Teamwork
Topic:
Comportment
Comportment is about how to carry one’s self when umpiring. Think about the qualities a good
official should possess. List three qualities of a good official:
1.
2.
3.
To elevate one’s presence consider the following
Verbal communication
Nonverbal communication
Posture
Attitude
Dress
Eye contact
Use the “language of the rules”
Be fit, run to get into position
Respect
Teamwork
Composure
General professionalism
Call a safe, fair game
The players determine the outcome of the game:
In every official-coach interaction
 Be professional, approachable, confident, and use good judgment
 Good officials are physically fit, appear athletic, and are dressed properly
 Cockiness has no place in umpiring
 Confidence is built from strong rule knowledge and ability to explain rulings “in the
language of the rules.” Try reading a section/page of your rulebook before each
game to commit that language to your vocabulary
 Your appearance, voice, and demeanor determine how you will be received. Be
firm but relaxed. Do not raise your voice. Be courteous in all interactions
Activity 1
Discuss and list the qualities of good vs. poor officials
Activity 2
Role play “good” official vs. “bad” official situations
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All levels
Professionalism, Responsibility, and Ethics; Comportment, Communication, Teamwork
Topic: Partner Support and Communication
Posture and Demeanor
The official needs to possess skills that relay a positive image of themselves and the game of
women’s lacrosse. Much is conveyed through one’s posture and demeanor. Standing erect,
using strong, clear foul and direction signals, and a maintaining a calm demeanor can establish
a professional atmosphere established with the players, coaches and your partner/s.
Activity 1
Discuss the ways officials, through posture and demeanor, can affect the confidence portrayed
to the players, coaches and fans.
Points to consider in the discussion:




When
o
o
When
o
presenting of foul signals:
Is the official showy or efficient?
Is the arm straight or crooked?
giving a card:
Is the official angry or calm?
 How do you feel when the official is angry?
 How do you feel when the official is calm?
The officials stance on the field:
o Is the official erect or slouched?
o Is the official standing with their weight on one foot or hand on hips?
 What does each above relay to the players? Coaches? Spectators?
When their partner make a call:
o Is the official engaged or not paying attention?
 What does an engaged official look like?
 Checking for repositioning of players
 Stepping in as trail is to be engaged- even if it is only one step
 Is the official supportive with posture and discreet physical gestures?
Non-verbal Communications and Eye contact
Some communication can be effective without words. Non-verbal communications help with the
enforcement of rules of play while others can help with the transfer of responsibilities.
Activity 2
Discuss and demonstrate the ways rules/rulings can be conveyed non-verbally
 Through efficient, clear direction and foul signals
 A stern look at a player
 “Whistle talk”
 Big, strong hand to settle a coach
Discuss and demonstrate the transfer of responsibilities conveyed non-verbally:
 How can the RL be handed off?
 How can the coverage of ‘stacks’ and on/off ball responsibilities be
communicated? What signals can be used?
 How can responsibilities of unusual situations be transferred?
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
What and when can other non-verbal cues be used?
Respect: Partner, Player, Coach
Officials represent themselves, their fellow women lacrosse officials and their board. Showing a
level of respect for one’s partner, the players and coaches is important to the integrity and
culture of women’s lacrosse.
Activity 3
Discuss how showing respect is an important aspect of umpiring women’s lacrosse with:
Partner





How can non-verbal communication support or undermine your partner’s call on
the field?
When, during a game, should a call be discussed with your partner?
If a player acts disrespectful to your partner how can this situation be controlled?
If a coach questions a call by your partner, what is the best way to handle it?
Demonstrate negative and positive body language after a call by a partner
Players



How can officials show respect to the players?
How does keeping a game and players safe show respect?
How does being firm and fair in your calls show respect for the player?
Coaches




Remember: a coach during the game is the “defender of all that happens to
his/her team” and after the game is just a person who works hard to coach a
group of players.
How does being firm and fair in your calls show respect for the coach?
How can the coach’s concerns be addressed with respect?
If a coach wants to engage you in a discussion about a previous game and/or a
call made during that game, how should this be handled?
78