1. society
2. welfare
3. healthcare
4. hospital

*
ANNUAL REPORT
F O R TH E
106TH Y E A R
CANTON
HOSPITAL
1940-1941
V
V
~ 1r
*
- t r
] n
P B IN T IE 0 8 Y T D O L S U N 6 , C A N TO N .,
TEL, 1 6 6 8 6 .
v
As
go to pre^ m March 1942 we have
to record two more crises in the hospital’s his­
tory, suocessfuliy passed.
When war against the allies was declared
bn December £S. rl941 the hospital was decupled
by Japanese troops for 2 days, and work tem­
porarily suspended. However, soldiers were
withdrawn on the evening of the 9th. and
patients returned and work quickly resumed.
On February 9th, 1942 we were ordered
to vacate the entire property of Medical School
and Hospital, but were offered as a substitute
the Synod building next door. We:are thank­
ful that we have been able to carry on in these
premises although greatly restricted in space.
4
ANNUAL
*
REPORT
FOR THE
106TH
CANTON
YEAR
HOSPITAL
1940-1941
y
A
l
?
i
Yale Divinity Librar^
New H aven. ConTU
V
Senior Class of Nurses.
THE HOSPITAL STAFF.
Superintendent.
William W - Cadbury
, M.A., M.D. (Penn), F.A.C.P., Sc. D.
Lingnan University. Head of Department
of Internal Medicine. Consulting Physician
Lingnan Campus Health Service.
J. Oscar Thomson*
( i i l f t a i ) M.D., C. M. (McGill)., F. A. C. S.
United Church of Canada. Head of Depart­
ment of Surgery. Consulting Surgeon, L in g­
nan Campus Health Service.
Frank Oldt,
A. B ., M. D., Dr. P. H. (Hopkins), United
Brethren Mission. Head of Department of
Health. Director Lingnan Campus Health
Service.
William G. Anderson (3c§eii5) L* D. S. Edinburgh Dental College.
Dentist.
C. N. Nedachin
(M zfcik ) L . D. S. Visiting Dentist.
Assistant Physicians.
Dr. Leung Sik Kwong (%£$$,%) Assistant Superintendent-Surgery
Dr. W ong Wai Tsing
Gynecology & Obstetrics
Resident Physicians.
Dr. Lau Shai Keung C^lJtMrSS) Internal Medicine
Dr. Lai Y e Tak
Internal Medicine
Dr. Yiu Shui King
Surgery
Dr. Koon Wai Tak
Gynecology & Obstetrics.
Dr. Nye Yau Sun
Gynecology & Obstetrics.
* Dr. Cadbury was absent on leave the first six months and.
during this time Dr. Thomson acted as superintendent, and
Dr. Oldt was in charge on the Medical Service.
(
2
)
Visiting Physician.
Dr. Lam Kwei Ying,
The Free Dispensary.
Interne.
Miss Ngai Ka Laan
)
Pharmacy.
Mr. Lam Yue Hing
($ ;£ n | i) Director
Miss Lau Tze Cheung
Mr. L o Shing Cheung
Mr. Kam Yue Shue
Assistant
( M'i/cM) Assistant
Laboratory.
Dr. Lau Shai Keung
Director
Miss Lau Yuk Chi
CflJiEx?:) (till September) Assistant
Mr. Lok Chaak Sing
(B&iPfiSi) Technician
Business Department.
Advisor
Dr. W . G. Anderson
Auditor
Mr. E.. D. Baptista
Jardine Mathegon & Co. Shameen.
Accountant
Mr. Hoh Chi Man
Assistant Accountant
Mr. Tsoi Hak Cheung (
(fS jU fR )
b
)
Miss Tsoi Kwan Tsoi
Registrar
Mr. Ng Hok Pang
(f5 ^ J Ü )
Miss Chan Kwok Ying
Matron
Miss Leung Shui Yiu C^3®^e)
(
3
)
Nursing Department.
Supt. of Nurses Training School
iMfyiWcJcA Mrs. C. N. Laird
Supervisor of Nurses
m
Miss I. M. Moore
&
^
Acting Supt. of Nurses Training School
m
Miss Lam Wai
Miss Taam So Fong
Supervisor, Nurses Training School
Head Nurse of Operating Boom
Hi
Ward Head Nurse
n
3£ Miss Cheng Siu Yuk
Ward Head Nurse
«
HI Miss Hoh Kong W an
Ward Head Nurse
&
m
^
Ward Head Nurse
&
m
H Miss Lei Po Suet
Head Nurse of X-Ray Department f t
m
Head Nurse of X-Ray Department &
ät
Ward Head Nurse
ft
m
m
m
& Miss An W oon Chun
Miss Lei Wai Tong
Miss Lam Lau Kin
iH Miss Sze Y uk Lin
H Miss Tong Mei Tsing
g : Miss Chan Sau Wan
Ward Head Nurse
m
Ward Head Nurse
m
m
iiji Miss Taam SukK wan
Ward Head Nurse
m
fâ
l§£ Miss Chiu Mui Hing
Ward Head Nurse
m
m
M Miss Leung Fung Ye
Ward Head Nurse
m
Miss Leung K wan Haap
Ward Head Nurse
'¿K
$§ MisB Tang W ing Hong
Ward Head Nurse
m
Miss Hung Fung Chun
Ward Head Nurse
gf Miss Hung Suk Yin
?L
Ward Head Nurse
Visiting Health Nurse
fH
ië
Miss Lam Fei Wah
ïffti
Miss W ong Sui Fong
Nurses Training School
1st class.............................................. 9 pupils
2nd class............................................. 18 pupils
Religious & Social Service Department.
Mr. Kam Kin Poon
Mr. Chan Yik Cheung (
Miss Jean MacDonald
Evangelist
)
Evangelist
$ ) Social Service worker.
(
4
)
HOSPITAL STATISTICS.
July 1st. 1940 to June 30th. 1941.
In-Patients:Table /.
Patients in Hospital July 1st. 1940......................................... 87
Patients admitted from July 1st. 1940 to June 30th. 1941...2445
Total number of patients treated
............................... 2532
Patients discharged during this year........................................2448
Patients remaining in hospital June 30, 1941....................... 84
Table II.
Sex of In-Patients :Male............................................1334...................................... 54.56%
F em ale
.............................1111.......................................45.44%
Table III.
Hospital Days
Total days spent in hospital. ’ ............................................... 30742
Average number of days spent in hospital per patient
12.6
Percentage o f Bed Occupancy...............................................
61%
Tabic IV.
Census
Largest census on July 13th. 1 9 4 0 ................................. 125 cases
Smallest census on January 26th, 1941........................ 42 cases
Tahle V.
According to Services:Service
Male
Female
Total
Percent
Medical
590
404
994
40.66
Surgical
366
145
511
20.90
Pediatrics
374
251
625
25.56
307
307
12.55
4
4
8
.33
1334
1111
2445
Gynecology
E. N. E. T.
Total
100%
(
5
)
Table VI.
Relative number of Iu-Patients admitted according to
Services. Compared with previous year.
Service
1939-1940
i
1940-1941
Percent
Medical
601
;
994
+ 24%
Surgical
488
511
+
Pediatrics
507
625
+ 23%
Gynecology
282
307
+
E. N. E. T.
61
L.
- 8‘2445
-
9%
1
oc
CD
>5-
I2139
Total
5%
+
14%
Table VII.
Relative number of Patients admitted according to Month
and compared with previous year.
Month
!
1939-1940
1940-1941
Percent.
July
217
306
+
41%
August
211
294
+
40%
September
172
235
+
37%
October
188
199
+
6%
186
] 58
— 15%
155
181
+
17%
16%
November
;
December
j
134
156
+
February
j
118
161
4- 38%
March
i
150
198
-i- 32%
April
|
176
166
—
6%
May
\
188
184
—
2%
June
|
244
206
— 18%
•
2139
2445
January
Total
+
14%
(
6
)
Table VIII.
Results in Discharged Patients:No. of Patients discharged
Percent
1275
52.09%
Improved
672
27.45%
Unimproved
198
8.09%
Deaths
303
12.37%
Cured
2448
Total
100%
Out-Patients
Table IX.
Out Calls (New Calls)..............................................................
6
Out Calls (Returned Calls)......................................................
23
Private Calls.............................................................................. 4475
Free Calls.................................................................................... 3482
Returned Private Calls
................................................... 8151
Returned Free Calls.................................................................. 10863
Free Afternoon Dispensary..................................................... 2820
Total of all Calls...,...................................................................29820
Table X .
Sex of Out-Patients
Sex
Private
Free Calls
Total
Percent
Male
2156
1527
3683
46.11%
Female
2336
1967
4303
53.89%
!
!
Table XI.
According to Services:
Services
Medioal
Out. Private
Galls
Calls
6
1432
Free
Calls
!
910 |
Returned
Out-Calls
Returned
P. Calls
Returned
F. Calls
23
2922
2630
Afternoon
Dispensary
Total ! Percent
7923
l
26.56
Surgical
928
973
1439
2583
5923
19.86
Pediatrics
909
732
1587
3079
6807
21.15
Gynecology
868
272
1878
1647
4665
*15.63
E. N. E. T.
292
436
224
-a
o
o
i
1652
5.54
46
159
io i
224
530
1.81
2820
2820
9.45
2820
29820
Dental
!
Afternoon
Dispensary
Total
6
4475
3482
23
----------------
8151
10863
-------------
100%
(
8.
)
Table XII.
Compared with last year:Service
1939-1940
.1940-1941
Medical
5806
7923
+
36%
Surgical
4785
5923
+
24%
Pediatrics
5216
6307
4-
21%
Gynecology
4243
4665
4-
10%
E. N. E. T.
3044
1652
--
46%
169
530
Dental
Afternoon
Dispensary
Percent
+ - 214%
+
29820
23263
Total
CO
OO
2820
Table XIII.
According to Months.
Compared with last year.
1939-1940
1 1940-1941
Percent
July
1446
3644
+
152%
August
1919
3160
+
65%
September
1820
1946
+:
69%
October
2121
2072
—
2%
November
1931
1966
1 +
2%
December
1485
1901
|
i +
CO
00
c*
Months
January
1542
1685
+
9%
February
1632
2000
+
2%
March
i
|
■
2155
2447
April
1866
2572
+
38%
May
2614
3157
+
20%
June
2732
3270
+
20%
23263
29820
+
28%
+
14%
(
9
)
Report of Superintendent.
One day during the summer months a sudden wind storm
swept through the hospital garden and uprooted a magnificent
candle-nut tree, which had shaded the hospital for more than thirty
years. It had rotted at the core.
During the last 106 years many other storms of wind and
fire, war and unrest have swept across the hospital and often its
very existence was threatened. Yet it stands to-day and continues
to carry on its deeds of healing and mercy to many thousands of
the sick and suffering people of Canton. The founders built on
the rock foundation of Christian service. The past year has not
been without its storms. Only a month after the period here re­
corded began the Pearl Biver was closed and practically all contact
with the outside world was blocked off for nearly 4 months. The
superintendent, Dr. Thomson, was caught in Hongkong and had
no way to turn back, but Dr. Oldt was on hand and Drs. Leung,
W ong & Lau with their assistants carried on as usual so that the
largest volume of work for the year was done during these four
months. There have been many days when there was martial
law, so that patients could not come to the hospital, and doctors
could not go out to see them.
Staff. There have been several changes in the staff during the
year.
Dr. J. 0 . Thomson served as superintendent until Dr.
Cadbury’s return from leave at the end of the year. He left
Canton for furlough in April. A month later Dr. F. Oldt also left
for a year’s furlough. Both had been continuously on duty since
the beginning of the China incident.
Dr. William Anderson who had been absent since the au­
tumn of 1938 returned to the hospital in November and has been
taking care of the dental service ever since.
Dr. Esther Yiu
was an interne at the time of the
fall of Canton and rendered useful service during some of the most
critical days. She left for U.S.A. in April and has an appointment
as interne in the Children’s Hospital in San Francisco Cal.
(
10
)
W e are grateful to Drs. Ross W ong and Chester Lawson
o f Hackett Medical Centre for assistance in special cases.
The chief burden of the clinical work of the hospital has
fallen on Drs. S.K.Leung, W . T. W ong, and S. K. Lau, who have
faithfully and most efficiently discharged their duties.
The nursing service has been much improved, and staff and
workmen alike have shown a fine spirit of helpfulness.
Mr. Kam Kin Poon
pastor of the Yan Tsai Church
next door, has continued as Hospital evangelist with the cooper­
ation of Mr. Chan Yik Cheong
Eight of our nurses were
received into the Church in May.
New Activities. For the last two years little thought was given
to any new developments in our work at the hospital, but as
we became more inured to the hardships accompanying life in
Canton we have undertaken some new ventures. Arrangements
were made in January with the dairy at Lingnan University
Campus to open a milk depot at the Hospital gate house. This
not only assures the hospital of a dependable service of high grade
milk, but also makes it possible for others to get the Lingnan milk
more readily.
Miss W ong Sui Fong
having returned to the
Lingnan Campus, resumed her Baby Health Clinic at the Hospital
on Thursday mornings beginning in May. These had been started
several years ago. Social Service work was also started again with
the coming of Miss Jean MacDonald in November.
The financial status of the hospital greatly improved.
Many patients occupied private rooms, and some were able to pay
fairly large fees. The Charity work was not neglected. A grant
from the United Brethren in Christ Mission made it possible to
accept a much larger number of charity cases into the hospital.
It had long been apparent that we were not doing our full duty by
the poor around us, so it was decided to start a free clinic in the
afternoons in which no charge would be made for medicines or
treatment. This was started on April 11, and Dr. Lam Kwai Ying
attends 3 afternoons a week. Numbers have rapidly
(
11
)
increased from 11 in the beginning to over 150. Grants of money
and medicines from the Canton International Red Cross have
made this possible.
Requests came from the Day Missions Library of Yale Un­
iversity and the Library of the Claremont Colleges for old hospital
reports. W hile we could not supply reports of the earliest years
o f the hospital, we were able to send copies from 18G2 and onwards.
The hospital still serves as a centre for Red Cross activities
and the truck and other cars of the Red.Cross are stationed in our
garden. Stocks of supplies are often stored in our buildings. Drs.
Oldt, Thomson and Cadbury were active members of the Canton
International Red Cross Committee. As a convenient centre we
were often called on for help from outlying hospitals such as those
of Fatshan, Kong Tsuen, Koogm oon aud Siu Laam.
The Canton International Red Cross service corps, which
was organized chiefly from members of Canton Hospital staff who
left the city in 1938, continues to carry on very efficient work in
Shiu Kwan in northern Kwantung. Several rural health clinics,
and medical centres are maintained in the surrounding country.
Physical Equipment. An attractive pavilion was erected over
the operating theatre wing. This serves as a reception room
for friends of patients and other guests.
A new bathroom was equipped for use in a suite of guest
rooms in the College building.
A gift from a grateful patient made it possible for us to
tear down the old unhygienic kitchen and put up a modern rein­
forced concrete building. A modern type of Chinese kitchen stove
has been installed, also.
An additional iron gate was put up at the west entrance on
Yan Tsai Street, and a new lantern over the gateway.
A large refrigeration cabinet originally purchased for the
medical school, has been installed and this is capable of storing
sera, vaccines, etc in addition to food.
A smaller ice box has also been purchased, second hand.
The Hospital morgue was rebuilt.
(
12
)
GIFTS T O THE HOSPITAL
W e take pleasure in expressing our sincere thanks to the
following for gifts and assistance received during the year.
Of especial value to the Hospital are the foreign staff mem­
bers, who have been assigned for work in the hospital by mission
boards. Not only have these contributing missions provided full
support and travel expenses, but also housing accommodations.
W ithout this help the hospital could hardly carry on. They are
as follows
Members of The Society of Friends through the Trustees
of Lingnan University have contributed the services of Dr. W .W .
Cadbury.
The United Brethren in Christ Mission have contributed
the services of Dr. F. Oldt.
The Umted Church of Canada Mission have contributed
Dr. J. 0 . Thomson and Miss Irene Moore.
American Medical Association for missing numbers in our
files of the Journal.
American Red Cross for the gift of more than 6000 tablets
of thiamine hydrochloride.
Canton International Red Cross Committee for cash in aid
of charity patients, as well as considerable stocks of American rice
and cracked wheat. Also for Hospital supplies and medicines
especialy Quinine pills received from the American Red Cross and
the British Fund for Relief in China, and the Foreign Auxiliary
through Mrs. Selwyn-Clarke of H ong Kong.
The Staff of the Canton Maritime Customs, through
the Canton International Red Cross Committee, one ambulance
deposited on loan for use of the Hospital.
Mr. A. S. Cummins for 3 doz. jars of Carbolized Vaseline.
Friends in the United States through Dr. W -W . Cadbury:
medicines to the value o f about U. S. $560.00
(
13
)
Prof. A. N. Greaves, of the Bacteriological Institute in
Hongkong for Typhoid cultures and Blood typing sera.
Dr. & Mrs. A. R . Knipp for baby’s cot.
A new reinforced concrete one story building for housing
the kitchen, valued at over N.C. $10,000.00 presented by Madam
Lei Tang Fuk Mooi
who was a patient in the
hospital.
Mr. Stephen Liang a 4-seated passenger automobile loaned
to the hospital for the year 1938 to 1940.
Lingnan ladies: Miss Jean MacDonald, Mrs. F.A. McClure,
Mrs. J.O. Thomson and Mrs. E .T. Williams, for educational toys
for the childrens ward.
Dr. A. Marck some laboratory equipment.
Mennen Company, Newark, N.J. a six Reel Motion picture
“ Standard Obstetrical Routine ” .
Dr. Frank Oldt, Ten gallons of gasoline.
Shameen Foreign W om en’s Unit, through Mrs. A. R.
Knipp, clothing for infants.
(
14
)
June 30th, 1841.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CANTON HOSPITAL
The China Children’s Fund for indigent
children in-patients...............................H K $
917.78
The United Brethren mission through
Dr. C. W . Shoop for care of indigent
in-patients............................................. HK$1,000.00
From American and British friends of
Dr. Cadbury for indigenb in-patients..HK$
56.50
From The Canton International Red
Cross for indigent out-patients......... ,HK$
85.18
From American & British friends of
Dr. Cadbury for Hospital equipment.,.US$
557.46
Children of Abington Sunday School,
Philadelphia........................................... .u s $
7.40
Miss Lucy Durham ................................. .u s $
73.50
Mr. A. S. Cummins................................. .u s $
10.00
Mr. R . L. Ludden.................................... H K $
15.00
Mr. W ong Hok Chun............................. .NC$
60.00
Subscriptions to the Canton Medical
Missionary Society for 1939-1940
and 1940-1941 ....................................... H K $
530.00 & NC$50.00
(
15
)
FINANCIAL REPORT
Nothing could be more confusing than the keeping of ac­
counts in a city like Canton. The writer found it advisable always
to carry with him paper notes in Hongkong, military yen, and
Chinese National Currency, in addition to the Lingnan University
special coupons.
Payments had to be made in all these currencies. B y June
1941 practically all shops in Canton required payment in Military
Yen, and it became increasingly difficult to continue the hospital
accounts in terms of National Chinese dollars, which showed a
steady decline during the year. Payment of some goods purchased
in Shanghai had to be paid for in United States dollars.
The following table shows the shifting currency values.
Table No. X IV .
Date
July
HongKong Dollars Military Yen Chinese Nat. Currency.
2.1940
100.00
237.00
$ 367.00
Jan.
1.1941
100.00
270.00
$ 477.00
June 30.1941
100.00
166.00
$ 499.00
Throughout the year £1.0.0. or U. S. $4.00 was on the
average equivalent to $16.00 HongKong dollars. It will be noted
that there was a gradual rise in the value of the military yen, while
the National dollar steadily declined. At the time of preparing this
report Nov. 1. 1941, the Chinese dollar is quoted at $7.00 to one
Hongkong dollar.
Meanwhile the cost of fuel, food and other essential com ­
modities in terms of military currency has steadily risen.
Charity Work
During the Summer of 1940 a considerable number of
well-to-do persons came to the hospital, but during 1941 business
steadily declined in the city, and with the greatly increased cost of
living the demands for charity or reduced charges became increas­
ingly insistent. Thanks to the financial assistance mentioned
(
16
)
elsewhere it was possible to carry on a considerable proportion of
charity work. Of the 2445 in-patients discharged from the
Hospital 250 or 10.22% were treated entirely free and 107 or 4.38%
were charged for only part of their expenses. Of the 30742 days
spent in the hospital, there were 3269 free or 10.64% while 9.91%
of days were only partly paid for. There was no charge made for
4467 out-patient calls, including free medicines.
Revision in Book Keeping
W ith the fall of Canton all of the office staff left the
Hospital and it was necessary to take what clerical assistance was
at hand. As a result there were many defects in our accounting
system. W e were fortunate, therefore to secure the services of
Mr. R .D . Baptista, accountant for the Shameen firm of Jardine,
Matheson & Co., He audited the accounts for 1939 to 1940 and
for the current year and was retained as an expert to reorganize
the book-keeping.
W e believe that the hospital has now an
accurate and reliable system of accounting.
Dr. William Anderson has also given part time to assisting
the cashier and accountant in preparing the daily and monthly
statements.
(
17
)
Financial Statement from July 1st. 1940 to Jane 30th. 1941
R E C E IP T S
Registration
E X P E N D IT U R E S
........... $
3,148.00
Administration Bus. Office 9.9C8.54
Room rant...................
91,299.71
Registrar’s office ...
M e d icin e s ...................
71.88S.88
H ousekeeping general .. 15,902.37
I n je c t io n s ...................
47.989.50
..........
9,841.00
Operations...................
21,411.30
...................
9,624.73
Laboratory
X -R ay
„
..
5,708.59
laundry .. 14,746.70
„
kitchen ..
4,182.21
Poavding
..106,946.15
Foreign mess
..
.. 17,607.96
1,234.18
Diathermy...................
400.00
Building & Grounds
Office ca lls...................
23,969.70
Utilities....................
.. 28,587.12
Medical & Surgical
.. 47,£92.78
Oub calls
...................
640.00
..........
23,429.15
General Treatment ..
3,0n5.46
Dispensary
Vaccination
..........
547.00
Pharm acy
............
.. 51,164.59
Laboratory
............
..
3.155 63
.....................
..
5,418.16
X -R ay
School of Nursing
2,273.89
School of Nursing...
Laundry
...................
4.H96.28
Nursing c a re ............
.. 27.072.65
Sundry
...................
2,553.56
Social & Religious ..
..
2,212.24
..........
1,486.69
Sundry ....................
..
2,845.81
T ransportation ..........
], 031.4 4
Transportation
..
7,697.26
E lectricity
.. 13,062.20
C. M. M. S. expenses
Foreign mess
..........
339.58
Chinese food
..........
73,140.81
Charity work
Contributions
..........
21,735 99
Discount & Bad Debts
to C.M.M.S
1,930.21
18.48
.. 19,329.73
In-pafcient bills issued ..
386.95
1,387.45
799.40
Balance to suspense a/c .. 31 594.48
Nat. Cy $417,462.28
Nat. Cy $417,452.28
In-pat. bills reoa’d
..
Submitled bÿ,
C. M. Hoh.
Accountant.
Canton, June 30th, 1941.
Approved by,
W m. W . Cadbury. Supt.
W . G. Anderson, Advisor
ASSETS
LIABILITIES
National Cifcy Bank of N.Y. School of
Nursing Emergency Fund.
HK$138.86 @ 540 ............................. $
I n -P a t ie n t s ' deposits
M.Y.$3,813.01 @ 3.00
$11,439.03
749.85
HongKong & Shanghai Bank Building
fund H K$240.92 @ 540 ....................
1,300.98
IIongKong & Shanghai Bank current
a/a. HK$10,518.48 @ 5 40.....................
56,799.77
Chartered Bank of I. A. & C. Chinese
National currency
.............................
1,129.99
Cash a/o. Chinese Nat. c y ...........................
20,383.20
Cash a/a. Military Yen M .Y .$2,549.01
@ 3.00
...............................................
7,648.83
Cash advance to staff M .Y .$630.00
@ 3.00
................................................
1.890.G0
Sundry debtors M .Y .$390.68 @ 3.00 ...
1,172.04
Sundry deposits M .Y .$630.00 (ft! 3.00 ...
1,890.00
Nat. cy. $92,964.66
Submitted by
C. M. Hoh.
Accountant.
Canton, June 30th, 1941.
ApproCed by
Wm. W. Cadbury, Supt.
W. G. Anderson. Advisor.
(
19
)
REPORT OF THE CLINICAL W O R K OF THE HOSPITAL
The clinical work of the Hospital is summarized in the
various tables of diagnoses, operations, deaths etc. Following Dr.
Thomson’s departure Dr. S. K. Leung has taken charge of the
surgical service and Dr. W ong Wai Tsing of the gynecological and
obstetric departments. Dr. S. K. Lau has continued his work in
the department of medicine, and Dr. Anderson as dentist. W e
have long felt the need for a specialist in the Eye, Ear, Nose and
Throat. W e have at last secured the services of Dr. R. C. Riego
who will assume bis duties in this department in July 19-11; Dr.
Oldt’s report appears as a separate section. A number of cases
from the different services have been selected for special comment.
Pneumonia. The importance of this disease is evidenced by its
incidence in the last 2 years, as noted in our statistics >
Pneumonia (undefined)
Broncho-Pneumonia ...
Lobar Pneum onia.......
1939-1940
38
91
6
1940-1941
—
180
16
There were therefore altogether 135 cases in the former
period and 196 cases in the year under review.
W ith the startling reports on sulfapyridine in lobar pneu­
monia, Dr. S.K. Lau made a study of its use in 18 cases admitted
to the hospital from February to April. The routing treatment
was 2 grams as an initial dose followed by 1 gm. every 4 hrs. until
the temperature dropped, and then give only 4 doses per diem. Of
the 18 cases one died, one left before treatment was completed,
three developed empyema and 13 made prompt and uneventful
recovery. In 11 the temperature dropped to normal within 24
hours. In 5 cases it fell to normal within 48 hours.
Blood
concentration was determined in 7.
Pneumococcus Meningitis. Twenty-six cases of meningitis are
recorded among in-patients. Of these 13 were tuberculous, 3
epidemic, 5 non-specified and 5 pneumococcic. The pneumococcic
oases all occurred between Feb. 11 and April 2. The ages were
(
20
)
2, 15, 20, 27, & 62 years. Four were males and one female.
There were no other complicating diseases. In all the spinal fluid
showed an increase of leucocytes and typical pneumococci. Sulfapyridine was given to all. Four of the five died, but one made
a good recovery, and is herewith reported
Hosp. No. 41/1830 male, aged 20, had cough with slight
fever for more then 10 days. Evidence of broncho-pneumonia;
three days after admission he developed rigidity of neck and Kernig’s
sign. Spinal fluid was under increased pressure, white cells 47,
pneumococci present. Tw o .days later spinal fluid clear, white
cells 67, pneumococci present. He left hospital on the seventh
day apparently convalescent; follow up inquiries confirmed his
recovery; specific treatment consisted of soludaganin seven in­
tramuscular injections.
Sulfapyridine 1 gram was given four
hourly. The blood concentration of sulfapyridine reached 9 mg.
per 100 cc.
Beriberi. Among the most hopeless cases brought to our hospital
are those of acute beriberi with acute cardiac failure. W ith the
introduction of thiamine hydrochloride even these severe cases
have recovered. The following case is of interest
Hospital No. 41/1527 aged 25. Four days before admission
patient noted dyspnoea palpitation, edema of extremities and of
face, weakness and numbness of the legs for several months The
heart was greatly enlarged, knee jerks absent. On admission
there was subnormal temperature, pulse rate 128. Thiamine 5
mg. was given every 4 hours and Tr. digitalis. In 24 hours the
pulse rate had fallen. There was marked diuresis, and the borders
of the heart returned to normal in a few days. The patient left
the hospital on the 9th day greatly improved, with a pulse of 80.
W e now usually administer thiamine hypodermically, 5 mg.
dissolved in 4 cc. of water.
Intestinal obstruction due to ascaris. Hospital No. 41/2076,
male aged 9. Pain in abdomen for a week, with vomiting. No
bowel movement for 3 days. Temp. 38.70, pulse 120. W . B. C.
14,550, abdomen distended, tenderness all over. An enema was
(
21
)
ineffective. Laparotomy showed the smaller bowel twisted in re­
gion of lower ileum and containing many worms. The intestine
was untwisted and the abdomen closed again. Santonin was
administered and in the next few days 103 ascaris were passed.
The case recalls another reported in the Hospital report for
1922 in which a male of 34 years was operated on for intestinal
obstruction. Ascaris worms were found to be massed in the small
intestine. After administering santonin and oil of chenopodium
490 round worms were passed.
Abdominal Pregnancy. Hospital No. 41/801 Female, age 32,
first pregnancy. The patient dates her pregnancy since eight and a
half months. Throughout this period she has suffered from nausea
and vomiting and abdominal pains. Eighteen days before admis­
sion the pains became very severe, she was unable to sleep. There
was a mass pressing up into the chest. Yesterday she complained
of vomiting, headache and edema. On physical examination the
patient is very weak and pale. The heart and lungs are negative
the abdomen is greatly swollen, areas of dullness appear above
the umbilicus. On auscultation the fetal heart is heard above
and to the left of the umbilicus. The fetal limbs are palpable,
but not the head or back. Vaginal examination shows the cervix
purplish in color, but not dilated. A mass is felt in the right
fornix, as. also in the left.
Laparotomy-On opening the peritoneum a thin membrane
is seen, containing particles of meconium. The placenta was
firmly attached to the intestines below. The walls of the intestine
surrounding the fetus appeared dark red. The fetus was removed,
but because of severe hemorrhage no attempt was made to remove
the placenta, the mother died 15 minutes after the conclusion of
the operation and the fetus lived only 5 hours. It weighed only
4 lbs. 7 oz.
Acromial Bursitis. This baffling condition came vividly to the
writer’s attention as a result of a fall in Hongkong in Feb. 1940,
just before leaving for the United States. No attention was paid
to the injury but pain in left shoulder persisted. Early in April
(
22
)
he consulted the head of the orthopedic service of one of the large
medical schools of the eastern United States. After taking an
X -R ay, which was negative, the diagnosis was confirmed. Treat­
ment consisted in strapping, deep injection of Novocaine and
postural movements. 3 or 4 treatments in April failed to give
any permanent relief. H e was then advised to try Roentgen
Radiation by an expert, who had used this method on several other
cases. During May, June and July over six applications were
made, with only slight temporary relief. In August treatments
with static electricity were given for an hour every day for 2 weeks
and still no permanent cure. A radical operation and removal of
the bursa was then recommended, but he decided to consult an
osteopath before undergoing the operation. W ith 6 treatments
given over a period of 5 weeks there was complete recovery and
all pain ceased.
Minor Operations. Lumbar Puncture...................... 8
Thoracocentesis.......................... 12
Paracentesis...............
21
Artificial Pneumothorax............168
Signed,
W m . W . Cadbury.
Superintendent.
< 23
)
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
Report of Medical Service
For Lingnan Refugee Camp and Community
and
Neighboring Villages
October 26, 1938 to January 31, 1940
also
Community and Neighboring Villages
February 1, 1940 to January 31, 1941
(Condensed report)
Introduction. This report of medical service of the refugee camp
at Lingnan for the fifteen months from its opening October 26,
1938 till its close January 31, 1940 also includes the report of the
medical service for non-refugee occupants of the campus and in­
habitants of nearby villages. The refugee group was under good
control, the campus group also, but not quite so good. Having
such control it was possible to give a medical service combining
curative, preventive and constructive phases. The village group
was under no control but consisted only of those who wished to
come for treatment.
In addition to the description of various activities, the total
disease incidence by three month periods is given showing the
effect of the medical service on health, morbidity and mortality.
The report should be useful to those doing similar work.
Population. When Canton was occupied in October 1938 the
students and most of the faculty of Lingnan had moved to
Hongkong, leaving a few of the staff and the workmen and their
families. This made a population of more than five hundred. By
October 25 more than three thousand refugees were taken in and
a few days later nearly three thousand more.
Sources of data for population of the campus were a census
of campus population taken in December, 1938, after the evacua­
tion, and another taken in March, 1940, after the refugee camp
was closed. An estimated gain of 200 from the time of closing
(
24
)
the camp, January 31, till the census was taken, March 1940 was
divided into the same proportion by age as the March census and
subtracted from it for the population of the campus for the three
month period, November 1939 to January 1940. One third of
the difference between this and the December 1938 census was
added to the December census to make the second period. The
third and fourth periods were calculated ths same way.
Organization and Staff. Medical service began at once with a
staff consisting of Dr. F. Oldt and two nurses, Mrs. C.N. Laird
and Miss Y.C. H oh ({ppj&Uo). There were three patients in the
out-patient clinic the first day. The number increased rapidly.
Help was soon needed. Drs. N.M. Leung C ^ ^ 2 fc)a n d H .Y . Lee
and two graduate and four student nurses were secured
from Hackett. In February 1939 Drs. Leung and Lee returned
to Hackett and Drs. S.P. Paang
and M.C. Lee
took their places. Nurses were several times replaced by others
and a druggist was added. A dentist was employed part of the time.
The college infirmary was opened as a hospital and at first
out-patient clinics were held there. W hen rains began the out­
patient clinic was moved to the ground floor of Carpentier Hall
formerly used as clinic for workmen and villagers. The hospital
for villagers and workmen was used at different times for communi­
cable diseases, tuberculosis, for old people not able to care for
themselves or too infirm to live in the dormitories. Later it was
used for a time as a day nursery for children of mothers who had
to work or be in hospital or for any other reason could not care
for their babies during the day.
Camp Inspection. Inspection rounds were made daily by Dr.
Oldt and Mrs. Laird and Miss Hoh. The objects of this in­
spection were: to check up on sanitation, to look for illness and see
if clothing and bedding were adequate.
This inspection had a noticeable effect on disease incidence.
Other than obstetric cases emergency calls at night were few,
almost none. After chronic cases had been picked up and cared
for there were no new ones, and many diseases as those of the skin,
(
25
)
habitually with the ordinary population, tended to disappear.
Nutrition. There were two kitchens for the refugees, one for
those in sericulture buildings and the other for those in the
dormitories.
For these every morning thsre was one meal of thick
congee made up of 2.5 leung (one leung equals 1.1/3 oz.) of rice,
1/4 leuag of beans and a little ginger. Every afternoon they had
a meal of 3 leung of rice in summer, (in winter 4 1/2 leung), 1/2
leung of beans, 1 leung of fresh vegetables and 1 1/2 preserved
olives. Once or twice a week there was meat, usually dried fish,
one pound fish for 18-20 people.
The food was planned to be no more than would keep the
refugees in health. This, then, constitutes a feeding experiment
on a large scale to determine a minimum adequate diet which will
maintain health for people not engaged in heavy work.
Medical Service. Out-patient v i s i t s In the out-patient clinic
there were 4940 patients with 39934 visits from refugees, or
8.08 visits per patient; J312 patients with 8362 visits from the
campus, or 6.37 visits per patient; and 7703 from the villages with
21462 visits or 2.78 visits per patient; totalling 13955 patients
with 69760 visits, or 4.99 visits per patient.
The median of total number of visits for refugees comes
in the group that made 24 visits; for the campus in the group
that made 15 visits and for the villagers in the group that came
only 4 times. This indicates the relative effort made to find
illness and get it treated.
There were approximately 1,200,000 refugee days with
39934 visits, an average of about one visit in 30 days per person.
This includes practically all illnesses, slight and severe, as all
sick found on inspection or otherwise were given treatment, and
not as in ordinary population where only those who want it come
for treatment.
D eaths:-
There were 109 deaths among the three groups.
(
ae
)
Table
Deaths According to Diagnosis
Oct.26,’38- Feb.- May- Aug.- Nov.Total
Jaa.31,39 April July Oct. Jan.’40
Refugees
Broncho-Pneumonia
(after measles)
Broncho-Pneumonic
Chicken Pox
Diphtheria
Taberculosis
Malaria
Diarrhea
Dysentery
Typhoid Fever
Cholec} stitis
Malnutrition
Noma
Carcinoma of stomach
Premature Labor
Injury
Asthma
5
3
2
2
5
5
2
2
1
2
33
13
2
3
19
7
7
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
28
7
1
1
4
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
5
2
3
4
1
Campus
Beriberi
Rheumatism
T .B . Meningitis
Typhoid Fever
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Villagers
Enlarged Thymus
Forceps Delivery
Gunshot W ound
Premature Birth
Total...................
1
2
1
3
2
1
3
38
40
1
1
10
14
7
109
(
27
)
Table
Annual Death Bate of Refugees and Campus
by Three Month Periods
Population
Oct.26,’38-Jan.’39
February- April
MayJuly
AugustOctober
November-Jan.’40
6356
2886
2580
2332
2‘201
Deaths
35
40
8
12
7
Per 1000 Pop.
22.0
62.4
12.4
20.1
12.7
The population varies so much that a rate for the whole
period would not show conditions so well as by giving it by three
m onth periods. The low number of deaths in the first period
may be because before organization was complete cases may not
have been brought to hospital or reported but carried off for burial
or taken away before death. The other periods are more reliable.
In the second period the high mortality is due to 28 deaths from
measles. The deaths from tuberculosis were all old cases well
advanced before entering camp. There was no case that could be
shown to have originated in the camp. Other than the three
deaths from diarrhea in infants during the hot weather of the third
period, the number of deaths from diseases of the gastro-intestinal
tract was low after the first period. Most of the malaria deaths
are in the first period. The greater number of deaths came in
early and later years of life. The population largely consisted of
children and old people.
Disease I n c i d e n c e Some of the people had more than one kind
of illness. Of the refugees 6204 were ill with 10,012 illnesses, of
campus people 1,082 were ill with 1,608 illnesses. There were
7620 villagers with 8966 illnesses. Refugee and campus groups are
comparable because the population is known. The village is not.
The refugee group was composed of more under age 15 and over 50
than normal and between ages 15 and 50 had more females tban
men. Almost all employed on the campus had living with them
their families and in many cases relatives, making the campus
group more like normal population.
(
28
)
M alaria:- This was the most important disease, being 28.45%
of all cases treated. In the village group it is first in all periods.
In refugee and campus groups after the first three month period
skin diseases rival it for first place. Malaria was not necessarily
worse in the villages but a smaller part of other diseases came for
treatment. Five of the seven deaths were in the first three month
period. The percent of cases to whole population was less in fifth
than in first three month period by about one half. This reduc­
tion could not have just happened so, as proportion of malaria to
all cases treated from villages did not reduce. No quinine or other
drug was given for prophylaxis. Mosquitoes were not completely
destroyed. All cases were thoroughly treated.
Skin;- This group has 3921 or 18.45%, of all cases. Among
refugees 54.9%, campus group 86.4% and villagers 98.5% were
eczema, scabies and ringworm. The remaining cases were almost all
lice and chilblains. Had these not been hunted out or treated the
reduction of number of skin cases would have been more marked.
Diseases of the respiratory tract;- This group totaled 1860,
9.03% of all cases. Most, 92% in refugee, 86% in village and 83%
in campus, were mild and could be classed as common colds. The
next most important was pneumonia. In refugee and campus
groups there were in the first period 4 cases of lobar pneumonia.
Of broncho-pneumonia there were 29, 36, 2, 3, and 1 cases respec­
tively in first, second, third, fourth and fifth periods. Other cases
were: hemoptysis 3, all in first three month period, asthma 10, and
influenza 1. In the village group all were common colds except
9 cases asthma and three of broncho-pneumonia.
There was little change in number of cases among villagers
in the three m onth periods till the fifth. For the refugee and
campus groups there was a decrease in number of cases, in percent­
age of total cases and in rate according to population. In MayJuly period there is an increase over preceding and following
periods, in warm rather than cold weather. These are purely
contact diseases and this decrease of incidence, 12.8% of population
for refugees in November-January, 1939 to 4.9% in November,
1939-January, 1940, was among people living in very crowded
dormitories. Overcrowding did not cause high respiratory disease
incidence. Diet, cleanliness, order, less indoor or more outdoor
life may have been factors preventing high incidence in spite of
overcrowding.
Measles:- There is some uncertainty in regard to the beginning
of measles. None was recorded in the camp before January 10,
1939. A case developed then from a patient returning from
Canton Hospital where it had been sent because of chicken pox.
In checking case histories of Canton Hospital seven cases of measles
recorded as from Lingnan where found, one each, dated December
9, 29 and 30 and 4 January 8. Including these, onset by ten day
periods are given in Table.
Table
Onset of Measles Cases by
10 Day Periods
No. of Cases
1
..........
2
31
„ 224
9 ..........
Jan 19
19 ..........
» 109,9 .......... 37
„ 208 .......... 64
,, 30-Feb.
18 .......... 105
Feb. 928, .......... 35
„ 19-
Date
Dec. 9
.....
.........
Date
No. of Cases
Mn,r. 1-Mafr, 9.. ............. 5
„ 1019.. ............. 4
Apr. 19-Apr. 28.. .............
„ 28-May 8.. .............
May 918.. .............
5
7
4
------Total.................... .............282
Until February 9 most cases were sent to Canton Hospital.
At that time it was felt that transportation might be unfavorably
affecting recovery and it was decided to treat them at Lingnan.
A one story dormitory was made into a measles hospital. There
was no difference in mortality rate of those treated at Canton
Hospital and those treated at Lingnan.
The deaths were all from broncho-pneumonia. The case
and mortality rates based on population under 15 years are 18.7%
and 2.2% respectively.
(
30
)
B eriberi:- This indicates whether food supplied the refugees
was adequate or not. Eleven cases, 0.19% of the population, were
found during the first three month period; 6 or .27% in the second,
5 or .27% in the third, 1 or 0.06% in the fourth and none in the
fifth.
The records did not show how long they had been in the
camp and some may have been recent arrivals with beriberi when
they came. There may have been other cases in first period which
escaped observation. The second to fifth periods are accurate.
There were n o;other deficiency diseases found.
The food was ade­
quate and but little more than adequate for prevention of beriberi.
School Health. A school for refugee children was started early
and a school health program was introduced. The activities were:
daily inspection by doctor or nurse, teaching, sanitation, measur­
ing height and weight, physical examination, correction of defects
and treatment of illness or injuries.
In correction of defects, chief attention wag given to teeth,
skin diseases, conjunctivitis, otitis media, malnutrition, trachoma
and such conditions that could be cared for in clinic.
A special clinic was formed for treatment of the 184 cases
of trachoma.
They were divided into six groups.
treated with copper sulphate stick.
One group was
This was done daily except
that when the conjunctiva became too irritated, copper sulphate
was stopped and argyrol was substituted for two or three days.
One group was given sulphanilamid 15 grains daily for ten days
with a few days rest in between.
into the eyes daily.
ointment.
One group had prontosil dropped
One had daily applications of copper citrate
One had quinine rubs daily.
One had boric rubs daily.
The Table gives results for those who were treated for more
than four months.
C 31
)
Table
Results of Treatment of Trachoma Cases
Among Pupils in Refugee School
Treatment Used
Average
Average
Number
No. of No. Im ­ No.
No.
Month
Not Im ­
Points of
Treated Treated Cured proved proved Worse
Improvom’ t
19
11
Boric Rub
14
Sulphanilamid
12
Prontosil Drops
Copper Cit. Oint,. 15
7
Quinine Rub
Copper Sulphate
7
7
6
5
7
6
4
4
3
—
11
4
8
5
10
3
4
3
1
4
2
3
1
2
2
2
1.4
1.4
1.3
.6
.7
.5
The average points improvement and number cured show
that the groups treated by copper sulphate and boric rub, both
recognized as good methods of treatment, and sulphanilamid are
very similar and prontosil drops, copper citrate ointment and quin­
ine rub are very similar and not nearly so good as the first three.
The dosage of sulphanilamid was perhaps not large enough to give
best results. Another series should be carried out with heavier
dosage of sulphanilamid and one of sulphanilamid combined with
prontosil drops for another group. Copper sulphate and boric rub
being standard treatment could be considered as controls. It did
not seem fair to the patients to use one group without treatment
for control.
Cost. The actual sum paid out for this service for the fifteen
months was $3785.05 Hongkong currency, making $3045.05 for
a year. This is $0.93 per person per year. To this should be
added the drugs and supplies given by the Red Cross. These
approximately cost $1,500 or $100.00 a month. This makes a total
of $5485'.05. Counting an average exchange rate of 4:1 it would
equal $1371.00 U.S. currency. The yearly cost would be $4368.04
or about $1.30 H.K. per person per year.
This was not merely treatment of patients coming volun­
tarily. All illnesses were treated. Special measures were used for
control.or elimination of tuberculosis, trachoma, skin and gastro­
(
32
)
intestinal diseases.
Preventive service included immunization
against small pox, cholera and typhoid, and hospitalization of
measles, mumps, chicken pox, diphtheria, and tuberculosis. There
was a sanitary service. Welfare activities were maternity and
child health, school health, day nursery, and special care for old
people. The oat-patient clinic and hospital were also available
for villagers outside the campus.
In the fifteen months there was a marked decrease in in­
cidence of all diseases amounting to practical elimination of some.
Noteworthy are malaria, tuberculosis, deficiency diseases, diseases
of the skin, of the respiratory tract and of the gastro-intestinal
tract. The proportion of serious to mild cases decreased. Curative
measures when all cases are treated has a great influence in reduc­
tion of disease. This is greatly enhanced when combined with
preventive and welfare measures.
The medical and health service was furnished at a small
cost. The staff and equipment could easily be used to serve a
population of 10,000 or more.
The control o f a community in respect to health and disease
brings up the question of regimentation and personal liberty, the
right of choice of physician and the personal relation of patient
and physician. Actually it has meant a greater liberty, a richer,
more abundant life and removal of restrictions to the pursuit of
happiness. Impairment, if any, of the personal relation of patient
and physician had no noticeable effect on results whether of treat­
ment or prevention and was more than offset by the health nurse
coming into the relationship. Not having opportunity to choose
physicians did no harm, rather good, as it prevented self medica­
tion or going where they got inefficient treatment.
Community and Villages 1940-1941
Reorganization. On January 81,1940, the refugee camp closed.
A group of thirty or more blind people, the responsibility of the
Association for the Blind, were left on the campus. A feeding
station was maintained on the campus for the destitute in villages.
iH a ven , Ç9
T h e school was kept on for children from the campus and from
the neighboring villages. Many of the refugees were employed
for work in the campus.
W hen the refugee camp disbanded the communal kitchens
were closed. All those staying on the campus saw to the supply­
ing and preparing their own food. There could be no regulation
of diet of any consequence. Pay of workmen was not large.
‘ Money began to depreciate and prices go up. W orkmen and
families exercised little wisdom in selecting foods. The rice hull­
ing machine used on the campus polished the rice also. The
workmen had families and relatives to support. Although the
university supplied rice at half market price women also had to
work in order to get enough to eat.
The hospital and out-patient clinic were continued, the
staff remaining the same except that Miss S.F. W ong health nurse,
was added. A day nursery was started in May.
Extraclinical
work was reorganized.
In order to get information on which to base work a survey
was made, including census and physical examination of all in­
habitants.
Activities. After this survey, the activities organized were:
home visiting, health education, child welfare, school health, im­
munization, out-patient clinic and hospital.
Home visiting:- Home visiting was done between 6 and 9
p.m. This was the only time possible as most of the people were
at work during the day. The purpose of the visits was inspec­
tion and education. Inspection included sanitation and looking
for those who needed medical care. The sick had to go to clinic
or hospital for care. This was the method used to see that all got
cared for. Instruction was given in sanitation, care of home, of
children or of sick, prevention of disease or whatever was needed.
Child W elfare:- Everything went on as usual until May 14 and
16 when two deaths occurred, one a boy 1 1 / 3 year and one 6
months old, of gastro-intestinal trouble. This brought to light a
rather serious condition. Mothers going out to work had to leave
(
34
)
their babies at home often without good care or feeding. Home
visits of nurses were made in evening when mothers were at home.
This may be the reison that the matter did not receive earlier
attention.
A day nnrsery was started and mothers left their babies
there while at work. The babies were properly fed and cared for
by a trained nurse. More than 20 babies daily receive this service.
They are healthy and happy. No deaths occurred later among
these. There was only one infant death, Septembsr 1, after this
from gastro-inte3tinal disease on campus. It was not from the
day nursery.
There were 31 babies born on campus during the year.
These with their mothers received the usual post-and pre-natal care.
Out-Patient C l i n i c In the out-patient clinic there were 485
people sick, 2517 illnesses and 17449 visits, making 5.2 illnesses
per patient, and 35.9 visits per patient on campus. .From villages
2549 people sick with 3884 illnesses and 10501 visits, making 1.5
illnesses per patient and 4.1 visits per patient. Included in this
are 89 dental patients from campus and 44 from villages.
These are mostly mild cases that seldom come to a doctor
under private practice. The small proportion of serious cases is
indicated by the number entering hospital; only 180 out of a total
of 2697 cases from campus.
Mortality Rates. There were 11 deaths on the campus. W ith a
population of 1182 the rate per 1000 is 9.4. February, March and
April was a transition period due to the closing of the refugee
camp. The changes affected nutrition and care of children. Before
the recognition and correction of these conditions could be made
there were five infant deaths, thus making rates much higher than
they should have been. Even then it is much lower than in ordinary
China and is under the rate normaly expected in other countries.
Perhaps 1/2 to 2/3 of rice consumed is grown on campus.
A machine for hulling the rice is combined with the polishing
process and cannot be separated. The hulls and polishings are
used for making an extract for treating beriberi, for feed for poultry
(
35
)
and pigs and other farm animals. Hulling and polishing is done
for many residents of nearby villages.
A new mill that would only hull the rice would greatly
simplify the beriberi problem for campus and for villages as well.
Since a new mill could not be had other measures were taken.
Substitutes, vegetables and beans, were made available. All cases
were treated.
As records show the beriberi is again almost eliminated
from the campus. After the close of the year, bean curd and bean
milk is now being made on the campus and is available at much
less than market price for those in campus, so that this problem
is practically solved.
Cost. The cost for the year is $2,234.05 H ong Kong currency,
or $1.89 per capita, or $0.47$ U.S. currency at rate of 4.1. In
addition to all the various services on campus it includes the out­
patient clinic for villages. Most of the drugs were supplied by
the Red Cross.
Conclusion. The chief value of this report is the follow up of
progress made over first year in the control of disease in the com ­
munity.
W orthy of note are: (1) Absence of certain diseases, as tuber­
culosis, cholera, small pox, typhoid, (2) the reduction in other dis­
eases, as malaria, dysentery (only one case,) diseases of respiratory
tract. (3) The control of other diseases which had increased during
the reorganization after disbandment of refugee camp, noticeably
beriberi and gastro-intestinal diseases. (4) Reduction of mortality
rates in spite of increase of infant deaths due to reorganization
after refugee camp disbanded. (5) Improvment in health of school
children.
In the present world when everything is changing medicine
is no exception. W hy should there be two or more phases of the
same work functioning separately often in opposition, curative on
one hand, preventive on the other, dentistry entirely separate and
pharmacology almost entirely under the control of purely commer­
cial bodies? It is high time before it is too late that doctors face
(
36
)
the problem that is theirs alone of working an efficient and eco­
nomical plan of treatmant of all disease an i its prevention and
eradication. This two years experience shows something of what is
possible and is worth a tryout in other places and on a larger scale.
F.
OLDT
Head of Department
of Public Health
Report of Social Service Department
Since the autumn of 1938 the social service department of
Canton Hospital has not been functioning. Early in December
1940, the department was reopened with a staff of one. Though
the work of the past six months has hardly deserved the title of
social service, so inadequate was it in the face of needs, it has
nevertheless been started with hope of future accomplishments.
From December 1, 1940 till June 30, 1941 one hundred
and thirteen cases of hospital in-patients have been recorded in the
social service files. Of these, two were non-charity cases and two
entered as charity patients but paid full expenses on discharge from
hospital.
The majority of charity cases were admitted to Canton
Hospital on recommendation from charitable institutions which
had already determined the worthiness of the case to accept charity
aid. In such cases, the social service department recorded the
members of the patient’s family and their respective earnings as a
matter of formal check.
Some cases, however, arrived without introduction. In
these cases, the family circumstances were inquired into, and the
cases judged suitable for charity aid upon the results of this ques­
tioning . Ideally, the acceptance of such cases should have been
followed immediately by visits to the home to obtain corroboration
of the patient’s story of need. These investigations would assure
the hospital of the true state of the patient’s home conditions.
This, however, was not done for various reasons. Upset conditions
(
37
)
in the city would have made tracing patients to their homes ex­
tremely difficult and unsatisfactory. Many patients were transients
in the city without permanent residence here. Furthermore, with
only one worker in the department, time was not available, to take
up each case individually in this manner.
A well educated teacher, his wife and three small children
were brought to our attention several months ago when the wife,
formerly a nurse at Canton Hospital, arrived in great distress.
Because of continued misfortune following the fall of Canton, her
husband became mentally unbalanced and was totally unable to
care for himself and his family. She was tired of begging and
pleaded that the hospital help her. The husband was given a free
bed in the men’s ward, but the care of three small children hin­
dered the wife from obtaining work. The refugee camp at Paak
Hok Tung then offered to take the children free of charge, and
Canton Hospital employed the wife as a nurse. She is now in
charge of dietetics and is doing very well. Meanwhile, the husband
has, through rest and care, recovered so well that he has been
appointed as teacher to the school at the Lingnan Campus. It is
hoped that after a year or two he will once more be able to support
his family.
At the other extreme was the case of the mother whose
oldest son had typhoid and whose three other children were
too small to care for themselves. She earned a bare living
by pushing carts along the street, while the children picked up
stray vegetables that sometimes fell from passing carts. She
was utterly unable to pay for her boy’s treatment. Even selling
her littlest child would not have brought sufficient money and
so she asked the hospital for aid.
Between the above examples ranged the majority of cases;
poor families who could maintain themselves in a state of health
but were quite unable to meet the extra expense which disease or
operation entailed.
W ithin the hospital, the department attempted to help
patients by explaining hospital routine, taking messages to relatives
(
38
)
when possible, registering complaints and visiting on the wards.
This type of service seemed to be appreciated especially by those
who had never been inside a hospital before.
The planning of a new children’s ward was one of the
projects in which the social service department participated. Measurments for wood and glass partitions between the beds, fitting
of curtains and collecting of pictures were included. The Lingnan
Playschool presented the ward with wooden toys and picture books.
A hobby horse was given by Dr. W .W . Cadbury and building
blocks by Mrs. W .E . MacDonald.
Other projects completed were the refurnishing and paint­
ing of the diet kitchen fitting of curtains for four private rooms,
the buying of brass rice containers for the wards, and the fitting
of a sitting room for the men of the Chinese staff.
Early in June, Mrs. Tsoi joined the social service depart­
ment, the presence of a Chinese worker has doubled the scope of
the departments work. As a hospital visitor, visiting rich and poor
patients alike, Mrs. Tsoi is extending the department’s services to
non-charity patients as well as charity patients. She has been of
service in visiting one or two homes where investigation, though
extremely important, would have been impossible before. Her
help is also invaluable in obtaining Chinese books to lend hospital
patients. Though the beginning is small the department looks
forward to giving more service in the future.
E. Jean MacDonald.
Report of the School of Nursing
Mrs. C.N. Laird, dean, left on furlough in Jan. 1941. Miss
I. Moore was appointed supervisor of nursing in the wards on
January 1st. 1941. Miss Taam So-Fong was sent to the Peiping
Union Medical School Hospital in the autumn for a nine months
post-graduate course in institutional nursing. She is expected to
return early in August and we have appointed Miss Au W oon-Chun
to take a similar course next year.
(
39
)
Miss Grace Rupert of the Hackett Medical Centre gave our
students an excellent course in dietetics. Miss Edith Anstey of the
Methodist (English) Mission continued her very helpful instruc­
tion in setting up exercises. The following ladies also gave of
their time to the teaching of English: Mrs. E.T. Williams, Mrs.
Ho Walker and Mrs. Alan Price of the British Consular staff.
There have been 27 students enrolled, the last group of 10
having been admitted in September and capped in March. W e are
expecting to admit a new class of probationers in September 1941.
This Training School was opened in 1914. In Oct. 1938
there were 66 pupils enrolled, and a total of 90 including staff.
All of these left the hospital before the fall of Canton. W e started
all over again in June 1939 with 10 pupils. W e believe there has
been a very definite improvement in the nursing facilities of the
hospital during the last 12 months.
Capping of the New Class. March 8 . 1941 was a significant day
in the life of ten young probationers in the Canton Hospital Nurs­
ing School. These young women received their caps at a short
ceremony attended by friends of the hospital from consular, bu­
siness, educational and missionary circles. Also four members of
the board of the Canton Medical Missionary Society were present:
Dr. T.A. Broadfoot, representing the United Church of Canada
Mission, Professor W .E . MacDonald of Lingnan University, Eev.
H .F. Thomson, and L . B. W ood Esq.
The event took place in the auditorium of the Medical
School and was followed by a tea in the clinic of the main hospital.
The program commenced at 3 o ’clock on Saturday afternoon.
The new class of nurses entered the auditorium under floral
arches supported by the second year student nurses. The first
item was a short introduction by Dr. Leung Sik Kwong. He
was followed by Dr. W W . Cadbury; Miss Lam Wai, Dean of
the Nursing School then capped each probationer signifying her
entrance upon the regular three year training course. This cere­
mony was followed by two musical numbers sung by the second
year nurses under the direction of Miss Irene Moore.
(
40
)
The guest speaker was Dr. Charles A. Hayes of the Leung
Kwong Baptist Hospital. As a Medical Missionary for over 40
years in China, Dr. Hayes was well qualified to speak to the new
class of Nurses. In his address Dr. Hayes reminded the audience
that he had spent many years on the staff of the Hospital. He
stressed first the importance of the decision of a life purpose.
“ W hen one is small decisions are made for him by an older person.
There comes, at last, a time when each must decide for himself
what he shall do with his life. W hen this time arrives it is well
to ask oneself three questions: “ What would I like to do? What
work could I do best if qualified ? In what work could I best help
mankind?” T o the nurses Dr. Hayes said: “ You have decided to
become nurses! God bless you! I hope it is what you like best
and what you are qualified to do your best work in. I hope it is
the work in which you are best able to serve mankind.” Then
he spoke of service. “ The motto of Canton Hospital is Mark
10:45: ‘For even the son of man came not to be ministered unto
but to minister and to give his life a ranson for many’. This
should be the motto of its nurses as well. Faithfulness in times
of trouble and service in occupied territory has meant comfort
to thousands who otherwise would have suffered far more. Service
is not limited to care for bodily ills. To every nurse comes the
opportunity of service to the mind and soul. In your duties
as nurses I would urge you not only to be efficient and faithful in
your assigned responsibilities, but to demonstrate always the com­
passion and love of our Lord Jesus Christ in the care of your
patients-in the service of mankind serving man and serving God” .
The meeting closed with a prayer by Mr. Kam pastor of
the Yan Tsai Church.
Signed.
Lam Wai.
Acting Dean.
Table No. X IV
CLASSIFICATION OF GENERAL SURGICAL
OPERATIONS
Head and Neck.
Adenectomy, tuberculosis of lymph-node............................. 6
Excision, carbuncle of neck
.............................................. 7
Excision, sebaceous cyst, face & scalp
................................14
Excision, tumor of parotid gland
.....................................
1
.............. 21
Incision & drainage, abscess face, scalp & neck
Reduction, under general anesthesia, dislocationof jaw ...
2
Reduction, without anesthesia, dislocation of jaw ...........
4
Repair of harelip
...............................................................
1
Sequestrectomy, inferior maxilla
.....................................
6
Suturing, lacerated wound, scalp face & lip
.................... 9
Suturing, incised wound, tongue
.....................................
1
Thorax.
7
Amputation of breast for carcinoma.....................................
Curettage, osteomyelitis of r i b .............................................. 2
Excision, carbuncle of back
.............................................. 2
Excision, dermoid cyst of breast
.....................................
1
3
Excision, adeno-fibroma of breast .....................................
Excision, sebaceous cyst of chest
.....................................
1
Extraction foreign body (coin) from esophagus
...........
2
Incision & drainage, subpectoral a b scess............................. 2
Incision & drainage, abscess of breast
............................. G
Incision & drainage, chest w all..................
10
Sequestrectomy, r i b ............................................................... 2
Abdomen.
Appendicectomy, acute
......................................................
2
Appendicectomy, acute, abscess.............................................. 5
Appendicectomy, c h r o n ic ....................................................... 2
....................................................... 8
Hernioplasty, inguinal
Hernioplasty, inguinal & Bottle's operation for hydrocele. 1
Hernioplasty, inguinal strangulated..................................... 4
Hernioplasty, umbilical
......................................................
1
(
42
)
Incision & drainage, perinephrotic-abscess
.................... 1
Incision & drainage, psoas abscess ..................................... 4
Laparotomy, exploratory, for perforated stomach ...........
1
Laparotomy, exploratory, sarcoma of spleen .................... 1
Laparotomy, & reduction for torsion of intestine, due to
ascaris obstru ction............................................................... 1
Laparotomy, & reduction for torsion of mesentery &
small intestine.......................................................................
1
Suturing lacerated wound, abdominal wall
....................
1
Rectum.
Dilatation, stricture of re ctu m ..............................................
Excision & curettage, fistula-in-ano..................................... 11
Excision, polypus, rectu m ......................................................
1
Hemorrhoidectomy ............................................................... 20
Incision & drainage, ischio-rectal abscess............................. 11
Genito-Urinary.
Aspiration, hydrocele of t e s t i s .............................................. 4
Bottle’s operation, for hydrocele of testis............................. 2
Circumcision
........................................................................ 5
Cystotomy, & repair of urethra; rupture of urethra...........
2
Cystotomy, urethrotomy, retrograde catheterization for
5
urethral stricture, with retention of u r i n e ....................
6
Excision of inguinal b u b o ......................................................
Incision, abscess of scrotum
.............................................. 4
Incision periurethral abscess
.............................................. 3
Lithotomy, suprapubic vesical calculus ............................. 12
1
Orchidectomy, adenectomy, for sarcoma of testis ...........
Ureterolithotomy
............................................................... 5
1
Urethroplasty for fistula of u r e th ra .....................................
Extremities.
Amputation finger
.......... ....................................................
Amputation fo r e a r m ...............................................................
Amputation leg (compound fracture)
.............................
Amputation toe, lacerated wound .....................................
Debridement
........................................................................
Excision, cavernous angioma, forearm
.............................
2
3
2
1
6
1
(
43
)
Excision, fungating tumor, thigh ..................................... 1
Excision, neuroma, arm ...................................................... 1
...................................................... 1
Excision, papilloma, leg
Excision, hemangioma, arm
.............................................
1
Excision, sebaceous cyst, buttock, leg
............................. 4
............................................................... 5
Extraction, bullet
Extraction, needle
............................................................... 8
Extraction, glass....................................................................... 2
Extraction, of toe nail, for ingrowing toe-nail.................... 4
Incision abscess.......................................................................... 22
Incision multiple, cellulitis arm & leg
............................. 4
Incision & curettage tuberculosis of ankle
.................... 1
Incision & curettage tuberculosis of h i p ............................. 2
Skin graft ................................................................................ 5
A N E STH E SIA
C hloroform ................................................................................ 2
Chloroform & ether ............................................................... 5
E t h e r ...........................................................................................47
Evipan sodium ....................
15
Evipan sodium & ether
...................................................... 4
Novocain, local ........................................................................308
Novocain, spinal..........................................................................41
NovocaiD, spinal & e t h e r ...................................................... 2
T o t a l ............... 224
Table No. X V
Gynecological Operations.
Dilatation & curettage for chronic endometritis
...........
2
,,
,,
for hyperplasia of endometrium ... 1
,,
,,
for hydatidiform m o le ............... 2
„
,,
for incomplete abortion
.............. 17
„
for polypus of cervix u t e r i ...........
2
,,
„
for sterility .....................................
4
„
,,
for sterility & anteflexion of uterus 3
„
,,
for sterility, stenosis of cervixand
retroversion of uterus ...........
2
(
44
)
Cauterization for veneraal warts
....................
Excision of iibromyomata of uterus....................
Excision of cysts of anterior vaginal w a ll............
Enucleation of Fibromyomata of vagina............
Appendectomy ...
Incision and drainage of Bartholin’s gland abscess
Laparotomy for abdominal pregnancy
............
Removal of retained placenta .............................
Repairing of vesico-vaginal fistula ....................
Salpingo - oophorectomy for simple ovarian cyst
„
„
„ multilocular ovarian cyst
„
„
„ ectopic gestation ...
Resection of parovarian cyst
.............................
Table X V I
Report of Department of Obstetrics
Parturition mother 133
f Multipara
1 Primipara
95
38
j Male
\ Female
68
Two pairs of twins.
New born infants
Parturition
Placenta; -
Operations;-
135
67
L.O.A.
8V
L.O.C.
1
R.O.A.
43
L.S.A.
5
L .M .P .
2 JL.Sc.P .
1
L.Sc.A.
1
B orn in caul 1.
Adherent placenta 1
Abruptio
„
5
Placenta previa 7
Extraction
Version & extraction.
Removal of placenta..
Episcotom y................
Craniotomy................
fPremature 40
~{ Full term 85
lOver term 10
=
135
f Central
5
Marginal
1
vLow implantation 1
1
6
1
1
1
(
45
)
M ortality
bo th e r
{» £ *
none
{ S ^ o r n //.::: ^
Table No. X Y I I
REPORT OF THE CLINICAL LABO RATO RY.
Summary of Laboratory Tests.
Urine Examinations.
Total Dumber of examinations m a d e .....................................
Routine exam inations...............................................................
Quantitative determinations of albumin .............................
Quantitative determinations of sugar.....................................
Renal function tests ...............................................................
.......................................................................
Ketone bodies
Positive for gonococcus
......................................................
Bile
........................................................................................
3843
3752
15
14
17
26
5
14
Stool Examinations.
Total number of examinations m ade.....................................
Ascaris lumbricoides ...............................................................
Ancylostosma
.......................................................................
Trichuris trichiura
...............................................................
Clonorchis sinensis
...............................................................
...............................................................
Fasciolopsis Buski
Dibothriocephalus latus
......................................................
Taenia solium
.......................................................................
Entameba h isto ly tic a ............................. ...
Occult Blood................................................................................
2190
557
30
65
122
26
3
1
11
27
B lood Examinations.
Total number of examinations m a d e .....................................
Hemoglobin estimations
...
Red blood cell c o u n t s ...............................................................
W hite blood cells counts
......................................................
Diff. white blood cell counts
..............................................
Coagulation and bleeding t i m e s ..............................................
9432
2205
2213
2700
2247
68
(
46
)
Parasitological Examinations.
Total number of examinations m a d e .....................................
Plasmodium vivax
...............................................................
Plasmodium falciparum
.....................................
...........
955
18
37
Serological Examinations.
Total number of examinations m a d e .....................................
...................
Kahn tests ......................................................
W idal’s reaction ........................................................................
1193
1066
127
Spinal Fluid Exam inations.
Total number of examinations m a d e .....................................
......................................................
White blood cell counts
Diff. white blood cell counts
..............................................
Kahn test
................................................................................
............................ t ................................................
F or sugar
F or chlorides................................................................................
Pneumococcus present...............................................................
Meningococcus present
......................................................
42
31
9
2
4
2
10
.1
A scitic Fluid Exam inations.
Total number of examinations m a d e .....................................
2
Gastric Analysis.
Total number of examinations m a d e.....................................
37
Pleural Fluid.
Total number of examinations m a d e .....................................
7
Sputum exam inations.
Total number of examinations m a d e
....................
Positive for tuberculosis bacillus..............................................
S p ir o c h e te s.....................................................
S treptococci................................................................................
Pneum ococci............................................
402
58
4
2
31
U reth ra l & V agin a l D ischarges.
Total number of examinations m a d e .....................................
Positive for gonococcus
......................................................
828
186
(
47
)
Lepra Bacillus Examinations.
Total number of examinations m a d e .....................................
Positive for lepra bacillus ....................
T hroat Smears
Total number of examinations m a d e.....................................
Positive for diphtheria bacillus .............................................
Spironema vincenti and bacillus fusiformis
.........................
Pneumococcus
...........................................................................
Streptococcus
...........................................................................
142
10
90
10
2
23
16
Eye Smears
Total number of examinations m a d e .....................................
Positive for gonococcus
......................................................
5
3
Pus Examinations.
8
Total number of examinations m a d e..........................................
B acteriological Cultures.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Blood cultures total
.....................................................
Pneumococcus positive
.............................................
Streptococcus positive......................................................
Urine cultures, negative
............................................
.............................................
Stool cultures, negative
Spinal fluid cultures, t o t a l.............................................
.............................................
Pneumococcus positive
16
3
1
3
1
6
2
Chem ical Analysis o f Blood.
Urea nitrogen
...........................................................................
Non-protein n it r o g e n ...................................................................
Uric acid
.....................................................................................
Sugar ............................................................................................
Carbon dioxide (Co2) ....................................................................
Albumin
......................
...
...
Globulin
.....................................................................................
Fibrinogen ...........................................................
Icteric in d e x
.........
... ...
Sulfapyradine
...
10
10
3
10
4
1
1
1
12
9
(
48
)
Table No. X V I I I
X-R ay Examinations.
3
A bdom en ...........................
A n k le .................................
1
A rm ..................................... 2
Bladder................................ 26
Chest................................... 268
E lb o w .........
1
1
Esophagus...
F em u r.........
............... 13
1
Fetus...........
1
F in ger.........
............... 3
F o o t .............
1
Gall-bladder,
Gastro-intestinal tract
22
H an d................................... 5
H ip-joint............................ 9
In f. maxilla........................ 2
3
K idney...............................
Knee.................................... 4
L e g ...................................... 2
L iv er................................... i
Neck...............
i
Patella.............
i
Shoulder............................. 2
Spine................................... 8
T e e t h ................................ 30
Total cases............ 411
Fluoroscopic examinations not recorded.
Table No. X I X
A rm ..................... ..............
B ack.................... ..............
Bladder.............. ..............
B uttock.............. ..............
C heek................. ..............
Chest.................... .............
F o o t ..................... ........ .
H an d..................................
Diathermy.
H ip joint............................
10
K idney..............................
52
7
Knee.................................... 14
L e g ...................................... 2
4
44
Neck.......................
13
1
Shoulder....................
81
Spine................................
62
Total............
Table No. X X
Ultra-Violet Radiations.
Abdomen
Cheek
Chest
Head
Neck
5
92
66
10
Total
4
177
(
49
)
Table No. X X I
CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES.
In-Patient & Out-patient Department
_
I
SPECIFIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES.
Abscess
.....................................
Abscess of abdominal w a ll............
Abscess of arm .............................
Abscess of b a c k .............................
Abscess of buttock
... •............
Abscess of face .............................
Abscess of finger............................
Abscess of foot .............................
Abscess of forearm
....................
Abscess of hand .............................
Abscess of hip .............................
Abscess of jaw .............................
Abscess of k n e e .............................
.............................
Abscess of leg
Abscess of n e c k .............................
Abscess, psoas
.............................
Abscess of s c a lp .............................
Abscess sub-pectoral ............
Abscess of th ig h .............................
Abscess of toe
.............................
Bronchopneumonia ....................
Bubo, inguinal .............................
Carbuncle .....................................
Carbuncle of abdominal wall
Carbuncle of back
....................
Carbuncle of neck
....................
Cellulitis
.....................................
Cellulitis of extremity lower
Cellulitis of eye lid ....................
IN-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary
OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
Secondary
... 15
... 2
1
104
3
1
...
...
...
1
2
2
...
...
4
1
16
8
1
7
...
...
...
1
3
1
2
... 3
... 3
... 1
... 1
... 4
... 1
...158
... 2
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
3
2
22
1
191
13
13
3
4
1
1
5
3
■
2
1
(
50
)
IN-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary
Cellulitis of f a c e ....................
Cellulitis of f o o t ....................
Cellulitis of hand
............
Cellulitis of j a w ....................
Cellulitis of leg ....................
............
Cellulitis of neck
............
Cellulitis of pelvis
Chancre
.............................
Chancroid .............................
....................
Chicken pox
Cholera
.............................
C on dylom a.............................
C oryza .....................................
D ip h th eria .............................
Dysentery, acute ....................
............
Dysentery, amebic
Dysentery, bacillary ............
Erysipelas .............................
Furunculosis
....................
Gonorrhea, arthritis ............
Gonorrhea, cerv icitis ............
Gonorrhea, chronic ............
Gonorrhea, conjunctivitis ...
Gonorrhea, epididymitis ...
Gonorrhea, pelvic infection
Gonorrhea, peritonitis
Gonorrhea, urethritis............
Gonorrhea, vulvitis ............
Infection, acute respiratory
Infection of external genitals
Infection of fo o t....................
Infection gum ....................
Infection of knee
...........
..........
OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
Secondary
7
16
3
1
1
..........
2
5
1
1
6
7
1
..........
1
..........
9
8
.......... 14
.......... 20
.......... 21
.......... 32
..........
.. ...
..........
10
2
1
..........
9
4
5
3
..........
2
..........
5
.......... 16
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
2
2
2
2
1
27
4
19
10
1
2
97
4
76
27
10
11
6
2
82
1
1
(
51
)
IN-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary
Infection, leg
..........................
Infection of l i p ..........................
Infections, superficial.................
Infected t h u m b ..........................
Influenza ..................................
Leprosy
..................................
Measles
..................................
Meningitis, non-specified ...
Meningitis, epidemic . . . . . .
Meningitis, pneumococcic ...
Mumps
..................................
Paratyphoid fever, A ...................
Paratyphoid fever, B .................
P aronychia..................................
Pneumonia, lobar
.................
Pneumonitis, chronic.................
Poliomyelitis, acute anterior
Rheumatic fever..........................
S e p sis...........................................
Syphilis
..................................
Syphilis, congenital .................
Tabes dorsalis
..........................
Tetanus
..................................
Thrush
..................................
Tinea ...........................................
T r a c h o m a ..................................
Tuberculosis of ankle.................
Tuberculosis of b o n e .................
Tuberculosis of elbow
Tuberculosis of h an d............ .
Tuberculosis of hip .................
Tuberculosis of intestine ... .
Tuberculosis of joints.................
OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
Secondary
1
1
.
.
...
...
.
.
.
.
.'
.
... 1
... 13
... 1
... 15
... 4
... 3
84
3
29
37
16
1
5
2
1
.
.
...
...
.
... 15
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
... 1
... 1
... 1
... 29
... 2
... 1
...
8
.
.
...
...
3
8
1
5
5
.
.
.
...
...
...
1
1
7
2
76
3
1
1
7
4
12
1
1
9
4
27
184
2
2
1
1
11
2
(
52
)
IN-PATIENTS OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary
Tuberculosis of larynx
Tuberculosis of lungs............
Tuberculosis of lymph nodes
Tuberculosis m ilia r y ............
Tuberculous meningitis
Tuberculosis of peritoneum
Tuberculosis of sp in e............
Tuberculosis of throat
Tuberculosis of tongue
....................
Typhoid fever
Ulcer .....................................
Ulcer of arm
....................
Ulcer of bu ttock ....................
Ulcer of chest
....................
Ulcer of elbow ....................
Ulcer of extremity
...........
Ulcer of foot
....................
Ulcer of forearm....................
Ulcer of gum
•••
...150
... 7
... 2
... 13
... 3
Secondary
1
11
20
1
...105
...
...
3
1
1
...
1
... 32
1
1
... 11
...
Ulcer of hand
....................
Ulcer of le g ............................
1
1
1
Wounds
........................................
W ound of abdomen ............
W ound of buttock
W ound of head ...
...
...
1
1
142
... 11
...
50
1
1
1
...
Wounds infected....................
2
4
................
...
3
81
1
1
1
Ulcer of l i p .............................
....................
Ulcer of nose
Vaccination............................
W hooping cough....................
74
20
1
1
3
...
....................
....................
3
3
7
11
1
....................
Ulcer of scalp
Ulcer of thigh
413
...
5
62
(
53
)
Section II.
IN-PATIENTS OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary
Secondary
DISEASES DUE TO ANIMAL PARASITES.
Ankylostomiasis............................
Ascariasis .....................................
Clonorchiasis
............................
Fasciolopsiasis ............................
Filariasis
.....................................
Malaria, benign tertian
...........
Malaria, ch r o n ic............................
Malaria, c lin ic a l............................
Malaria, malignant tertian...........
P edicu losis.....................................
Scabies.............................................
Taenia solium
............................
Trichuriasis.....................................
. 3
. 35
28
491
31
122
•26
. 2
. 9
. 1
.123
. 26
. 1
. 12
1
10
456
3
283
1
65
Section III.
DISEASES O F METABOLISM AND DEFICIENCY.
Beriberi
............................................
Diabetes insipidus
...........................
Diabetes mellitus
...........................
Pellagra
............................................
Rickets
............................................
Scurvy....................................................
Xerophthalmia ...................................
. 62
. J
. 3
. 1
.
3
3
32
209
7
1
1
1
3
3
Section IV.
DISEASES PECULIAR TO INFANCY.
Colic intestinal
............................
Convulsions (cause unknown) .......... . 2
Diarrhea infants................................... 17
9
..................
Feeding, regulation of
In digestion............................................ 15
9
Malnutrition
...................................
10
1
2
2
1
203
9
Section V .
DISEASES DUE TO PHYSICAL AGENTS.
B u m s ....................................................
6
18
(
54
)
IN-PATIENTS OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary
Secondary
Burns, electrical..........................
Insolation ..................................
S c a ld s ...........................................
1
...
1
...
3
7
Section VI.
POISONINGS AND INTOXICATIONS.
Adalin poisoning............
Alkali poison in g............
Arsenic poisoning
Carbolic acid poisoning
Caustic soda poisoning
Drug p o is o n in g ...........
Food poisoning ...........
Gas poisoning
............
Herb medicine poisoning
Lysol poison in g ...........
Opium poisoning
Phosphorus....................
Section VII.
TUMORS, BENIGN AND MALIGNANT.
A.
BENIGN TUMORS
Adenofibroma
Adenoma
...........
Chalazion ............
Cyst
....................
Cyst-adenoma of breast
Cyst of e a r ............
Cyst of e y e ............
Cyst of ovary
Cyst of par-ovarium
Cyst sebaceous ...
Cyst of thyroid ...
Cyst vaginal
............
Fibroma
3
2
12
11
1
(
55
)
IN-PATIENTS OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary
Secondary
Fibromyoma
.....................................
Hemangioma
.....................................
Hemangioma cavernosum....................
H em a tom a.............................................
K e lo id ......................................................
Lipoma
.............................................
Neuroma
.............................................
N e v u s ................................................
Papilloma ....................
Polypus
.............................................
Tumor of abdomen ............................
Tumor of back .....................................
Tumor of b r a i n .....................................
Tumor of breast.....................................
Tumor of buttock
............................
Tumor of kidney
.............................
Tumor of liver .....................................
Tumor of neck .....................................
Tumor of nose .....................................
Tumor of parotid gland
....................
Tumor of t h ig h .....................................
Warb ......................................................
W en ......................................................
B.
3
10
5
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
17
2
1
2
2
3
6
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
2
MALIGNANT TUMORS.
Carcinoma of axilla .............................
Carcinoma of b r e a s t .............................
Carcinoma of buttock............................
Carcinoma of c e r v i x ............................
Carcinoma of face
.............................
Carcinoma of gum
............................
Carcinoma of intestiDes
....................
Carcinoma of k id n e y .............................
Carcinoma of leg
.............................
6
6
7
1
4
1
1
1
1
2
(
56
)
IN-PATIENTS OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary
Secondary
.............................
Carcinoma of liver
Carcinoma of neck
.............................
Carcinoma of penis .............................
Carcinoma of re ctu m .............................
....................
Carcinoma of stomach
Carcinoma of t h r o a t .............................
Carcinoma of u t e r u s .............................
Glioma.......................................................
Lymphoma malignant
....................
....................
Malignant tumor neck
Sarcoma of neck.....................................
4
4
1
1
3
2
1
1
6
2
3
1
8
8
Section VIII.
CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS.
1
1
1
Claw h a n d ..............................................
Harelip
..............................................
Hydrocephalus .....................................
Hypospadias
.................................................
Supernumerary fingers
....................
T o n g u e -tie ..............................................
Undescended te stic le .........................................
1
1
10
]
Section IX.
INJURIES.
Bites (animals) .....................................
Bites (insect)
.....................................
Concussion of brain .............................
Contusion ..............................................
D islocation ..............................................
Foreign body in hand
....................
Foreign body in h e e l .............................
Foreign body in leg .............................
Foreign body in n ose.............................
Foreign body in throat
....................
Fracture of clavicle ...........
9
3
1
5
1
1
6
8
6
1
3
1
2
1
(
57
)
IN-PATIENTS OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary
Secondary
Fracture of forearm
Fracture of skull...
Injuries
...........
Injury of urethra
S p rain ....................
Traumatic spine ...
Wound, gun shot
W ound, incised ...
Wound, lacerated
W ound, punctured
14
6
2
7
1
11
5
4
26
4
3
18
4
Section X .
DISEASES OF THE SKIN.
Acne vulgaris
Clavus....................
Dermatitis ...........
Eczema
...........
Impetigo
...........
Leukoderma
P em ph igu s...........
Psoriasis
...........
Urticaria
...........
Vitiligo chest
2
4
23
23
370
83
2
1
8
1
Section XI.
DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM.
ARTERIES
Aneurism of artery ............................
Arteriosclerosis .....................................
Hypertension
.....................................
1
1
1
1
2
11
HEART
Auricular fibrillation............................
Cardiac failure .....................................
Ectopic beats heart ............................
Endocarditis
.....................................
9
5
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
< 58
)
IN-PATIENTS OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary
Secondary
Heart disease, rheumatic
Heart failure, acute ...
Hypertrophy of heart...
Myocardial insufficiency
P alpitation ....................
Pericarditis....................
Sinus arhythmia...........
1
2
1
4
3
1
1
VALVULAR DISEASE, CHRONIC CARDIAC
Aortic insufficiency ...........................
Mitral stenosis ..................................
3
11
Section XII.
DISEASES OF TH E LYMPHATIC SYSTEM,
Elephantiasis
.....................................
Hypertrophy of lymph nodes ...........
Lymphadenitis .....................................
3
1
4
38
Section XIII.
DISEASES OP TH E BLOOD & BLOOD-FORMING ORGANS.
....................
Anemia
Anemia, pernicious ...
Anemia, secondary
Anemia, s p le n ic ...........
Leukemia ....................
Lymphoblastoma
Purpura hemorrhagica
....................
Splenomegaly
.....................................
28
1
1
1
6
Section X IV .
DISEASES OF TH E ENDOCRINE GLANDS.
Cretinism ... .....................................
G o it r e
....................
............
Goitre, exophthalmic............................
Hyperthyroidism
.............................
1
1
4
(
59
Section X V .
DISEASES OP THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
BRAIN
)
IN-PATIENTS OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary
Secondary
6
1
2
Apoplexy
Embolism ...
Encephalitis
Epilepsy
Hemiplegia ...
Hydrocephalus
Paralysis agitans
4
6
1
1
1
1
Q
MENINGES
M e n in g itis....................
M ENTAL AFFECTIONS
Hysteria
....................
Psychoneurosis ...........
Psychosis ....................
Psychosis, hysteria
10
1
12
1
MISCELLANEOUS
Aphasia
....................
Cephalalgia....................
Insomnia ....................
Migraine
....................
Vertigo
....................
1
10
10
4
18
PERIPHERAL NERVES
Hiccough ....................
Neuralgia ....................
Neuralgia, trigeminal...
Paralysis, cranial nerves
Sciatica
....................
Spasm of esophagus ...
Spasm of leg
...........
1
6
8
1
6
SPINAL CORD
Herpes zoster
...........
MYOPATHIES
Lumbago
....................
12
(
60
)
IN-PATIENTS OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary
Secondary
Myalgia
Myositis
..............................................
.............................................
2
2
1
Section X V I.
DISEASES OF BONES, JOINTS, MUSCLES, TENDONS & FASCIA.
DISEASES OF BONES, AND CARTILAGES
Osteomyelitis
.....................................
3
13
DISEASES OF TH E JOINTS
Ankylosis
Arthritis
.............................................. 2
................................................ 11
2
3
87
Section XVII.
DISEASES & INJURIES OF TH E E Y E & EAR.
DISEASES OF TH E E Y E .
A. GENERAL
Glaucoma ..........................................................
Hypermetropia .....................................
Myopia
..............................................
P resby op ia..............................................
5
1
8
2
B. LID .
Abscess of eyelid...
B leph aritis...........
Edema eyelid
Fistula of eyelid ...
Foreign body in eye
H ordeolu m ...........
Infection eyelid ...
Injury eye ...........
Trichiasis ...........
C.
2
3
1
1
2
6
1
3
1
CONJUNCTIVA
Conjunctivitis ....................
Hemorrhage, subconjunctival
P te r y g iu m .............................
96
1
4
(
D.
61
)
IN-PATIENTS OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary
Secondary
CORNEA
Keratitis
...........
Keratomalacia
...........
Leucoma
Macula....................
Staphyloma of cornea.
F . ANTERIOR CHAMBER
Hypopyon ............................
G. LENS
Cataract
............................
15
H . UVEAL TRACT
Chorioretinitis ....................
Dilatation of pupils ...........
I. OPTIC NERVE
Papillitis
............................
DISEASES OF THE EAR.
J. GENERAL
Deafness
............................
Injury ear ............................
13
1
K. AURICLE
Abscess of ear ....................
Deformity of ear
...........
3
1
L . EXTERN AL AUDITORY CANAL
Cerumen
...........
Foreign body in ear
Infection external ear
Otitis external
Ulcer external ear
1
■2
1
5
1
M. MIDDLE EAR AND MASTOID
Injury to membrana tympani
M astoiditis............................
1
2
(
62
)
IN-PATIENTS OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary
Secondary
Otitis media....................
3
2
127
N. INTERN AL EAR
1
Hemorrhage of la b y rin th .........................................
Otitis internal
..........................................................
]
Section XV III.
DISEASES OF TH E NOSE & ACCESSORY SINUSES.
1
Epistaxis
.............................................. 1
Foreign body in n o s e .................................................
Hypertrophy of turbinate.........................................
Rhinitis
.................................................................
Sinusitis
...................................................................
1
1
36
1
Section X IX .
DISEASES OF TH E MOUTH, LIPS, CHEEKS, PH ARYNX,
TONSILS AND PALATE.
Abscess of mouth
............................. 1
Abscess periton silla r............................. 3
Abscess of ton sil.....................................
5
.........................................
Foreign body in throat
Herpes l i p ..................................................................
.........................................
Hypertrophy of tonsil
Inflammation of salivary gland............ 1
Inflammation of submaxilla gland ...
N o m a ......................................................
1
5
Pharyngitis...................................................................
Salivary cyst
.............................................
Stomatitis .............................................. 1
Stomatitis, ulcerative.................................................
Tonsillitis, fo llic u la r............................... 13
1
Ulceration of tonsil .................................................
Vincent’s angina.....................................
5
4
1
3
2
6
1
I
2
10
2
10
1
Section X X .
DISEASES OF TH E JAW, TEETH & GUMS.
Abscess alveola r..........................................................
4
(
63
)
IN-PATIENTS OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary
Secondary
Caries of teeth ..................................... 2
.............................
Dentition, delayed
Gingivitis .............................................
1
Hemorrhage of g u m .............................
Inflammation gum chronic
...........
1
Pericementitis ........................................................
Pulpitis
.................................................................
Pyorrhea alveolaris ............................
Refilling teeth ...........
Septic r o o t ..................................................................
Unerupted teeth .........................................................
10
8
8
1
26
84
8
1
2
3
Section X X L
DISEASES OP THE TONGUE.
Abscess tongue ..................................... 1
.................................................
Granuloma tongue
Infected to n g u e .........................................................
1
1
1
Section X XII.
DISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS.
Foreign body in esophagus
...........
1
3
Section XXIII.
DISEASES OF THE STOMACH.
Gastritis
............................................. 30
Gastritis acute ..................................... 8
Gastritis chronic..................................... 5
Gastroptosis
..................................... 1
Hematemesis
..................................... 2
Hyperchlorhydria
............................
3
Peptic ulcer................................................ 43
Pyloric sten osis..................................... 1
Stomach ulcer perforation.................... 1
Traumatism of stomach ........................................
r \
7
1
76
32
41
3
5
101
1
(
64
)
Section X X IV .
IN-PATIENTS OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
DTAQNOSTS
Primary
Secondary
DISEASES OP TH E INTESTINES.
Appendicitis, acute ....................
Appendicitis, chronic.....................
Colitis, chronic .............................
Constipation
.............................
Diarrhea
.....................................
Diarrhea chronic............................
.....................................
Enteritis
Enteritis, a c u t e .............................
Enteritis, chronic
....................
G astro-enteritis.............................
Obstruction, intestinal
...........
Paralytic ileus of intestines
Perforation intestine....................
Ulcer, d u o d e n a l.............................
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
14
4
4
4
2
8
14
4
30
23
2
6
12
...
1
1
3
11
38
32
13
42
24
2
0
3
1
1
1
1
1
Section X X V .
& BILIARY
Atrophy, acute yellow, of liver ...
Cholecystitis
.............................
Cholecystitis, ch ron ic....................
Cholelithiasis
.............................
Cirrhosis of liver.............................
Hepatitis
................. : ..................
Jaundice catarrhal
....................
Jaundice o b stru ctiv e....................
DISEASES OF TH E L IV E R
TRACT.
...
1
... 11
...
1
...
...
1
1
3
... 16
...
1
1
2
4
1
Section X X V II.
DISEASES OP THE ABDOMEN & PERITONEUM IN GENERAL.
A scites..............................................
Ascites, sp lenom agly ..................
H ernia .........................................
Hernia, inguinal ..........................
Hernia, ruptured
..................
Hernia, strangulated ..................
....................
Hernia, umbilical
... 23
...
...
...
...
...
...
4
21
1
1
1
8
Ü
1
1
1
1
(
65
)
IN-PATIENTS OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary Secondary
P e r ito n itis ....................
Eelaxed abdomen wall
Torsion of omentum ...
....................
5
....................
1
o
1
Section XXVIII.
DISEASES OF TH E RECTUM AND ANUS.
Abscess, ischio-rectal ...
Fistula in aDO ...........
Hemorrhoids
...........
Hemorrhoids, external
Hemorrhoids, internal
Proctitis
....................
Prolapse of rectum
Stricture anus ...........
Stricture of rectum ...
....................
....................
....................
....................
G
5
4
4
3
1
18
4
17
.................... 14
.................... 1
....................
2
....................
1
10
12
1
1
Section X X IX .
DISEASES OF THE LARYNX.
Dysphonia,
Laryngitis
Laryngitis,
Laryngitis,
chronic
....................
acute...........
chronic
1
1
1
....................
3
Section X X X .
DISEASES OF THE TRACHEA AND BRONCHI.
Bronchitis ....................
Bronchitis, acute
Bronchitis, chronic ...
....................42
................... 4
10
246
53
36
Section X X X I.
DISEASES OF TH E LUNGS.
...................
Abscess of l u n g ...........
Edema of l u n g ................. ...................
Emphysema of lungs ...
Fistula of c h e s t ...........
Hemoptysis....................
..................
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
2
Section XX X II.
DISEASES OP TH E PLEURA AND
MEDIASTINUM:
IN-PATIENTS OUT-PATTÍ
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOÜ
Primary
Secondary
Empyema .....................................
.............................
Hydrothorax
Pleurisy
.....................................
Pleurisy, acute fibrinous ...........
Pleurisy effusion.............................
4
2
1
7
1
1
Section XXXIII.
DISEASES OF TH E KIDNEY AND URETER.
Colic, re n a l........................................... ..
........................................... ..
Nephritis
Nephritis, a c u t e .................................. ..
.......................... ..
Nephritis, chronic
Nephrolithiasis .................................. ..
Pyelitis
........................................... ..
Uremia
........................................... ..
■
2
17
1
3
•2
34
2
7
28
2
3
1
1
30
1
Section X X X IV .
DISEASES OF THE BLADDER.
Atony of bladder.............................
Calculus, vesica l............................
Cystitis
.....................................
Cystitis, acute
............................
Fistula, recto-vesical....................
Fistula, vesical ..................
Retention of urine
....................
1
12
16
5
19
2
1
1
1
3
6
Section X X X V .
DISEASES OF TH E URETHRA, SIALE AND FEM ALE.
Abscess, periurethral....................
Calculus, urethral
... ............
Caruncle of urethra ....................
Fistula, urethral.............................
Ruptured urethra
....................
Stricture of urethra ....................
Traumatic Ruptured urethra ...
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
2
1
6
3
1
(
G7
)
IN-PATIENTS OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary
Secondary
Urethritis
.............................................
1
12
Section X X X V I.
DISEASES OP THE MALE GENERATIVE ORGANS.
A. GENERAL
Im p o t e n c e .............................................
B. PENIS
Condyloma penis.....................................
Phimosis
..............................................
4
C. PROSTATE
Enlarged prostate
............................
Prostatitis .............................................
D . SCROTUM
Abscess of scrotum
............................
Hydrocele .............................................
Ulcerated scrotum
............................
2
1
1
E. TESTICLE
Epididymitis
.....................................
Orchitis
.............................................
7
Section X X X V II.
DISEASES OP THE FEM ALE GENERATIVE ORGANS.
A. GENERAL AND FUNCTIONAL
Amenorrhea
..................................... 1
Cellulitis, p e lv ic ....................................... 21
Cellulitis, pelvic, chronic .................... 1
Dysmenorrhea ...........
Menorrhagia
...........
Pelvic inflammation ...
B. FALLOPIAN TUBES
S alp in g itis...................................
25
60
(
68
)
IN-PATIENTS
C. OVARY
Ovaritis
OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary
Secondary
3
..............................................
D. UTERUS
Anteflexion of cervex uteri
...........
2
Cervicitis .............................................. 1
Endometritis
..................................... 4
Endometritis ch ron ic............................. 2
................................
Erosion of cervix uteri
Fibrosis of uterus
.............................
Hydatid mole
.....................................
1
Hypertrophy of cervix uteri
...........
Infantile u te ru s.....................................
Laceration of c e r v i x ............................
Metritis
....
1
Metrorrhagia
.....................................
Polypus of cervix uterus ....................
.............................
Prolapse of uterus
Retroversion of uterus
.................... 8
Rupture of uterus
............................. 3
1
35
5
60
9
3110
1
4
78
5
1
3
7
2
276
E . VAGINA
Adhesion of cervix to vaginal wall ...
Cystocele
............................................
Fistula, vesico-vaginal
....................
Vaginitis
..............................................
1
1
2
4
F . VULVA
...........
1
Abscess of Bartholin’s gland
Condyloma of v u l v a ............................. 1
Furunculosis of vulva
.................... 1
Laceration of pelvic f l o o r ....................
L eucorrhea.............................................
M enopause..............................................
Menstruation
.....................................
Pruritus v u lv a e .....................................
Sterility
................................................ 10
9
1
1
H
1
13
1
68
(
69
)
IN-PATIENTS OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary
Secondary
Ulceration of vulva ...
Vulvitis
....................
8
..
1
1
Section X X X V ill.
DISEASES AND CONDITIONS PECULIAR TO
PREGNANCY AND THE PUERPERAL STATE.
Abortion
...........
Abortion criminal
Abortion incomplete
Abortion threatened
Adherent placenta
Miscarriage...........
New born infant female
New born infant male
Parturition, position unknown
Parturition (L.O.A.)
Parturition (L.O.P.)
Parturition (L.M.P.)
Parturition (L.S.A.)
Parturition (R.O.A.)
Parturition (L.Sc.P.)
Parturition (R.Sc.A.)
Parturition (twins)
Placenta-praevia...
Placenta retained
Pre-natal care ...
Pregnancy ...........
Pregnancy abdominal
Pregnancy ectopic
Puerperal sepsis ...
S epticem ia...........
Subinvolution of uterus
Toxemia of pregnancy with convulsions
7
5
16
8
1
1
22
67
15
24
68
1
81
1
2
5
43
1
1
2
7
1
27
1
1
39
245
(
70
)
IN-PATIENTS OUT-PATIENTS
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Primary Secondary
Section X X X IX .
DISEASES OF TH E BREAST, MALE
AND FEM ALE.
Abscess of breast....................
6
...
2
..............................................
Mastitis, acute
15
1
....................
Fissure of nipple
Mastitis
...
5
.....................................
Section XL.
ALLERGY.
Allergy......................................................
Allergy food
.....................................
Asthma bronchial
1
............................... 17
Section XLI.
ABNORMALITIES OF URINE.
Anuria......................................................
Chyluria
1
..............................................
H em a tu ria ..............................................
Section XLII.
ILL -D E F IN E D OR UNCLASSIFIED DISEASES.
Coma ....................
1
............
5
9
Edema, general ...
1
2
F e v e r ..................... '
9
45
Ingrowing toenail
1
1
Malnutrition
1
16
No diagnosis
22
448
Opium habit
8
1
[ Debility
Phantom tumor ...
Physical examination
W ound of operation
•1
224
1
2
(
71
)
Table No. X X II
D E A T H S.
There were 303 deaths, out of a total of 2448 discharged patients.
This makes a mortality rate of 12.37%
Death was assigned to the following causes:1
Abdominal pregnancy
1
Abortion, cr im in a l...........
1
Abortion, incomplete
1
Abscess of fo o t....................
1
Abscess of ja w ...........
1
Abscess of knee joint
Antepartum eclampsia ... 1
Anuria
............................. 1
A p o p le x y ............................. 3
4
Appendicitis, a c u t e ...........
7
Beriberi ............................
55
Broncho-pneumonia
B u rn.....................................
Carcinoma of breast...........
Cardiac failure....................
C e llu litis............................
Cerebral e m b o lism ...........
Concussion of brain...........
Contusion of c h e s t ...........
Convulsions infantile
Diabetes mellitus ...........
Diphtheria
....................
Dysentery............................
Dysentery, acute
...........
Dysentery, a m e b ic ............
Dysentery, bacillary
Dysentery,bacillary, chronic
Eclampsia............................
Edema of lung....................
Encephalitis ....................
1
2
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
6
3
5
5
8
3
2
2
1
E n te ritis ............................
Erysipelas............................
Hearb failure, acute...........
Heart failure, congestive...
Hematemesis ....................
Hernia, inguinal
strangulated....................
Hernia, ruptured
...........
Hvdrothorax ....................
Hypertrophy of heart
Intestinal obstruction
Jaundice, catarrhal...........
Jaundice, toxic....................
Landry’s paralysis ...........
Malaria malignant ...........
Malnutrition, infantile ...
....................
Meningitis
Meningitis, epidemic
Meningitis, pneumococcic..
Nephritis, acute
...........
Nephritis, chronic ............
Noma
............................
Ovarian cyst ....................
Parturition with dystocia...
Perforation intestine
Pericarditis
....................
Peritonitis
....................
Pneumonia, lobar ...........
Poisoning from herb
medicine
.................... .
5
2
4
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
6
6
4
2
4
1
5
1
2
1
1
1
3
3
1
(
Poliomyelitis ....................
1
Premature infant ............ 8
Sarcoma of spleen ............ 1
Scald..................
1
.................... 4
Septicemia
Summer diarrhoea (infants) 12
Syphilis ............................. 2
Syphilis con g en ital
1
Tabes dorsalis....................
1
Tetanus ............................. 5
Total
72
)
Torsion of mesentery of
intestine
....................
1
Tuberculosis, meningitis ... 9
Tuberculosis, miliary, acute 1
Tuberculosis, pulmonary... 24
Typhoid f e v e r .......................36
Ulcer stom ach
1
Whooping cough
...........
3
Wound, gun shot, leg
... 1
303
(
73
)
THE CANTON MEDICAL MISSIONARY SOCIETY.
A meeting of the Canton Medical Missionary Society was
held in the large Hospital auditorum Dec. 14. 1940. This is the
102nd year since the founding of the Society.
In the absence of the president Dr. C.W. Shoop, Bev. H .F.
Thomson, vice-president, presided and opened the meeting with
prayer.
There was a large and representative gathering of the for­
eign community of Canton. The following message from Dr.
Shoop, the president, was read: “ Pausing on the threshold of the
new year, marking the 105th anniversary of the Canton Hospital’s
foundation, one finds cause for gratitude looking backwards, cause
for optimism and hopefulness looking forwards. The fact that
this historic institution has been able to function throughout the
recent and continuing crisis speaks eloquently of the sound foun­
dation which the original founders laid and which over a century
of service has tested and found adequate
Dr. J.O. Thomson superintendent of the Canton Hospital,
then read a summary of the report for the 105th year, July 1st.
1939 to June 30th. 1940. This report was accepted and has been
published as a separate bulletin.
The election of officers for the Canton Medical Missionary
Society for the ensuing year resulted as follows :President, Rev. C. W . Shoop. Vice-presidents Rev. H .F.
Thomson and Mr. L.K . Little. Secretary & Treasurer, Rev. H.
Davies. Board of Trustees, Dr. C.W. Shoop, Mr. L .K . Little, Mr.
L .B . W ood, Prof. W .E . MacDonald, Rev. Dr. T.A. Broadfoot,
Rev. Donald Childe, Rev. H .F. Thomson. Thanks were extended
to the United Brethren in Christ, the United Church of Canada
and to the American Foundation of Lingnan University for staff
members. The gratitude of the Hospital was also expressed to
many individuals and organizations who have contributed or helped.
The next event was the celebration of thirty years of
service at the Canton Hospital of Dr. J.O. Thomson, Surgeon and
(
74
)
Superintendent. Dr. S.K. Leung, for twelve years a member of
the staff, as was his father before him, and now asst, superintendent
and asst, surgeon, presided. The main features of this gathering
were the presentation of gifts from the staff of the hospital and a
short sketch* of his work during the past thirty years given by Dr.
Thomson. In thirty minutes, one year to a minute, Dr. Thomson
drew a vivid picture of the variety and interest which a doctor in
a large Chinese city such as Canton finds in his daily work. Stories
of various cases served to illustrate both the amusing and tragic
sides of the lives of thousands of patients passing through the
Canton Hospital during the past thirty years. Radical changes in
political conditions also contributed their share to variety, both
by affecting the fortunes of the patients themselves and by impos­
ing restrictions under which the Hospital had to continue its work.
Summarizing, Dr. Thomson said: “ Twelve things have
impressed me most as I glance back at the work of this institution
during the past 30 years: the great influence for good that it has
exerted in the city of Canton and throughout south China, in me­
dicine, education, religion and philanthropy; 'the large number
of persons, of all classes of Society, but particularly the poor who
have been efficiently cared for; during the past thirty years more
than thirty thousand people have been operated upon; more
than two-thirds of these were poor people; many physicians have
been ducated in the medical schools with which we were directly
and indirectly connected; most of them are efficient physicians
and Christian gentlemen and ladies. This institution has always
been the centre of united efforts. Many efficient nurses have been
trained in our school of nursing. The institution has survived
through many difficult political and financial crises. The Hospital
has always had an intelligent, loyal, courageous, industrious staff,
Chinese and foreign; tha latter provided by American and British
Mission Boards. W e have been able to replace most of the old
buildings with a suitable modern plant adapted to all sorts of con­
ditions, even aerial bombing. W e physicians have been able to have
most of our ideas adopted by the architect. W e have received
considerable financial help from various sources. The Health
(
75
)
Service of the Hospital and Medical School which Dr Oldt in­
itiated and has directed for twenty years has besn of great service
to the community. “ W e feel that the institu ions on the Canton
Hospital compound have received divine blessing; that they have
proved their essential nature; and we face the future with con­
fidence.” The meeting was closed by a mus cal number by the
pupil nurses under the direction of Miss Irene Moore, resident
foreign nurse and director of music. The audience constituted a
fair representation of the foreign community of Canton and their
Chinese friends. Present were teachers and preachers from various
mission schools and churches, a number of American and British
businessmen, the British and American Consuls General, the
Commissioner of Customs who is a trustee of the Hospital and the
Postal Commissioner. Approximately two hundred guests attended,
beside the Hospital staff. Some of the guests were late and others
were unable to be present due to martial law that afternoon.
After prayer by the Hospital chaplain and by Rev. Herbert
Davies and the taking of a photograph refreshments were served
by the ladies of the staff.
The evening’s entertainment which was chiefly for those
connected with the Hospital, followed a tasty dinner in Chinese
style for the staff. After the opening hymn and prayer a skit was
given in which Dr. J.O. Thomson was visited by the ‘Eight Fairies’,
Chinese mythical characters, who congratulated him on his many
years of service and presented him with Chinese cake signifying
‘long life’. Tw o plays then followed presented beautifully by the
pupil nurses. The first was based on a story from the Arabian
Nights; the second was a modern Chinese play. Between the acts
the nurses and also Miss Moore sang. Miss Moore was at the piano.
Elaborate Chinese costumes added color to the program. The
scenery was painted by the nurses themselves.
A presentation of gifts was made by the Hospital staff to
Dr. J.O. Thomson, and the by Nursing staff to Mrs. C.N. Laird.
J. 0 . Thomson,
Secretary.
(
76
)
♦
Meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Canton Hospital.
A meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Canton Hospital
was held at the Hospital on the afternoon March 20th 1941. There
were present the following Board members: Dr. C.W- Shoop in the
chair, Bev. Dr. T.A. Broadfoot of the United Church of Canada,
Prof. W . E. MacDonald of Lingnan University and Bev. H. F.
Thomson of the American Presbyterian Mission. Bev. Dr. Shoop
the president, represented the United Brethren in Christ. (Rev.
Donald Childe of the English Methodist Mission, Mr. L .K . Little
and Mr. L .B . W ood were unable to be present).
Others present at the meeting included Dr. W .W . Cadbury,
superintendent of the Hospital, Drs. Frank Oldt and J.O. Thomson
and Misses Irene Moore and Jean MacDonald, heads of the Depart­
ments of Nursing and of Social Service, respectively.
The following three resolutions were offered and unani­
mously adopted;( 1) In view of the proposed departure of Dr. F. Oldt on
furlough in the next few months, be it resolved that we extend
to the Mission Board of the United Brethren in Christ our sincere
gratitude for his valuable services to the Canton Hospital during
the past six years.
Also be it resolved that we urgently request that he be
returned to the Hospital for another term of service after the
completion of his furlough.
(2) In view of the departure of Dr. J.O. Thomson in the
near future for a well desarved furlough, be it resolved that we
extend to the Mission Board of the United Church of Canada our
sincere gratitude for his able services during the past six years, and
urgently request that he be returned to Canton Hospital for
another term of service at the completion of his furlough.
(3) W e have learned with regret that Miss Edith Anstey
is to be transferred in the near future to Fatshan.
(
77
)
Be it resolved therefore that we extend to the English
Methodist Mission of South China, our sincere gratitude for Miss
Anstey’s help to our pupil nurses at the Hospital. For about two
years she has been training them in setting-up exercises, which
has been a real asset and enjoyment to them and to the Hospital
administration.
J. 0 . Thomson
Acting Secretary.
(
78
)
June 30th, 1941.
Subscriptions to the C. M. M. S. for years
1939-1940 and 1940-1941.
The American Consul
....................
... H K$ 10.00
............
40.00
Mr. & Mrs. W - R. Augur
Bishop A. Fourquet.............................
10.00
Rev. & Mrs. T. A. B roadfoot............
•
20.00
The British, American Tobacco Co.,
5.00
.............................
Rev. H. Bunton
5.00
Dr. & Mrs. W . W . Cadbury ...........
20.00
5.00
The Dairy Farm Co............................
Deacon & Co. (Mr L. B. W ood) ...
50.00
15.00
Rev. & Mrs. H. Davies ....................
Mr. & Mrs. L. Gressitt ....................
10.00
Dr. Herbert M. Hodgkin
...........
5.00
5.00
....................
Mr. W . E. Hoffmann
Dr. & Mrs. A. R. Knipp ... ;..........
25.00
10.00
Prof. & Mrs. C. N. Laird
...........
Dr. R. L. Lancaster
....................
5.00
Mr. L. K. Little
.............................
15.00
10.00
Mr. & Mrs. E. H. L o ck w o o d ...........
GO.00
Prof. & Mrs. W . E. MacDonald ...
5.00
Mr. J. Maiskie.....................................
•25.00
Mr. C. E. M o lla n d .............................
5.00
Miss. I. M oore.....................................
10.00
.....................................
Dr. F. Oldt
5.00
Dr. J. H. F. Otto .............................
5.00
Mr. J. N. Patel
.............................
•
20.00
Dr. C. W . Shoop
.............................
5.00
Mr. P. S im o n .....................................
5.00
Dr. T. Stevenson .............................
5.00
The Texas Co.,.....................................
50.00
Rev. & Mrs. Herbert F. Thom son...
5.00
Mrs. Walden .....................................
5.00
Miss. W estern .....................................
30.00
Mr. & Mrs. J. J. Wierink
............
NCS 50.00
Mr. & Mrs. E. T. Williams ...........
25.00
Rev. & Mrs. A. Gorden Wilson
Total .
This report was prepared
by W m . W . Cadbury.
H K § 530.00 NCS 50.00
A letter written in 1918 by Dr. So-To Meng,
a
pupil and later a doctor on the staff of the Hospital for 30 years,
shows that the hospital was the pioneer in work for the poor and
needy, as it still continues this work of charity to-day.
“ To W hom It May Concern:
“ Relative to the Canton Hospital of the Canton Medical
Missionary Society, I have the privilege to state that as late as
1867, there was no charitable institution to provide for the relief
of the sick and suffering in Canton, except the Canton Hospital,
founded some ten years before my returning from America fortynine years ago. The Hospital is now more than eighty years old
and can be called the first institution to provide for modern medical
aids and dispensary in the province of Kwangtung.
“ Since then, Oi Yuk and other Chinese charitable organiza­
tions have been established, all imitating the purposes and methods
of the Canton Hospital to remove pain and distress from the poor
especially.
“ I began to be associated with the Hospital as early as 1867,
being successively an assistant to Doctors Kerr, Carrow, Thomson,
and Swan. During the thirty-three years I was connected with
it, several thousand cases came to our attention yearly and I can
safely estimate that hundreds of patients have been attended every
year since then, making this Hospital the only one having served
hundreds of thousands of persons in its eighty and more years of
existence.
“ Therefore, I respectfully join in soliciting for whatever funds
available from all loving persons to enable the Canton Hospital to
continue to relieve the needy suffering of pain aDd misery through
its modern medical and surgical services.
Yours respectfully,
So-To Meng, M .D .”
W ill you respond to this moving appeal from the past by
contributing to the work of the hospital for the poor and destitute
of Canton? Checks may be sent direct to Canton Hospital, Canton,
China.