ZYMAX NEW FORENSICS ISOTOPE ANALYSIS FOR EFFECTIVE SITE CLEANUP ANSWERS Statement of Qualifications 2 Prepared March 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 2: ZymaX New Isotope Analysis, a Powerful Tool for Site Cleanup Decisions Page 3: Isotopic Analysis Page 4: Environmental Forensics Page 5: Web Based Environmental Data Management Page 7: ZymaX Consulting to Assist with Interpretation of Data Page 8: ZymaX Forensics Leaders Statement of Qualifications 2010 2 ZymaX New Isotope Analysis, a Powerful Tool for Site Cleanup Decisions ZymaX new Compound Specific Isotope Analysis is a reasonable low cost technique that supports critical time sensitive decisions for Green Sustainable groundwater assessment & Remediation Practice remediation of chlorinated solvents to U.S. EPA has developed a concept of determine: 1) Source Identification, 2) Co-mingled Plumes, 3) Treatment System Optimization. These unique ZymaX capabilities allow for quick study of alternative treatment remedies such: 1) Natural Attenuation, 2) Enhanced Attenuation, 3) Thermally Enhanced Extraction, and 4) Polishing Bioremediation. “Green Remediation”, being: The practice of considering all environmental effects of remedy implementation and incorporating options to minimize the environmental footprints of cleanup actions. Further, Executive Order 13514 reads: To establish an integrated strategy towards sustainability in the Federal Government; • Increase energy efficiency, • Reduce GHG emissions, • Conserve and protect water resources, ZymaX Lab is the only commercial • Eliminate waste, recycle, laboratory to perform these analyses • Strengthen vitality, livability of communities, with prompt timely turnaround to facilitate real time site characterization and remediation decisions. Statement of Qualifications 2010 • Planning, targeting, and reporting. 3 Isotopic Analysis DPRA is the only commercial laboratory with the capability to perform stable isotopic analysis for carbon, chlorine, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur. Stable isotopes are different types of atoms (nuclides) of the same chemical element, each having a different number of neutrons. Different isotopes of the same element (whether stable or unstable) have nearly the same chemical characteristics and therefore behave almost identically. The mass or scale differences resulting from a variance in the number of neutrons result in partial separation of the light isotopes from the heavy isotopes during physical, chemical and biological reactions. This process called isotope fractionation is used by ZymaX in its new analysis service. Statement of Qualifications 2010 Compound Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) data can be used to distinguish between same chlorinated solvents, such as PCE and TCE, from different sources. For example, CSIA can be used to determine: • If PCE or TCE in one plume is from one or more sources • If PCE or TCE in separate plumes is from the same source or different sources • If TCE in a PCE plume is from degradation of PCE, or from a separate TCE source 4 present in one or more potential sources, Onsite PCE-A Onsite TCE Onsite PCE-B and performing appropriate lab analysis for these compounds. Historical information, sophisticated laboratory techniques, and scientific principles of organic chemistry are combined to allow ZymaX present the results in a manner Environmental Forensics Property owners, attorneys, lenders, that is both scientifically defensible and clearly understood by technical and nontechnical audiences. regulatory agencies, and other stakeholders often disagree about the responsibility for cleaning up subsurface contamination. The primary goal of environmental forensics is to provide answers for several key contaminant-related questions commonly asked by these parties:  Because forensic testing may reveal that more testing is necessary to accomplish the primary goals, ZymaX uses a tiered approach to each environmental forensic investigation. The initial phase includes a preliminary evaluation to determine if the site and nature of the spill offer a reasonable opportunity for success by forensic analysis. Who is responsible for the release? To avoid unnecessary costs, ZymaX  What are the contaminants? conducts cursory testing that may indicate  What is the source? whether more sophisticated analysis is  When did the release occur?  What is a reasonable cost allocation for clean up? General forensic techniques performed by ZymaX re-constructing the history of a site, identifying specific compounds Statement of Qualifications 2010 needed. ZymaX provides environmental forensic services for common contaminants such as petroleum, solvents, nitrates, methane, and sulfate. 5 Web Based Environmental Data Management DPRA Inc. specializes in developing secure, integrated and powerful webbased applications that provide life-cycle management of chemical data including Data Tracking and Collaboration groundwater, surface water, ambient air, • Data is electronically tracked from animal and plant tissue, buildings and Chains of Custody (COC) and field infrastructure, and stack sampling, we sampling events through final database provide: archival, and all steps in between. • Map design and cartographic production; • Digital and hard copy vector and raster products. Automatic e-mail notifications are sent to appropriate individuals as data progresses from the field to the final database archive. Data Validation Data Up-loading via a centralized “portal” to a centralized database: • Analytical Data/Electronic Data • Hundreds of quality checks and validation algorithms automatically and instantaneously ensure data compliance Deliverables (EDD); with applicable Federal, State, and local • Various EDD Formats Supported; regulations. environmental data quality standards and o IRDIMS, ERPIMS, and SEDD • Modified easily and quickly to ensure o Modified quickly and easily to that your specific, and perhaps unique, accommodate any EDD format. quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) needs are met. Statement of Qualifications 2010 6 Intelligent Data Retrieval • Powerful web-based search functionality that incorporates advanced search capabilities which provide end users easy-to-use access to stored information. DPRA has nearly 20 years continuous • Retrieved results can be viewed on tables, graphs, charts, and interactive maps. Users can also generate any number of complex, formatted reports, as well as maps and output suitable for use in spreadsheets, documents, and other databases. • Data retrieval modules can be contract experience performing services for the Department of Army on-site at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA) in Commerce City, Colorado. We have been responsible for all records and information management and automation requirements at RMA modified easily and quickly to since 1991. During performance of accommodate any data query, successfully re-competed contracts, visualization, mapping, analyses or any DPRA has scanned nearly 30 million report generation – regardless of pages, including compiling RMA’s 1.2 complexity. million-page Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) administrative record. We manage associated records collections throughout their life-cycle, from creation to final disposition. Statement of Qualifications 2010 7 ZymaX Consulting to Assist with Interpretation of Data Combining these capabilities, ZymaX has the expertise to evaluate a complete portfolio of sites and to use our forensic and isotope capability to: • Establish databases for environmentally impacted sites to help you better manage your project’s environmental liabilities. • Use the databases to easily and better track data trends and costs, so as to better predict future costs. • Use of forensics and isotopic analysis to determine sources of contamination to ensure that your company is paying for its problems only. • Use of stable isotopes to better focus active remediation to minimize the carbon footprint consistent with Green Remediation concepts. Statement of Qualifications 2010 Depending on the scope of services that your project needs, ZymaX can tailor a program to input all or a portion of your sites into a database(s), evaluate the existing data to assist you in evaluating trends. 8 ZymaX Forensics Leaders Shan-Tan Lu, Ph.D. Yi Wang, Ph.D. Dr. Yi Wang is the Director Dr. Lu has a B.S., M.S. of ZymaX Forensics and Ph.D. in Isotopes. He has a B.S. in geochemistry and is Environmental Science, an Director of Petroleum M.S. in Environmental Forensics. He has Chemistry, and a Ph.D. in twenty-six years experience as a Environmental Geochemistry. He has petroleum geologist and geochemist been working for 20 years in the including extensive research and environmental field on issues related to development of analytical soil and water contamination. He methodologies for petroleum developed Compound Specific Isotope exploration and production; development of powerful environmental forensic analytical methods based on traditional methods from petroleum geochemistry; and interpretation of geochemical data and client consulting. Analysis techniques at Brown and Princeton University and applied isotope forensics in the environmental fields. Dr. Wang is a specialist in the analysis of isotope ratios for carbon, chlorine, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. He has published over 45 articles and books on soil and water contamination topics and has shared this information via lectures throughout the world. Dr. Wang has worked as an expert for the U.S. EPA and the State Coalition for Remediation of Drycleaners (SCRD) on chlorinated solvent cases where environmental forensics was used to allocate responsibility and optimize remediation strategy. Statement of Qualifications 2010 9 Alan Jeffrey, Ph.D. Dr. Jeffrey has a BS in over 100 proprietary reports for clients biochemistry, an MS in that interpret analytical data, place organic chemistry and a data in the context of other site PhD in oceanography. information, and answer questions Dr. Jeffrey has over 20 such as the identity of spilled years of US and international petroleum products, the similarity or experience in environmental science difference in the products in separate and geochemistry. His expertise plumes, and the time of release of the includes managing research projects, products. managing geochemical and environmental analytical laboratories; Dr. Jeffrey has served as an expert initiation and management of witness, has been deposed and countrywide water monitoring testified at trial in litigation cases program; QA/QC management of involving petroleum product spills, and analytical laboratories; and setting up is the author of fourteen publications and managing a small environmental on oceanography, petroleum consulting company. geochemistry and environmental monitoring. He has conducted At ZymaX, Dr. Jeffrey has focused on numerous workshops in environmental the use of geochemical techniques to forensics, and has given numerous solve environmental problems, presentations at scientific meetings in including sources of spilled USA, Europe and Asia. hydrocarbon fuels, nitrates, and fugitive methane seeps. Dr. Jeffrey interacts with clients to determine the particular forensic issues at a site and sets up forensic analytical schemes to clarify these issues. He has prepared Statement of Qualifications 2010 10 Gregory Smith, P.E., P.G. Mr. Smith brings over 28 Contamination Remediation Process U.S. years professional Patent No. 5,279,740 which is also experience in project, patented in Canada, Europe, Australia program and line and Taiwan. With this experience, Mr. management, Smith pioneered a program that was environmental forensics, demonstrated to be highly effective in re- and remediation of contingent engineering soil and groundwater environmental liabilities affecting industry. remediation systems that typically resulted At DPRA, he leads the practice in in a 50% reduction in client reserves for hydrogeology and site remediation as it contingent liability. Representative of his relates to work for attorneys and their work for attorneys, Mr. Smith has provided corporate clients. Mr. Smith is well known expert and factual witness testimony on for his pioneering breakthroughs in the fate and transport of environmental remediation of chlorinated solvents from contaminants in groundwater in trial soils and groundwater and is recognized (Federal Court) and deposition format, for having successfully completed and worked with the University of possibly the nation’s first dense non- Southern California at Los Angeles, aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) cleanup in University of Illinois at Chicago and groundwater to regulatory limits in 1999. Argonne National Laboratory performing He is well published and a recognized stable isotope surveys (87Sr/86Sr, 37Cl and lecturer at international technical forums. 14C) Most recently Mr. Smith has co-authored, contaminant plumes in groundwater in Encyclopedic Dictionary of Hydrogeology California, Missouri, Illinois and South by Academic Press (to be published in Carolina. March, 2009), a chapter on thermal effects in “Electrochemical Remediation Technologies for Polluted Soils, Sediments and Groundwater" to be published by John Wiley & Sons and is a Patent holder since 1994 for a Ground Statement of Qualifications 2010 to determine fate and transport of