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MEDICAL ACUPUNCTURE
FOR VETERINARIANS
Equine Point Mini-Manual
2013 Equine Mini Manual
Table of Contents
Lung (LU)
Large Intestine (LI)
Stomach (ST)
Spleen (SP)
Heart (HT)
Small Intestine (SI)
Bladder (BL)
Kidney (KI)
Pericardium (PC)
Triple Heater (TH)
Gallbladder (GB)
Liver (LR)
Conception Vessel (CV)
Governor Vessel (GV)
Extra Points
2-3
4-8
10-14
16-18
20-21
22-23
24-33
34-35
36-37
38-39
40-44
47-47
48-51
52-56
57-59
©2013 IAVMA, Inc. and Narda G. Robinson, DO, DVM, MS. All rights reserved.
1
Lung (LU)
2
Point Name & Location
Relevant Anatomy
Indications & Point Combinations
LU 1 (Zhong Fu, “Central Treasury”)
In the center of the descending pectoral muscle,
medial to the humerus, directly medial to the
cephalic vein, in the 1st intercostal space.
LU 7 (Lie Que, “Divergent Branch”)
On the medial surface of the radius, in the
crevice at the proximal end of the styloid process
of the radius.
LU 11 (Shao Shang, “Lesser Merchant”)
On the caudomedial aspect of the front foot, just
proximal to the coronary band.
NOTE: Though misnamed from a transpositional
standpoint, coronet points nonetheless have
neuromodulatory value.
Cervicothoracic spinal
nn
Local pain, reduced shoulder mobility (LU-1,
restricted locations); respiratory disorders (LU1, BL-13, BL-12)
Musculocutaneous n
Skin disorders (LU-7, LI-4, ST-36, SP-10); neck
pain (LU-7, SI-3, local neck points); carpal pain
(palpate for tender points); dental pain (LU-7,
LI-4)
Laminitis, ringbone (LU-1, local points); reduced
shoulder mobility (LU-1, restricted locations);
respiratory disorders (LU-1, BL-13, BL-12)
Median n
Nervi vasorum of
coronary venous plexus
3
Large Intestine
4
5
6
Point Name & Location
Relevant
Anatomy
Indications & Point Combinations
LI 1 (Shang Yang, “Metal Yang”)
On the craniomedial aspect of the front foot,
just proximal to the coronary band
NOTE: Though misnamed from a
transpositional standpoint, coronet points
nonetheless have neuromodulatory value.
LI 6 (Pian Li, “Veering Passageway”)
2 cun distal to LI 7 between the extensor
carpi radialis and common digital extensor
mm.
LI 7 (Wen Liu, “Warm Flow”)
Between the extensor carpi radialis and
common digital extensor mm, level with the
musculotendinous junction of the common
digital extensor m.
LI 10 (Shou San Li, “Arm Three Li”)
2 cun distal to LI 11, between the extensor
carpi radialis and common digital extensor
mm.
LI 11 (Qu Chi, “Pool at the Bend”)
At the lateral end of the cubital crease of the
flexed elbow, just cranial to the lateral
epicondyle of the humerus.
Median n
Ulnar n
Problems of the hoof and fetlock, ringbone, tendonitis,
laminitis, navicular disease (LI-1, local points, proximal
trigger points)
Nervi vasorum
of coronary
venous plexus
Radial n
Local or regional pain (LI-6, LI-7, LI-10, tender and trigger
points)
Radial n
Pain or restriction along the LI channel or forelimb (LI-7, LI10, LI-11)
Radial n
Lateral elbow pain (palpate for extensor trigger points;
other sources of local or referred pain); radial n injury (LI10, LI-11, LI-6, caudal cervical spinal n roots)
Radial n
Lateral elbow pain (palpate for extensor trigger points;
other sources of local or referred pain); radial n injury (LI10, LI-11, caudal cervical spinal nn); immune modulation
and anti-inflammation (LI-11, GV-14, ST-36); fever (LI-11,
GV-14, GV-20); hives (LI-11, BL-17, SP-10)
7
LI 15 (Jian Yu, “Shoulder Bone”)
Craniodorsal to the greater tubercle of the
humerus.
LI 16 (Ju Gu, “Great Bone”)
In a depression on the cranial border of the
scapula. At the intersection of the cranial
margin of the supraspinatus m and the
dorsal border of the brachiocephalicus m
group, cranial to the subclavius m.
LI 17 (Tian Ding, “Celestial Tripod”)
Craniodorsal to LI 16, between the transverse
processes of C5 and C6, on the dorsal border
of the brachiocephalicus m group.
LI 18 (Fu Tu, “Protuberance Assistant”)
Dorsal to the jugular v, on the ventral border
of the brachiocephalicus m group, in a
depression between C2 and C3.
LI 20 (Ying Xiang, “Welcome Fragrance”)
In a depression just caudal to the medial
accessory nasal cartilage, on the dorsal
border of the caninus m.
Suprascapular
n
Cervicothoracic
spinal nn
Shoulder joint pain (LI-15, TH-14, local trigger points);
Sweeny (LI-15, TH-14, caudal cervical spinal nn, SI-11, SI12, local points with myofascial restriction)
Anxiety (LI-16, HT-7); local pain (LI-16, local points)
Midcervical
spinal nn
Throat and neck problems (LI-17, LI-18, LU-7, CV-23)
Cranial cervical
spinal nn
Throat and neck problems (LI-17, LI-18, LU-7, CV-23)
Trigeminal n
Facial n
Nasal congestion(LI-20, Yintang/GV24.5), sinusitis (LI-20,
points pertinent to the involved sinuses)
8
9
Stomach (ST)
10
11
Stomach
(ST)
12
Point Name & Location
Relevant
Anatomy
Indications & Point Combinations
ST 1 (Cheng Qi, “Tear Container”)
Superficial location is at the intersection of the
medial and middle thirds of the lower eyelid,
with the deeper location between the
infraorbital ridge and the orbit.
ST 2 (Si Bai, “Four Whites”)
In the depression at the infraorbital foramen.
Trigeminal n
Facial n
Ocular pain, conjunctivitis, keratitis, recurrent uveitis (ST-1,
TH-23, GB-1, BL-2, other points depending on location of
pain), facial n paralysis (ST-1 if facial n injury affects lower
lid, follow injured n brr)
Infraorbital n
(CN V)
Maxillofacial pain (ST-2); nasal congestion (ST-2, LI-20);
head-shakers (ST-2, BL-10, painful points)
ST 4 (Di Cang, “Earth Granary”)
Caudodorsal to the commissure of the mouth,
on the caudal border of the orbicularis oris m.
ST 7 (Xia Guan, “Below the Joint”)
In a depression on the masseter m,
cranioventral to the temporomandibular joint
(TMJ).
ST 10 (Shui Tu, “Water Prominence”)
In the brachiocephalicus m, just dorsal to the
jugular groove, cranioventral to the junction of
C5 and C6. Often sore with lameness
problems.
ST 25 (Tian Shu, “Celestial Pivot”)
1.5 cun lateral to the umbilicus.
Trigeminal n
Facial n
Facial n injury affecting labial function (ST-4, TH-17);
orofacial pain (ST-4, ST-2)
Trigeminal n
Facial n
TMJ pain (ST-7, SI-18, local and cervical points), dental pain
(ST-7, LI-4, LU-7), ear pain (ST-7, GB-2, GB-20), facial n
paralysis (ST-7, TH-17, follow involved branches of the
facial n)
Difficulty breathing or swallowing, laryngeal hemiplegia
(ST-10, CV-22, LI-18); stiff neck (ST-10, LI-16, LI-17, SI-16,
and/or local tender or trigger points); shoulder pain (ST-10,
LI-15, TH-14, SI-9, trigger points)
Midcervical
spinal nn
Caudal
intercostal nn
Abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, intestinal cramping,
motility dysregulation (ST-25, ST-36, BL-20, BL-21)
13
ST 35 (Du Bi, “Calf’s Nose”)
In the depression below the patella and
between the middle and lateral patellar
ligaments; together with the medial Xiyan,
these two points make up the "eyes of the
knee".
ST 36 (Zu San Li, “Leg 3 Miles”)
Just lateral to the tibial crest in the body of the
tibialis cranialis m, 2 cun distal to the proximal
edge of the tibial plateau or 3 cun distal to ST
35 (Some suggest locating ST 36 in the groove
between the tibialis cranialis and long digital
extensor mm).
ST 45 (Li Dui, “Strict Exchange”)
On the cranial midline of the rear foot, just
proximal to the coronary band
NOTE: Though misnamed from a
transpositional standpoint, coronet points
nonetheless have neuromodulatory value.
Femoral n
Stifle pain (ST-35/Xiyan, ST-34, ST-36, SP-10, SP-9 along
with points contributing to pain referred to the stifle joint)
Fibular n
Stifle pain (ST-35, ST-34, ST-36, SP-10, SP-9);
gastrointestinal problems and motility issues (ST-36),
immunomodulation/anti-inflammation (ST-36, LI-4, LI-11,
GV-14); pelvic limb dysfunction (ST-36, relevant
neuromuscular, peripheral nn, and spinal segments)
Tibial n
Fibular nn
Anxiety (ST-45, HT-7, LI-16, BaiHui), laminitis, ringbone,
local hoof problem (ST-45, local points)
Nervi vasorum
of coronary
venous plexus
14
15
Spleen (SP)
16
Point Name & Location
Relevant
Anatomy
Indications & Point Combinations
SP 1 (Yin Bai, “Hidden White”)
On the caudomedial aspect of the rear
foot, just proximal to the coronary band.
NOTE: Though misnamed from a
transpositional standpoint, coronet
points nonetheless have
neuromodulatory value.
SP 6 (San Yin Jiao, “Three Yin
Intersection”)
3 cun proximal to the tip of the medial
malleolus, just caudal to the tibia, where
the caudal branch of the saphenous v
crosses the caudal border of the tibia.
SP 9 (Yin Ling Quan, “Yin Mound Spring”)
In the depression caudodistal to the
medial condyle of the tibia.
Tibial n
Fibular n
Laminitis (SP-1, local points), uterine bleeding (SP-1, BaiHui,
BL-27, SP-10)
SP 10 (Xue Hai, “Sea of Blood”)
2 cun proximal to the proximal, medial
border of the patella, in the depression in
the belly of the vastus medialis m.
Femoral n
Saphenous n
Nervi vasorum of
coronary venous
plexus
Tibial n
Pelvic problems, voiding dysfunction, or reproductive
dysfunction (SP-6, KI-3, relevant lumbosacral spinal segments);
diarrhea (SP-6, ST-25, ST-36, BL-21); edema (SP-6, SP-9, SP-21)
Saphenous n
Tibial n
Stifle pain (SP-9, ST-34, ST-36, SP-10, consider Xiyan, BL-40, or
other points producing pain or dysfunction); edema of the
hind limb (SP-9, SP-6); genital pain (SP-6, SP-9, BL-23, BL-31,
BL-32, BL33, BaiHui); edema or "stocking up", (SP-9, SP-6, SP21), abnormal estrus (SP-9, SP-6, ST-36, BL-22, BL-23, BaiHui)
Stifle pain (SP-9, ST-34, ST-36, SP-10); reproductive disorders
(SP-6, SP-10, BL-23, BL-31, BL-32, BL33, BaiHui);erythematous,
pruritic skin conditions (SP-10, LI-4, LI-11, ST-36, GV-14)
17
SP 20 (Zhou Rong, “Encircling Glory”)
In the 4th intercostal space, 2 cun (about
4 finger widths) ventral to the level of the
scapulohumeral junction, under the
triceps brachii m. The olecranon often
coincides with the 4th intercostal space.
SP 21 (Da Bao, “Great Wrapping”)
On the lateral thorax, in the 10th
intercostal space, at about the level of
the scapulohumeral junction.
th
4 intercostal,
long thoracic,
and pectoral nn
th
10 intercostal,
long thoracic nn
Cough (SP-20, LU-1, BL-13, LU-7), thoracic wall pain (SP-20,
palpate for other tender or trigger points), esophageal spasm
(SP-20, CV-22, CV-14, BL-18, BL-19, ST-36)
Thoracic or chest wall pain (SP-21, palpate for tender or trigger
points), respiratory ailments (SP-21, LU-1, BL-13, BL-23, ST-36,
GV-14), heaves/COPD (SP-21, BL-20, BL-23, LU-7, GV-14, BL13, LU-1, CV-17),excessive urges to stretch (SP-21, palpate for
trigger points, especially within the latissimus dorsi m and
along the back
18
19
eart (HT)
Heart (HT)
20
Point Name & Location
Relevant Anatomy
Indications & Point Combinations
HT 1 (Ji Quan, “Summit Spring”)
In the center of the axilla, medial to the axillary a.
Brachial plexus
Brachial plexopathy (HT-1, follow injured nerve
pathways and muscular destinations)
HT 7 (Shen Men, “Spirit Gate”)
On the caudal lateral aspect of the radius, proximal
to the insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris m onto the
accessory carpal bone.
HT 9 (Shao Chong, “Lesser Rushing”)
On the caudolateral aspect of the front foot, just
proximal to the coronary band
NOTE: Though misnamed from a transpositional
standpoint, coronet points nonetheless have
neuromodulatory value.
Ulnar n
Emotional stress/anxiety (HT-7, ST-36, GV-20)
Median n
Ulnar n
Inflammation of the heel, laminitis (HT-9, local
points), fever (HT-9, GV-14, GV-20, LI-11, ST-36);
coma (HT-9, GV-20, Yintang)
Nervi vasorum of
coronary venous
plexus
21
Small Intestine (SI)
Small Intestine (SI)
22
Point Name & Location
Relevant
Anatomy
Indications & Point Combinations
SI 1 (Shao Ze, “Lesser Marsh”)
On the craniolateral aspect of the front foot, just
proximal to the coronary band
NOTE: Though misnamed from a transpositional
standpoint, coronet points nonetheless have
neuromodulatory value.
SI 3 (Hou Xi, “Back Stream”)
In a depression, distal to the end of the 4th
metacarpal bone and proximal to the fetlock, on
the caudolateral border of the 3rd metacarpal
bone. [Point location not transpositionally accurate
and will be relocated.]
SI 9 (Jian Zhen, “True Shoulder”)
In a large depression caudal to the proximal
humerus, along the caudal border of the deltoid m,
between the long and lateral heads of the triceps
brachii m.
SI 16 (Tian Chuang, “Celestial Window”)
Between the 2nd and 3rd cervical vertebrae, in the
groove that exists between the splenius m and the
dorsal border of the brachiocephalicus m.
SI 19 (Ting Gong, “Palace of Hearing”)
Dorsal to the temporomandibular joint, ventral to
the intertragic notch, in the depression at the
rostromedial corner of the ear base.
Ulnar n
Median n
Laminitis (SI-1, other local points), poor milk
production (SI-1, ST-36, CV-17, LR-14, PC-6)
Nervi vasorum
of the coronary
venous plexus
Ulnar n
Median n
Axillary n
Radial n
Cranial cervical
spinal nn
Trigeminal n
Facial n
Neck pain (SI-3, BL-62, BL-10, local tender points);
fetlock pain, carpal pain, "shins"/metacarpal
periostitis (SI-3, local tender or trigger points);
tendinitis (SI-3, follow involved tendon(s), associated
trigger points, nerve supply)
Shoulder or thoracic limb pain (SI-9, treat source of
pain (TH-14, LI-15 for joint pain; trigger points for soft
tissue pain, consider spinal n contribution)); paresis
(SI-9, pertinent spinal n points, involved peripheral
nerves, add distal points)
Cranial neck pain (SI-16, TH-16, BL-10, other involved
painful locations)
Otitis media and externa (SI-19, TH-17, TH-20); TMJ
pain (SI-19, SI-18, temporalis trigger points, BL-10),
facial n injury affected the rostral auricular m (SI-19,
TH-17, other appropriate nerve-related points)
23
Bladder (BL)
24
25
26
Point Name & Location
Relevant
Anatomy
Indications & Point Combinations
BL 1 (Jing Ming, “Bright Eyes”)
Just dorsal to the medial
canthus of the eye.
BL 2 (Zan Zhu, “Gathered
Bamboo”)
In a depression at the medial
end of the zygomatic process
of the frontal bone, over the
supraorbital foramen.
BL 10 (Tian Zhu, “Celestial
Pillar”)
Approximately 2 cun lateral to
the dorsal midline, in a
depression caudal to the
dorsal aspect of the cranial
border of the wing of the atlas,
between the
brachiocephalicus and the
splenius mm.
BL 11 (Da Zhu, “Great
Shuttle”)
In a depression just cranial to
the craniodorsal border of the
scapular cartilage, 1.5 cun
lateral to the dorsal midline,
over the cervical part of the
trapezius m.
Trigeminal n
Facial n
Epiphora, lacrimal duct dysfunction (BL-1, ST-2)
Trigeminal n
Facial n
Eye pain, ocular problems, keratoconjunctivitis sicca (BL-2, TH-23, GB-1;
add points for referred pain; consider ST-36, BL-10 for additional vagal
input)
Cranial cervical
nn
Cervical pain, tension (BL-10, local trigger points, GV-14, BL points on the
back, ST-36); headache (BL-10, GV-20, local trigger and tender points);
vertigo (BL-10, GB-20, TH-20, GB-34, GV-20, local tender points); nasal
obstruction (BL-10, LI-20, Yintang); head shaking and pain near the poll or
upper cervical region (BL-10, TH-16, GV-20, ST-10, trigger points)
Cervico-thoracic
spinal nn
Tension and pain locally or regionally (BL-11 and local tender/trigger points
27
BL 12 (Feng Men, “Wind
Gate”)
1 cun lateral to the spinous
process between the 4th and
5th thoracic vertebrae, at the
highest point of the withers.
BL 13 (Fei Shu, “Lung Shu”)
Lateral to the dorsal midline,
at the caudal edge of the
scapular cartilage in the 8th
intercostal space, between the
longissimus thoracis and
iliocostalis thoracis mm.
BL 14 (Jue Yin Shu, “Reverting
Yin Shu”)
Lateral to the dorsal midline in
th
the 9 intercostal space,
between the longissimus
thoracis and iliocostalis
thoracis mm.
BL 15 (Xin Shu, “Heart Shu”)
th
Same as BL 14 but in the 10
intercostal space.
BL 16 (Du Shu, “Governing
Shu”)
th
Same as BL 14 but in the 11
intercostal space.
Cervico-thoracic
spinal nn
Early upper respiratory illness or lung problem (BL-12, BL-13, LU-1, LU-7);
tracheal irritation (BL-12, CV-22); neck pain (BL-12, GV-14, BL-10, BL-23,
relevant trigger points)
Midthoracic
spinal nn
Respiratory problems and congestion (BL-13, LU-1, GV-14, ST-36); local
pain (address trigger points; thoracic limb pain (BL-13, painful and trigger
points)
Midthoracic
spinal nn
Heart palpitations (BL-14, BL-15, PC-6); local pain
Midthoracic
spinal nn
Heart problems (BL-14, BL-15, PC-6); local pain; anxiety (BL-15, CV-17, HT7, GV-20, LR-3)
Midthoracic
spinal nn
Local pain (use in conjunction with other trigger points or areas of
myofascial restriction); diaphragmatic restriction (BL-16, BL-17, CV-22, CV15)
28
BL 17 (Ge Shu, “Diaphragm
Shu”)
th
Same as BL 14 but in the 12
intercostal space.
BL 18 (Gan Shu, “Liver Shu”)
th
Same as BL 14 but in the 13
th
and 14 intercostal spaces.
BL 19 (Dan Shu, “Gall Bladder
Shu”)
th
Same as BL 14 but in the 15
intercostal space.
BL 20 (Pi Shu, “Spleen Shu”)
th
Same as BL 14 but in the 17
(last) intercostal space.
BL 21 (Wei Shu, “Stomach
Shu”)
Same as BL 14 but caudal to
the last rib, between T18 and
L1.
BL 22 (San Jiao Shu, “Triple
Burner Shu”)
Same as BL 14 but caudal to
the last rib, between L1 and
L2.
BL 23 (Shen Shu, “Kidney
Shu”)
Same as BL 14 but caudal to
the last rib, between L2 and L3
Midthoracic
spinal nn
Hiccoughs, spasmodic coughs (BL-17, CV-15, CV-22); local pain (use in
conjunction with other trigger points or areas of myofascial restriction);
blood disorders (BL-17, SP-10, ST-36)
Midthoracic
spinal nn
Hepatobiliary problems (BL-18, LR-14, ST-36); local pain (use in conjunction
with other trigger points or areas of myofascial restriction)
Mid- to caudal
thoracic spinal
nn
Hepatobiliary problems (BL-19, GB-24, GB-34); local pain (use in
conjunction with other trigger points or areas of myofascial restriction)
Caudal
thoracic spinal
nn
Thoracolumbar
spinal nn
Digestive problems, poor appetite, or diarrhea (BL-20, BL-21, BL-25, ST-36,
CV-12); TL pain (BL-20, BL-21, paraspinal or midline areas of tenderness to
palpation; check LS/BaiHui region as well)
Digestive problems, poor appetite, or diarrhea (BL-20, BL-21, ST-25, ST-36,
CV-12); TL pain (BL-20, BL-21, paraspinal or midline areas of tenderness to
palpation; check LS/BaiHui region as well)
Thoracolumbar Abdominal distension with fluid accumulation (BL-22, CV-5, KI-16); adrenal
problems (BL-22, BL-23, BL-52); TL pain (BL-22, BL-21, paraspinal or
spinal nn
midline areas of tenderness to palpation; check LS/BaiHui region as well)
Thoracolumbar Kidney problems (BL-23, GB-25, KI-3, GV-4); genitourinary disorders (BL-23,
BL-28, BL-31, BL-33, CV-3, KI-3, SP-6); lumbar and pelvic pain (BL-23, BL-25,
spinal nn
BaiHui, SP-6, local pain or trigger points, BL-60, KI-3)
29
BL 24 (Qi Hai Shu, “Sea of Qi
Shu”)
Same as BL 14 but caudal to
the last rib, between L4 and L5.
BL 25 (Da Chang Shu, “Large
Intestine Shu”)
Between L5 and L6 (or
between L4 and L5 if L6 is
absent), usually on a line that
extends from the dorsal
midline to the dorsal borderof
the tuber coxae.
BL 26 (Guan Yuan Shu, “Pass
Head Shu”)
3 cun lateral to the dorsal
midline, between the spinous
processes L6 and S1, or
between L5 and S1 if L6 is
absent.
BL 27 (Xiao Chang Shu, “Small
Intestine Shu”)
3 cun lateral to the dorsal
midline, between the spinous
processes S1 and S2.
BL 28 (Pang Guang Shu,
“Bladder Shu”)
3 cun lateral to the dorsal
midline, between the spinous
processes S2 and S3.
Mid-lumbar
spinal nn
Local pain (BL-24, areas tender to palpation, trigger points, BaiHui, BL-27)
Mid-lumbar
spinal nn
Intestinal pain, distension, poor digestion, constipation, diarrhea (BL-21,
BL-20, BL-25, ST-25, ST-36); lumbosacral pain (BL-25, BaiHui, other tender
points)
Caudal lumbar
spinal nn
Back or pelvic limb pain (BL-26, BaiHui, other tender points, address
myofascial dysfunction and peripheral nerve involvement); genitourinary
disorders (BL-26, BL-28, BL-23, SP-6, LR 1)
S1 spinal n
Genitourinary problems, including incontinence, cystitis, prostatitis,
impotence (BL-27, BL-28, BL-23, BaiHui, KI-3, SP-6, CV-3); small intestine
issues (BL-27, CV-4, ST-36), sacral pain (BL-27, local tender points, BL-25)
S2 spinal n
Genitourinary problems, including incontinence, cystitis, prostatitis,
impotence (BL-27, BL-28, BL-23, BaiHui, KI-3, SP-6, CV-3); small intestine
issues (BL-27, CV-4, ST-36); sacral pain (BL-27, BL-28, local tender points);
anorectal disorders (BL-28, GV-1, GB-30)
30
BL 29 (Zhong Lu Shu, “Central
Backbone Shu”)
3 cun lateral to the dorsal
midline, between the spinous
processes S3 and S4.
BL 30 (Bai Huan Shu, “White
Ring Shu”)
3 cun lateral to the dorsal
midline, between the spinous
processes S4 and S5.
BL 36 (Cheng Fu, “Hold and
Support”)
In the muscular groove
between the biceps femoris
and semitendinosus mm, 2 cun
distal to the tuber ischii (ischial
tuber).
BL 37 (Yin Men, “Gate of
Abundance”)
In the muscular groove
between the biceps femoris
and the semitendinosus mm, 5
cun distal to the tuber ischii
(ischial tuber) or 3 cun distal to
BL 36.
S3 spinal n
Genitourinary problems, including incontinence, cystitis, prostatitis,
impotence (BL-27 to BL-29, BL-23, BaiHui, KI-3, SP-6, CV-3), sacral pain
(local sacral points, lumbosacral, distal pelvic limb points); anorectal
disorders (BL-29, GV-1, GB-30)
S4 spinal n
Genitourinary problems, including incontinence, cystitis, prostatitis,
impotence (BL-27 to BL-30, BL-23, BaiHui, KI-3, SP-6, CV-3), sacral pain
(local sacral points, lumbosacral, distal pelvic limb points); anorectal
disorders (BL-30, GV-1, GB-30)
Sciatic n
Sciatic neuralgia or nerve injury (BL-36, BL-26, BL-27, BL-40, BL-39, KI-3);
hamstring mm tension/myofascial restriction (BL-36, myofascial tender
points)
Caudal
cutaneous
femoral n,
sciatic n
Sciatic neuralgia or nerve injury (BL-37, BL-26, BL-27, BL-40, BL-39, KI-1);
hamstring mm tension/myofascial restriction (BL-37, myofascial tender
points)
31
BL 39 (Wei Yang, “Outside of
the Crook”)
At the ventral end of the
muscular groove, between the
middle and caudal divisions of
the biceps femoris m(Note:
This point location differs from
the canine point location).
BL 40 (Wei Zhong, “Middle of
the Crook”)
At the midpoint of the
transverse crease of the
popliteal fossa between the
caudal division of the biceps
femoris and the
semitendinosus mm. This
point is found more easily with
the stifle flexed.
BL 54 (Zhi Bian, “Sequential
Limit”)
Midway on a line connecting
BaiHui and the greater
trochanter of the femur.
Fibular n
Pelvic limb pain or paresis (BL-39, relevant trigger points or points related
to the neurologic or spinal cord injury); urinary retention (BL-39, KI-3, SP-6,
BL-28, BL-23)
Tibial n
Pelvic limb pain or paresis (BL-40, relevant trigger points or points related
to the neurologic or spinal cord injury); urinary retention (BL-40, KI-3, SP-6,
BL-28, BL-23); stifle pain (BL-40, ST-36, ST-34, SP-9, SP-10)
Cranial gluteal n
Dorsal rami of
sacral spinal nn
Hip or gluteal pain (BL-54, GB-29, GB-30); sciatic n. dysfunction (BL-54, GB30, BL-36, BL-40, BL-39, BL-60, KI-3)
32
BL 60 (Kun Lun, “Kunlun
Mountains”)
In the middle of the flat
depression caudodorsal to the
lateral malleolus, cranial to the
calcaneal tendon at the level
of the tip of the tuber
calcaneus.
BL 62 (Shen Mai, “Extending
Vessel”)
In a depression just
caudodistal to the tip of lateral
malleolus.
BL 67 (Zhi Yin, “Reaching Yin”)
On the caudolateral aspect of
the rear foot, just proximal to
the coronary band
NOTE: Though misnamed from
a transpositional standpoint,
coronet points nonetheless
have neuromodulatory value.
Fibular n
Tibial n
Spinal or pelvic limb pain (BL-60, local points and myofascial trigger points
related to the pain problem)
Fibular n
Tibial n
Tarsal pain (BL-62, local points and myofascial trigger points related to the
pain problem)
Fibular n
Tibial n
Malposition of the fetus (BL-67); placental retention (BL-67, BL-31, BL-33,
BaiHui); hoof, back, and hock problems (BL-67, local points, BL-60)
Nervi vasorum
of coronary
venous plexus
33
Kidney (KI)
t
34
Point Name & Location
Relevant
Anatomy
Indications & Point Combinations
KI 1 (Yong Quan, “Gushing Spring”)
On the caudal midline of the rear foot, in the depression
between the bulbs of the heel
NOTE: Though misnamed from a transpositional
standpoint, coronet points nonetheless have
neuromodulatory value.
KI 3 (Tai Xi, “Supreme Stream”)
In the middle of the flat depression caudodorsal to the
medial malleolus, cranial to the calcaneal tendon at the
level of the tip of the tuber calcaneus.
KI 27 (Shu Fu, “Storehouse Transport”)
Over the descending pectoral m, 1 cun ventral and lateral
to the tip of the manubrium.
Tibial n
Fibularn
Heel pain (KI-1, local points); pain or swelling
of the pes (KI-1, SP-6); neurologic dysfunction
of the pelvic limb (KI-1, ST-36, related
peripheral nerve problems and spinal
segments)
Nervi vasorum of
the coronary
venous plexus
Tibial n
Cervicothoracic
spinal nn
Urinary problems (KI-3, SP-6, BL-23, BL-28, CV3, BaiHui); reproductive problems (KI-3, SP-6,
SP-10, BaiHui, BL-27, BL-28, GV-20)
Fear, anxiety, irritability (KI-27, LI-16, HT7);esophageal disorders (KI-27, ST-36, CV-17,
CV-14)
35
Pericardium (PC)
36
Point Name & Location
Relevant
Anatomy
Indications & Point Combinations
PC 1 (Tian Chi, “Celestial
Pool”)
On the lateral thorax, caudal
to the tip of the olecranon,
th
in the 5 intercostal space,
in the ascending pectoral m.
PC 6 (Nei Guan, “Inner
Pass”)
Enter just cranial to the
cranial border of the
chestnut; needle is placed
under the chestnut.
PC 9 (Zhong Chong, “Middle
Rushing”)
On the caudal midline of the
front foot, in the depression
between the bulbs of the
heel.
Cranial thoracic
spinal nn
Anxiety (PC-1, HT-7), thoracic discomfort or sensation of fullness (PC-1, SP-20,
SP-21), axillary swelling (PC-1, SP-21), foot pain with biomechanical
compensation and tension (PC-1, PC-9, local tender and tense points),
"girthiness" (PC-1, intercostal trigger points, SP-20, other areas of tension,
paraspinal trigger points, address poor-fitting tack, consider digestive
problems)
Nausea and vomiting (PC-6), cardiac arrhythmias (PC-6, HT-7), disorders of the
cranial GI tract (PC-6, ST-36), agitation (PC-6, HT-7, LR-3, GV-20)
Median n
Median n
Ulnar n
Foot pain (PC-9, local points)
Nervi vasorum
of the coronary
venous plexus
37
Triple Heater (TH)
38
Point Name & Location
Relevant Anatomy
Indications & Point Combinations
TH 1 (Guan Chong, “Rushing Pass”)
On the cranial midline of the front foot, in a depression
just proximal to the coronary band
NOTE: Though misnamed from a transpositional
standpoint, coronet points nonetheless have
neuromodulatory value.
TH 14 (Jian Liao, “Shoulder Crevice”)
Caudodorsal to the caudal aspect of the greater tubercle
of the humerus, on the ventral border of the
musculotendinous junction of the infraspinatus m,
opposite LI 15.
TH 15 (Tian Liao, “Celestial Crevice”)
In the depression along the dorsal edge of the scapula at
its junction with the scapular cartilage. This point overlies
the cervical part of the trapezius m.
TH 16 (Tian You, “Celestial Window”)
Between C1 and C2 on the dorsal border of the
brachiocephalicus m.
TH 17 (Yi Feng, “Wind Screen”)
In a depression between the mandible and the cranial
border of the wing of the atlas.
Median n
Ulnar n
Foot pain (TH-1, points related to
sources of foot pain)
Nervi vasorum of
coronary venous
plexus
Suprascapular n
Axillary n
Spinal accessory n
Cervicothoracic spinal
nn
Shoulder pain (TH-14, TH-15, LI-15,
local tension or pain points);
suprascapular n injury (TH-14, LI-15, SI11, SI-12, caudal cervical ventral nerve
root points)
Shoulder pain (TH-14, TH-15, LI-15,
local tension or pain points)
Cervical plexus
Neck pain (TH-16, BL-10, trigger points)
Facial n
Cranial cervical spinal
nn
Facial n injury (TH-17, relevant facial n
branches/associated points)
39
Gallbladder (GB)
40
41
42
Point Name & Location
Relevant
Anatomy
Indications & Point Combinations
GB 1 (Tong Zi Liao, “Pupil Crevice”)
In the depression just caudal to the
lateral canthus of the eye.
GB 20 (Feng Chi, “Wind Pool”)
In a depression caudal to the occipital
condyle, cranial to the wing of the
atlas.
GB 21 (Jian Jing, “Shoulder Well”)
Along the cranial edge of the scapula,
halfway between BL11 and the point
of the shoulder, cranial to the
subclavius m.
GB 24 (Ri Yue, “Sun and Moon”)
th
In the 14 intercostal space, just
caudodorsal to LR 14 (Some authors
th
place the point in the 13 intercostal
space).
GB 25 (Jing Men, “Capital Gate”)
Midway on a vertical line drawn from
the caudal border of the
th
costochondral junction of the 18 rib
to the ventral border of the
iliocostalis mm.
Trigeminal n
Facial n
Eye pain, dry eye (TH-23, GB-1, BL-2, BL-10, ST-36); facial n injury (TH17, GB-1, relevant facial n branches/associated points)
Upper cervical
spinal nn
Early URI (GB-20, GV-14, LI-4, LU-7); head/neck pain (GB-20, BL-10,
tender and local points), eye problems (GB-20, GV-20, local eye points),
vertigo (GB-20, BL-10, GV-20, GB-34, TH-17, Yintang); wobblers (GB-20,
local cervical points, GB-21, GV-14, SI-3, BL-23
Local or regional muscle tension (GB-21, local tender or trigger points);
thoracic limb dysfunction (involvement of local mm identified via
palpation)
Cervicothoracic
nn
Lateral thoracic Hepatobiliary problems (GB-24, LR-14, ST-36); intercostal neuralgia (GBth
n, 14
24, tender local points); regional pain (GB-24, local tender or trigger
intercostal n
points)
T/L spinal nn
Kidney problems (GB-25, BL-23, BL-52, GV-4); regional pain (GB-25, local
points)
43
GB 29 (Ju Liao, “Squatting BoneSacral spinal nn Hip problems (GB-29, GB-30, BL-54, local tender or trigger points)
Hole”)
Caudal gluteal n
In a depression halfway between the
tuber coxae and the greater
trochanter of the femur (Alternate
location: craniodorsal to the head of
the femur).
GB 30 (Huan Tiao, “Jumping Round”)
Sciatic n
Hip problems (GB-29, GB-30, BL-54, local tender or trigger
In a depression caudoventral to the
Caudal gluteal n
points); sciatic n dysfunction (GB-30, BL-54, BL-36, BL-37, BLgreater trochanter of the femur, in the
39, BL-40); sciatic pain (GB-30, BL-26, BL-27, BaiHui, BL-37, STbiceps femoris m.
36, BL-60)
GB 34 (Yang Ling Quan, “Yang Mound
Fibular n
Stifle pain (GB-34, GB-33, ST-36, SP-9, SP-10);
Spring”
musculotendinous pain or tension (GB-34 plus local tender
In the interosseous space between the
points); hepatobiliary disorders (GB-34, GB-24, LR-14, BL-19,
tibia and fibula, between the long and
BL-18); lateral pelvic limb or hip discomfort (GB-34, regional
lateral digital extensor mm, craniodistal
points)
to the head of the fibula.
GB 39 (Xuan Zhong, “Suspended Bell”)
Fibular n
Pelvic limb pain, movement problems and/or stiffness (GB-39,
3 cun proximal to the tip of the lateral
local points, regional points, tender points); bone marrow
malleolus, caudal to the tibial border,
disorders (GB-39, ST-36, BL-17)
cranial to the deep digital flexor m
GB 44 (Zu Qiao Yin, “Yin Portals of the
Fibular n
Local foot pain (GB-44 plus local or tender points)
Foot”)
On the craniolateral aspect of the rear
Nervi vasorum of
foot, just proximal to the coronary band. coronary venous
NOTE: Though misnamed from a
plexus
transpositional standpoint, coronet
points nonetheless have
neuromodulatory value.
44
45
Liver (LR)
46
Point Name & Location
Relevant
Anatomy
Indications & Point Combinations
LR 1 (Da Dun, “Big Mound”)
On the craniomedial aspect of the
rear foot, just proximal to the
coronary band.
Tibial n
Fibular n
Foot pain or dysfunction (LR-1, other appropriate points depending on
distribution of pain, neurologic impairment, circulatory deficit, etc.)
NOTE: Though misnamed from a
transpositional standpoint, coronet
points nonetheless have
neuromodulatory value.
LR 4 (Zhong Feng, “Mound
Center”)
Over the saphenous vein, at the
level of the medial malleolus of the
tibia.
LR 13 (Zhang Men, “Screen Gate”)
At the distal palpable end of the
th
17 rib.
LR 14 (Qi Men, “Cycle Gate”)
th
th
In the 13 (some say the 12 )
intercostal space at the level of the
elbow, between the external
abdominal oblique m and the
internal and external intercostal
mm.
Nervi vasorum
of the coronary
venous plexus
Saphenous n
Fibular n
Local pain (LR-4 plus related points according to problem); genital
inflammation or pain (LR-4, SP-6, BL-25, BL-27, BaiHui); endocrine and
metabolic disorders (LR-3, LI-4, ST-36, appropriate visceral spinal
segmental points)
Caudal thoracic
spinal nn
Abdominal discomfort and digestive disorders (LR-13, ST-36, Back Shu
points according to problem, CVC-12, SP-6)
Mid- to caudal
thoracic spinal
nn
Digestive problems, vomiting, abdominal swelling, borborygmus,
diarrhea (LR-14, ST-36, SP-6, CV-12); hiccups (LR-14, CV-15, CV-22, BL17 (consider acupressure at these sites); hepatobiliary problems (LR-14,
GB-24, BL18, BL-19, ST-36)
47
Conception
Vessel (CV)
48
49
Conception Vessel (CV)
50
Point Name & Location
Relevant
Anatomy
Indications & Point Combinations
CV 1 (Hui Yin, “Meeting of Yin”
On the midline, midway between the anus and
vulva (females) or anus and ischial arch (males).
CV 3 (Zhong Ji, “Central Pole”)
4 cun caudal to the umbilicus on the midline.
Sacral spinal nn
Emergency resuscitation of a drowned patient (CV-1,
GV-26); Genitourinary problems (CV-1, CV-3, BL-23, BL28, KI-3, SP-6)
Genitourinary, especially bladder, problems (CV-1, CV-3,
BL-23, BL-28, KI-3, SP-6)
CV 4 (Guan Yuan, “Gate of Origin”)
3 cun caudal to the umbilicus on the midline.
Cranial to
midlumbar spinal
nn
Cranial lumbar
spinal nn
Uterine problems (CV-4, BL-31 to BL-33, SP-6, LR-8);
caudal abdominal pain (CV-4, SP-6)
Caudal thoracic
spinal nn
Peri-umbilical abdominal pain and digestive disorders
(CV-12, ST-25, ST-36)
Mid- to caudal
thoracic spinal nn
Anxiety (CV-14, HT-7, LR-3, GV-20); palpitations, emesis,
or emotional problems upsetting the stomach (CV-14,
PC-6, LR-3)
Anxiety, stress, or cardiac problems (CV-17, BL-14, BL15, GV-20, HT-7); coughing, chest discomfort (CV-17,
LU-1, BL-13, LU-7; consider LI-4, LU-5)
CV 5 (Shi Men, “Stone Gate”)
Midway between the pubic symphysis and the
umbilicus.
CV 12 (Zhong Guan, “Middle Cavity”)
Midway between the xiphoid process and
umbilicus.
CV 14 (Ju Que, “Great Tower Gate”)
On the midline at about the level of the xiphoid.
CV 17 (Shan Zhong, “Chest Center”)
On the ventral midline, in a large depression at
the level of the caudal border of the olecranon.
Midlumbar spinal
nn
Cranial thoracic
spinal nn
Caudal abdominal pain (CV-5, ST-36); ascites (CV-5, BL22, ST-25, SP-9)
51
Governor
Vessel (GV)
52
53
54
Point Name & Location
Relevant
Anatomy
Indications & Point Combinations
GV T (Wei Jian, Tip of Tail)
Directly at the tip of the tail.
Caudal nn
GV 1 (Chang Qiang, “Long Strong”)
In the depression between the anus
and ventral tail base.
BaiHui (Hundred Convergences)
A depression on the dorsal midline
in the LS space.
Sacral spinal nn
Caudal nerve damage (GV-T, points related to injured spinal and
peripheral n injury); spinal cord injury (GV-T, BL points associated with
impacted spinal cord segments, associated peripheral nn); fecal
incontinence (GVT or points at lateral aspect of tail where spinal nn
exit)
Diarrhea (GV-1), fecal incontinence (GV-1, BL39, GVT), rectal prolapse
(GV-1, BaiHui), ejaculatory problems (GV-1, BaiHui, BL-27, BL-28)
GV 4 (Ming Men, “Life Gate”)
Between L2 and L3, level with BL-23
on the midline.
Cranial lumbar
spinal nn
GV 14 (Da Zhui, “Great Vertebra”)
Between C7 and T1 on the dorsal
midline.
Cervicothoracic
spinal nn
Lumbosacral
spinal nn
Back pain, lameness, weakness, colic, reproductive problems (include in
a variety of caudal body protocols); lumbosacral pain (BaiHui, local
tender or trigger points, BL-40, BL-60), pelvic limb pain or neurologic
dysfunction (BaiHui, relevant points for pain or neurologic dysfunction),
pelvic organ or reproductive problems (BaiHui, BL-27, BL-28, SP-6, KI-3)
Lumbar pain (GV-4, BaiHui, BL-23, local lumbar tender and trigger
points, BL-40, BL-60), acupuncture analgesia for pelvic region (GV-4, BL23, BL-25, BaiHui, SP-6), genitourinary and reproductive dysfunction
(GV-4, BL-27, BL-28, SP-6, BaiHui)
Neck and back pain (GV-14, spinal segmental and tender or trigger
points), thoracic limb pain and weakness (GV-14, pertinent points
according to neurologic injury or pain), respiratory problems (GV-14,
BL-13, LU-1, LU-7, ST-36), epilepsy (GV-14, GV-20, ST-36, LR-3, HT-3),
fever (GV-14, LI-4, LI-11, GV-20), immunologic dysfunction (GV-14, LI-4,
ST-36, SP-10)
55
GV 20 (Bai Hui, “100 Convergences”
On the dorsal midline, at the highest
point of the poll, rostral to the
nuchal crest.
Trigeminal n
Cranial cervical
nn
Da Feng Men [= GV 24 plus 2
auxiliary points] “The Great Wind
Gate”.
Trigeminal n
Facial n
Agitation (GV-20, HT-7, LR-2), epilepsy (GV-20, ST-36, HT-7, PC-6, local
head and neck points), headaches (GV-20, local points), dizziness (GV20, BL-10 or GB-20, GB-34, LR-3), cerebrovascular accident (GV-20,
pertinent points related to neurologic dysfunction and brain area(s)
affected)
Anxiety, seizures, encephalitis (GV-24 or Da Feng Men, ST-36, ST-10, BL10, BaiHui)
Trigeminal n
Facial n
Cardiopulmonary collapse (vigorous stimulation of GV-26), status
epilepticus (GV-26)
GV 24 (Shen Ting, “Courtyard of the
Spirit”)
At the rostral base of the forelock
where the left and right ridges of
the external sagittal crest of the
parietal bones meet at the midline
Auxiliary points
1 cun ventrolateral to GV 24 on the
left and right ridges of the sagittal
crest
GV 26 (Shui Gou, “Water Trough”)
On the upper lip, midway between
the ventral border of the nares.
56
57
Extra
Points
58
Point Name & Location
Relevant
Anatomy
Indications & Point Combinations
Er Jian (“Tip of the Ear”) [vs. LI 2, Er Jian, “Second Space”]
Overlying the caudal auricular vein on the external (convex) aspect of
the pinna.
Facial n
Vagus n
San Jiang (“Three Rivers”)
Rostroventral to the medial canthus of the eye, dorsal to the
bifurcation of the angular vein (angularis oculi).
Xue Fu (“Blood’s Residence”)
This point is found on a vertical line drawn from the L2-3 level to the
caudal aspect of the last rib, 1 cun distal to BL-52. In the company of
GV-4, BL-23, BL-52, and GB-25, Xue Fu falls in line with the “kidney
tiara”.
Medial Xiyan (“Medial Eye of the Knee”)
In the depression below the patella, between the middle and medial
patellar ligaments
Xiyan actually describes a pair of points referred to as medial and
lateral Xiyan. (Lateral Xiyan = ST-35).
Qian Ti Men (“Hoof Gate”)
On the medial and lateral bulbs of the heel of the front foot, on the
caudodorsal border of the bulb of the heel, in a depression at the
caudal corner of each hoof cartilage.
Trigeminal n
Nervi vasorum
of angluar v
Cranial
lumbar spinal
nn
Colic, fever, seizures (add to
treatments for additional autonomic
neuromodulation or vagal
stimulation)
Colic (San-Jiang, ST-36, Er-Jian, BL-21,
BL-25, BaiHui, CV-12)
Ovarian disorders (Xue Fu, BL-23,
BaiHui, BL-25, SP-6)
Femoral n
Saphenous n
Stifle joint pain (Xiyan, ST-36, ST-34,
SP-9, SP-10)
Median n
Ulnar n
Foot problems, navicular disease
(Qian Ti Men, other involved points)
59
60
61
62