1. No category

MEDICAL ACUPUNCTURE
FOR VETERINARIANS
Canine Point Mini-Manual
2013 Canine Mini Manual
Table of Contents
Lung (LU)
Large Intestine (LI)
Stomach (ST)
Spleen (SP)
Heart (HT)
Small Intestine (SI)
Bladder (BL)
Kidney (KI)
Pericardium (PC)
Triple Heater (TH)
Gallbladder (GB)
Liver (LR)
Conception Vessel (CV)
Governor Vessel (GV)
Extra Points
Canine-Equine Shu Point Comparison
Canine-Equine Mu Point Comparison
2-3
4-5
6-8
10-11
12-13
14-15
16-21
22-23
24-25
26-27
28-33
34-36
38-40
42-44
46-58
49-50
51-52
©2013 IAVMA, Inc. and Narda G. Robinson, DO, DVM, MS. All rights reserved.
1
Lung (LU)
2
Point Name & Location
Relevant Anatomy
Indications & Point Combinations
LU 1 (Zhong Fu, “Central Treasury”)
On the chest, medial to the greater
tubercle of the humerus, in the 1st
intercostal space.
LU 5 (Chi Ze, “Cubit Marsh”)
On the lateral aspect of the biceps
brachii tendon at the level of the cubital
crease. Locate with elbow slightly
flexed.
LU 7 (Lie Que, “Divergent Branch”)
In the nook proximal to the radial
styloid process.
Cervicothoracic
spinal nn
Local pain (LU-1, local points); reduced shoulder
mobility (LU-1, restricted locations); respiratory
disorders (LU-1, BL-13, BL-12)
Radial n
Musculocutaneous n
Local elbow pain; distal bicipital tendon pain
(palpate to localize tender points); epistaxis
(LU-5, LU-9)
Superficial radial n
Nervi vasorum
LU 9 (Tai Yuan, “Great Abyss”)
Distal to the radial styloid process, level
with the carpal joint, radial to the radial
a (i.e., toward the dew claw side).
Superficial radial n
Nervi vasorum
Skin disorders (LU-7, LI-4, ST-36, SP-10); neck
pain (LU-7, SI-3, local neck points); carpal pain
(palpate for tender points); dental pain
(LU-7, LI-4)
Arrhythmias (LU-9, PC-6), hemoptysis
(LU-9, LU-5); carpal pain (palpate for tender
points)
3
Large Intestine
Large Intestine (LI)
4
Point Name & Location
LI 4 (He Gu, “Union Valley”)
Midway along the shaft of the 2nd
metacarpal bone on its radial (dew
claw) side. Alternate location – in
the web space between the
dewclaw and digit II.
LI 10 (Shou San Li, “Arm Three Li”)
2 cun distal to LI 11, between the
extensor carpi radialis and common
digital extensor mm.
LI 11 (Qu Chi, “Pool at the Bend”)
At the lateral end of the cubital
crease of the flexed elbow.
Relevant
Anatomy
Radial n
Nervi vasorum in
carpal arterial
arch
Indications & Point Combinations
Radial n
Lateral elbow pain (palpate for extensor trigger points &
sources of local or referred pain); radial n injury (LI-10,
LI-11, LI-4, caudal cervical spinal n roots)
Radial n
Lateral elbow pain (palpate for extensor trigger points &
sources of local or referred pain); radial n injury (LI-10,
LI-11, LI-4, caudal cervical spinal n roots); immune
modulation and anti-inflammation (LI-11, LI-4, GV-14,
ST-36)
Shoulder joint pain (LI-15, TH-14, trigger points);
suprascapular n injury (LI-15, cervicothoracic spinal nn
roots, SI-11, SI-12)
LI 15 (Jian Yu, “Shoulder Bone”)
Just cranial and distal to the
acromion process.
Suprascapular n
Axillary n
LI 20 (Ying Xiang, “Welcome
Fragrance”)
Lateral to midpoint of the ala nasi.
Trigeminal n
Facial n
Pain or skin irritation along the trajectory of the LI channel
(palpate, observe); headache (LI-4, palpate for pain and
source of head pain); sinus discomfort (LI-4, local sinus
points) sympathetic regulation (LI-4, ST-36, LR-3, GV-20)
Rhinitis (LI-20, Yintang), sinusitis, local nasal disorders,
trigeminal neuritis affecting infraorbital n and branches
and thereby reducing nasal discomfort and stuffiness
5
Stomach (ST)
6
Point Name & Location
Relevant Anatomy
Indications & Point Combinations
ST 2 (Si Bai, “Four Whites”)
At the infraorbital foramen.
Trigeminal n
Facial n
ST 4 (Di Cang, “Earth Granary”)
Lateral to the labial commissure.
ST 6 (Jia Che, “Cheek Carriage”)
In the belly of the masseter m.
ST 25 (Tian Shu, “Celestial Pivot”)
Approximately 2 cun lateral to the
center of the umbilicus, in the belly
of the rectus abdominis m.
ST 34 (Liang Qiu, “Ridge Mound”)
2 cun proximal to the patella in the
vastus lateralis m, opposite SP 10.
ST 35 (Du Bi, “Calf’s Nose”)
Lateral to the patellar ligament.
Trigeminal n
Facial n
Trigeminal n
Facial n
L1 spinal n
Maxillofacial pain (ST-2); nasal congestion (ST-2,
LI-20); trigeminal neuritis (ST-2, other affected
branches of CN V)
Facial n injury affecting labial or platysma m
function (ST-4, TH-17); orofacial pain (ST-4, ST-2)
Masticatory pain (ST-6); trigeminal n dysfunction
leading to hypo- or hyper-tonic masseter m
Abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, intestinal cramping
(ST-25, ST-36, BL-20, BL-21)
ST 36 (Zu San Li, “Leg 3 Miles”)
2 cun distal to the tibial plateau, 1
cun lateral to the tibia crest in the
belly of the cranial tibialis m.
Fibular n
Femoral n
Femoral n
Stifle pain, instability, and/or dysfunction (ST-34,
ST-36, SP-9, SP-10); femoral n injury (ST-34, spinal
segmental input to L4-L6 spinal nn)
Stifle pain (ST-35, ST-34, ST-36, SP-10, SP-9); patellar
tendinitis (Xiyan= lateral (ST 35) plus its opposite on
the medial aspect of the patellar tendon)
Stifle pain (ST-35, ST-34, ST-36, SP-10, SP-9); GI
problems and motility issues (ST-36), immune or
inflammatory problems (ST-36, LI-4, LI-11, GV-14);
pelvic limb dysfunction (ST-36, relevant
neuromuscular, peripheral nn, and spinal segments)
7
ST 40 (Feng Long, “Bountiful Bulge”)
Midway between the lateral
malleolus and the stifle joint
between the cranial tibialis and long
digital extensor mm.
ST 41 (Jie Xi, “Stream Divide”)
On the dorsal hock, between the
tendons of the long digital extensor
and cranial tibialis mm, level with
the lateral malleolus.
Fibular n
Fibular n
Gastrointestinal disorders involving fluid retention
or swelling (ST-40, ST-36, SP-6); lateral crus
myofascial dysfunction or hock instability (ST-40,
palpate for trigger points in the lateral extensors
and peroneal mm/tendons)
Tarsal pain and restricted motion (ST-41, ST-36, KI-3,
BL-60)
8
9
Spleen (SP)
10
Point Name & Location
Relevant
Indications & Point Combinations
Anatomy
SP 4 (Gong Sun, “Grandfather Grandson”) Medial plantar Reproductive dysfunction (SP-4, PC-6, lumbosacral
Just distal to the base of the 2nd
n
spinal segments); medial pedal pain (SP-4, palpate for
metatarsal bone.
tenderness)
SP 6 (San Yin Jiao, “Three Yin
Tibial n
Pelvic problems, voiding dysfunction, or reproductive
Intersection”)
dysfunction (SP-6, KI-3, relevant lumbosacral spinal
3 cun proximal to the medial malleolus
segments); pelvic limb edema (SP-6, SP-9; add manual
along the caudal border of the tibia.
lymphatic drainage)
SP 9 (Yin Ling Quan, “Yin Mound Spring”) Saphenous n
Stifle pain (SP-9, ST-34, ST-36, SP-10); edema of the
Just distal to the medial tibial condyle.
hind limb (SP-9, SP-6); genital pain (SP-6, SP-9, BL-23,
BL-31, BL-32, BL33, Bai Hui); pelvic limb edema (SP-9,
SP-6; add manual lymphatic drainage)
SP 10 (Xue Hai, “Sea of Blood”)
Femoral n
Stifle pain (SP-9, ST-34, ST-36, SP-10); reproductive
On the medial side of the thigh, in the
disorders (SP-6, SP-10, BL-23, BL-31, BL-32, BL-33,
vastus medialis m, 2 cun above the
Bai Hui); erythematous and/or pruritic skin conditions
craniomedial border of the patella.
(SP-10, LI-4, LI-11, ST-36, GV-14)
Opposite ST 34, which is in the vastus
lateralis m.
11
Heart
Heart (HT)
(HT)
12
Point Name & Location
HT 3 (Shao Hai, “Lesser Sea”)
At the medial end of the crease of the
flexed elbow, cranial to the medial
humeral epicondyle.
HT 7 (Shen Men, “Spirit Gate”)
On the lateral carpus, lateral to the
flexor carpi ulnaris and superficial digital
flexor tendons.
HT 8 (Shao Fu, “Lesser Palace”)
Enter caudal to the metacarpal pad
between the 4th and 5th metacarpals;
thread under the pad.
HT 9 (Shao Chong, “Lesser Rushing”)
On the radial aspect of the nail bed of
the 5th (most lateral) digit of the manus.
Relevant
Anatom
y
Ulnar n
Ulnar n
Indications & Point Combinations
Emotional stress/anxiety (HT-3, HT-7, ST-36, GV-20); epilepsy
that worsens with stress (HT-3, LR-3, ST-36, GV-20, other
vagal neuromodulatory points); medial elbow pain (HT-3,
relevant trigger points or pain sites); ulnar neuropathy (HT-3,
HT-7, GV-14; palpate for myofascial regions of nerve
entrapment)
Emotional stress/anxiety (HT-7, ST-36, GV-20)
Ulnar n
Thoracic limb neurologic dysfunction (HT-8, Baxie, caudal
cervical ventral spinal nerve points); degenerative joint
disease in the manus (HT-8, local tender points)
Ulnar n
Fever (HT-9, GV-14, GV-20); coma (HT-9, GV-20)
13
Small Intestine (SI)
Small Intestine (SI)
14
Point Name & Location
SI 3 (Hou Xi, “Back Stream”)
On the ulnar manus, just proximal to the 5th
metacarpophalangeal joint.
SI 8 (Xiao Hai, “Small Sea”)
Over the ulnar nerve groove between the
medial humeral epicondyle and the
olecranon process of the ulna.
SI 9 (Jian Zhen, “True Shoulder”)
In a depression on the caudal border of the
deltoid m, between the long and lateral
heads of the triceps brachii m.
SI 11 (Tian Zong, “Celestial Gathering”)
In the middle of the belly of the infraspinatus
m, in the infraspinous fossa.
SI 12 (Bing Feng, “Grasping the Wind”)
In the middle of the belly of the
supraspinatus m, in the supraspinous fossa.
SI 19 (Ting Gong, “Palace of Hearing”)
On the caudal zygomatic region, in a
depression rostral to the tragus, dorsal to
the condylar process of the mandible
(palpated readily with the mouth open).
Relevant
Anatomy
Ulnar n
Ulnar n
Indications & Point Combinations
Cervicothoracic pain or nerve injury (SI-3, BL-10,
local tender points); local pain (SI-3, palpate for
tender points); ulnar neuropathy (SI-3, SI-8,
myofascial restriction entrapping ulnar n brr)
Medial epicondylitis/elbow pain (SI-8, HT-3, local
points, trigger points); ulnar neuropathy (SI-8, SI-3,
HT-7, caudal spinal nn’s exit points on lateral neck)
Axillary n
Radial n
Shoulder or thoracic limb pain (SI-9, treat source of
pain (TH-14, LI-15 for joint pain; trigger points for
soft tissue pain, consider spinal n contribution)
Suprascapular
n
Myofascial dysfunction (SI-11, check for trigger
points in the triceps, digital extensors, etc.)
Suprascapular
n
Myofascial dysfunction (SI-12, other local trigger
points related to shoulder function)
Trigeminal n
Facial n
Otitis media and externa (SI-19, TH-17, TH-20);
temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain (SI-19, SI-18,
temporalis trigger points, BL-10)
15
Bladder (BL)
B(BL)
16
Point Name & Location
BL 1 (Jing Ming, “Bright Eyes”)
Immediately dorsal to the medial canthus.
BL 2 (Zan Zhu, “Gathered Bamboo”)
Directly above BL 1 along the orbital rim.
Relevant
Anatomy
Trigeminal n
Facial n
Trigeminal n
Facial n
BL 10 (Tian Zhu, “Celestial Pillar”)
Just caudal to the wing of the atlas on the
dorsolateral neck region.
Greater occipital
n (C2)
BL 11 (Da Zhu, “Great Shuttle”)
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous
process of the 1st thoracic vertebra, mid-way
from the spinous process to the medial border of
the scapula.
BL 12 (Feng Men, “Wind Gate”)
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous
process of the 2nd thoracic vertebra, midway
between the spinous process and the medial
border of the scapula.
BL 13 (Fei Shu, “Lung Shu”)
Same as BL 12 but lateral to T3.
Cervicothoracic
spinal nn
Indications & Point Combinations
Epiphora, lacrimal duct dysfunction (BL-1,
ST-2). Needle cautiously.
Eye pain and keratoconjunctivitis sicca
(BL-2, TH-23, GB-1); frontal sinusitis (BL-2,
tender facial points)
Cervical pain, tension (BL-10, local trigger
points, GV-14, tense inner Bladder line
points along the back, ST-36); headache
(BL-10, GV-20, local trigger and tender
points); vertigo (BL-10, GB-20, TH-20,
GB-34, GV-20, local tender points); nasal
obstruction (BL-10, LI-20, Yintang)
Tension and pain locally or regionally (BL-11
and local tender/trigger points)
Cervicothoracic
spinal nn
Early upper respiratory illness or lung
problem (BL-12, BL-13, LU-1, LU-7);
tracheal irritation (BL-12, CV-22)
Upper thoracic
spinal nn
Lung problems (BL-13, LU-1, GV-14, ST-36);
local pain
17
BL 14 (Jue Yin Shu, “Reverting Yin Shu”)
Same as BL 12 but lateral to T4.
BL 15 (Xin Shu, “Heart Shu”)
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous
process of the 5th thoracic vertebra, between the
longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 17 (Ge Shu, “Diaphragm Shu”)
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous
process of the 7th thoracic vertebra, between the
longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 18 (Gan Shu, “Liver Shu”)
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous
process of the 10th thoracic vertebra, between
the longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 19 (Dan Shu, “Gall Bladder Shu”)
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous
process of the 11th thoracic vertebra, between
the longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 20 (Pi Shu, “Spleen Shu”)
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous
process of the 12th thoracic vertebra, between
the longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 21 (Wei Shu, “Stomach Shu”)
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous
process of the 13th thoracic vertebra, between
the longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
Upper thoracic
spinal nn
Upper thoracic
spinal nn
Heart palpitations (BL-14, BL-15, PC-6,
ST-36); local pain
Heart problems (BL-14, BL-15, PC-6, ST-36);
local pain; anxiety (BL-15, CV-17, HT-7,
GV-20, LR-3)
Midthoracic
spinal nn
Hiccoughs, spasmodic coughs (BL-17,
CV-15, CV-22); local pain
Midthoracic
spinal nn
Liver problems (BL-18, LR-14, ST-36); local
pain
Midthoracic
spinal nn
Hepatobiliary problems (BL-19, GB-24,
GB-34); local pain
Caudal thoracic
spinal nn
Digestive problems, poor appetite, or
diarrhea (BL-20, BL-21, BL-25, ST-36, CV-12)
Caudal thoracic
spinal nn
Digestive problems, poor appetite, or
diarrhea (BL-20, BL-21, ST-25, ST-36, CV-12)
18
BL 22 (San Jiao Shu, “Triple Burner Shu”)
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous
process of the 1st lumbar vertebra, between the
longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 23 (Shen Shu, “Kidney Shu”)
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous
process of the 2nd lumbar vertebra, between the
longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 25 (Da Chang Shu, “Large Intestine Shu”)
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous
process of the 5th umbar vertebra, between the
longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 27 (Xiao Chang Shu, “Small Intestine Shu”)
Lateral to the 1st sacral foramen, between the
medial border of the cranial dorsal iliac spine
and the sacrum.
BL 28 (Pang Guang Shu, “Bladder Shu”)
Lateral to the 2nd sacral foramen, between the
medial border of the cranial dorsal iliac spine
and the sacrum.
Thoracolumbar
spinal nn
Abdominal distension with fluid
accumulation (BL-22, CV-5, KI-16); adrenal
problems (BL-22, BL-23, BL-52)
Thoracolumbar
spinal nn
Kidney problems (BL-23, GB-25, KI-3, GV-4);
genitourinary disorders (BL-23, Bai Hui,
BL-28, CV-3, KI-3, SP-6, GV-20); lumbar and
pelvic pain (BL-23, BL-25, Bai Hui, SP-6,
local pain or trigger points,
BL-60, KI-3)
Cranial lumbar nn Intestinal pain, distension, poor digestion,
constipation, diarrhea (BL-21, BL-20, BL-25,
ST-25, ST-36)
S1 spinal n
S2 spinal n
Genitourinary problems, including
incontinence, cystitis, prostatitis,
impotence (BL-27, BL-28, BL-23, Bai Hui,
KI-3, SP-6, CV-3); small intestine issues
(BL-27, CV-4, ST-36); sacroiliac dysfunction
Genitourinary problems, including
incontinence, cystitis, feline urologic
syndrome, prostatitis, impotence (BL-27,
BL-28, BL-23, Bai Hui, KI-3, SP-6, CV-3);
sacroiliac dysfunction
19
BL 35 (Hui Yang, “Meeting of Yang”)
In the skin fold lateral to the base of the tail.
Sacral spinal nn
BL 36 (Cheng Fu, “Hold and Support”)
Ventral to the tuber ischii, at the attachments of
the semitendinosus and semimembranosus mm.
Sciatic n
BL 39 (Wei Yang, “Outside of the Crook”)
On the lateral end of the popliteal crease, just
medial to the tendon of the biceps femoris m
(Note: Location differs from equine).
Common fibular
n
BL 40 (Wei Zhong, “Middle of the Crook”)
In the center of the popliteal fossa.
Tibial n
BL 52 (Zhi Shi, “Residence of the Will”)
3 cun lateral to the caudal border of the spinous
process of L2, at the lateral border of the
iliocostalis m, level with BL 23.
Thoracolumbar
spinal nn
Sacral pain, tail dysfunction (BL-35, GV-2,
local points); anorectal disorders (BL-35,
GV-1, BL-57,
Bai Hui), priapism (BL-35,
BL-31, BL-33, Bai Hui)
Sciatic neuralgia or nerve injury (BL-36,
BL-26, BL-27, BL-40, BL-39, KI-3); hamstring
mm tension/myofascial restriction (BL-36,
myofascial tender points)
Pelvic limb pain or paresis (BL-39, relevant
trigger points or points related to the
neurologic or spinal cord injury); urinary
retention or incontinence (BL-39, KI-3, SP-6,
BL-28, BL-23)
Pelvic limb pain/paresis (BL-40, relevant
trigger points related to the neurologic or
spinal cord injury); urinary retention (BL-40,
KI-3, SP-6, BL-28, BL-23); stifle pain (BL-40,
ST-36, ST-34, SP-9, SP-10)
Kidney problems (BL-23, BL-52, GB-25, KI-3,
GV-4); genitourinary disorders (BL-23,
BL-28, BL-31, BL-33, CV-3, KI-3, SP-6);
lumbar or pelvic pain (BL-23, BL-52, Bai Hui,
SP-6, local pain or trigger points, BL-60,
KI-3)
20
BL 54 (Zhi Bian, “Sequential Limit”)
Just dorsal to the greater trochanter.
Sciatic n
BL 60 (Kun Lun, “Kunlun Mountains”)
Between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneal
tendon.
BL 62 (Shen Mai, “Extending Vessel”)
Just caudodistal to the lateral malleolus.
Fibular n
Tibial n
BL 67 (Zhi Yin, “Reaching Yin”)
Lateral to the nail bed of the most lateral (5th)
digit of the pes.
Fibular n
Tibial n
Fibular n
Tibial n
Hip or gluteal pain (BL-54, GB-29, GB-30);
sciatic n dysfunction (BL-54, GB-30, BL-36,
BL-40, BL-39, BL-60, KI-3)
Spinal or pelvic limb pain (BL-60,
local/myofascial trigger points related to
the pain problem)
Tarsal pain (BL-62, local points and
myofascial trigger points related to the pain
problem)
Malposition of the fetus (BL-67); placental
retention (BL-67, BL-31, BL-33, Bai Hui);
distal stimulation of digital nn for pelvic
limb neuropraxia
21
Kidney (KI)
22
Point Name & Location
KI 1 (Yong Quan, “Gushing Spring”)
Between the 2nd and 3rd metatarsal
bones, under the metatarsal pad.
KI 3 (Tai Xi, “Supreme Stream”)
In the depression between the
medial malleolus and the calcaneal
tendon.
KI 6 (Zhao Hai, “Shining Sea”)
Just craniodistal to the medial
malleolus.
KI 7 (Fu Liu, “Returning Current")
2 cun proximal to the tip of the
medial malleolus just cranial to the
calcaneal tendon.
Relevant
Anatomy
Tibial n
Tibial n
Indications & Point Combinations
Shock (KI-1, HT-9, GV-26); coma (KI-1, GV-20, Yintang); pain
or swelling of the pes (KI-1, Bafeng); neuropraxia of the
pelvic limb (KI-1, ST-36, Bafeng, related peripheral nerves,
spinal segments); status epilepticus
Urinary problems (KI-3, SP-6, BL-23, BL-28, CV-3, Bai Hui);
reproductive problems (KI-3, SP-6, SP-10, Bai Hui, BL-27,
BL-28, GV-20); voiding dysfunction in general
Tibial n
Tarsal pain (KI-6, BL-62, relevant painful points)
Tibial n
Calcaneal tendinitis/pain (KI-7, relevant local points)
23
Pericardium (PC)
24
Point Name & Location
PC 3 (Qu Ze, “Marsh at the Crook”)
In the cubital crease, on the medial side of
the biceps brachii tendon.
PC 6 (Nei Guan, “Inner Pass”)
2 cun proximal to the carpal joint, between
the tendons of the flexor digitorum
superficialis and flexor carpi radialis.
PC 8 (Lao Gong, “Palace of Toil”)
Between the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones,
under the pad.
Relevant
Anatomy
Median n
Indications & Point Combinations
Median n
Nausea and vomiting (PC-6); cardiac arrhythmias (PC-6,
HT-7); disorders of the cranial GI tract (PC-6, ST-36);
agitation (PC-6, HT-7, LR-3, GV-20)
Median n
Thoracic limb neurologic dysfunction (PC-8, Baxie,
relevant neural pathways); thermoregulation disorders
of the manus; palmar pain
Bicipital tendon pain (PC-3, LU-5); median n injury
(PC-3, PC-6)
25
Triple Heater (TH)
26
Point Name & Location
TH 3 (Zhong Zhu, “Central Islet”)
On the dorsal manus, proximal to the 4th and 5th
metacarpophalangeal joints.
TH 5 (Wai Guan, “Outer Pass”)
2 cun proximal to the carpus between the
radius and ulna.
TH 10 (Tian Jing, “Celestial Well”)
1 cun proximal to the olecranon at the
tendinomuscular intersection of the long head
of the triceps brachii m.
TH 14 (Jian Liao, “Shoulder Crevice”)
Caudodistal to the acromion.
TH 17 (Yi Feng, “Wind Screen”)
Ventral to the ear, between the wing of the
atlas and the mandibular process.
TH 21 (Er Men, “Ear Gate”)
Rostroventral to the pretragic notch, dorsal to
the condylar process when the mouth is open.
TH 23 (Si Zhu Kong, “Silken Bamboo Hollow”)
Lateral to the zygomatic process of the frontal
bone.
Relevant
Anatomy
Radial n
Ulnar n
Indications & Point Combinations
Radial n
Local pain, distal antebrachium; myofascial
restriction of the extensors of the antebrachium
Ulnar n
Elbow pain related to triceps restriction, triceps
tendinopathy at the olecranon process, or
enthesiopathy (TH-10, local points)
Suprascapular
n
Shoulder pain (TH-14, LI-15, local tension or pain
points); suprascapular n injury (TH-14, LI-15,
SI-11, SI-12, caudal cervical ventral nerve root
points)
Facial n injury (TH-17; add points along involved
facial n brr)
Facial n
Trigeminal n
Facial n
CN V, CN VII
Local pain in the manus, digits
TMJ dysfunction (TH-21, SI-19, SI-18); facial n
injury involving auriculopalpebral br of CN VII
(TH-21, GB-2, TH-17)
Eye pain, dry eye (TH-23, GB-1, BL-2, BL-10,
ST-36)
27
Gallbladder
(GB)
28
29
30
Point Name & Location
GB 1 (Tong Zi Liao, “Pupil Crevice”)
Near the lateral canthus, dorsal to the frontal
process of the zygomatic bone.
GB 2 (Ting Hui, “Auditory Convergence”)
Ventral to the intertragic incisure, at the
caudal border of the condylar process of the
mandible, located with mouth open.
Relevant
Anatomy
Trigeminal n
Facial n
Trigeminal n
Facial n
C2 spinal n
GB 14 (Yang Bai, “Whiteness of Yang”)
1 cun above the orbital rim in line with the
pupil.
Trigeminal n
Facial n
GB 20 (Feng Chi, “Wind Pool”)
Craniolateral to BL-10, between the
attachments of the sterno-occipitalis portion
of the sternocephalicus and the cleidocervical
portion of the brachiocephalicus m; caudal to
the base of the ear.
GB 21 (Jian Jing, “Shoulder Well”)
Midpoint of the cranial border of the scapula.
Facial n
C2 spinal n
Indications & Point Combinations
Eye pain, dry eye (TH-23, GB-1, BL-2, BL-10,
ST-36); facial n injury (TH-17, GB-1, relevant facial
n branches/associated points)
Ear problems, including otitis media (GB-2, TH-17,
TH-21, BL-10, GV-14); facial numbness and
paralysis (GB-2, relevant facial n
branches/associated points); TMJ dysfunction
(TH-21, SI-19, GB-2, SI-18)
Frontal sinusitis and headaches (GB-14, BL-2,
BL-10, GV-20); eye pain (GB-14, local eye points);
epilepsy (GB-14, GV-20, ST-36, BL-10, other
pertinent points for patient stress or
cervicocephalic myofascial dysfunction)
Early upper respiratory infection (GB-20, GV-14,
LI-4, LU-7); head and neck pain (GB-20, BL-10,
tender and local points), eye problems (GB-20,
GV-20, local eye points), vertigo (GB-20, BL-10,
GV-20, GB-34, TH-17, Yintang)
Caudal
Local or regional muscle tension (GB-21, local
cervical spinal tender or trigger points); thoracic limb
nn
dysfunction (involvement of local mm identified
by palpation)
31
GB 24 (Ri Yue, “Sun and Moon”)
In a depression ventral to the costochondral
junction at the 9th intercostal space,
caudodorsal to LR-14.
GB 25 (Jing Men, “Capital Gate”)
On the lateral side of the abdomen, at the tip
of the 13th rib.
GB 29 (Ju Liao, “Squatting Bone-Hole”)
One-third the distance from the greater
trochanter to the cranial dorsal iliac spine.
GB 30 (Huan Tiao, “Jumping Round”)
Midway between the greater trochanter and
the tuber ischii.
Midthoracic
spinal nn
GB 31 (Feng Shi, “Wind Market”)
On the midline of the lateral aspect of the
thigh, 7 cun above the popliteal crease.
GB 33 (Xi Yang Guan, “Knee Yang Joint”)
On the lateral stifle, proximal to the joint line,
in a depression caudal to the femur in the
biceps femoris m.
Femoral n
Sciatic n
Caudal
thoracic
spinal nn
Cranial
gluteal n
Sciatic n
Fibular n
Hepatobiliary problems (GB-24, LR-14, ST-36,
LR-3); intercostal neuralgia (GB-24, tender local
points); regional pain (GB-24, local tender or
trigger points)
Kidney problems (GB-25, BL-23, BL-52, GV-4);
regional pain (GB-25, local points)
Hip problems (GB-29, GB-30, BL-54, local tender
or trigger points)
Hip problems (GB-29, GB-30, BL-54, local tender
or trigger points); sciatic n dysfunction (GB-30,
BL-54, BL-36, BL-37, BL-39, BL-40, Bafeng); sciatic
pain
(GB-30, BL-26 BL-27, Bai Hui, BL-37, ST-36, BL-60)
Hip or pelvic limb pain or neurologic dysfunction
(use as local point in addition to GB-29, GB-30,
BL-54, local tender or trigger points)
Pain, arthritis, and/or edema of the stifle (GB-33,
local stifle points, palpate for tender points)
32
GB 34 (Yang Ling Quan, “Yang Mound Spring”) Fibular n
In the depression cranial and distal to the
fibular head.
GB 39 (Jue Gu, “Severed Bone”)
3 cun proximal to the lateral malleolus in the
depression between the caudal border of the
fibula and the tendons of the peroneus
(fibularis) longus and brevis mm.
GB 41 (Zu Lin Qi, “Foot Governor of Tears”)
In the depression distal to the junction of the
4th and 5th metatarsals, lateral to the extensor
digitorum longus tendon.
Fibular n
Fibular n
Stifle pain (GB-34, GB-33, ST-36, SP-9, SP-10);
musculotendinous pain or tension (GB-34 plus
local tender points); hepatobiliary disorders
(GB-34, GB-24, LR-14, BL-19, BL-18); lateral pelvic
limb or hip discomfort (GB-34, regional points)
Pelvic limb pain, movement problems and/or
stiffness (GB-39, local points, regional points,
tender points); bone marrow disorders (GB-39,
ST-36, BL-17)
Local foot pain (GB-41 plus local or tender
points); eye problems (GB-41 plus local eye
points)
33
Liver (LR)
34
Point Name & Location
LR 2 (Xing Jian, “Moving
Between”)
Between the 2nd and 3rd digit
of the pelvic limb, distal to
the metatarsophalangeal
joint.
LR 3 (Tai Chong, “Great
Rushing”)
Midway along the groove
between the 2nd and 3rd
metatarsal bones.
LR 8 (Qu Quan, “Spring at the
Crook”)
On the medial side of the
stifle joint, caudodistal to
medial condyle of the femur,
at the level of the joint line.
Relevant
Anatomy
Deep fibular n
Indications & Point Combinations
Deep fibular n
Seizures (LR-3, ST-36, HT-3, GV-20, Sishencong, BL-10); anxiety
(LR-3, HT-3, GV-20); foot pain (LR-3, local pain problems);
hepatobiliary disorders (LR-3, ST-36, LR-14, GB-24, BL-18, BL-19);
headaches (LR-3, LI-4, GV-20, local painful points on the head);
genital pain or inflammation (LR-3, SP-6, BL-25, BL-27, Bai Hui);
endocrine and metabolic disorders (LR-3, LI-4, ST-36, appropriate
visceral spinal segmental points)
Reproductive disorders (genital pain or inflammation (LR-8, SP-6,
BL-25, BL-27, Bai Hui); respiratory allergies (LR-8, LI-4, LU-7, LI-11),
urticaria (LR-8, SP-10, LI-4, ST-36); stifle problems and pain (GB-34,
GB-33, ST-36, SP-9, SP-10, LR-8)
Saphenous n
Tibial n (to
joint capsule)
Pelvic limb paresis (LR-2 as part of the Bafeng points, ST-36,
relevant spinal segments); agitation (LR-2, HT-7, GV-20)
35
LR 13 (Zhang Men, “Screen
Gate”)
On the lateral side of the
abdomen, just ventral and
cranial to the tip of the 12th
rib.
LR 14 (Qi Men, “Cycle Gate”)
On the mammary line, at the
level of the 8th intercostal
space.
Caudal
thoracic
spinal nn
Digestive problems, vomiting, abdominal swelling, diarrhea (LR-13,
ST-36, SP-6, CV-12)
Midthoracic
spinal nn
Digestive problems, vomiting, abdominal swelling, diarrhea (LR-14,
ST-36, SP-6, CV-12); hiccups (LR-14, CV-15, CV-22, BL-17 (consider
firm acupressure at these sites)
36
37
Conception Vessel (CV)
38
Point Name & Location
CV 1 (Hui Yin, “Meeting of Yin”)
On the perineal region, in the depression between
the anus and the caudal border of the scrotum in
males, or caudal labial commissure in females.
CV 3 (Zhong Ji, “Central Pole”)
4 cun caudal to the umbilicus = 1 cun cranial to the
symphysis pubis, on the midline.
CV 4 (Guan Yuan, “Gate of Origin”)
3 cun caudal to the umbilicus = 2 cun cranial to the
symphysis pubis, on the midline.
CV 5 (Shi Men, “Stone Gate”)
2 cun caudal to the umbilicus = 3 cun cranial to the
symphysis pubis, on the midline.
CV 6 (Qi Hai, “Sea of Qi”)
1.5 cun caudal to the umbilicus = 3.5 cun cranial to
the symphysis pubis, on the midline.
CV 8 (Shen Que, “Spirit Gateway”)
In the center of the umbilicus.
CV 12 (Zhong Guan, “Middle Cavity”)
Halfway between the umbilicus and the xiphisternal
synchondrosis, on the midline.
Relevant
Anatomy
Sacral spinal nn
Indications & Point Combinations
Cranial lumbar
spinal nn
Emergency resuscitation of a drowned
patient (CV-1, GV-26); genitourinary
problems (CV-1, CV-3, BL-23, BL-28,
KI-3, SP-6)
Genitourinary, especially bladder,
problems (CV-1, CV-3, BL-23, BL-28,
KI-3, SP-6)
Uterine problems (CV-4, BL-31 to BL-33,
SP-6, LR-8)
Cranial lumbar
spinal nn
Caudal abdominal pain (CV-5, ST-36),
ascites (CV-5, BL-22, ST-25, SP-9)
Cranial lumbar
spinal nn
Periumbilical abdominal pain (CV-6,
ST-25, ST-36), ascites (CV-6, BL-22,
ST-25, SP-9)
Avoid needling here; warm with moxa
or laser; diarrhea (CV-8, ST-25, ST-36)
Cranial lumbar
spinal nn
L1 spinal n
Midthoracic
spinal nn
Abdominal problems, including
processes of food absorption and
assimilation
(CV-12, BL-21, ST-36, SP-6)
39
CV 14 (Ju Que, “Great Tower Gate”)
Halfway between CV 12 and the xiphisternal
synchondrosis, on the midline.
Midthoracic
spinal nn
CV 17 (Shan Zhong, “Chest Center”)
On the ventral midline, at the level of the fourth
intercostal space.
Cranial thoracic
spinal nn
CV 22 (Tian Tu, “Celestial Chimney”)
At the cranial tip of the manubrium.
Cervicothoracic
spinal nn
Anxiety (CV-14, HT-7, LR-3, GV-20),
palpitations, emesis, or emotional
problems upsetting the stomach
(CV-14, PC-6, LR-3)
Anxiety, stress, or cardiac problems
(CV-17, BL-14, BL-15, GV-20, HT-7);
coughing, chest discomfort (CV-17,
LU-1, BL-13, LU-7; consider LI-4, LU-5)
Thyroid, throat, and tongue issues
(CV-22, CV-23, ST-9, LI-4); cough,
asthma, other respiratory problems
(CV-22, LU-7, BL-23, BL-13, LU-1);
hiccups (CV-22, BL-17)
40
41
Governor Vessel (GV)
42
Point Name & Location
GV 1 (Chang Qiang, “Long
Strong”
In the depression between
the anus and base of the tail.
GV 2 (Yao Shu, “Lumbar
Shu”)
Sacrocaudal junction.
GV 3 (Yao Yang Guan,
“Lumbar Yang Gate”)
Along the dorsal midline in
the depression caudal to the
spinous process of L4.
GV 4 (Ming Men, “Life Gate”)
Along the dorsal midline in
the depression caudal to the
spinous process of L2.
GV 14 (Daz Hui, “Great
Vertebra”
On the midline, between the
dorsal spinous processes of
the last cervical and first
thoracic vertebrae.
Relevant
Anatomy
Sacral nn
Indications & Point Combinations
Sacral nn
Anal dysfunction (GV-2 +/- GV-1, BL-35, sacral nn points)
Midlumbar
spinal nn
Lumbar pain (GV-3, BL-23, BL-25)
Diarrhea (GV-1), fecal incontinence (GV-1, BL-39, GVT), rectal
prolapse (GV-1, Bai Hui), ejaculatory problems (GV-1, Bai Hui,
BL-27, BL-28)
Thoracolumbar Lumbar pain (GV-4, BL-23, local lumbar tender and trigger points,
spinal nn
BL-40, BL-60), pelvic analgesia (GV-4, BL-23, BL-25, SP-6),
genitourinary dysfunction (GV-4, BL-27, BL-28, SP-6)
Cervicothoracic Neck and back pain (GV-14, spinal segmental and tender or
spinal nn
trigger points), thoracic limb pain and weakness (GV-14,
pertinent points according to neurologic injury or pain),
respiratory problems (GV-14, BL-13, LU-1, LU-7, ST-36), epilepsy
(GV-14, GV-20, ST-36, LR-3, HT-3), fever (GV-14, LI-4, LI-11,
GV-20), immunologic dysfunction (GV-14, LI-4, ST-36, SP-10)
43
GV 20 (Bai Hui, “100
Convergences”)
On the dorsal midline of the
skull, in a notch at the rostral
end of the external sagittal
crest (a.k.a., “parietal crest”).
GV 26 (Shui Gou, “Water
Trough”)
In the intersection of the “T”
formed below the nose, in the
philtrum.
Trigeminal n
Cranial cervical
spinal nn
Agitation (GV-20, HT-7, LR-2), epilepsy (GV-20, ST-36, HT-7, PC-6,
local head and neck points), headaches (GV-20, local points),
dizziness (GV-20, BL-10 or GB-20, GB-34, LR-3), cerebrovascular
accident (GV-20, pertinent points related to neurologic
dysfunction and brain area(s) affected)
Trigeminal n
Facial n
Cardiopulmonary collapse (vigorous stimulation of GV-26), status
epilepticus (GV-26)
44
45
Extra Points
46
Point Name & Location
Relevant Anatomy
Indications & Point Combinations
Bai Hui (“100 Convergences”)
A depression on the dorsal midline in the
lumbosacral space.
Mid- to caudal lumbar
spinal nn
Yintang (“Hall of Impression”)
On the dorsal midline of the head, between
the eyebrow equivalents.
Trigeminal n
Facial n
Lumbosacral pain (Bai Hui, local tender or
trigger points, BL-40, BL-60), pelvic limb
pain or neurologic dysfunction (Bai Hui,
relevant points for pain or neurologic
dysfunction), pelvic organ or reproductive
problems (Bai Hui, BL-27, BL-28, SP-6,
KI-3)
Frontal sinusitis (Yintang, BL-2, GB-14,
GV-20, BL-10), frontal headache (Yintang,
trigger points, BL-10, LI-4), epilepsy
(Yintang, GV-20, LR-3, ST-36, GV-14)
Cervical spinal nerve points
(not shown)
In the groove at the lateral aspect of the
neck along the course of the
omotransversarius m.
Xiyan (“Eyes of the Knee”)
A pair of points in the depressions medial
and lateral to the patellar ligament; the
lateral point = ST-35.
Baxie (“Eight Evils”)
Points located on the dorsum of the front
paw, distal to the metacarpophalangeal
Cervical spinal nn
Cervical intervertebral disk disease, neck
pain (add relevant trigger points)
Saphenous n
Stifle joint pain (Xiyan, ST-36, ST-34, SP-9,
SP-10); patellar tendinitis (Xiyan)
Digital nn
Thoracic limb neuropraxia (Baxie, relevant
neurologic pathways and spinal
segments), manus discomfort (Baxie,
47
tender points)
joints, proximal to the web margins.
Bafeng (“Eight Winds”)
Points located on the dorsum of the hind
paw, distal to the metatarsophalangeal
joints, proximal to the web margins.
GVT or Weijian (“Tip of Tail”)
At the tip of the tail.
Digital nn
Caudal spinal nn
Pelvic limb neuropraxia (Bafeng, relevant
neurologic pathways and spinal
segments), pedal discomfort (Bafeng,
tender points)
Fecal incontinence (GVT or points at
lateral aspect of tail where spinal nn exit);
tail neuropraxia. Often, a more
productive point is found on the lateral
aspects of the tail at the junction of the
most proximal and middle thirds.
48
Canine Shu Points
Equine Shu Points
BL 13 Lateral to the caudal border of the
spinous process of the T3 vertebra, midway
between the spinous process and the
medial border of the scapula.
BL 14 Same as BL 13, but lateral to T4.
BL 13 3 cun lateral to the dorsal midline, at
the caudal edge of the scapular cartilage in
the 8th intercostal space, between the
longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 14 3 cun lateral to the dorsal midline, in
the 9th intercostal space, between the
longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 15 In line with BL 14, lateral to T10.
BL 15 Lateral to the caudal border of the
spinous process of the 5th thoracic vertebra,
between the longissimus and iliocostalis
mm, lateral to T5.
BL 18 In line with BL 15, lateral to T10.
BL 19
BL 20
BL 21
T13.
BL 22
In line with BL 15, lateral to T11.
In line with BL 15, lateral to T12.
In line with BL 15, but lateral to
BL 23
In line with BL 15, lateral to L2.
In line with BL 15, lateral to L1.
Associated Organ
Lung
Pericardium
Heart
BL 18
T14.
BL 19
BL 20
BL 21
In line with BL 14, lateral to T13 and
Liver
In line with BL 14, lateral to T15.
In line with BL 14, lateral to T17.
In line with BL 14, lateral to T18.
Gallbladder
Spleen
Stomach
BL 22
L2.
BL 23
L3.
In line with BL 14, between L1 and
Triple Heater
In line with BL 14, between L2 and
Kidney
49
BL 25
In line with BL 15, lateral to L5.
BL 27 Lateral to the S1 foramen, between
the medial border of the dorsal sacral iliac
spine and the sacrum.
BL 28 Lateral to the S2 foramen, between
the medial border of the dorsal iliac spine
and the sacrum.
BL 25 In line with BL 14, between L5 and
L6, or between L4 and L5 if the horse lacks an
L6.
BL 27 3 cun lateral to the dorsal midline,
between the spinous processes of S1 and S2.
Large Intestine
BL 28 3 cun lateral to the dorsal midline,
between the spinous processes of S2 and S3.
Urinary Bladder
Small Intestine
50
Canine Mu Points
LU 1
On the chest, medial to the greater
tubercle of the humerus, in the 1st
intercostal space.
Equine Mu Points
LU 1 In the center of the descending
pectoral m, medial to the humerus, directly
medial to the cephalic vein, in the 1st
intercostal space.
Associated Organ
Lung
CV 17 On the ventral midline, at the level
of the 4th intercostal space.
CV 17 On the ventral midline, in a large
depression, at the level of the caudal border
of the olecranon.
CV 14 On the ventral midline at about the
level of the xiphoid.
LR 14 In the 13th intercostal space at the
level of the elbow, between the external
abdominal oblique m and the internal and
external intercostal mm.
GB 24 In the 14th intercostal space, just
caudodorsal to LR 14.
Pericardium
LR 13 At the distal end of the 17th rib.
Spleen
CV 12 On the ventral midline, midway
between the xiphoid process and the
umbilicus.
CV 5 On the ventral midline, halfway
between the pubic symphysis and the
umbilicus.
Stomach
CV 14 Midway between CV-12 and the
xiphisternal synchondrosis, on the midline.
LR 14 On the mammary line, at the level
of the 8th intercostal space.
GB 24 In a depression ventral to the
costochondral junction at the 9th intercostal
space, caudodorsal to LR 14.
LR 13 On the lateral abdomen, just
cranioventral to the tip of the 12th rib.
CV 12 Midway between the umbilicus and
the xiphisternal synchondrosis, on the
midline.
CV 5 2 cun caudal to the umbilicus, 3 cun
cranial to the symphysis pubis, on the
midline.
Heart
Liver
Gallbladder
Triple Heater
51
GB 25 On the lateral abdomen, at the tip
of the 13th rib.
ST 25 Approximately 2 cun lateral to the
center of the umbilicus, in the rectus
abdominis m, midway between its lateral
border (linea semilunaris) and the linea
alba.
CV 4 3 cun caudal to the umbilicus, 2 cun
cranial to the symphysis pubis, on the
midline.
CV 3 4 cun caudal to the umbilicus, 1 cun
cranial to the symphysis pubis, on the
midline.
GB 25 Midway on a vertical line drawn from
the caudal border of the costochondral
junction of the 18th rib to the ventral border
of the iliocostalis m.
ST 25 1.5 cun lateral to the umbilicus.
Kidney
CV 4 3 cun caudal to the umbilicus, 2 cun
cranial to the symphysis pubis, on the
midline.
CV 3 4 cun caudal to the umbilicus on the
ventral midline.
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Urinary Bladder
52
53
54